A cell casing structure for a power battery used in engineering machinery

Abstract

This utility model discloses a cell housing structure for a power battery used in engineering machinery in the field of new energy power battery technology. The structure includes a housing with a laser micro-nano processing area on its surface, an explosion-proof valve located at the rear of the left side surface of the housing, a cell electrode located at the center of the left side surface of the housing, and an injection hole located at the front of the left side surface of the housing. The housing comprises an aluminum alloy outer layer, a carbon fiber composite middle layer, and a high thermal conductivity polymer inner layer. Through the multi-layer composite material design, the housing significantly reduces weight while maintaining high strength, meeting the lightweight requirements of new energy engineering machinery. The inner thermally conductive material can quickly conduct the heat generated by the cell to the outside, preventing overheating and improving safety and service life. The outer layer undergoes anodizing treatment, effectively resisting the erosion of electrolytes and other corrosive substances, extending the service life of the housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of new energy power battery technology, specifically to a cell housing structure for a power battery used in engineering machinery. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing global demand for clean energy and sustainable development, construction machinery (such as electric mining trucks and hybrid loaders) has experienced rapid development. As a core component of new energy construction machinery, the performance of the power battery directly determines the range, power output, and safety of the machinery. The battery casing, as a crucial part of the power battery, not only needs to provide physical protection for the battery cells but also needs to possess excellent thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and lightweight properties to meet the high energy density, high safety, and long lifespan requirements of new energy vehicles.

[0003] Traditional battery cell casings are mostly made of metal materials (such as aluminum alloys and steel). While these casings possess high mechanical strength, they are heavy and have poor heat dissipation, making it difficult to meet the lightweight and efficient heat dissipation requirements of engineering machinery. Furthermore, metal casings are susceptible to corrosion from electrolytes and other corrosive substances during long-term use, leading to performance degradation and even safety hazards. In existing technologies, some battery casings are made of composite materials or plastics. While this reduces weight, it results in poor mechanical strength and heat dissipation, failing to meet the requirements of high-power batteries used in engineering machinery.

[0004] For example, a lithium-ion power battery casing disclosed in Chinese patent literature (application number: CN201220035081.5) features a T-shaped structure. This T-shaped metal casing significantly improves the battery's drop and impact resistance, solving the problem of short circuits caused by the compression of the spacers in previous new energy power batteries due to drops or collisions. This structure also prevents the battery cells from being punctured during casing installation, extending the battery's lifespan to some extent. However, the lack of a heat dissipation structure affects the battery's heat dissipation function. Furthermore, the casing has low structural strength and lacks an anti-corrosion coating, resulting in only average corrosion resistance. Therefore, a novel battery casing structure is urgently needed that can achieve lightweight design, efficient heat dissipation, and excellent corrosion resistance while maintaining mechanical strength.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a cell casing structure for power batteries used in engineering machinery. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a cell housing structure for a power battery used in engineering machinery, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a cell housing structure for a power battery for engineering machinery, comprising a housing, wherein a laser micro-nano processing area is provided on the surface of the housing, and the structure of the laser micro-nano processing area is a U-shaped groove; An explosion-proof valve is located on the rear part of the left side surface of the housing; The battery cell terminal is located in the middle of the left side surface of the housing; The injection hole is located on the front part of the left side surface of the housing. The shell comprises an aluminum alloy outer layer, a carbon fiber composite middle layer, and a high thermal conductivity polymer inner layer. The surface of the aluminum alloy outer layer is anodized to form an aluminum oxide protective layer, and coated with a high temperature resistant layer and a corrosion resistant coating. A reinforcing aluminum alloy plate is installed between the aluminum alloy outer layer and the high thermal conductivity polymer inner layer.

[0008] Preferably, the fibers in the middle layer of the carbon fiber composite material are distributed along the long side of the shell.

[0009] Preferably, a thermally conductive silicone layer is embedded inside the inner layer of the high thermal conductivity polymer material for direct contact with the battery cell.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. High strength and lightweight: Through the design of multi-layer composite materials, the shell significantly reduces weight while ensuring high strength, meeting the lightweight requirements of new energy engineering machinery for batteries. 2. Efficient heat dissipation: The inner thermal conductive material can quickly conduct the heat generated by the cell to the outside, avoiding battery overheating, improving safety and service life. 3. Corrosion resistance: The outer layer is anodized, which can effectively resist the erosion of electrolyte and other corrosive substances, extending the service life of the shell.

[0011] 2. Compact structure: The heat dissipation structure is integrated with the shell, reducing additional heat dissipation components, lowering production costs and assembly difficulty. The fiber orientation of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the distribution of the thermally conductive silicone layer have been optimized to further improve the mechanical properties and thermal management capabilities of the shell. Environmental adaptability: The outer layer is coated with a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant coating, the middle layer is added with flame retardants, and the inner layer is added with antistatic agents, enabling the shell to adapt to various complex environments.

[0012] 3. Scalability: The design of this utility model can be adjusted according to different battery types and sizes, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is an overall side view of the square battery cell housing of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of the battery cell electrode cover plate of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-layer composite structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the laser micro / nano structure of this utility model.

[0014] In the figure: 1. Laser micro-nano processing area; 2. Explosion-proof valve; 3. Battery cell electrode; 4. Liquid injection hole; 5. Shell; 6. Aluminum alloy outer layer; 7. Carbon fiber composite material middle layer; 8. High thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0016] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution: a cell housing structure for a power battery used in engineering machinery, including a housing 5, a laser micro-nano processing area 1 on the surface of the housing 5, an explosion-proof valve 2 located at the rear of the left side surface of the housing 5, a cell electrode 3 located at the middle of the left side surface of the housing 5, and an injection hole 4 located at the front of the left side surface of the housing 5. The housing 5 includes an aluminum alloy outer layer 6, a carbon fiber composite middle layer 7, and a high thermal conductivity polymer inner layer 8. The aluminum alloy outer layer 6 is made of 6061-T6 high-strength aluminum alloy with a thickness of 1-1.5mm. The surface is anodized to form an aluminum oxide protective layer with a thickness of approximately 20-30μm (microhardness ≥400HV). The middle layer is made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material with a thickness of 1-2mm, which has the characteristics of high strength and lightweight, and can effectively improve the impact resistance of the housing. The carbon fiber / epoxy resin composite material has a fiber volume fraction of 60%, a layup direction of [0° / 90°] orthogonal lamination, a tensile strength ≥800MPa, and a density of 1.6g / cm³. The composite material can also be functionally modified, such as by adding 5wt% boron nitride (BN) particles (particle size 1-3μm) to improve interlayer thermal conductivity (in-plane thermal conductivity 30 W / (m•K)). The casing structure can be adjusted according to different battery types and sizes; for example, for cylindrical batteries, the casing can adopt a cylindrical design.

[0017] Reference Example: The outer surface of the aluminum alloy is anodized to form an alumina protective layer, and then coated with a high-temperature resistant layer and a corrosion-resistant coating, such as a sprayed nano-ceramic coating (Al2O3-SiO2 composite particles, particle size 50-100nm), to improve high-temperature resistance (withstanding 500℃) and resistance to electrolyte corrosion. The anodized surface forms a dense alumina layer, which can effectively resist the erosion of electrolytes and other corrosive substances, thereby improving the battery's adaptability to different environments. Simultaneously, depending on different operating conditions, a vacuum chamber heat spreader can be installed on the outer side of the aluminum alloy outer layer. The circulation of coolant in the coolant circuit of the vacuum chamber heat spreader can further enhance the battery's heat dissipation capacity.

[0018] Reference embodiment: The fiber direction of the carbon fiber composite middle layer 7 is distributed along the long side of the shell 5 to maximize impact resistance and mechanical strength of the shell. Flame retardants are added to the carbon fiber composite middle layer 7 to improve the fire resistance of the shell.

[0019] Reference embodiment: A reinforcing aluminum alloy plate is added between the aluminum alloy outer layer 6 and the high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer 8 to improve the overall strength of the shell 5. A reinforcing aluminum alloy plate is added between the outer layer and the inner layer to improve the overall strength of the battery cell shell. The high thermal conductivity polymer inner layer 8 is made of a polymer material with good thermal conductivity and a thickness of 0.5-1mm.

[0020] Reference embodiment: A thermally conductive silicone layer is embedded inside the high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer 8 for direct contact with the battery cell, achieving efficient heat conduction. The thickness and distribution of the thermally conductive silicone layer are optimized to ensure that heat can be uniformly conducted to the outside of the shell. The high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer 8 can be made of polyimide (PI) based thermally conductive composite material (thickness 0.5mm), filled with 40 vol% aluminum nitride (AlN) and 10 vol% graphene, with a thermal conductivity ≥15 W / (m•K) and a volume resistivity >1014 Ω•cm (antistatic). The interface layer can be coated with a 0.1mm thick silane coupling agent (KH-550) to enhance the adhesion strength with the battery cell (peel force ≥50 N / cm). An antistatic agent is added to the high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer 8 to prevent the impact of static electricity accumulation on the performance of the battery cell.

[0021] Reference embodiment: The structure of the laser micro-nano processing area 1 is a U-shaped trench. The surface of the aluminum alloy outer layer 6 is laser micro-nano structure processed (laser etching) to increase the heat dissipation surface area and further improve the heat dissipation performance. The width is 10-100μm, the depth is 20-200μm, and the spacing is 50-500μm.

[0022] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electric cell housing structure of a power battery for a construction machine, characterized by comprising: Includes a housing (5), the surface of which is provided with a laser micro-nano processing area (1), the structure of which is a U-shaped groove; Explosion-proof valve (2) is disposed on the rear part of the left side surface of the housing (5); The battery cell terminal (3) is disposed in the middle of the left side surface of the housing (5); The injection hole (4) is located on the front part of the left side surface of the housing (5); The shell (5) includes an aluminum alloy outer layer (6), a carbon fiber composite middle layer (7) and a high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer (8). The surface of the aluminum alloy outer layer (6) is anodized to form an aluminum oxide protective layer and coated with a high temperature resistant layer and a corrosion resistant coating. A reinforcing aluminum alloy plate is installed between the aluminum alloy outer layer (6) and the high thermal conductivity polymer material inner layer (8).

2. The power battery cell housing structure for a working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber direction of the middle layer (7) of the carbon fiber composite material is distributed along the long side of the shell (5).

3. The power battery cell housing structure for a working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner layer (8) of the high thermal conductivity polymer material is embedded with a thermally conductive silicone layer for direct contact with the battery cell.

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