Battery modules, energy storage devices and energy storage systems

Abstract

This disclosure provides a battery module, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system, relating to the field of energy storage technology. The battery module includes multiple individual cells and an exhaust device. The multiple individual cells are arranged along a first direction, and each has an explosion-proof valve on one side along a second direction, which intersects with the first direction. The exhaust device is positioned above the explosion-proof valves of the multiple individual cells along the second direction, forming an exhaust channel extending along the first direction and communicating with the explosion-proof valves of the multiple individual cells. The exhaust device includes a connecting wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first side wall and / or the second side wall have multiple exhaust holes communicating with the exhaust channel, and the third direction intersects with both the first and second directions. The battery module provided by this disclosure can guide the high-temperature gas discharged from the explosion-proof valves to both sides of the exhaust device through the exhaust device, achieving rapid exhaust and improving safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a battery module, an energy storage device, and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Secondary batteries, also known as rechargeable batteries or storage batteries, are batteries that can be recharged after being discharged, allowing the active materials to be reactivated and reused. The recyclable nature of secondary batteries has made them a primary power source for electrical equipment.

[0003] Typically, a battery pack includes multiple battery modules, and each battery module usually contains multiple secondary batteries. Currently, in battery pack management, thermal runaway of battery cells is one of the potential safety hazards, which may lead to fire or even explosion, seriously affecting the safety performance of the battery pack.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a battery module, energy storage device, and energy storage system, in which the high-temperature gas discharged from the explosion-proof valve can be directed to both sides of the exhaust device through the exhaust component, thereby achieving rapid exhaust and improving safety performance.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a battery module is provided, the battery module comprising:

[0007] Multiple individual battery cells are arranged along a first direction and each cell is provided with an explosion-proof valve on one side along a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction.

[0008] An exhaust device is disposed above the explosion-proof valves of the plurality of individual batteries along the second direction. The exhaust device forms an exhaust channel extending along the first direction and the exhaust channel is connected to the explosion-proof valves of the plurality of individual batteries. The exhaust device includes a connecting wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first side wall and the second side wall are connected to both sides of the connecting wall along a third direction. The first side wall and / or the second side wall are provided with a plurality of exhaust holes communicating with the exhaust channel. The third direction intersects the first direction and the second direction.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery module further includes:

[0010] An information acquisition device is located along the second direction on the side of the exhaust device away from the explosion-proof valve.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the exhaust member has openings at both ends along the first direction that communicate with the exhaust passage.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the exhaust component further includes a connecting wall, wherein the first sidewall and the second sidewall are connected to both sides of the connecting wall along the third direction, and the connecting wall, the first sidewall, and the second sidewall enclose a U-shaped groove extending along the first direction, the opening of the U-shaped groove facing the explosion-proof valve.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the first sidewall and the second sidewall abut against the plurality of individual battery cells, and the spacing between them in the third direction is greater than the size of the explosion-proof valve in the third direction.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the plurality of vent holes on the first sidewall and / or the second sidewall are arranged along the first direction.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery module further includes a plurality of electrical connectors, each of the individual cells is provided with an electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal and the explosion-proof valve are located on the same side of the individual cell; the electrode terminals of two adjacent individual cells are connected through the electrical connectors;

[0016] In the first direction, at least a portion of the vent holes correspond to the gap positions between two adjacent electrical connectors.

[0017] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the number of vent holes in the region corresponding to the gap position between two adjacent electrical connectors on the first sidewall and / or the second sidewall is greater than the number of vent holes in the region corresponding to the position of the electrical connector.

[0018] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the diameter of the vent hole in the region corresponding to the gap position between two adjacent electrical connectors on the first sidewall and / or the second sidewall is larger than the diameter of the vent hole in the region corresponding to the position of the electrical connector.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the exhaust component is provided with a flow guiding structure, which is located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel and is configured to guide the gas in the exhaust channel to the exhaust port.

[0020] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the flow guiding structure includes a plurality of flow guiding plates connected to the inner wall of the exhaust channel, the plurality of flow guiding plates being spaced apart in the first direction, and at least one exhaust hole being present between two adjacent flow guiding plates.

[0021] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the flow guiding structure includes a plurality of flow guiding grooves located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel, the plurality of flow guiding grooves being spaced apart in the first direction; one end of each flow guiding groove in the extending direction faces the explosion-proof valve, and the other end faces the exhaust port.

[0022] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a reaction layer is provided on the inner wall of the exhaust channel. The reaction layer is configured to react with flammable and explosive gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve. The flammable and explosive gas includes at least one of H2 and CO.

[0023] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the material of the reaction layer includes Fe2O3 and GuO.

[0024] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a raised structure and / or a recessed structure are formed on the inner wall of the exhaust channel, and the layer to be reacted is a coating formed on the inner wall of the exhaust channel.

[0025] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the recessed structure includes a plurality of grooves extending along the first direction.

[0026] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the exhaust component is made of metal, and an insulating layer is provided on the outer surface of the exhaust component, wherein the thickness of the layer to be reacted is greater than that of the insulating layer.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the reaction layer has a plurality of voids, which are connected to the exhaust channel.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the battery module further includes:

[0029] A first end plate and a second end plate are clamped at both ends of the plurality of individual cells along the first direction; one end of the venting component is connected to the first end plate and the other end is connected to the second end plate.

[0030] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage device is provided, which includes the battery module described above.

[0031] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an energy storage system is provided, which includes the energy storage device described above.

[0032] The battery module disclosed herein features an exhaust vent above the explosion-proof valve. When thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve can directly enter the exhaust channel of the exhaust vent and be rapidly discharged under its guidance, preventing the accumulation of high-temperature, high-pressure gas near the explosion-proof valve opening. The exhaust channel connects to the explosion-proof valves of multiple individual batteries along a first direction, allowing thermal runaway gases from different individual batteries to converge within the exhaust channel and be rapidly discharged to both sides of the exhaust vent through multiple exhaust holes on the first and / or second sidewalls of the exhaust vent, significantly improving overall exhaust efficiency. Furthermore, guiding the high-temperature, high-pressure gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve through the exhaust vent creates physical isolation between the high-temperature, high-pressure gas and other components on the battery module. The exhaust vent directs the high-temperature gas flow within the exhaust channel and discharges it through the exhaust holes, preventing the high-temperature, high-pressure gas from directly impacting or continuously heating other heat-sensitive components within the battery module, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery module.

[0033] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack provided according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 3 An exploded view of a battery pack provided for one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery module provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery module with an exhaust component provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an exhaust component provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0042] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an exhaust component provided for another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0044] Figure 10 A side view of an exhaust component provided for another embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing a guide vane provided on the inner wall of an exhaust channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0047] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing a guide groove provided on the inner wall of an exhaust channel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0050] 10. Energy storage device; 20. High-voltage cable; 30. First power conversion device; 40. Second power conversion device;

[0051] 100. Battery pack; 110. Battery housing; 111. Lower housing; 112. Housing cover; 120. Battery module; 121. Individual battery cell; 122. Explosion-proof valve; 123. Venting component; 124. Electrical connector; 125. Output terminal connector; 1261. First end plate; 1262. Second end plate; 127. Cable tie; 1231. First side wall; 1232. Second side wall; 1233. Connecting wall; 1234. Venting channel; 1235. Venting hole; 1236. Opening; 1237. Groove; 1238. Guide vane; 1239. Guide groove;

[0052] X, first direction; Z, second direction; Y, third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0054] Because the energy people need is highly time- and space-dependent, in order to make rational use of energy and improve energy efficiency, it is necessary to use a medium or device to store one form of energy in the same way or by converting it into another form of energy, and then release it in a specific form of energy based on future application needs.

[0055] Currently, the generation of green electricity generally relies on solar, wind, and hydropower. However, wind and solar power are generally characterized by strong intermittency and large fluctuations, which can cause grid instability, insufficient power during peak demand periods, and excessive power during off-peak periods. Unstable voltage can also damage the power grid. Therefore, insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid capacity may lead to the problem of "wind and solar curtailment." Solving these problems requires energy storage. This involves converting electrical energy into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and storing it. When needed, this energy can be converted back into electrical energy and released. Simply put, energy storage is like a large "power bank," storing electrical energy when solar and wind power are abundant and releasing the stored electricity when needed.

[0056] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, this solution provides an energy storage device for use in energy storage systems. The energy storage device is equipped with a set of chemical batteries, which mainly use the chemical elements in the batteries as energy storage media. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by the chemical reaction or change of the energy storage media. Simply put, the electrical energy generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical batteries. When the use of external electrical energy reaches its peak, the stored electricity is released for use, or transferred to places with a shortage of electricity for use.

[0057] Current energy storage applications are quite widespread, including generation-side energy storage, grid-side energy storage, and consumption-side energy storage. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include:

[0058] (1) Large-scale energy storage power stations (including multiple prefabricated energy storage modules) applied to wind power and photovoltaic power stations can help renewable energy power generation meet grid connection requirements and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, energy storage power stations can achieve load matching of power in time and space, enhance the absorption capacity of renewable energy, reduce instantaneous power changes, reduce the impact on the power grid, improve the absorption of new energy power generation, and are of great significance in power grid system backup, alleviating peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation and frequency regulation.

[0059] (2) The energy storage prefabricated cabin applied on the grid side mainly functions as peak regulation, frequency regulation and grid congestion relief. In terms of peak regulation, it can realize peak shaving and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is low and releasing the stored electricity during the peak electricity load period, thereby achieving a balance between power production and consumption.

[0060] (3) Small energy storage cabinets applied to the electricity consumption side mainly function as self-consumption of electricity, peak-valley price arbitrage, capacity cost management, and improvement of power supply reliability. Depending on the application scenario, electricity consumption side energy storage can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, household energy storage devices, energy storage charging piles, etc., which are generally used in conjunction with distributed photovoltaics. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley pricing, by charging the energy storage system when the electricity price is low and discharging the energy storage system when the electricity price is high, peak-valley price arbitrage can be achieved, reducing electricity costs. In addition, industrial enterprises subject to two-part tariffs can use energy storage systems to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge during peak loads, thereby reducing peak power and the maximum demand declared, achieving the goal of reducing capacity charges. Household photovoltaics with energy storage can improve the level of self-consumption of electricity. Due to high electricity prices and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installations is driven. Given that photovoltaic power generation occurs during the day, while user load is generally higher at night, configuring energy storage can better utilize photovoltaic power, improve self-consumption levels, and reduce electricity costs. Furthermore, energy storage is needed in areas such as communication base stations and data centers for backup power.

[0061] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated using a shared energy storage scenario on the generation / distribution side as an example, but the energy storage device disclosed herein is not limited to a prefabricated energy storage module in a generation / distribution energy storage scenario.

[0062] This disclosure provides an energy storage system, comprising: a high-voltage cable 20, a first power conversion device 30, a second power conversion device 40, and the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 40 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 10 through grid connection. The energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, achieving peak shaving and frequency regulation, and ensuring stable grid operation; or, the wind power conversion device is always connected to the high-voltage cable 20. High-voltage cable 20 connects the wind power conversion device to the power consumption side of the distribution network under normal power generation conditions. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in energy storage device 10 to reduce wind and solar curtailment rates and improve the problem of new energy power generation consumption. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in energy storage device 10 together with high-voltage cable 20 in grid-connected mode to supply power to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving role of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid.

[0063] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 30 can be a photovoltaic panel, and the energy storage device 10 is connected to the high-voltage cable 20 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 20 between the user load and the photovoltaic power conversion device. The electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 10, which can respond in a timely manner to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails; or, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line congestion when the high-voltage cable 20 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0064] Optionally, the first power conversion device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic panel, and the second power conversion device 40 may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device. The first power conversion device 30 and the second power conversion device 40 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0065] Optionally, the energy storage device 10 may include, but is not limited to, energy storage applications such as energy storage power stations, hydropower / thermal / wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, smart home systems, or temporary power supply systems, and may also be applied in multiple fields such as data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, and electric vehicles.

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, taking the energy storage device 10 as an example of a battery pack 100, the battery pack 100 includes a battery box 110 and multiple battery modules 120. The battery box 110 includes a lower box 111 and a box cover 112, and the box cover 112 is fixedly / detachably connected to the lower box 111 to form a battery compartment. Multiple battery modules 120 are located inside the battery compartment.

[0067] The battery compartment of the battery housing 110 can hold at least one battery module 120, such as one, two, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more. The more battery modules 120 there are, the higher the capacity of the battery pack 100, thus making it easier to meet market demands. For example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the battery compartment of the battery box 110 accommodates a total of eight battery modules 120, arranged in two rows along the length of the battery box 110 and four columns along the width of the battery box 110.

[0068] Among them, such as Figure 4As shown, each battery module 120 may include a pair of end plates arranged opposite each other along the cell arrangement direction, and a plurality of individual cells 121 located between the pair of end plates (first end plate 1261 and second end plate 1262). The plurality of individual cells 121 and the first end plate 1261 and the second end plate 1262 can be fixed by binding tools such as cable ties 127. The plurality of individual cells 121 are arranged along the length direction of the battery box 110, and the plurality of individual cells 121 are connected to each other by electrical connectors 124 to realize series / parallel electrical connection between the plurality of individual cells 121.

[0069] In this configuration, multiple individual cells 121 are connected in series, and each electrical connector 124 is connected to the electrode terminals of different polarities on two individual cells 121 respectively; or, the multiple individual cells 121 are connected in parallel in pairs and then connected in series between the groups, in which case each electrical connector 124 is first connected to the electrode terminals of the same polarity on two individual cells 121 respectively, and then connected to the electrode terminals of opposite polarity on two other individual cells 121.

[0070] Among them, two individual battery cells 121 adjacent to the first end plate 1261 and the second end plate 1262 are respectively provided with output electrode connectors 125, so as to be electrically connected to other battery modules 120 or to the output end of the battery pack 100 through the output electrode connectors 125.

[0071] It is understood that the energy storage device 10 is not limited to a battery pack. The energy storage device 10 can be a single battery cell, or a battery module, battery cluster, power bank, energy storage cabinet / prefabricated energy storage compartment, or other battery integrated system composed of single batteries. The actual application form of the energy storage device 10 provided in this disclosure embodiment can be, but is not limited to, the listed products, and can also be other application forms. This disclosure embodiment does not strictly limit the application form of the energy storage device 10.

[0072] Optionally, the single cell 121 can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a single cell 121 that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The single cell 121 can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0073] Optionally, the single cell 121 can be, but is not limited to, at least one of cylindrical, prismatic, prismatic, or other shaped batteries. The prismatic single cell 121 includes a casing, an electrode assembly, and a top cover assembly. The casing forms an accommodating space with an opening, and the top cover assembly covers the opening of the casing. It should be noted that the prismatic single cell 121 can also be a tetragonal prism-shaped battery, which is convenient for assembly into groups. A tetragonal prism-shaped battery refers to a prism shape, but it is not strictly limited that each side of the prism must be a straight line; the corners between the sides can be right angles, rounded corners, or chamfers. The casing and top cover assembly cooperate to form a tetragonal prism-shaped outer shell. The prismatic single cell 121 includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte located within the casing. The electrode assembly includes a cell, a positive tab, and a negative tab. The battery cell has positive and negative electrode plates stacked on top of each other, and a separator sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrode plates. The positive and negative electrode plates and the separator sheet disposed between the positive and negative electrode plates are wound together to obtain a wound battery cell. Optionally, the battery cell can be a stacked battery cell.

[0074] The top cover assembly includes a top cover, a first electrode post, a second electrode post, and an insulating component. The top cover has through holes for the first and second electrode posts. The first electrode post passes through the first electrode post hole, and the second electrode post passes through the second electrode post hole. The insulating component is stacked on the back of the top cover to insulate the top cover from the electrode assembly. The first and second electrode posts have opposite polarities; for example, the first electrode post can be a negative electrode post, and the second electrode post can be a positive electrode post.

[0075] The electrode assembly includes at least one battery cell and multiple tabs connected to the battery cell, the multiple tabs including at least one positive tab and at least one negative tab; the top cover assembly includes multiple adapter pieces, the multiple adapter pieces including at least one positive adapter piece and at least one negative adapter piece; the positive tab of each battery cell is electrically connected to the positive terminal through the positive adapter piece, and the negative tab of each battery cell is electrically connected to the negative terminal through the negative adapter piece.

[0076] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown, the top cover is provided with an explosion-proof hole, and an explosion-proof valve 122 is provided on the explosion-proof hole. The explosion-proof valve 122 can be installed on the explosion-proof hole by welding or other means, or by forming a groove on the top cover, with the part surrounded by the groove serving as the explosion-proof valve; when the gas pressure inside the single cell 121 exceeds the set critical value, the explosion-proof valve opens to release gas, so as to prevent the gas pressure inside the single cell 121 from becoming too high and causing an explosion.

[0077] The battery module 120 also includes an information acquisition unit that extends along the stacking direction of the individual battery cells and is located above the explosion-proof valves of each individual battery cell. The information acquisition unit can collect at least one of the voltage, current, and temperature information of the individual battery cells and transmit the collected voltage, current, and temperature information to the control unit of the battery pack 100. When the control unit determines that the temperature is too high, it will control the cooling system to cool the individual battery cell 121. If the temperature is too low, it can also transmit the information to the heating device to heat the individual battery cell 121. The voltage information can be used to determine whether the voltage value of the individual battery cell 121 is too low or too high, thereby controlling the operating state of the individual battery cell 121. The current information can be used to determine whether the current value of the individual battery cell 121 is too low or too high, thereby controlling the operating state of the individual battery cell 121 and ensuring the safety of the battery module 120. The FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or CCS (Cells Contact System) wiring harness assembly can be used as the information acquisition device. The FPC board or CCS wiring harness assembly is electrically connected to each electrical connector 124 and the output terminal connector 125 to stably acquire at least one of the voltage information, current information and temperature information of the single cell 121.

[0078] However, the inventors discovered that when the cell of the single battery 121 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve 122 will open to release gas. The information acquisition component located above the explosion-proof valve port hinders the rapid discharge of thermal runaway gas. The thermal runaway gas continuously heats the information acquisition component, reaching its melting point, which can easily cause the information acquisition component to rupture and short-circuit, thereby causing the battery module 120 to catch fire or even explode, seriously affecting the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0079] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this disclosure provide a battery module 120, such as... Figures 4-7As shown, the device includes multiple individual battery cells 121 and an exhaust component 123. The multiple individual battery cells 121 are arranged along a first direction X, and each has an explosion-proof valve 122 on one side along a second direction Z, which intersects with the first direction X. The exhaust component 123 is located above the explosion-proof valves 122 of the multiple individual battery cells 121 along the second direction Z. The exhaust component 123 forms an exhaust channel 1234 extending along the first direction X, and the exhaust channel 1234 communicates with the explosion-proof valves 122 of the multiple individual battery cells 121. The exhaust component 123 includes a first sidewall 1231 and a second sidewall 1232 along a third direction Y. The first sidewall 1231 and / or the second sidewall 1232 are provided with multiple exhaust holes 1235 communicating with the exhaust channel 1234. The third direction Y intersects with the first direction X and the second direction Z. The first direction X can be the thickness direction of the individual battery cell 121, the second direction Z can be the height direction of the individual battery cell 121, and the third direction Y can be the width direction of the individual battery cell 121.

[0080] The battery module 120 disclosed herein has an exhaust vent 123 above the explosion-proof valve 122. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122 can directly enter the exhaust channel 1234 of the exhaust vent 123 and be quickly discharged under the guidance of the exhaust channel 1234, avoiding the accumulation of high-temperature and high-pressure gas near the explosion-proof valve port. The exhaust channel 1234 connects the explosion-proof valves 122 of multiple individual batteries 121 along the first direction X, allowing the thermal runaway gas from individual batteries 121 at different locations to converge in the exhaust channel 1234 and be quickly discharged to both sides of the exhaust vent 123 through multiple exhaust holes 1235 on the first side wall 1231 and / or the second side wall 1232 of the exhaust vent 123, significantly improving the overall exhaust efficiency. In addition, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122 is guided out by the exhaust component 123, forming a physical isolation between the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and other components on the battery module 120. The exhaust component 123 causes the high-temperature gas to flow in a directional manner in the exhaust channel 1234 and be discharged from the exhaust port 1235, avoiding direct impact or continuous heating of other heat-sensitive components in the battery module 120 by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 120.

[0081] In this configuration, the information acquisition component is located on the side of the exhaust component 123 facing away from the explosion-proof valve 122, meaning the exhaust component 123 separates the information acquisition component from the explosion-proof valve 122, preventing high-temperature gas from directly spraying onto the information acquisition component during thermal runaway. The physical barrier formed by the exhaust component 123 can block most of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas, preventing the information acquisition component from rupturing and short-circuiting due to high temperature, thereby preventing the battery module 120 from catching fire and improving the safety of the battery pack 100. Furthermore, placing the exhaust component 123 between the information acquisition component and the explosion-proof valve 122 fully utilizes the internal space of the battery module 120, avoiding an excessively large battery module 120 volume due to the addition of the exhaust component 123. The superimposed arrangement of the exhaust component 123 and the information acquisition component in the second direction Z improves space utilization and ensures the energy density of the battery module 120 without affecting their respective functions.

[0082] In the third direction Y, the width of the connecting wall 1233 is greater than the width of the information acquisition component, meaning the information acquisition component is completely located on the top surface of the connecting wall 1233. This avoids the information acquisition component being suspended on both sides, improving the reliability of the information acquisition component after assembly on the top surface of the connecting wall 1233. Simultaneously, the connecting wall 1233 provides better heat insulation for information acquisition, preventing high-temperature, high-pressure gas from being directly sprayed onto the information acquisition component after being discharged from the exhaust holes 1235 on both sides of the exhaust component 123. This further prevents the information acquisition component from cracking and short-circuiting due to high temperature, further improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0083] Among them, such as Figure 6 As shown, the exhaust component 123 has openings 1236 at both ends along the first direction X, connecting to the exhaust channel 1234. After thermal runaway gas enters the exhaust channel 1234, it can flow and be discharged along the first direction X towards the openings 1236 at both ends, in addition to the exhaust holes 1235 on the first sidewall 1231 and / or the second sidewall 1232. When multiple individual batteries 121 in the battery module 120 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, a large amount of gas accumulates in the exhaust channel 1234, which may cause a sharp increase in pressure within the channel. At this time, the openings 1236 at both ends can share some of the exhaust pressure, allowing the gas in the exhaust channel 1234 to diffuse more quickly, reducing the residence time of the gas in the channel, reducing the continuous thermal shock of high-temperature gas to the exhaust component 123 and the information acquisition component, preventing the information acquisition component from rupturing and short-circuiting due to high temperature, thereby preventing the battery module 120 from catching fire and improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0084] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the exhaust component 123 also includes a connecting wall 1233. A first side wall 1231 and a second side wall 1232 are connected to both sides of the connecting wall 1233 along a third direction Y. The connecting wall 1233, the first side wall 1231, and the second side wall 1232 together form a U-shaped groove extending along a first direction X. The opening 1236 of the U-shaped groove faces the explosion-proof valve 122. When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122 diffuses outwards. The opening 1236 of the U-shaped groove faces the explosion-proof valve 122, maximizing the collection of the thermal runaway gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122. This guides the diffused gas into the exhaust channel 1234, improving the gas collection rate and ensuring that more gas can be discharged through the exhaust channel 1234. Furthermore, the use of metal sheet bending technology makes the U-shaped structure relatively easy to process, facilitating mass production and reducing manufacturing costs. Meanwhile, the inner wall of the U-shaped channel can be standardized (such as setting a flow guiding structure, a reaction layer, etc.) to facilitate the integration of subsequent functional components.

[0085] One end of the venting component 123 is connected to the first end plate 1261, and the other end is connected to the second end plate 1262. This allows the venting component 123 to be fixed above the explosion-proof valve 122 of each individual battery cell 121 via the first end plate 1261 and the second end plate 1262. For example, one end of the venting component 123 can be connected to the first end plate 1261 by a bolt thread, and the other end can be connected to the second end plate 1262 by a bolt thread, facilitating the assembly and disassembly of the venting component 123. Of course, the venting component 123 can also be connected to the first end plate 1261 and the second end plate 1262 by snap-fit, welding, riveting, or other methods.

[0086] The first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232 abut against the multiple individual batteries 121 to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected after the explosion-proof valve 122 is opened from leaking out or leaking excessively from the gap between the exhaust component 123 and the individual battery 121.

[0087] The distance between the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232 in the third direction Y is greater than the size of the explosion-proof valve in the third direction Y. That is, the explosion-proof valve 122 is completely located in the exhaust channel 1234 formed between the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected after the explosion-proof valve 122 is opened can all enter the exhaust channel 1234.

[0088] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, multiple vent holes 1235 on the first sidewall 1231 are arranged along the first direction X, or multiple vent holes 1235 on the second sidewall 1232 are arranged along the first direction X, or multiple vent holes 1235 on both the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232 are arranged along the first direction X. Since the individual cells 121 are arranged along the first direction X, the explosion-proof valve 122 of each individual cell 121 corresponds to the exhaust channel 1234 arranged along the first direction X. The arrangement of the vent holes 1235 along the first direction X ensures that the thermal runaway gas discharged from each explosion-proof valve 122 can be discharged through the nearby vent hole 1235, avoiding the problem of the vent holes 1235 being concentrated in a certain area, causing poor gas discharge in other areas. The vent holes 1235 arranged along the first direction X can be flexibly adjusted according to the number and spacing of the individual cells 121. For example, a set of vent holes 1235 is provided for each explosion-proof valve 122, so that the distribution of vent holes 1235 corresponds to the layout of the single battery 121, thereby improving the smoothness of venting.

[0089] In some embodiments, in the first direction X, at least a portion of the vent 1235 corresponds to the gap between two adjacent electrical connectors 124. Aligning the vent 1235 with the gap between adjacent electrical connectors 124 prevents high-temperature gas from directly impacting the electrical connectors 124 when it exits directly from the vent 1235. If the vent 1235 were directly opposite the electrical connector 124, the high temperature during gas exit could cause the electrical connector 124 to deform, melt, or oxidize, affecting its conductivity. The gap arrangement allows gas to exit through the space between the electrical connectors 124, reducing direct impact on the electrical connectors 124, protecting their reliability, and ensuring that the battery module 120 maintains stable electrical connections even in the early stages of thermal runaway. This provides a guarantee for the control system to monitor the module status and issue early warning signals. In addition, the gap between adjacent electrical connectors 124 can be matched with a spatial channel inside the module. The vent hole 1235 and the gap can form a continuous venting path of "venting channel 1234-venting hole 1235-gap". Thermal runaway gas can diffuse using the continuous venting path, which is beneficial to improving venting efficiency.

[0090] In some embodiments, the vent holes 1235 may correspond to the gap positions between two adjacent electrical connectors 124. Alternatively, most vent holes 1235 may correspond to the gap positions between two adjacent electrical connectors 124, while a small number of vent holes 1235 may correspond to the positions of the electrical connectors 124. That is, the number of vent holes 1235 in the regions corresponding to the gap positions between two adjacent electrical connectors 124 on the first sidewall 1231 and / or the second sidewall 1232 is greater than the number of vent holes 1235 in the regions corresponding to the positions of the electrical connectors 124. Wherein, given a fixed diameter for the vent holes 1235, the number of both per unit area is compared. When thermal runaway gas flows within the exhaust channel 1234, it naturally gathers and exits towards the region with a larger number of vent holes 1235. Therefore, the densely packed vent holes 1235 in the gap region can guide more gas out of that location, improving overall exhaust efficiency. Simultaneously, the densely packed vent holes 1235 also increase the exhaust area of ​​that region, reducing resistance during gas exit and allowing the gas to diffuse more rapidly. The area corresponding to the location of the electrical connector 124 has a small number of exhaust holes 1235. Due to the small number of exhaust holes 1235, the gas flow rate is small, and the impact on the electrical connector 124 is reduced accordingly. This ensures efficient exhaust of the exhaust path and minimizes the adverse effects on the electrical connector 124.

[0091] In some embodiments, the diameter of the vent hole 1235 in the region corresponding to the gap between two adjacent electrical connectors 124 on the first sidewall 1231 and / or the second sidewall 1232 is larger than the diameter of the vent hole 1235 in the region corresponding to the position of the electrical connector 124. By making the diameter of the vent hole 1235 in the gap region larger, more gas can be discharged in the same amount of time, thus improving the exhaust capacity of the region. In thermal runaway scenarios where a large amount of gas needs to be discharged quickly, the large-diameter vent hole 1235 can effectively reduce the pressure in the exhaust channel 1234, avoiding structural damage caused by excessive pressure. At the same time, the large-diameter vent hole 1235 also reduces the local resistance to gas flow, allowing the gas to be discharged more smoothly.

[0092] Furthermore, by using large-diameter, high-density vent holes 1235 at the location corresponding to the gap area, the venting capacity can be maximized; while by using small-diameter, low-density vent holes 1235 in the electrical connector 124 area, the impact on the electrical connector 124 can be minimized. The two work together to achieve the best balance between venting efficiency and structural protection.

[0093] In some embodiments, the exhaust member 123 is provided with a flow guiding structure located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234. The flow guiding structure is configured to guide the gas in the exhaust channel 1234 to the exhaust port 1235. The flow guiding structure (e.g., a guide vane, a guide groove, etc.) can provide a clear direction for the gas flow, guiding the gas directly from the explosion-proof valve 122 to the nearest exhaust port 1235, shortening the gas flow distance in the channel and increasing the exhaust speed. At the same time, the flow guiding structure can disperse and guide the gas to different exhaust ports 1235, making the exhaust volume of each exhaust port 1235 more balanced. The uniform pressure distribution also helps the gas flow more smoothly, further improving the exhaust efficiency. In addition, for the exhaust channel 1234 with a U-shaped groove structure, the flow guiding structure can be arranged along the inner wall of the U-shaped groove, conforming to the shape of the groove, to ensure that the guiding effect on the gas is maximized.

[0094] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the flow guiding structure may include multiple flow guiding plates 1238 connected to the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234. The multiple flow guiding plates 1238 are spaced apart in the first direction X, and there is at least one exhaust hole 1235 between two adjacent flow guiding plates 1238. The spaced-apart flow guiding plates 1238 can divide the space within the exhaust channel 1234 into multiple relatively independent flow guiding regions. Each flow guiding region corresponds to a specific exhaust hole 1235. After the thermal runaway gas enters the corresponding region, it will flow directly to the exhaust hole 1235 in that region under the guidance of the flow guiding plates 1238, shortening the distance and time for the gas to reach the exhaust hole 1235, accelerating the gas discharge speed, and improving the overall exhaust efficiency.

[0095] Among them, such as Figure 12 As shown, guide vanes 1238 can be provided on both the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232. The guide vanes 1238 can be triangular, and the triangular guide vanes 1238 on the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232 can be arranged opposite each other.

[0096] In some embodiments, the flow guiding structure may further include multiple flow guiding channels located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234, with the multiple flow guiding channels spaced apart in the first direction X; one end of the flow guiding channel faces the explosion-proof valve 122 in the extending direction, and the other end faces the exhaust port 1235. The flow guiding channel has a clear extending direction, extending from near the explosion-proof valve 122 to the exhaust port 1235, forming a continuous gas flow path. After the thermal runaway gas is ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122, it can directly enter the flow guiding channel and flow smoothly along the channel to the exhaust port 1235, ensuring the continuity of the guiding process and improving the efficiency of gas discharge. In addition, the gas has a certain diffusion angle when it is ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122, and the flow guiding channel facing the explosion-proof valve 122 can better capture the diffused gas and guide it into the channel. As the flow guiding channel extends towards the exhaust port 1235, it gradually converges and guides the diffused gas to the exhaust port 1235, which conforms to the gas diffusion flow law and improves the guiding effect on the diffused gas.

[0097] Among them, such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the connecting wall 1233 is provided with a guide groove 1239, which penetrates the connecting wall 1233 in a third direction Y and extends to the first side wall 1231 and the second side wall 1232 at both ends. The explosion-proof valve 122 corresponds to the middle area of ​​the connecting wall 1233, that is, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the connecting wall 1233 can flow towards the first side wall 1231 and the second side wall 1232 through the guide groove 1239, and then be smoothly discharged through the exhaust holes 1235 on the first side wall 1231 and the second side wall 1232. It is understood that guide grooves may also be provided on the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232, extending directly to the exhaust port 1235; the guide grooves facing the exhaust port 1235 on the first sidewall 1231 and the second sidewall 1232 may be independent guide grooves, extending obliquely directly from the position of the explosion-proof valve 122 to the exhaust port 1235, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0098] In some embodiments, the flow guiding structure may also include a plurality of flow guiding grooves located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234 and a plurality of flow guiding plates connected to the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234.

[0099] In some embodiments, a reaction layer is provided on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234. This reaction layer is configured to react with flammable and explosive gases ejected from the explosion-proof valve 122, including at least one of H2 and CO. H2 and CO gases generated by thermal runaway are flammable and explosive; direct discharge may cause external fires or explosions. The reaction layer reacts chemically with these gases, converting them into harmless or less hazardous substances, eliminating the flammable and explosive hazards of the gases and reducing safety risks at the source. Simultaneously, the reaction layer, located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234, is in direct contact with the flowing gas, increasing the reaction contact area. During the gas flow within the exhaust channel 1234, there is sufficient time for the reaction layer to react, improving the processing efficiency of flammable and explosive gases and ensuring that most or even all harmful gases are effectively treated. It can be seen that when the gas flows through the exhaust channel 1234, it can be smoothly discharged and react with the reaction layer, achieving simultaneous exhaust and gas treatment without adding extra processing steps or time, thus improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0100] The gases generated by thermal runaway mainly consist of H2, CO, and CO2. Flammable and explosive gases H2 account for approximately 50% of the volume, CO approximately 17%, and CO2 approximately 27%. The remainder consists of smaller amounts of gases such as CH4, C2H6, and C2H4. The reaction layer is made of Fe2O3 and GuO. The oxide coating allows the high-temperature flammable and explosive gases H2 and CO generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell to react with the oxide coating, generating non-flammable H2O vapor and CO2, thus reducing the flammability and explosion index of the gases. Simultaneously, the water vapor rapidly carries away the heat, reducing the temperature above the explosion-proof valve and preventing the information acquisition components from melting. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:

[0101] Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O

[0102] Fe₂O₃ + CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂

[0103] GuO + H2 → Gu + H2O

[0104] Fe2O3 and CuO exhibit strong reactivity with flammable and explosive gases such as H2 and CO under high-temperature conditions. They can rapidly undergo redox reactions with these gases, oxidizing H2 to H2O and CO to CO2 with high efficiency, effectively reducing the hazard of the gases. Furthermore, they are not prone to deterioration or failure under normal battery operating conditions, maintaining their reactivity with flammable and explosive gases over a long period. Even in high-temperature thermal runaway environments, they can react stably with gases, ensuring the reliability of the reaction effect.

[0105] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234 has raised and / or recessed structures, and the reaction layer is a coating formed on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234. The raised and recessed structures significantly increase the surface area of ​​the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234. The reaction layer, as a coating, covers these structural surfaces, providing a larger reaction contact area compared to a flat inner wall, allowing more flammable and explosive gases to react with the reaction layer and improving reaction efficiency.

[0106] Among them, such as Figures 8-10 As shown, the recessed structure includes multiple grooves 1237 extending along a first direction X. The grooves 1237 extending along the first direction X are aligned with the extension direction of the exhaust channel 1234, guiding the flow of hot, flammable, and explosive gases along the first direction X, thus aligning with the overall airflow direction of the exhaust channel 1234. Simultaneously, the grooves 1237 themselves also divert the flammable and explosive gases to a certain extent. When the flammable and explosive gases flow within the grooves 1237, they come into full contact with the reaction layer on the inner wall of the grooves 1237, prolonging the contact time and making the reaction more complete. Furthermore, the groove structure 1237 can cooperate with the exhaust holes 1235 arranged along the first direction X, guide vanes, and other structures to facilitate gas flow towards the exhaust holes 1235 arranged along the first direction X, and also work together with the guide vanes and other structures to improve the gas guiding and exhaust effects.

[0107] The exhaust component 123 is made of metal, and an insulating layer is provided on its outer surface. The thickness of the reaction layer is greater than that of the insulating layer. The metal exhaust component 123 has good high-temperature resistance and impact resistance, capable of withstanding the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure gas during thermal runaway, ensuring the structural stability of the exhaust channel 1234. The insulating layer on the outer surface prevents short circuits between the metal exhaust component 123 and other components (such as the FPC) within the battery module 120, avoiding new safety accidents caused by short circuits. By making the thickness of the reaction layer greater than that of the insulating layer, sufficient substances in the reaction layer are ensured to react with the flammable and explosive gas, ensuring the reaction effect and extending its service life.

[0108] The thickness of the reaction layer can be 0.2mm to 2mm, such as 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, etc., to ensure that the reaction layer reacts sufficiently with flammable and explosive gases.

[0109] In some embodiments, the reaction layer has multiple voids that communicate with the exhaust channel 1234. The voids within the reaction layer increase the contact area between the reaction layer and the gas, allowing the gas to react not only with the outer surface of the reaction layer but also to enter the voids and contact the inner surface of the reaction layer, significantly improving the completeness and efficiency of the reaction. Simultaneously, the voids provide channels for gas diffusion within the reaction layer, enabling more gas to participate in the reaction.

[0110] When the layer to be reacted is formed on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234 in the exhaust component 123, a void structure can be formed directly during the coating and drying process, or a sacrificial material can be added to the layer to be reacted. After the material of the layer to be reacted is coated on the inner wall of the exhaust channel 1234, the sacrificial material in the layer to be reacted is removed, thereby forming voids in the layer to be reacted. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0111] In this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0112] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0113] In the description of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the implementation of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0114] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

[0115] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized by, include: Multiple individual battery cells (121) are arranged along a first direction (X) and each cell is provided with an explosion-proof valve (122) along a second direction (Z). The second direction (Z) intersects with the first direction (X). An exhaust component (123) is disposed above the explosion-proof valve (122) of the plurality of individual batteries (121) along the second direction (Z). The exhaust component (123) forms an exhaust channel (1234) extending along the first direction (X) and the exhaust channel (1234) is connected to the explosion-proof valve (122) of the plurality of individual batteries (121). The exhaust component (123) includes a connecting wall (1233), a first side wall (1231), and a second side wall (1232). The first side wall (1231) and the second side wall (1232) are connected to both sides of the connecting wall (1233) along a third direction (Y). The first side wall (1231) and / or the second side wall (1232) are provided with a plurality of exhaust holes (1235) communicating with the exhaust channel (1234). The third direction (Y) intersects the first direction (X) and the second direction (Z).

2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The battery module (120) also includes: An information acquisition device is located along the second direction (Z) on the side of the exhaust device (123) away from the explosion-proof valve (122), and in the third direction (Y), the width of the connecting wall (1233) is greater than the width of the information acquisition device.

3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The exhaust component (123) has openings (1236) at both ends along the first direction (X) that connect to the exhaust passage (1234).

4. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The connecting wall (1233) together with the first side wall (1231) and the second side wall (1232) forms a U-shaped groove extending along the first direction (X), and the opening (1236) of the U-shaped groove faces the explosion-proof valve (122).

5. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The first sidewall (1231) and the second sidewall (1232) abut against the plurality of individual battery cells (121), and the distance between them in the third direction (Y) is greater than the size of the explosion-proof valve (122) in the third direction (Y).

6. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of vent holes (1235) on the first sidewall (1231) and / or the second sidewall (1232) are arranged along the first direction (X).

7. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The battery module (120) also includes a plurality of electrical connectors (124), each of the individual cells (121) is provided with an electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal and the explosion-proof valve (122) are located on the same side of the individual cell (121); the electrode terminals of two adjacent individual cells (121) are connected through the electrical connectors (124); In the first direction (X), at least a portion of the vent (1235) corresponds to the gap position between two adjacent electrical connectors (124).

8. The battery module of claim 7, wherein, The number of vent holes (1235) on the first sidewall (1231) and / or the second sidewall (1232) in the region corresponding to the gap position between two adjacent electrical connectors (124) is greater than the number of vent holes (1235) in the region corresponding to the position of the electrical connector (124).

9. The battery module of claim 7, wherein, The diameter of the vent hole (1235) in the region corresponding to the gap position between two adjacent electrical connectors (124) on the first sidewall (1231) and / or the second sidewall (1232) is greater than the diameter of the vent hole (1235) in the region corresponding to the position of the electrical connector (124).

10. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The exhaust component (123) is provided with a flow guiding structure, which is located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234). The flow guiding structure is configured to guide the gas in the exhaust channel (1234) to the exhaust hole (1235).

11. The battery module of claim 10, wherein, The flow guiding structure includes a plurality of flow guiding plates connected to the inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234), the plurality of flow guiding plates being spaced apart in the first direction (X), and at least one exhaust hole (1235) being between two adjacent flow guiding plates.

12. The battery module of claim 10, wherein, The flow guiding structure includes a plurality of flow guiding grooves located on the inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234), and the plurality of flow guiding grooves are spaced apart in the first direction (X); one end of the flow guiding groove in the extending direction faces the explosion-proof valve (122), and the other end faces the exhaust port (1235).

13. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234) is provided with a reaction layer, which is configured to react with the flammable and explosive gas ejected by the explosion-proof valve (122), and the flammable and explosive gas includes at least one of H2 and CO.

14. The battery module of claim 13, wherein, The material of the reaction layer includes Fe2O3 and GuO.

15. The battery module of claim 13, wherein, The inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234) has a raised structure and / or a recessed structure, and the layer to be reacted is a coating formed on the inner wall of the exhaust channel (1234).

16. The battery module of claim 15, wherein, The recessed structure includes a plurality of grooves (1237) extending along the first direction (X).

17. The battery module of claim 13, wherein, The exhaust component (123) is made of metal, and an insulating layer is provided on the outer surface of the exhaust component (123). The thickness of the layer to be reacted is greater than that of the insulating layer.

18. The battery module of claim 13, wherein, The reaction layer has multiple voids, which are connected to the exhaust channel (1234).

19. The battery module of claim 13, wherein, The battery module (120) also includes: A first end plate (1261) and a second end plate (1262) are clamped at both ends of the plurality of individual cells (121) along the first direction (X); one end of the venting component (123) is connected to the first end plate (1261) and the other end is connected to the second end plate (1262).

20. An energy storage device, comprising: Includes the battery module (120) as described in any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. An energy storage system characterized by, Includes the energy storage device (10) as described in claim 20.

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