Center conductor and surface mount circulator

Abstract

This utility model discloses a center conductor and a surface-mount circulator. The center conductor includes a large Y-branch and a small Y-branch, which are arranged alternately. Each of the large and small Y-branch lines has an outwardly protruding expansion structure. By incorporating expansion structures on the large and small Y-branch lines, this center conductor can add a first-order equivalent LC parallel resonant circuit without introducing additional lumped-parameter elements, thereby adjusting the impedance mismatch of the circulator and improving its broadband characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circulator technology, and more particularly to a center conductor and a surface-mount circulator. Background Technology

[0002] A circulator is a three-port device with unidirectional transmission and reverse isolation characteristics. In a system, it serves to directionally transmit signals and provide full-duplex transmission. It can be used in communication systems to isolate the received signal from the transmitted signal, allow shared transmission and reception, and protect cascaded power amplifier chips. For the 6GHz band, microstrip line circulators have been widely used due to their transmission method and manufacturing process characteristics. However, with the increasing demand for high power and high reliability in this band, surface-mount circulators capable of achieving stable and efficient circulation in the 6GHz band are becoming increasingly important.

[0003] As frequencies increase, circulators operating above the resonant field mode require a large external bias magnetic field, increasing design costs. Furthermore, multiple circulators operating at a certain distance can attract each other, ultimately causing product failure. Therefore, 6GHz circulators operate in a below-resonant field mode. Currently, most surface-mount circulators use a transmission line configuration where an internal stripline center conductor is cascaded with an external, suspended coaxial core perpendicular to ground. At higher frequencies, the parasitic capacitance at the cascade points of the surface-mount circulator transmission lines gradually decreases, leading to impedance mismatch at the circulator ports. Since the permeability of ferrite is more sensitive to changes in below-resonant field mode, impedance mismatch is more severe in below-resonant field mode circulators. Moreover, traditional uniform stripline transmission line structures can only provide a single-mode field distribution, lacking the flexibility to adjust the electromagnetic field within the circulator's ferrite substrate, resulting in poor broadband characteristics. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a center conductor that can adjust the impedance mismatch of a circulator and improve the bandwidth characteristics of the circulator, and a surface-mount circulator having the center conductor.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model first provides a technical solution involving a central conductor: the central conductor includes a large Y branch line and a small Y branch line, which are arranged alternately; the large Y branch line and the small Y branch line are respectively provided with an outwardly protruding expansion structure.

[0006] Furthermore, the enlarged structure includes a transition section and a gradual section connected together, with the gradual section connected to the end of the transition section, and the width of the gradual section gradually decreasing from one end near the transition section to the other end.

[0007] Furthermore, the ends of the large Y branch line and / or small Y branch line are provided with short capacitive transmission lines extending to both sides.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the three ends of the large Y branch line is provided with a connection hole.

[0009] This utility model also provides a technical solution relating to a surface-mount circulator: including a housing and, installed inside the housing, a compensation plate, a permanent magnet, an iron sheet, an upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate, the aforementioned center conductor, a lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate, and a dielectric ferrule assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, the media ferrule assembly includes a connector and three pins disposed on the connector, with the ends of the large Y branch line respectively engaging with the three pins.

[0011] Furthermore, the housing includes a base and a top cover. The base includes a bottom plate and a surrounding wall extending from the edge of the bottom plate. The surrounding wall has an opening for the end of the large Y branch line to extend out. The upper part of the surrounding wall has a protrusion, and the top cover has a mating position that mates with the protrusion.

[0012] Furthermore, the compensation piece is a silver-plated copper sheet.

[0013] Furthermore, the permanent magnet is made of samarium cobalt magnet material.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface of the iron sheet is plated with silver.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By setting an expansion structure on the large Y branch line and the small Y branch line, the central conductor can add a first-order equivalent LC parallel resonant circuit without introducing additional lumped parameter elements, thereby adjusting the impedance mismatch phenomenon of the circulator and improving its broadband characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the surface-mount circulator according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the surface-mount circulator according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central conductor in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the current lines of the central conductor in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is the equivalent circuit diagram of the central conductor in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 6This is a diagram showing the electromagnetic field distribution of the central conductor in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a waveform diagram of the working data of the surface-mount circulator according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central conductor in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0024] Label Explanation:

[0025] 11. Large Y-branch line; 111. Connecting hole;

[0026] 12. Small Y-branch line;

[0027] 13. Enlarged structure; 131. Abrupt transition section; 132. Gradual transition section;

[0028] 14. Capacitive short transmission line;

[0029] 2. Shell; 21. Base; 211. Base plate; 212. Enclosure; 2121. Opening; 213. Protrusion; 22. Top cover; 221. Mating position;

[0030] 3. Compensation plate;

[0031] 4. Permanent magnet;

[0032] 5. Iron sheet;

[0033] 6. Apply ceramic ring ferrite substrate;

[0034] 7. Lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate;

[0035] 8. Media ferrule assembly; 81. Connector; 82. Pin. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 3 The central conductor includes a large Y branch line 11 and a small Y branch line 12, which are arranged at intervals. The large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12 are respectively provided with an outwardly protruding expansion structure 13.

[0038] As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by setting an enlarged structure 13 on the large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12, the central conductor can add a first-order equivalent LC parallel resonant circuit without introducing additional lumped parameter elements, adjust the impedance mismatch phenomenon of the circulator, and improve its broadband characteristics.

[0039] For further details, please refer to Figure 3 The enlarged structure 13 includes a jump portion 131 and a gradual portion 132 connected together. The gradual portion 132 is connected to the end of the jump portion 131, and the width of the gradual portion 132 gradually decreases from one end near the jump portion 131 to the other end.

[0040] As described above, the switching section 131 can be equivalent to an inductor in series. By analyzing its equivalent circuit, the switching section 131 can be used to change the center frequency of the circulator. The tapering section 132 is equivalent to connecting a capacitor in parallel at the size switching point of the strip. Adding the tapering section 132 can improve the situation of reduced parasitic capacitance at the cascade.

[0041] For further details, please refer to Figure 3 The three ends of the large Y branch line 11 are respectively provided with connection holes 111.

[0042] As described above, the center conductor can be plugged into the dielectric ferrule assembly 8 through the connection hole 111, which helps to reduce the assembly difficulty of the circulator and improve the assembly efficiency of the circulator.

[0043] For further details, please refer to Figure 8 The ends of the large Y branch line 11 and / or the small Y branch line 12 are provided with capacitive short transmission lines 14 extending to both sides.

[0044] As can be seen from the above description, the capacitive short transmission line 14 can improve the impedance matching of the double Y junction of the center conductor.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The surface-mount circulator includes a housing 2 and, installed inside the housing 2, a compensation plate 3, a permanent magnet 4, an iron plate 5, an upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6, the aforementioned center conductor, a lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7, and a dielectric ferrule assembly 8, arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0046] As can be seen from the above description, the surface-mount circulator has a tight structure, excellent electrical performance, and superior power characteristics, and can be widely used in the 6GHz frequency band.

[0047] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The media ferrule assembly 8 includes a connector 81 and three pins 82 disposed on the connector 81. The ends of the large Y branch line 11 are respectively inserted and engaged with the three pins 82.

[0048] As can be seen from the above description, the connection between the dielectric ferrule assembly 8 and the center conductor is simple and easy to assemble.

[0049] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The housing 2 includes a base 21 and a top cover 22. The base 21 includes a bottom plate 211 and a surrounding wall 212 extending from the edge of the bottom plate 211. The surrounding wall 212 has an opening 2121 for the end of the large Y branch line 11 to extend out. The upper part of the surrounding wall 212 has a protrusion 213, and the top cover 22 has a mating position 221 that mates with the protrusion 213.

[0050] As can be seen from the above description, the assembly method of the housing 2 is simple, which is conducive to improving the assembly efficiency of the circulator.

[0051] Furthermore, compensation piece 3 is a silver-plated copper sheet.

[0052] As can be seen from the above description, since copper itself is not affected by magnetic fields, placing silver-plated copper sheets on the upper surface of permanent magnet 4 can reduce the overall magnetic flux of the surface-mounted circulator and make the sub-resonant field mode of the surface-mounted circulator more stable.

[0053] Furthermore, permanent magnet 4 is made of samarium cobalt magnet material.

[0054] Furthermore, samarium cobalt magnetic materials can maintain their magnetism at both high and low temperatures, and have excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.

[0055] Furthermore, the surface of iron sheet 5 is silver-plated.

[0056] As described above, silver plating on the surface of iron sheet 5 can increase the distributed capacitance inside the surface-mount circulator, thereby compensating for the capacitance of the overall equivalent circuit.

[0057] Embodiment 1 of this utility model is as follows: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The surface-mount circulator includes a housing 2 and, installed inside the housing 2, a compensation plate 3, a permanent magnet 4, an iron plate 5, an upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6, a center conductor, a lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7, and a dielectric ferrule assembly 8, arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the dielectric ferrule assembly 8 includes a connector 81 and three pins 82 disposed on the connector 81. The connector 81 is made of insulating material. Each pin 82 includes an insertion portion and a limiting portion connected together. The maximum width of the insertion portion is smaller than the maximum width of the limiting portion. The connector 81 has a through hole for the insertion portion to pass through, and the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the maximum width of the limiting portion. The center conductor includes a large Y branch line 11 and a small Y branch line 12, which are arranged alternately. Each of the three ends of the large Y branch line 11 has a connecting hole 111, which corresponds to a pin 82. The large Y branch line 11 is inserted into the pin 82 through the connecting hole 111 to form an electrical connection.

[0059] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the housing 2 includes a base 21 and a top cover 22. The base 21 includes a bottom plate 211 and a surrounding wall 212 extending from the edge of the bottom plate 211. The surrounding wall 212 has an opening 2121 for the end of the large Y branch line 11 to extend out. A protrusion 213 is provided on the upper part of the surrounding wall 212, and a mating position 221 that mates with the protrusion 213 is provided on the top cover 22. In this embodiment, the mating position 221 is formed by a notch in the top cover 22, and the protrusion 213 is inserted into and press-fitted with the mating position 221. In other embodiments, it is also feasible to snap, rivet, or connect the protrusion 213 and the mating position 221 together with screws.

[0060] The compensation piece 3 is a silver-plated copper sheet. Since copper itself is not affected by magnetic fields, embedding the silver-plated copper sheet on the upper surface of the permanent magnet 4 inside the housing 2 of this surface-mount circulator can reduce the overall magnetic flux of the surface-mount circulator and make the sub-resonant field mode of this surface-mount circulator more stable.

[0061] The permanent magnet 4 is made of samarium cobalt magnet, with a maximum magnetic energy product of 70~210 MGOe. The surface of the iron sheet 5 is silver-plated.

[0062] Both the upper surface of the upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6 and the lower surface of the lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7 are screen-printed with silver paste, with a thickness of 5-10 μm. The dielectric constant of the ceramic rings on the upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6 and the lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7 is 10-20, and the saturation magnetization of the ferrite on the upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6 and the lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7 is 1200-1950 Gs. The thickness of the ferrite on the upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6 and the lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7 is 0.8-1.3 mm, respectively. By using ferrite with ceramic rings and printing silver paste on the entire upper surface of the upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate 6 and the lower surface of the lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate 7, a certain distributed capacitance can be created within the entire transmission line structure, thereby compensating for the capacitance of the overall equivalent circuit.

[0063] like Figure 3As shown, the large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12 are each provided with an outwardly protruding bulging structure 13. The bulging structure 13 includes a connected transition section 131 and a gradual transition section 132. The gradual transition section 132 is connected to the end of the transition section 131, and the width of the gradual transition section 132 gradually decreases from one end near the transition section 131 to the other end. Specifically, the bulging structure 13 is provided on all three strips of the large Y branch line 11 and all three strips of the small Y branch line 12. The bulging structure 13 on the large Y branch line 11 is located at the end of the strip near the center of the large Y branch line 11, and the bulging structure 13 on the small Y branch line 12 is located at the end of the strip near the center of the small Y branch line 12. The gradual transition section 132 is connected to the end of the transition section 131 near the outer side. The ratio of the width of the strip of the large Y branch line 11 to the width of the transition section 131 on the large Y branch line 11 is 50-80%, and the ratio of the width of the strip of the small Y branch line 12 to the width of the transition section 131 on the small Y branch line 12 is 50-80%. The transition section 132 is fan-shaped.

[0064] The switching section 131 can be equivalent to an inductor in series. By analyzing its equivalent circuit, the switching section 131 can be used to change the center frequency of the circulator. The tapering section 132 is equivalent to connecting a capacitor in parallel at the size transition point of the strip. Adding the tapering section 132 can improve the reduction of parasitic capacitance at the cascade. The current line of the center conductor in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the equivalent circuit diagram is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the electromagnetic field distribution is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0065] The operating data waveform of the surface-mount circulator in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, by Figure 7 It can be seen that the surface-mount circulator in this embodiment has a high impedance matching degree and excellent broadband characteristics.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 8 Embodiment 2 of this utility model is a further improvement on the central conductor based on Embodiment 1. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that capacitive short transmission lines 14 extending to both sides are provided on the large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12, respectively. An enlarged structure 13 is provided inside the capacitive short transmission lines 14 on the large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12, and a gradient portion 132 is connected to the end of the transition portion 131 away from the capacitive short transmission line 14. It is easily understood that adding capacitive short transmission lines 14 to the ends of the large Y branch line 11 and the small Y branch line 12 can improve the impedance matching of the double Y junction of the central conductor.

[0067] In summary, the surface-mount circulator and center conductor provided by this utility model, by setting an enlarged structure on the large Y branch line and the small Y branch line, can add a first-order equivalent LC parallel resonant circuit without introducing additional lumped parameter elements, thereby adjusting the impedance mismatch phenomenon of the circulator and improving its broadband characteristics.

[0068] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A center conductor comprising a large Y leg and a small Y leg connected together, said large Y leg and said small Y leg sharing a common center point; characterized in that, The large Y-branch line and the small Y-branch line are respectively provided with an outwardly protruding bulge structure.

2. The center conductor of claim 1, wherein, The enlarged structure includes a transition section and a gradual section, the gradual section being connected to the end of the transition section, and the width of the gradual section gradually decreasing from one end near the transition section to the other end.

3. The center conductor of claim 1, wherein, The large Y branch line and / or the small Y branch line are respectively provided with capacitive short transmission lines extending to both sides.

4. The center conductor of claim 1, wherein, The three ends of the large Y branch line are respectively provided with connection holes.

5. A surface mount circulator characterized by, It includes a housing and, installed inside the housing, a compensation plate, a permanent magnet, an iron sheet, an upper ceramic ring ferrite substrate, a center conductor as described in any one of claims 1-4, a lower ceramic ring ferrite substrate, and a dielectric ferrule assembly arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

6. The surface mount circulator of claim 5, wherein, The media ferrule assembly includes a connector and three pins disposed on the connector, and the three ends of the large Y branch line are respectively inserted into the three pins.

7. The surface mount circulator of claim 5, wherein, The housing includes a base and a top cover. The base includes a bottom plate and a surrounding wall extending from the edge of the bottom plate. The surrounding wall has an opening for the end of the large Y branch line to extend out. The upper part of the surrounding wall has a protrusion, and the top cover has a mating position that mates with the protrusion.

8. The surface mount circulator of claim 5, wherein, The compensation piece is a silver-plated copper sheet.

9. The surface mount circulator of claim 5, wherein, The permanent magnet is made of samarium cobalt magnetic material.

10. The surface mount circulator of claim 5, wherein, The surface of the iron sheet is plated with silver.

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