Waveguide antenna and radar system

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of antenna technology and discloses a waveguide antenna and radar system. The waveguide antenna includes an antenna body, an antenna element, and a stepped structure. The antenna element has a feed inlet, a radiating port, and a waveguide cavity connecting the feed inlet and the radiating port, all disposed in the antenna body. The feed inlet extends along a first direction, and the radiating port extends along a second direction. The waveguide cavity intersects with the feed inlet to form a first intersection point, and the waveguide cavity intersects with the radiating port to form a second intersection point. At least one of the first intersection point and the second intersection point is provided with a stepped structure. The waveguide antenna and radar system provided by this utility model can improve the gain degradation situation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a waveguide antenna and radar system. Background Technology

[0002] In modern communications, radar and other fields, waveguide antennas are widely used because of their advantages such as high power capacity, low loss and good directivity.

[0003] In related technologies, waveguide antennas have a waveguide cavity. The waveguide cavity forms a feed inlet on one surface and a radiating outlet on the other. Energy is input into the waveguide cavity through the feed inlet and then radiated into the air through the radiating outlet. The feed inlet and radiating outlet are typically located on two surfaces of the waveguide antenna. The channel formed by the feed inlet, waveguide cavity, and radiating outlet has multiple right-angle bends. This causes strong reflections at the bends when energy propagates through this channel, leading to a deterioration in the waveguide antenna's gain performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a waveguide antenna to solve the technical problem of severe gain degradation in the prior art.

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a radar system with high reliability.

[0006] Based on the above concept, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0007] Waveguide antenna, including:

[0008] Antenna body;

[0009] An antenna element having a feed inlet, a radiating port, and a waveguide cavity communicating between the feed inlet and the radiating port, wherein the feed inlet extends along a first direction and the radiating port extends along a second direction;

[0010] The waveguide cavity intersects with the feed inlet to form a first intersection, and the waveguide cavity intersects with the radiation port to form a second intersection, wherein at least one of the first intersection and the second intersection is provided with the stepped structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the antenna body includes a first body and a second body that are connected to each other; a first stepped structure is provided at the first intersection, and the first stepped structure is disposed on the second body.

[0012] In one embodiment, a first groove is provided on the surface of the first body facing the second body, and a second groove is provided on the surface of the second body facing the second body. The first groove and the second groove cooperate to form the waveguide cavity; the first stepped structure is provided on the sidewall and / or bottom wall of the second groove.

[0013] In one embodiment, the dimension of the first stepped structure in the thickness direction of the second body is L1, and the thickness of the second body is H1, satisfying the relationship: 0.3≤L1 / H1≤0.6.

[0014] In one embodiment, the antenna body includes a first body and a second body that are connected to each other; a second stepped structure is provided at the second intersection, and the second stepped structure is disposed on the first body.

[0015] In one embodiment, a first groove is provided on the surface of the first body facing the second body, and a second groove is provided on the surface of the second body facing the second body. The first groove and the second groove cooperate to form the waveguide cavity; the second stepped structure is provided on the sidewall and / or bottom wall of the first groove.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second stepped structure has a dimension L2 in the thickness direction of the first body, and the thickness of the first body is H2, satisfying the relationship: 0.3≤L2 / H2≤0.6.

[0017] In one embodiment, the height direction of the stepped structure is the same as the thickness direction of the antenna body; or, the height direction of the stepped structure is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the antenna body.

[0018] In one embodiment, the waveguide cavity includes a power divider structure having multiple ends that extend in a third direction and are connected to the corresponding radiation port. Each end has a stepped structure at the intersection with the corresponding radiation port.

[0019] In one embodiment, the waveguide cavity includes a transmission channel, the transmission channel including a channel segment extending in a fourth direction, the channel segment intersecting the feed inlet and forming the first intersection.

[0020] In one embodiment, the corners of the stepped structure are right-angled, rounded, or chamfered.

[0021] In one embodiment, the stepped structure includes multiple steps.

[0022] In one embodiment, the stepped structure is provided at the corner of the waveguide cavity.

[0023] Radar system, including the waveguide antenna as described above.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0025] When a stepped structure is provided at the first intersection, the reflection environment at the first intersection is affected and improved by the stepped structure, thereby reducing the reflection intensity of the energy output from the feed inlet to the waveguide cavity to a certain extent. This ensures that the energy transmitted to the waveguide cavity does not change significantly, thus guaranteeing that the gain of the waveguide antenna does not decrease significantly. When a stepped structure is provided at the second intersection, the reflection environment at the second intersection is affected and improved by the stepped structure, thereby reducing the reflection intensity of the energy output from the waveguide cavity to the radiation port to a certain extent. This ensures that the energy transmitted to the radiation port does not change significantly, thus guaranteeing that the gain of the waveguide antenna does not decrease significantly. When stepped structures are provided at both the first and second intersections, the overall reflection intensity of the waveguide antenna can be weakened, thus preventing the energy difference between the feed inlet and the radiation port from becoming too large. This further improves the gain of the waveguide antenna and reduces the risk of gain degradation.

[0026] The radar system provided has high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of this application and these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of a waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a side view of another waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a side view of yet another waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of a waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first body and the second body of the waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of this application when they are separated;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second body provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first body provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a top view of another waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 10 This application Figure 9 The shown is a CC section view;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a bottom view of a waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 12 This application Figure 11 The DD section view shown;

[0040] Figure 13 This application Figure 11 The EE section view shown;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of S11 of a waveguide antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a comparison diagram of the radiation pattern of a waveguide antenna provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0043] In the picture:

[0044] 1. Antenna body; 11. First body; 111. First groove; 1111. First sub-slot; 1112. Second sub-slot; 12. Second body; 121. Second groove; 1211. Third sub-slot; 1212. Fourth sub-slot;

[0045] 2. Antenna element; 21. Feed entrance; 22. Radiation port; 23. Waveguide cavity; 231. Power divider structure; 2311. Head end; 2312. End end; 2313. Second corner region; 232. Transmission channel; 2321. First corner region; 2322. Channel segment;

[0046] 3. First-tier structure; 4. Second-tier structure;

[0047] X1, first direction; X2, second direction; X3, third direction; X4, fourth direction. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical problems solved by this application, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0049] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in one embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0050] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0051] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" specifically refers to two or more.

[0053] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0054] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it can be located in between the component.

[0055] The technical solution of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0056] This embodiment provides a waveguide antenna that has high bandwidth and gain, and its overall performance is effectively improved.

[0057] For example, such as Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the waveguide antenna includes an antenna body, antenna elements disposed on the antenna body, and a stepped structure. The stepped structure is used to change the impedance distribution of the overall antenna element structure and improve the surrounding reflection environment, thereby achieving the purpose of matching and improving the performance of the waveguide antenna.

[0058] Optionally, the antenna body can be made of metal or other materials, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, antenna element 2 has a feed inlet 21, a radiating port 22, and a waveguide cavity 23 connecting the feed inlet 21 and the radiating port 22. The feed inlet 21, the radiating port 22, and the waveguide cavity 23 are all disposed on the antenna body 1. It should be noted that the feed inlet 21 in this embodiment can be understood as a hole structure or a channel, which is an opening with a certain length. Similarly, the radiating port 22 can be understood as a hole structure or a channel, which is an opening with a certain length.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, the end face of the feed port 21 and the end face of the radiation port 22 are both disposed on the outer surface of the antenna body 1.

[0061] In one embodiment, the surface where the end face of the feed inlet 21 is located and the surface where the end face of the radiation port 22 is located can be the same plane.

[0062] In other embodiments, the surface where the end face of the feed inlet 21 is located and the surface where the end face of the radiation port 22 is located can be two adjacent surfaces.

[0063] In other embodiments, the surface containing the end face of the feed inlet 21 and the surface containing the end face of the radiation port 22 can be two opposing surfaces. This embodiment does not limit the specific locations of the end faces of the feed inlet 21 and the radiation port 22.

[0064] In this embodiment, the surface where the feed inlet 21 is located is opposite to the surface where the radiation port 22 is located.

[0065] In this embodiment, the waveguide cavity 23 is located inside the antenna body 1, and the specific shape and composition of the waveguide cavity 23 can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements.

[0066] In this embodiment, the feed inlet 21 extends along the first direction X1, and the radiation port 22 extends along the second direction X2. The waveguide cavity 23 intersects with the feed inlet 21 to form a first intersection, and the waveguide cavity 23 intersects with the radiation port 22 to form a second intersection. At least one of the first intersection and the second intersection is provided with a stepped structure.

[0067] In one embodiment, the first direction X1 can be the thickness direction of the antenna body 1. In other embodiments, the first direction X1 can also be a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the antenna body 1. The specific direction can be selected according to requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this. For example, the first direction X1 can also be the length direction or the width direction of the antenna body 1.

[0068] In this embodiment, at least one of the first intersection and the second intersection is provided with a stepped structure. The specific arrangement of the stepped structure can be flexibly set according to requirements, and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0069] It should be noted that a stepped structure can also be called a stepped structure, which can refer to a structure in which the dimensions of the structure change step by step in a certain direction.

[0070] In this embodiment, when a stepped structure is provided at the first intersection, the reflection environment at the first intersection is affected by the stepped structure and thus improved. This reduces the reflection intensity of the energy output from the feed inlet 21 to the waveguide cavity 23 to a certain extent, ensuring that the energy transmitted to the waveguide cavity 23 does not change significantly, thus guaranteeing that the gain of the waveguide antenna does not decrease significantly. When a stepped structure is provided at the second intersection, the reflection environment at the second intersection is affected by the stepped structure and thus improved. This reduces the reflection intensity of the energy output from the waveguide cavity 23 to the radiation port 22 to a certain extent, ensuring that the energy transmitted to the radiation port 22 does not change significantly, thus guaranteeing that the gain of the waveguide antenna does not decrease significantly. When stepped structures are provided at both the first and second intersections, the overall reflection intensity of the waveguide antenna can be weakened, thus preventing the energy difference between the feed inlet 21 and the radiation port 22 from becoming too large. This further improves the gain of the waveguide antenna and reduces the risk of gain degradation.

[0071] In at least one possible implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna body 1 includes a first body 11 and a second body 12 connected to each other. The first body 11 may be plate-shaped, and the second body 12 may be plate-shaped, with the large surface of the first body 11 in contact with the large surface of the second body 12. The waveguide cavity 23 may be partially disposed on the first body 11 and partially disposed on the second body 12; or it may be entirely disposed on either the first body 11 or the second body 12. The end face of the feed inlet 21 may be disposed on the surface of the first body 11 and / or the surface of the second body 12, and the end face of the radiation port 22 may be disposed on the surface of the first body 11 and / or the surface of the second body 12; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0072] In some alternative embodiments, please combine Figure 2 and Figure 7 A first stepped structure 3 is provided at the first intersection point; that is, the stepped structure located at the first intersection point is called the first stepped structure 3. The first stepped structure 3 is provided on the second body 12, which facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the first stepped structure 3 and reduces the processing difficulty of the antenna element 2.

[0073] In this embodiment, a second stepped structure 4 is provided at the second intersection point; that is, the stepped structure located at the second intersection point is referred to as the second stepped structure 4. The second stepped structure 4 is provided on the first body 11, which facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the second stepped structure 4 and reduces the processing difficulty of the antenna element 2.

[0074] In some embodiments, the structural parameters of the stepped structure can affect the impedance distribution and effectively adjust the operating frequency range within the waveguide cavity 23, thereby effectively widening the bandwidth. Furthermore, different structural parameters of the stepped structure result in varying degrees of improvement in the reflection environment. Therefore, in this embodiment, the desired bandwidth, gain, and other performance parameters can be obtained by adjusting the structural parameters of the stepped structure. These structural parameters include, but are not limited to, the height (or thickness), width, and number of steps in the stepped structure.

[0075] In this embodiment, the first stepped structure 3 is set on the second body 12, which can easily change the length, thickness, number and other characteristics of the first stepped structure 3, thereby accurately changing the impedance distribution in the waveguide cavity 23, so that the impedance matching between the antenna element 2 and the feed entrance 21 reaches the optimal state.

[0076] By setting the second step structure 4 on the first body 11, the length, thickness, number and other characteristics of the second step structure 4 can be easily changed, thereby precisely changing the impedance distribution in the waveguide cavity 23, so that the impedance matching between the antenna element 2 and the radiation port 22 reaches the optimal state.

[0077] In one embodiment, a portion of the waveguide cavity 23 is disposed in the first body 11, and another portion is disposed in the second body 12. For example, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, a first groove 111 is provided on the surface of the first body 11 facing the second body 12, and a second groove 121 is provided on the surface of the second body 12 facing the second body 12, which mates with the first groove 111. When the first body 11 and the second body 12 are connected, the first groove 111 and the second groove 121 cooperate to form a waveguide cavity 23. With this configuration, when forming the waveguide cavity 23, the first groove 111 is first machined on the first body 11, and then the second groove 121 is machined on the second body 12. After connecting the first body 11 and the second body 12, the first groove 111 and the second groove 121 communicate to form the waveguide cavity 23, reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the waveguide antenna.

[0078] Optionally, when the second body 12 is provided with the second groove 121, the first stepped structure 3 can be disposed in the second groove 121.

[0079] In some possible implementations, the first stepped structure 3 is disposed on the bottom wall of the second groove 121, that is, the first stepped structure 3 is connected to the bottom wall of the second groove 121. With this arrangement, the distance between the stepped surface of each stepped structure and the plane containing the feed inlet 21, as well as the distance between the bottom wall of the second groove 121 and the plane containing the feed inlet 21, are all different, resulting in multiple reflection states of energy transmitted to the first stepped structure 3, thus achieving the purpose of improving the reflection environment at the first intersection.

[0080] In other embodiments, the first stepped structure 3 can also be disposed on the groove sidewall of the second groove 121, that is, the first stepped structure 3 is connected to the groove sidewall of the second groove 121. In this way, the purpose of improving the reflection environment can also be achieved.

[0081] Of course, this is understandable. Figure 7 As shown, the first stepped structure 3 can also be connected to both the bottom wall of the second groove 121 and the side wall of the second groove 121, so that the connection strength between the first stepped structure 3 and the second body 12 is higher. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0082] Optionally, the height direction of the stepped structure can be the same as the thickness of the antenna body 1; or, the height direction of the stepped structure can be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the antenna body 1, which can be adjusted according to the requirements.

[0083] In at least one possible implementation, such as Figure 7 As shown, the height direction of the first stepped structure 3 can be the same as the thickness direction of the second body 12, and the thickness direction of the second body 12 is the same as the depth direction of the second groove 121. Therefore, the height direction of the first stepped structure 3 is the same as the depth direction of the second groove 121. In this way, the height of the first stepped structure 3 can be adjusted while using the depth of the second groove 121 as a reference. Furthermore, the area of ​​the stepped surface of the first stepped structure 3 can be designed to be relatively large, and the length and width of the first stepped structure 3 are also easy to adjust, meeting the needs of more application scenarios.

[0084] It is understandable that the height direction of the first step structure 3 can also be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the second body 12. The specific configuration can be flexibly set according to the requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0085] In some optional embodiments, the first stepped structure 3 has a dimension L1 in the thickness direction of the second body 12, and the thickness of the second body 12 is H1, wherein L1 and H1 satisfy: 0.3≤L1 / H1≤0.6. When L1 and H1 satisfy the relationship, the size of the first stepped structure 3 can improve the reflection environment without occupying a larger space in the second body 12, and thus will not affect the structural strength of the second body 12.

[0086] For example, the value of L1 / H1 can be 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, etc., but this embodiment does not limit it.

[0087] In at least one embodiment, the width of the first stepped structure 3 is the same as the width of the waveguide cavity 23.

[0088] Optionally, when the first body 11 is provided with the first groove 111, the second stepped structure 4 can be provided in the first groove 111.

[0089] In at least one embodiment, the second stepped structure 4 is disposed on the bottom wall of the first groove 111, that is, the second stepped structure 4 is connected to the bottom wall of the first groove 111. With this arrangement, the distance between the stepped surface of each stepped structure and the plane containing the radiation port 22, as well as the distance between the bottom wall of the first groove 111 and the plane containing the radiation port 22, are all different, resulting in multiple reflection states of energy transmitted to the second stepped structure 4, thus achieving the purpose of improving the reflection environment at the second intersection.

[0090] In other embodiments, the second stepped structure 4 can also be disposed on the groove sidewall of the first groove 111, that is, the second stepped structure 4 is connected to the groove sidewall of the first groove 111. In this way, the purpose of improving the reflection environment can also be achieved.

[0091] Of course, this is understandable. Figure 8 As shown, the second stepped structure 4 can also be connected to both the bottom wall of the first groove 111 and the side wall of the first groove 111, so that the connection strength between the second stepped structure 4 and the second body 12 is higher. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0092] In at least one possible implementation, such as Figure 8 As shown, the height direction of the second stepped structure 4 can be the same as the thickness direction of the first body 11, and the thickness direction of the first body 11 is the same as the depth direction of the first groove 111. Therefore, the height direction of the second stepped structure 4 is the same as the depth direction of the first groove 111. In this way, the height of the second stepped structure 4 can be adjusted while using the depth of the first groove 111 as a reference. Furthermore, the area of ​​the stepped surface of the second stepped structure 4 can be designed to be relatively large, and the length and width of the second stepped structure 4 are also easy to adjust, meeting the needs of more application scenarios.

[0093] It is understandable that the height direction of the second step structure 4 can also be perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first body 11. The specific configuration can be flexibly set according to the requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0094] In some optional embodiments, the second stepped structure 4 has a dimension L2 in the thickness direction of the first body 11, and the thickness of the first body 11 is H2, wherein L2 and H2 satisfy: 0.3≤L2 / H2≤0.6. When L2 and H2 satisfy the relationship, the size of the second stepped structure 4 can improve the reflection environment without occupying more space in the first body 11, and thus will not affect the structural strength of the first body 11.

[0095] For example, the value of L2 / H2 can be 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, etc., but this embodiment does not limit this value.

[0096] In at least one embodiment, the width of the second stepped structure 4 is the same as the width of the waveguide cavity 23.

[0097] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 9 and Figure 13 As shown, the waveguide cavity 23 includes a power divider structure 231. Wherein, as... Figure 6 As shown, the power divider structure 231 has a starting end 2311 and multiple ending ends 2312. The energy at the starting end 2311 is distributed to each ending end 2312 via the power divider structure 231, thereby distributing energy of different power levels to the radiation port 22. The size of the power divider structure 231 can be adjusted as needed. Figure 6 The power divider structure 231 shown is a one-to-five power divider structure 231, that is, the power divider structure 231 has 5 terminals.

[0098] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 Each end 2312 extends along a third direction X3, and a stepped structure is provided at the intersection of each end 2312 and the corresponding radiation port 22. That is, each end 2312 intersects with the corresponding radiation port 22 to form a second intersection. This arrangement allows the stepped structure to improve the impedance distribution and reflection environment at the intersection of the end 2312 and the radiation port 22, thereby reducing energy reflection to a certain extent, minimizing the change in energy transmitted to the radiation port 22, and preventing a significant decrease in gain. In this embodiment, each end 2312 extends along a third direction X3, and a second stepped structure 4 is provided at the intersection of each end 2312 and the corresponding radiation port 22.

[0099] In this embodiment, the second intersection can be understood as the area where the end 2312 connects with the radiation port 22, or as the corner where the end 2312 turns toward the radiation port 22.

[0100] In this embodiment, the intersection of the third direction X3 and the second direction X2 is not limited to an angle of 90° between them; the angle between the third direction X3 and the second direction X2 can also be less than 90°.

[0101] In at least one possible implementation, each antenna element 2 has a waveguide cavity 23, each waveguide cavity 23 has a power divider structure 231, and the extension directions of the plurality of ends 2312 of each power divider structure 231 are consistent. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, for multiple antenna elements 2, the extension direction of the end portion 2312 can be the same. In other embodiments, the extension directions of the end portions 2312 of multiple antenna elements 2 can also be different, and this embodiment does not limit this. Each end portion 2312 of antenna element 2 corresponds to a third direction X3, and it is not limited to the extension direction of the end portions 2312 of all antenna elements 2 being the same. Specifically, it can be flexibly adjusted.

[0102] Optionally, the waveguide cavity 23 includes a transmission channel 232, which is connected to the feed inlet 21 and the beginning end 2311 of the power divider structure 231, allowing energy to enter the transmission channel 232 from the feed inlet 21 and be transmitted to the beginning end 2311 of the power divider structure 231. The transmission channel 232 includes a channel segment 2322 extending along the fourth direction X4, which intersects with the feed inlet 21 to form a first intersection point, where a stepped structure is provided. Exemplarily, a first stepped structure 3 is provided at the intersection point of the channel segment 2322 and the feed inlet 21. In this embodiment, the first intersection point can be understood as the area where the channel segment 2322 connects to the feed inlet 21, or as the corner where the feed inlet 21 turns towards the channel segment 2322.

[0103] The intersection of the fourth direction X4 and the first direction X1 is not limited to an angle of 90° between them; the angle between the fourth direction X4 and the first direction X1 can also be less than 90°.

[0104] It should be noted that the transmission channel 232 including channel segment 2322 can be understood as either including only channel segment 2322, or including other segments in addition to channel segment 2322. The specific choice can be made according to requirements, and this embodiment does not limit this. This embodiment only limits the axial direction of channel segment 2322 to the fourth direction X4, and the axial direction of the end 2312 to the third direction X3. It does not limit the axial direction of other parts of the waveguide cavity 23, and can be flexibly set.

[0105] It should also be noted that the third direction X3 and the fourth direction X4 may be the same or different, and this embodiment does not limit this. The second direction X2 and the first direction X1 may be the same or different, and this embodiment does not limit this. The third direction X3 and the first direction X1 may be the same or different, and this embodiment does not limit this. The fourth direction X4 and the second direction X2 may be the same or different, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0106] In at least one possible implementation, each antenna element 2 has a waveguide cavity 23, each waveguide cavity 23 has a transmission channel 232, and each transmission channel 232 has a channel segment 2322. For multiple antenna elements 2, the extension direction of the channel segment 2322 can be the same. In other embodiments, the extension directions of the channel segments 2322 of multiple antenna elements 2 can also be different; this embodiment does not limit this. Each channel segment 2322 of the antenna element 2 corresponds to a fourth direction X4, but it is not limited to the extension direction of all channel segments 2322 of the antenna elements 2 being the same; it can be flexibly adjusted accordingly.

[0107] In at least one implementation, such as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the first groove 111 includes a first sub-groove 1111 and a second sub-groove 1112, and the second groove 121 includes a third sub-groove 1211 and a fourth sub-groove 1212. The first sub-groove 1111 and the third sub-groove 1211 cooperate to form a transmission channel 232, and the second sub-groove 1112 and the fourth sub-groove 1212 cooperate to form a splitter structure 231.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the shape of the transmission channel 232 can be set according to requirements. For example, the transmission channel 232 can be straight, curved, polygonal, U-shaped, etc. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0109] In at least one possible implementation, the waveguide antenna may include multiple antenna elements 2, each antenna element 2 may have a feed inlet 21 and multiple radiating ports 22. Each antenna element 2 has a waveguide cavity 23, and the shapes of the multiple waveguide cavities 23 may be the same or different. For example, the multiple waveguide cavities 23 may be arranged on the first body 11 in a staggered arrangement, a gap arrangement, or an array arrangement. The specific arrangement method can be flexibly selected according to the requirements, and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0110] For example, such as Figure 5 or Figure 9 As shown, the feed inlets 21 in this embodiment can be arranged in groups, and multiple feed inlets 21 in each group can be arranged at equal intervals in a certain direction. For example... Figure 9 As shown, multiple radiation ports 22 of a waveguide cavity 23 can be arranged at equal intervals in a certain direction. This embodiment does not limit the arrangement of the feed inlet 21 and the radiation ports 22.

[0111] In some optional embodiments, the corners of the stepped structure can be right angles. Specifically, the corners of the stepped structure can include the angle between the stepped surface and the side surface of the step, the angle between the stepped surface and the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity 23, and the angle between the side surface of the step and the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity 23.

[0112] In other embodiments, the corners of the stepped structure can also be rounded, chamfered, etc., and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0113] In some alternative embodiments, the stepped structure can be a multi-step stepped structure, that is, the stepped structure includes multiple steps. This configuration can significantly improve the reflection environment, thereby effectively increasing the gain of the waveguide antenna.

[0114] In other embodiments, the stepped structure can also be a single-step structure, that is, the stepped structure includes one step. This can also effectively improve the reflection environment.

[0115] In this embodiment, as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the waveguide cavity 23 may have one or more bends. To reduce strong energy reflection in the bends, in some optional embodiments, a stepped structure is provided at the corner of the waveguide cavity 23. By providing a stepped structure at the corner of the waveguide cavity 23, the reflection environment at the corner is changed by the stepped structure when energy is transferred to the corner of the waveguide cavity 23, and the impedance distribution is also improved, thereby improving the degree of energy reflection at the corner of the waveguide cavity 23, thus ensuring the matching S11, bandwidth, and gain performance of the waveguide antenna.

[0116] In at least one embodiment, when the waveguide cavity 23 includes a power divider structure 231 and a transmission channel 232, such as Figure 7 As shown, the corner of the transmission channel 232 is defined as the first corner region 2321, and the stepped structure set in the first corner region 2321 is defined as the third stepped structure (not shown in the figure). The corner of the power divider structure 231 is defined as the second corner region 2313, and the stepped structure set in the second corner region 2313 is defined as the fourth stepped structure (not shown in the figure).

[0117] It should be noted that the stepped surfaces of the third and fourth stepped structures are perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation when it reaches the corresponding corner, in order to reduce the intensity of energy reflection.

[0118] In at least one possible implementation, a third stepped structure is disposed on the inner wall of the transmission channel 232, and a fourth stepped structure is disposed on the inner wall of the power divider structure 231. When the waveguide cavity 23 is formed by the cooperation of the first groove 111 and the second groove 121, the third stepped structure is disposed on the first groove 111 and / or the second groove 121, and the fourth stepped structure is disposed on the first groove 111 and / or the second groove 121.

[0119] In this embodiment, the size relationship between the feed inlet 21 and the corresponding stepped structure can be set according to requirements. In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the stepped structure along the thickness direction of the antenna body 1 onto the plane where the feed inlet 21 is located is within the feed inlet 21. In other embodiments, the orthographic projection of the stepped structure along the thickness direction of the antenna body 1 onto the plane where the feed inlet 21 is located can also completely cover the feed inlet 21; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0120] The size relationship between the radiating port 22 and the corresponding stepped structure can be set according to requirements. In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the stepped structure along the thickness direction of the antenna body 1 onto the plane where the radiating port 22 is located is within the radiating port 22. In other embodiments, the orthographic projection of the stepped structure along the thickness direction of the antenna body 1 onto the plane where the radiating port 22 is located can also completely cover the radiating port 22; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0121] The waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment can optimize matching performance and broaden bandwidth by setting a stepped structure.

[0122] Among them, the optimized matching performance is mainly reflected in the fact that by adjusting the length, thickness and other parameters of each step of the stepped structure, the impedance distribution in the waveguide cavity 23 can be precisely changed, so that the impedance matching between the waveguide antenna and the transmission line reaches the best state, significantly reducing energy reflection and improving energy transmission efficiency.

[0123] The widening of bandwidth is mainly reflected in the fact that a reasonable design of the stepped structure can effectively adjust the operating frequency range within the waveguide cavity 23, thereby widening the bandwidth and enabling the waveguide cavity 23 to maintain good performance in a wider frequency range, meeting the needs of multi-band communication and broadband signal processing.

[0124] Furthermore, the waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment also has the advantage of simple structure. The performance of the waveguide antenna structure can be adjusted by simply adjusting the stepped structure on the antenna body 1, reducing the need for complex processing and modification of the entire waveguide cavity 23.

[0125] This embodiment also provides a radar system including the waveguide antenna described above, which has better gain performance.

[0126] To verify the impact of the stepped structure on the waveguide antenna performance, this embodiment provides the following simulation results. Figure 14 This is a comparison diagram of the S11 (reflection coefficient) of the waveguide antenna provided in this embodiment. Figure 14 The horizontal axis in the graph represents frequency, with the unit being Hz. Figure 14 The vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient, with units of dB. Figure 14 The solid line in the figure represents the reflection coefficient curve of the waveguide antenna when there is no first intersection. Figure 14The long dashed line in the middle represents the reflection coefficient curve when there is no stepped structure at the first intersection and a stepped structure is provided at the second intersection. Figure 14 The short dashed line in the figure represents the reflection coefficient curve when a stepped structure is set at the first intersection and no stepped structure is set at the second intersection. Figure 14 The dotted line in the figure represents the reflection coefficient curve when both the first and second intersections are equipped with stepped structures.

[0127] from Figure 14 As can be seen, when the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23 are on the same line (i.e., there is no corner, no first intersection), there is almost no strong reflection of energy from the feed inlet 21 to the waveguide cavity 23, and the overall reflection coefficient S11 and bandwidth are relatively good. When there is a 90° corner between the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23 and no stepped structure is provided (i.e., no stepped structure is provided at the first intersection), the impedance will change significantly when energy enters the waveguide cavity 23 from the feed inlet 21, and a relatively strong reflection will occur at the first intersection (i.e., the corner). This will cause some energy to be reflected back to the feed inlet 21, reducing the energy transmitted to the radiation port 22, and consequently reducing the overall gain of the waveguide antenna. Figure 14 As shown, after a 90° bend, the overall impedance S11 deteriorates, only falling below -10dB within the 74GHz to 75GHz range, with a bandwidth of only about 1GHz. When a stepped structure is placed at the first intersection, adjusting the thickness, length, and other parameters of the stepped structure can effectively change the impedance distribution at the bend. Furthermore, the dimensions of the stepped structure can effectively adjust the operating frequency range within the waveguide cavity 23, effectively widening the bandwidth. Simultaneously, the reflection environment at the bend is improved, resulting in less energy reflection and minimal change in the energy transmitted to the radiating port 22. The gain also does not decrease significantly, ultimately allowing the waveguide antenna performance to reach the level of when there is no bend between the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23. Figure 14 As shown, after adding a stepped structure at the first intersection, the overall S11 curve can be adjusted to a state without corners. Its S11 is less than -10dB in the frequency ranges of 70GHz to 72GHz and 73GHz to 78.5GHz, and even at the deepest resonant frequency, S11 can reach a level close to -30dB. Furthermore, from... Figure 14 It can also be seen that the stepped structure at the first intersection has a significant impact on the S11 reflection coefficient. When there is no stepped structure at the first intersection but a stepped structure at the second intersection, the S11 coefficient deteriorates significantly; when there is a stepped structure at the first intersection but no stepped structure at the second intersection, the S11 coefficient is relatively unaffected; when stepped structures are provided at both the first and second intersections, the S11 coefficient is the best, which is closer to the case where there is no 90° bend between the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23.

[0128] Figure 15 A comparison of the radiation patterns of four waveguide antennas with different structures provided in this embodiment. Figure 15 The horizontal axis represents the observation angle in degrees, and the vertical axis represents the gain value in dB. Figure 15 The solid line in the diagram represents the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna when there is no first intersection. Figure 15 The long dashed line in the diagram represents the direction diagram when there is no stepped structure at the first intersection and a stepped structure is provided at the second intersection. Figure 15 The short dashed line in the diagram represents the direction diagram when a stepped structure is set at the first intersection and no stepped structure is set at the second intersection. Figure 15 The dotted line in the diagram represents the direction diagram when both the first and second intersections have stepped structures.

[0129] from Figure 15 As can be seen, when the feed inlet 21 and waveguide cavity 23 are on the same line (i.e., without a corner), the 0-degree gain of the waveguide antenna is also relatively the highest. When there is a 90° corner between the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23 and no stepped structure is set, the gain of the waveguide antenna also decreases by nearly 1dB overall. When a stepped structure is set at the first intersection, the 0° gain of the waveguide antenna increases by nearly 1dB, reaching the gain level of the case without a corner. It can be seen that compared with the case without a stepped structure at the first intersection, S11, bandwidth, and antenna gain are all improved. The shape of the radiation pattern of the waveguide antenna before and after adding the stepped structure does not change much. When no stepped structure is added at the first intersection, the gain of the waveguide antenna decreases overall, while the presence or absence of a stepped structure at the second intersection has little impact on the gain of the waveguide antenna. When stepped structures are set at both the first and second intersections, the gain of the waveguide antenna is closer to the case where there is no 90° corner between the feed inlet 21 and the waveguide cavity 23.

[0130] In summary, the stepped structure near the feed inlet 21 can significantly affect the S11 reflection coefficient of the antenna and the gain of the waveguide antenna. The stepped structure near the radiating port 22 will also have some influence, but it is not as significant as that of the feed inlet 21. The combined use of the two can better adjust the S11 parameters and the gain of the waveguide antenna.

[0131] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, although the utility model has been described in detail through the above embodiments, it is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the inventive concept, and the scope of this utility model is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna, characterized by include: Antenna body; An antenna element having a feed inlet, a radiating port, and a waveguide cavity communicating between the feed inlet and the radiating port, wherein the feed inlet extends along a first direction and the radiating port extends along a second direction; The waveguide cavity intersects with the feed inlet to form a first intersection, and the waveguide cavity intersects with the radiation port to form a second intersection, wherein at least one of the first intersection and the second intersection is provided with the stepped structure.

2. The waveguide antenna of claim 1, wherein, The antenna body includes a first body and a second body that are connected to each other; a first stepped structure is provided at the first intersection point, and the first stepped structure is provided on the second body.

3. The waveguide antenna of claim 2, wherein, The first body has a first groove on the surface facing the second body, and the second body has a second groove on the surface facing the second body. The first groove and the second groove cooperate to form the waveguide cavity. The first stepped structure is disposed on the side wall and / or bottom wall of the second groove.

4. The waveguide antenna of claim 2, wherein, The dimension of the first stepped structure in the thickness direction of the second body is L1, and the thickness of the second body is H1, satisfying the relationship: 0.3≤L1 / H1≤0.

6.

5. The waveguide antenna of claim 1, wherein, The antenna body includes a first body and a second body that are connected to each other; a second stepped structure is provided at the second intersection point, and the second stepped structure is provided on the first body.

6. The waveguide antenna of claim 5, wherein, The first body has a first groove on the surface facing the second body, and the second body has a second groove on the surface facing the second body. The first groove and the second groove cooperate to form the waveguide cavity; the second stepped structure is disposed on the side wall and / or bottom wall of the first groove.

7. The waveguide antenna of claim 5, wherein, The second stepped structure has a dimension L2 in the thickness direction of the first body, and the thickness of the first body is H2, satisfying the relationship: 0.3≤L2 / H2≤0.

6.

8. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The height direction of the stepped structure is the same as the thickness direction of the antenna body; or, the height direction of the stepped structure is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the antenna body.

9. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The waveguide cavity includes a power divider structure with multiple ends. The ends extend in a third direction and are connected to the corresponding radiation port. A stepped structure is provided at the intersection of each end and the corresponding radiation port.

10. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The waveguide cavity includes a transmission channel, which includes a channel segment extending along a fourth direction, and the channel segment intersects with the feed inlet to form the first intersection.

11. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The corners of the stepped structure can be right-angled, rounded, or chamfered.

12. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The stepped structure includes multiple steps.

13. The waveguide antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The stepped structure is provided at the corner of the waveguide cavity.

14. A radar system characterized by, Including the waveguide antenna as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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