An improved short-circuit protection circuit

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of short-circuit protection technology and discloses an improved short-circuit protection circuit, including a battery, a sampling device, a current amplification module, a discharge control module, a load, a comparator trigger module, and a main control chip. The battery is electrically connected to the sampling device, the sampling device is electrically connected to the current amplification module, the current amplification module is electrically connected to the amplification control module, the amplification control module is electrically connected to the load, the sampling device is electrically connected to the comparator trigger module, the comparator trigger module is electrically connected to the main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the discharge control module. In this utility model, the circuit design avoids the temperature drift caused by temperature rise in the MOS internal resistance and solves the unreasonable problem of power-on malfunction caused by resistive load in the original circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of short circuit protection technology, and in particular to an improved short circuit protection circuit. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as power systems, electric vehicles, and industrial equipment, the output current of batteries can reach hundreds or even thousands of amperes. When a short circuit occurs, the energy release is violent, and the breaking capacity of traditional solutions is insufficient, which may cause explosions or fires. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an improved short-circuit protection circuit.

[0003] A search revealed Chinese Patent Publication No. CN208158091U, which discloses a short-circuit protection circuit. This circuit includes a rectifier module, a processor module, a transformer module, a feedback module, and a voltage regulator module. The output of the rectifier module is connected to the input of both the processor module and the voltage regulator module. The output of the processor module is connected to the input of the transformer module, the output of the transformer module is connected to the input of the feedback module, and the output of the feedback module is connected to the input of the processor module. This short-circuit circuit is simple, requiring minimal additional circuitry and utilizing the built-in functions of the IC. This allows for the widespread adoption of auxiliary power supply circuits within the L6599 architecture. Eliminating the need for a startup resistor reduces losses and significantly shortens the power supply's startup time.

[0004] The above-mentioned utility model has a simple short-circuit circuit that does not require many additional circuits. It uses the built-in functions of the IC itself, which can reduce losses and power supply startup time. However, in actual use, the above device may experience malfunctions due to sampling deviations, caused by resistive loads at the load end before discharge. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the above deficiencies, this utility model provides an improved short-circuit protection circuit, which aims to improve the problem that the on-resistance of the battery reverse connection protection MOSEFT in the prior art changes due to temperature rise, causing sampling deviation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: an improved short-circuit protection circuit, comprising a battery, a sampling device, a current amplification module, a discharge control module, a load, a comparator trigger module, and a main control chip. The battery is electrically connected to the sampling device, the sampling device is electrically connected to the current amplification module, the current amplification module is electrically connected to the amplification control module, the amplification control module is electrically connected to the load, the sampling device is electrically connected to the comparator trigger module, the comparator trigger module is electrically connected to the main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the discharge control module.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, this improved circuit, through reasonable circuit design and component coordination, can effectively avoid the impact of MOS internal resistance temperature drift on short-circuit protection, ensuring the accuracy and stability of short-circuit protection.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The sampling device is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The sampling device includes a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The operational amplifier has a resistor and a capacitor, forming a differential amplifier circuit.

[0009] By rationally setting the resistance and capacitance parameters in the differential amplifier circuit, the performance of the circuit can be optimized, thereby more accurately measuring and reflecting the true situation of the battery discharge current. This enables high-precision acquisition, amplification, and anti-interference processing of the battery discharge circuit current, providing a reliable signal foundation for subsequent short-circuit protection control.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: The comparator triggering component includes a comparator, the output of which is electrically connected to the input of the main control chip via a pull-up resistor.

[0011] Through the above technical solution: after receiving the signal triggered by the comparator, the main control chip analyzes and processes it according to the preset program and logic, and then sends control commands to the discharge control module to determine whether and how to supply power to the load.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: The discharge control module is provided with a drive circuit, which includes a transistor, and the control terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the main control chip.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, after receiving the control signal from the main control chip, the transistor can quickly change its conduction state. If the transistor is in the conduction state, it will quickly turn off, thereby cutting off the discharge circuit between the battery and the load, avoiding continuous damage to the circuit from the short-circuit current, and minimizing the impact of the short-circuit fault on the circuit components.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: A diode is connected between the input terminal of the discharge control module and the battery.

[0015] The above technical solution allows the diode's unidirectional conductivity to protect circuit components, while the filter circuit removes noise and interference from the signal, ensuring stable circuit operation.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution: A filter circuit is provided between the battery and the load, and the filter circuit consists of resistors and capacitors.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the capacitor in the filter circuit has the characteristics of storing and releasing charge, and its combination with the resistor can provide a more stable power supply to the load, improving the load's working stability and reliability.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution: The output terminal of the main control chip is connected to the control terminal of the discharge control module.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the main control chip can quickly send control signals to cut off the discharge circuit, preventing the short-circuit current from causing further damage to the circuit. This rapid response capability can effectively protect the safety of the circuit and equipment.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution: The input terminal of the discharge control module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the output terminal of the discharge control module is connected to a load.

[0021] The above technical solution can quickly cut off the short-circuit current and protect the circuit safety. This circuit achieves high efficiency, accuracy and intelligence in short-circuit protection. Furthermore, the discharge control module can isolate the battery from the load to avoid the risk of direct short circuit.

[0022] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this utility model, the circuit design can avoid the temperature drift caused by the temperature rise of the MOS internal resistance, and at the same time solve the unreasonable problem of power-on malfunction caused by resistive load in the original circuit.

[0023] 2. In this utility model, through the coordinated control of multiple modules, rapid response, precise control and system-level protection for short-circuit faults are achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the system structure of an improved short-circuit protection circuit proposed in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of an improved short-circuit protection circuit proposed in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment of an improved short-circuit protection circuit, comprising a battery, a sampling device, a current amplification module, a discharge control module, a load, a comparator trigger module, and a main control chip. The battery is electrically connected to the sampling device, the sampling device is electrically connected to the current amplification module, the current amplification module is electrically connected to the amplification control module, the amplification control module is electrically connected to the load, the sampling device is electrically connected to the comparator trigger module, the comparator trigger module is electrically connected to the main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the discharge control module. Specifically, the sampling resistor can be used to collect the discharge current signal. The connection between the sampling device and the comparator trigger component can be used to transmit the collected current signal to the comparator trigger component. The connection between the comparator trigger component and the main control chip can be used to trigger and send a signal to the main control chip when the current signal reaches a preset threshold.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The sampling device is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The sampling device includes a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The operational amplifier contains resistors and capacitors, forming a differential amplifier circuit. Specifically, by connecting the differential amplifier circuit, the weak voltage difference signal across the sampling resistor can be amplified, enabling subsequent circuits to process and identify the signal more accurately, thus improving signal quality and reliability. By connecting the sampling resistor to the battery, the voltage across the sampling resistor can be measured, which reflects the battery's discharge current in real time, providing direct monitoring data for subsequent circuits. It can also provide real-time and reliable current data for subsequent overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, and other functions.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The comparator trigger component includes a comparator, the output of which is electrically connected to the input of the main control chip via a pull-up resistor; Specifically, when the comparator receives the current signal from the sampling device and compares it with a preset threshold, it triggers a corresponding action and sends a signal to the main control chip when the acquired current signal reaches or exceeds the set threshold.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The discharge control module is equipped with a drive circuit, which includes a transistor. The control terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the main control chip. A diode is connected between the input terminal of the discharge control module and the battery. Specifically, through the connection between the transistor and the main control chip, the main control chip can manage the discharge process by controlling the switching on and off of the transistor. The function of the diode is to prevent the current from flowing in reverse and to protect the battery from being reverse charged or short-circuited and damaged.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A filter circuit consisting of resistors and capacitors is installed between the battery and the load; the output of the main control chip is connected to the control terminal of the discharge control module; the input of the discharge control module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the discharge control module is connected to the load. Specifically, the filter circuit can suppress voltage fluctuations and noise, enhancing system stability. The discharge control module plays a crucial role in controlling the transfer of electrical energy from the battery to the load. Then, under the control of the main control chip, the discharge control module can flexibly adjust the electrical energy supplied by the battery to the load according to actual needs, ensuring that the load can operate stably under different operating conditions.

[0031] Working principle: When the circuit is powered on, the current flows normally through the load. At this time, the sampling resistor samples the current. When the sampled voltage is lower than the reference voltage of the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier outputs a low-level signal, and the transistor remains in its initial state, which is a normal working state. When the operational amplifier detects that the sampled voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the output state flips to a high-level signal. This signal acts on the transistor, causing its state to change, thereby cutting off the connection between the load and the power supply and realizing short-circuit protection.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An improved short-circuit protection circuit, comprising a battery, a sampling device, a current amplification module, a discharge control module, a load, a comparator trigger module, and a main control chip, characterized in that: The battery is electrically connected to a sampling device, the sampling device is electrically connected to a current amplification module, the current amplification module is electrically connected to an amplification control module, the amplification control module is electrically connected to a load, the sampling device is electrically connected to a comparator trigger module, the comparator trigger module is electrically connected to a main control chip, and the main control chip is electrically connected to a discharge control module.

2. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling device is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The sampling device includes a sampling resistor and an operational amplifier. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the battery discharge circuit. The operational amplifier has a resistor and a capacitor, forming a differential amplifier circuit.

3. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comparator trigger module includes a comparator, the output of which is electrically connected to the input of the main control chip via a pull-up resistor.

4. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge control module is provided with a drive circuit, which includes a transistor, and the control terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the main control chip.

5. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A diode is connected between the input terminal of the discharge control module and the battery.

6. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter circuit is provided between the battery and the load, and the filter circuit consists of resistors and capacitors.

7. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output terminal of the main control chip is connected to the control terminal of the discharge control module.

8. The short-circuit protection improvement circuit according to claim 1, characterized by: The input terminal of the discharge control module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the output terminal of the discharge control module is connected to a load.

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