Power supply device and double battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays

Abstract

This application relates to a power supply device and a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays. The device includes two power supply modules, an output module, a dual-redundant switching module, and a pre-charge module. Each output module includes a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. A dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive and positive output terminals of each power supply module, and also between the negative and negative output terminals of each power supply module. The pre-charge module is used to pre-charge the energy storage element connected to the load. A pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive and positive output terminals of each power supply module, and also between the negative and negative output terminals of each power supply module. By connecting a dual-redundant switching module and a pre-charge module in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of each power supply module and the output module, this device balances the switching speed and reliability of the power supply circuit. Furthermore, the pre-charge module actively adjusts the grounding potential to eliminate inrush currents caused by voltage differences.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of dual-battery power supply systems, and particularly relates to a power supply device and a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional dual-battery systems only have a pre-charge circuit at the positive terminal, resulting in potential fluctuations of over ±100mV at the negative GND bus, causing "ground bounce noise" that interferes with sensitive loads (such as automotive MCUs), leading to system resets. This can also trigger the conduction of the gallium nitride solid-state relay diode in the dual-battery system, increasing the risk of avalanche breakdown. When the state of charge (SOC) difference between the two battery packs in a traditional dual-battery system exceeds 15%, the system cannot balance the voltage difference, easily triggering overcurrent protection and preventing safe parallel operation. Consequently, traditional dual-battery systems are difficult to integrate with asymmetric batteries.

[0003] Traditional dual-battery systems use purely electronic switches (such as MOSFETs) for battery switching. This method offers fast switching speeds (in μs), but suffers from drawbacks such as temperature drift and limited lifespan. Traditional dual-battery systems also use purely mechanical relays for battery switching. This method offers high reliability, but has a long response time (in milliseconds), making it unsuitable for dynamic load switching requirements. Utility Model Content

[0004] One embodiment of this application provides a power supply device and a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays to solve the problem that the switching reliability and efficiency of existing dual-battery systems are incompatible.

[0005] In a first aspect, one embodiment of this application provides a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays, comprising: Two power supply modules are used to provide power; An output module for connection to a load, the output module including a positive output terminal connected to the positive terminal of each group of power supply modules and a negative output terminal connected to the negative terminal of each group of power supply modules; A dual-redundant switching module is used to switch the power supply circuit between each group of power supply modules and the output module. The dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each group of power supply modules, and the dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each group of power supply modules. A pre-charge module is used to pre-charge the energy storage element connected to the load. The pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each group of power supply modules, and the pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each group of power supply modules.

[0006] Optionally, the dual-redundant switching module includes a gallium nitride (GaN) switching element and a mechanical switching element connected in parallel with the GaN switching element. The input terminals of both the GaN switching element and the mechanical switching element are connected to the positive or negative terminal of each power supply module. The output terminals of both the GaN switching element and the mechanical switching element are connected to the positive or negative output terminal.

[0007] Optionally, the gallium nitride switching element is a gallium nitride device.

[0008] Optionally, the mechanical switching element is a relay, with the first normally open contact of the relay serving as the input terminal of the mechanical switching element and the second normally open contact of the relay serving as the output terminal of the mechanical switching element.

[0009] Optionally, the precharge module includes a switching transistor and a resistor. The input terminal of the switching transistor is connected to the positive terminal or the negative terminal of each group of power supply modules. The output terminal of the switching transistor is connected to the input terminal of the resistor. The output terminal of the resistor is connected to the positive output terminal or the negative output terminal.

[0010] Optionally, the switching transistor is a MOSFET, with the source of the MOSFET serving as the input terminal and the drain of the MOSFET serving as the output terminal.

[0011] Optionally, each group of power supply modules includes multiple power supply elements connected in series.

[0012] Optionally, the power supply element is a battery pack.

[0013] Optionally, the energy storage element is a capacitor.

[0014] Secondly, one embodiment of this application provides a power supply device, including the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays described above.

[0015] One embodiment of this application provides a power supply device and a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays. The dual-battery dynamic switching device includes a relay, two sets of power supply modules for providing power, an output module for connecting to a load, and an output module including a positive output terminal connected to the positive terminal of each power supply module and a negative output terminal connected to the negative terminal of each power supply module. A dual-redundant switching module is used to switch the power supply circuit between each power supply module and the output module. A dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each power supply module, and also between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each power supply module. A pre-charge module is used to pre-charge an energy storage element connected to the load. A pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each power supply module, and also between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each power supply module. This dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is applied in power supply equipment. By connecting a dual-redundant switching module and a pre-charge module in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of each power supply module and output module, the device balances the switching speed and reliability of the power supply circuit. The pre-charge module also actively adjusts the grounding potential to eliminate the inrush current caused by voltage difference, thus solving the problem of incompatibility between switching reliability and efficiency in existing dual-battery systems.

[0016] This power supply device achieves suppression of ground bounce noise and protection of power devices through the positive and negative pole coordination of the pre-charge module and the redundant switching of the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays; it is also compatible with battery packs with different remaining power SOC in a wide range of power supply modules; and it improves switching efficiency and redundancy reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution in one embodiment of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2A circuit diagram of a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is provided for one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of one embodiment of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] One embodiment of this application provides a power supply device and a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays to solve the problem that the switching reliability and efficiency of existing dual-battery systems are incompatible.

[0023] Example 1: One embodiment of this application provides a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays. For an example, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the framework of a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is provided for one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is provided for one embodiment of this application.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this utility model application provides a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays, including a power supply module 10, an output module 20, a dual-redundant switching module 30, and a pre-charge module 40. This dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is equipped with two sets of power supply modules 10.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments of this utility model, each power supply module 10 is used to provide power.

[0026] Furthermore, each power supply module 10 includes multiple power supply elements connected in series. These power supply elements are battery packs. In this embodiment, the two power supply modules 10 are respectively designated as the first power supply module BAT1 and the second power supply module BAT2.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present utility model, the output module 20 is used to connect to the load. The output module 20 includes a positive output terminal Main-Bus+ connected to the positive terminal of each power supply module 10 and a negative output terminal Main-Bus- connected to the negative terminal of each power supply module 10.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present utility model, the dual redundant switch module 30 is used to switch the power supply circuit between each power supply module 10 and the output module 20. The dual redundant switch module 30 is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of each power supply module 10, and the dual redundant switch module 30 is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of each power supply module 10.

[0029] To further explain, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is equipped with four dual-redundant switching modules 30, which are respectively designated as the first dual-redundant switching module, the second dual-redundant switching module, the third dual-redundant switching module, and the fourth dual-redundant switching module. The first dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of the first power supply module BAT1; the second dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of the second power supply module BAT2; the third dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of the first power supply module BAT1; and the fourth dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of the second power supply module BAT2.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present utility model, the pre-charge module 40 is used to pre-charge the energy storage element connected to the load. The pre-charge module 40 is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of each power supply module 10, and the pre-charge module 40 is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of each power supply module 10.

[0031] To further explain, such as Figure 2 As shown, this dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays includes four pre-charge modules 40, designated as the first pre-charge module, the second pre-charge module, the third pre-charge module, and the fourth pre-charge module. The first pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of the first power supply module BAT1; the second pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ of the second power supply module BAT2; the third pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of the first power supply module BAT1; and the fourth pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus- of the second power supply module BAT2. The energy storage element can be a capacitor.

[0032] An embodiment of this application provides a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays, comprising two sets of power supply modules for providing power; an output module for connecting to a load, the output module including a positive output terminal connected to the positive terminal of each power supply module and a negative output terminal connected to the negative terminal of each power supply module; a dual-redundant switching module for switching the power supply circuit between each power supply module and the output module, a dual-redundant switching module connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each power supply module, and a dual-redundant switching module connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each power supply module; and a pre-charge module for pre-charging the energy storage element connected to the load, a pre-charge module connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each power supply module, and a pre-charge module connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each power supply module. This dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays not only balances the switching speed and reliability of the power supply circuit by connecting a dual redundant switching module and a pre-charge module in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of each power supply module and output module, but also eliminates the inrush current caused by voltage difference by actively adjusting the grounding potential through the pre-charge module. This solves the problem of incompatibility between switching reliability and efficiency in existing dual-battery systems.

[0033] Furthermore, this dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays achieves safe parallel operation when the SOC difference between the two battery packs exceeds 20% by setting up dual redundant switching modules and pre-charge modules between the positive and negative connections of each power supply module and output module. This overcomes the limitation of traditional dual-battery system switching schemes with an SOC difference of ≤15%, making it suitable for asymmetric scenarios such as battery swapping.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dual redundant switch module 30 includes a gallium nitride (GaN) switch element and a mechanical switch element connected in parallel with the GaN switch element. The input terminals of both the GaN switch element and the mechanical switch element are connected to the positive or negative terminal of each power supply module 10. The output terminals of both the GaN switch element and the mechanical switch element are connected to the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ or the negative output terminal Main-Bus-.

[0035] Furthermore, the gallium nitride (GaN) switching element can be selected as a GaN device, with the source of the GaN device serving as the input terminal and the drain of the GaN device serving as the output terminal. The mechanical switching element can be selected as a relay, with the first normally open contact of the relay serving as the input terminal and the second normally open contact of the relay serving as the output terminal. In this embodiment, the GaN switching elements of the first, second, third, and fourth dual-redundant switching modules are denoted as Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively; the mechanical switching elements of the first, second, third, and fourth dual-redundant switching modules are denoted as K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively. The four dual-redundant switching modules of this dual-battery dynamic switching device based on GaN devices and relays are responsible for high-frequency switching under normal operating conditions (response time 120μs) through the GaN switching elements, while the mechanical switching elements serve as fault redundancy backups (response time <10ms).

[0036] In the embodiments of this utility model, the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is connected in parallel with the gallium nitride switching element and the mechanical switching element of the dual redundant switching module, taking into account both speed (120μs) and reliability (cycle life >5 million times).

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the precharge module 40 includes a switch and a resistor. The input terminal of the switch is connected to the positive terminal of each power supply module 10 or the negative terminal of each power supply module. The output terminal of the switch is connected to the input terminal of the resistor. The output terminal of the resistor is connected to the positive output terminal Main-Bus+ or the negative output terminal Main-Bus-.

[0038] Furthermore, the switching transistor can be selected as a MOSFET, with the source of the MOSFET serving as the input terminal and the drain of the MOSFET serving as the output terminal. In this embodiment, the switching transistors of the first, second, third, and fourth pre-charge modules are designated as Q5, Q6, Q7, and Q8, respectively; the resistors of the first, second, third, and fourth pre-charge modules are designated as R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. This dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays achieves full-dimensional control of the bus potential by setting pre-charge modules in both the positive and negative paths between each power supply module and the output module. The pre-charge circuit resistance value of this dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays satisfies: R3 / R4 = 1.1 × (R1 / R2), optimizing the negative potential balance of the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays.

[0039] In the embodiments of this utility model, the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays achieves ground bounce noise suppression and protects power devices through redundancy switching of the positive and negative electrode coordinated pre-charge module and dual redundant switch module; it is also compatible with battery packs with different remaining power SOC in a wide range of power supply modules; and improves switching efficiency and redundancy reliability.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments of this utility model, if the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is in the pre-charging stage, in the positive control logic, both switch Q5 and switch Q6 are turned on, and resistors R1 and R2 are used for current-limiting pre-charging; in the negative control logic, both switch Q7 and switch Q8 are turned on, and resistors R3 and R4 are used for balancing potential. The operating pre-charging current of the pre-charging module is ≤1A, and the noise is ≤±50mV. If the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is in the normal stage, in the positive control logic, both gallium nitride switching elements Q1 and Q3 are turned on, and both mechanical switching elements K1 and K2 are turned off; in the negative control logic, both gallium nitride switching elements Q2 and Q4 are turned on, and both mechanical switching elements K3 and K4 are turned off; the on-resistance of the dual redundant switching module is <50mΩ. If the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is in a fault stage, in the positive control logic, both gallium nitride switching elements Q1 and Q3 are open, and both mechanical switching elements K1 and K2 are closed; in the negative control logic, both gallium nitride switching elements Q2 and Q4 are open, and both mechanical switching elements K3 and K4 are closed; the switching delay of the dual-redundant switching module is <10ms.

[0041] To further explain, the working principle of this dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays is as follows: When switching transistors Q5 / Q6 / Q7 / Q8 are closed, the energy storage components of the load (such as the bus capacitor) are pre-charged through resistors R1 / R2 / R3 / R4. The voltage at the positive output terminal Main_Bus+ / negative output terminal Main_Bus- in the output module is monitored in real time. When the voltage reaches 95% of the power supply module voltage, the normal conduction phase begins. During the normal conduction phase (t>100ms), gallium nitride switching elements Q1 / Q2 / Q3 / Q4 are closed, while mechanical switching elements K1 / K2 / K3 / K4 and switching transistors Q5 / Q6 / Q7 / Q8 are opened. The gallium nitride switching elements carry the main current, and the switching time is 120μs. During the fault switching phase (e.g., if gallium nitride switching element Q1 is detected to be faulty), gallium nitride switching element Q1 is disconnected and mechanical switching element K1 is closed. Mechanical switching element K1 is connected to the power supply path between the positive terminal and the negative output terminal Main-Bus+ of the first power supply module BAT1. The fault recovery time is 8ms, ensuring that the load power supply is not interrupted.

[0042] Example 2: This utility model application provides a power supply device, including the above-mentioned dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays.

[0043] It should be noted that the content of the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays in this embodiment has been described in Embodiment 1, and the specific content of the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0044] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0045] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0046] The above provides a detailed description of a dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to an embodiment of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays, characterized by, include: Two power supply modules are used to provide power; An output module for connection to a load, the output module including a positive output terminal connected to the positive terminal of each group of power supply modules and a negative output terminal connected to the negative terminal of each group of power supply modules; A dual-redundant switching module is used to switch the power supply circuit between each group of power supply modules and the output module. The dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each group of power supply modules, and the dual-redundant switching module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each group of power supply modules. A pre-charge module is used to pre-charge the energy storage element connected to the load. The pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the positive terminal and the positive output terminal of each group of power supply modules, and the pre-charge module is connected in parallel between the negative terminal and the negative output terminal of each group of power supply modules.

2. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-redundant switching module includes a gallium nitride (GaN) switching element and a mechanical switching element connected in parallel with the GaN switching element. The input terminals of both the GaN switching element and the mechanical switching element are connected to the positive or negative terminal of each power supply module. The output terminals of both the GaN switching element and the mechanical switching element are connected to the positive or negative output terminal.

3. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gallium nitride switching element is a gallium nitride device.

4. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mechanical switching element is a relay, with the first normally open contact of the relay serving as the input terminal of the mechanical switching element and the second normally open contact of the relay serving as the output terminal of the mechanical switching element.

5. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 1, wherein, The precharge module includes a switch and a resistor. The input terminal of the switch is connected to the positive terminal or the negative terminal of each group of power supply modules. The output terminal of the switch is connected to the input terminal of the resistor. The output terminal of the resistor is connected to the positive output terminal or the negative output terminal.

6. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 5, characterized in that, The switching transistor is a MOSFET, with its source serving as the input terminal and its drain serving as the output terminal.

7. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Each group of power supply modules includes multiple power supply elements connected in series.

8. The dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply component is a battery pack.

9. The dual battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The energy storage element is a capacitor.

10. A power supply device characterized by comprising: Includes the dual-battery dynamic switching device based on gallium nitride devices and relays as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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