Modular photovoltaic cleaning robot

Abstract

This utility model discloses a modular photovoltaic cleaning robot, including a load-bearing module, a motion module, a cleaning module, and an adsorption module. The load-bearing module includes a load-bearing frame, a load-bearing column, and a load-bearing box. The motion module is connected to the load-bearing column. The cleaning module includes a roller brush fixing plate connected to the motion module, a roller brush assembly rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate, and a drive component for driving the roller brush assembly to rotate. The roller brush shaft of the roller brush assembly is closed at both ends, hollow inside, and has air inlets on its surface. The adsorption module's adsorption shell is rotatably and sealed to the roller brush shaft, and the inner cavity of the adsorption shell communicates with the air inlets. One end of the air inlet component is connected to the adsorption shell, and the other end is connected to a liquid storage tank. This utility model, through the cooperation of the cleaning module and the adsorption module, can effectively collect dust from the photovoltaic surface while cleaning the photovoltaic modules, improving cleaning efficiency. Simultaneously, the modular assembly allows for flexible operation and facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power station maintenance equipment, specifically relating to a modular photovoltaic cleaning robot. Background Technology

[0002] As the core unit of a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules directly affects the overall performance of the system. Due to prolonged exposure to the outdoor environment, dust, bird droppings, and other pollutants easily accumulate on the module surface, causing localized shading. The shaded areas experience abnormally high temperatures due to blocked sunlight, triggering a hotspot effect—localized overheating and the formation of hot spots. This phenomenon not only significantly reduces power generation efficiency but also accelerates the aging of encapsulation materials and can even lead to module burnout, seriously threatening the safe operation of the power plant. Therefore, regular cleaning is a necessary measure to ensure the efficient and stable operation of a PV power plant.

[0003] To effectively prevent the aforementioned problems and improve the overall power generation efficiency and operational safety of photovoltaic power plants, cleaning, as a direct, efficient, and economical maintenance method, is broadly categorized into three types: manual cleaning, cleaning vehicle cleaning, and robotic cleaning. The first two methods require full manual involvement, resulting in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and safety hazards associated with working at heights. Current robotic cleaning generally uses a water-washing mode, but this mode easily leads to significant water waste, making it unsuitable for promotion and widespread adoption in water-scarce areas. Furthermore, prolonged use of high-pressure water jets may cause microcracks in the photovoltaic modules, reducing their lifespan.

[0004] Due to the shortcomings of water-washing photovoltaic (PV) cleaning robots, automated waterless cleaning equipment for PV modules has gradually developed, and dry cleaning robot technology has become a research hotspot. However, existing PV cleaning robots can only sweep up dust and other contaminants during operation, and cannot effectively remove or collect fine dust from the PV surface, causing dust to accumulate on the surface of the PV modules and thus affecting their performance. On the other hand, most current PV cleaning robots adopt an integrated structure, which, although highly integrated, lacks flexibility, and the failure of a single component requires complete disassembly and repair, resulting in high maintenance costs and long downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a modular photovoltaic cleaning robot. Through the cooperation of the cleaning module and the adsorption module, it can effectively collect dust on the photovoltaic surface while cleaning the photovoltaic modules, thereby improving cleaning efficiency. At the same time, the modular assembly enables flexible operation and facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

[0006] This utility model provides the following technical solution: A modular photovoltaic cleaning robot includes a load-bearing module, a motion module, a cleaning module, and an adsorption module; The load-bearing module includes a load-bearing frame, load-bearing columns connected to both sides of the load-bearing frame, and a load-bearing box located inside the load-bearing frame. The motion module is connected to the load-bearing column and is used to enable the robot to walk; The cleaning module includes a roller brush fixing plate connected to the motion module, a roller brush assembly rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate, and a drive assembly for driving the roller brush assembly to rotate. The roller brush assembly includes a roller brush shaft, which is closed at both ends, hollow inside, and has air inlet holes on its surface. The adsorption module includes an adsorption shell, an air inlet assembly, a liquid storage tank, and an air pump. The adsorption shell is rotatably and sealed to the roller brush shaft, and the inner cavity of the adsorption shell is connected to the air inlet. One end of the air inlet assembly is connected to the adsorption shell, and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tank is installed inside the load-bearing box, and the air pump is installed above the load-bearing box and is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the motion module includes a track support plate, a front wheel drive mechanism, a rear wheel drive mechanism, and tracks; The track support plate is connected to the load-bearing column by bolts; The front wheel drive mechanism includes a front synchronous belt pulley, a front axle, and a tensioning assembly. The front synchronous belt pulley is connected to the front axle via a flat key. The front axle is connected to the tensioning assembly, and the tensioning assembly is connected to the track support plate. The rear wheel drive mechanism includes a motor, a reducer, a motor mounting bracket, a coupling, a rear axle, and a rear synchronous belt pulley. The motor mounting bracket is connected to the track support plate, the motor is fixed on the motor mounting bracket, the motor is connected to the reducer by bolts, and is connected to the rear axle by the coupling. The rear axle is connected to the rear synchronous belt pulley by a flat key. The track is installed between the front synchronous pulley and the rear synchronous pulley.

[0008] Furthermore, the motion module also includes a load-bearing wheel mechanism, which includes a support base, an upper load-bearing wheel, and a lower load-bearing wheel. The support base is connected to the track support plate. An upper load-bearing shaft is connected above the support base, and a lower load-bearing shaft is connected below it. The upper load-bearing wheel and the upper load-bearing shaft are in clearance fit, and the lower load-bearing wheel and the lower load-bearing shaft are in clearance fit.

[0009] Furthermore, the tensioning assembly includes a tensioning bolt, a fixed nut seat, and a support nut seat. The fixed nut seat is fixedly connected to the front axle. The fixed nut seat has a sliding groove, which is slidably connected to the track support plate via an adjusting bolt. The support nut seat is fixed to the track support plate. The tensioning bolt is threadedly connected to the support nut seat, and the end of the tensioning bolt is rotatably connected to the fixed nut seat.

[0010] Furthermore, the load-bearing box is connected to the load-bearing frame by bolts, the load-bearing frame is connected to the load-bearing column by bolts, the load-bearing box is equipped with a controller, and the top of the load-bearing box is equipped with a lidar, a depth camera, a radio antenna, and a positioning antenna, which are respectively connected to the controller.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a roller brush motor, a front synchronous pulley for the roller brush, a rear synchronous pulley for the roller brush, and a roller brush track; the roller brush shaft is rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate, the roller brush shaft is connected to the front synchronous pulley for the roller brush via a flat key, the roller brush motor is mounted on the roller brush fixing plate, the output shaft of the roller brush motor is connected to the rear synchronous pulley for the roller brush via a flat key, and the roller brush track is installed between the front synchronous pulley for the roller brush and the rear synchronous pulley for the roller brush.

[0012] Furthermore, the air intake assembly includes a hose, a one-way valve, and an air intake pipe. The adsorption housing is rotatably and sealed to the roller brush shaft via a sealed bearing. One end of the hose is connected to the adsorption housing, and the other end of the hose is connected to the air intake pipe via the one-way valve. The air intake pipe is connected to the liquid storage area of ​​the liquid storage tank, and the air intake end of the air pump is connected to the top empty area of ​​the liquid storage tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the adsorption module also includes a drainage assembly, which includes a drainage pipe and a valve. The drainage pipe is installed on the load-bearing box and communicates with the storage tank. The drainage pipe is connected to the valve through a flange structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the roller brush assembly includes multiple roller brush shafts, which are locked together by a bolt structure and a snap-fit ​​structure, and the surface of the roller brush shaft is provided with bristles.

[0015] Furthermore, there are four load-bearing columns, which are symmetrically distributed in pairs on both sides of the load-bearing frame.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: (1) This utility model can efficiently clean photovoltaic modules by combining a cleaning module with an adsorption module. When the photovoltaic cleaning robot is working, the roller brush assembly of the cleaning module is responsible for cleaning larger dirt on the photovoltaic surface. The roller brush shaft surface is provided with an air inlet hole, which is connected to the adsorption shell and air inlet assembly of the adsorption module. When the air pump of the adsorption module is working, it generates a large negative pressure in the liquid storage tank and the air inlet assembly, and generates a large adsorption force in the air inlet hole of the roller brush shaft, forcing the dust on the photovoltaic surface to enter the air inlet hole and be sucked into the liquid storage tank through the adsorption shell and the air inlet assembly for collection, ultimately achieving efficient cleaning of the photovoltaic surface. (2) This utility model adopts modular assembly, which can be quickly disassembled and assembled. At the same time, it can be flexibly expanded and installed according to the specifications of photovoltaic modules and site requirements to achieve flexible operation. Each module also adopts modular assembly. For example, in the motion module, the tensioning component of the front wheel transmission system and the motor assembly of the rear wheel transmission system are independent functional modules that support quick replacement. In the later maintenance, any faulty module can be disassembled and replaced separately without overall disassembly, which greatly shortens downtime and reduces maintenance costs. (3) The motion module of this utility model adopts a track walking mode. Combined with the modular layout of the support seat and the load-bearing wheel, the grounding area of ​​the track is increased, the weight of the equipment is evenly distributed, and the photovoltaic cleaning robot has good adhesion during operation, avoiding slippage and improving the safety of cleaning operations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the modular photovoltaic cleaning robot in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the motion module in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the cleaning module in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the load-bearing box, the adsorption module and the cleaning module in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adsorption module and the load-bearing box in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning component in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the roller brush shaft and the adsorption housing in an embodiment of this utility model; The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Front timing pulley; 2. Lower support pulley; 3. Support base; 4. Front timing pulley of the roller brush; 5. Rear timing pulley; 6. Rear axle; 7. Upper support pulley; 8. Front axle; 9. Slide groove; 10. Track; 11. Reducer; 12. Motor; 13. Coupling; 14. Motor mounting bracket; 15. First support column; 16. Second support column; 17. Roller brush motor; 18. Roller brush shaft; 19. Roller brush fixing plate; 20. Brush bristles; 21. Roller brush track; 22. Roller brush. 23. Rear synchronous pulley; 24. Track support plate; 25. Radio antenna; 26. Load-bearing box; 27. Depth camera; 28. LiDAR; 29. ​​Positioning antenna; 30. Fixing nut seat; 31. Support nut seat; 32. Tensioning bolt; 33. Load-bearing frame; 34. Adsorption housing; 35. Liquid storage tank; 36. Air inlet pipe; 37. One-way valve; 38. Hose; 39. Air pump; 40. Drain pipe; 41. Valve; 42. Air inlet; 43. Adjusting bolt; 44. Sealed bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a modular photovoltaic cleaning robot, including a load-bearing module, a motion module, a cleaning module, and an adsorption module.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the load-bearing module includes a load-bearing frame 32, load-bearing columns connected to both sides of the load-bearing frame 32, and a load-bearing box 25 disposed within the load-bearing frame 32. Specifically, the load-bearing box 25 is connected to the load-bearing frame 32 by bolts, and the load-bearing frame 32 is connected to the load-bearing columns by bolts.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the motion module is connected to the load-bearing column and is used to enable the robot to walk. The motion module includes a track support plate 23, a front wheel drive mechanism, a rear wheel drive mechanism, a load-bearing wheel mechanism, and tracks 10.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the track support plate 23 is connected to the load-bearing column by bolts. In this embodiment, the load-bearing column is made of aluminum profile and there are four of them, including two first load-bearing columns 15 and two second load-bearing columns 16. The first load-bearing columns 15 and the second load-bearing columns 16 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the load-bearing frame 32, forming a grid-like structural frame with the track support plate 23, which serves as a modular assembly reference. The track support plate 23 is a hollow rectangular aluminum alloy structure with a wall thickness of 5mm, which reduces weight while ensuring strength and avoids deformation caused by track tension.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front wheel drive mechanism includes a front synchronous pulley 1, a front axle 8, and a tensioning assembly. The front synchronous pulley 1 is connected to the front axle 8 via a key, the front axle 8 is connected to the tensioning assembly, and the tensioning assembly is connected to the track support plate 23. The rear wheel drive mechanism includes a motor 12, a reducer 11, a motor mounting bracket 14, a coupling 13, a rear axle 6, and a rear synchronous pulley 5. The motor mounting bracket 14 is connected to the track support plate 23, the motor 12 is fixed on the motor mounting bracket 14, the motor 12 is bolted to the reducer 11, and connected to the rear axle 6 via the coupling 13. The rear axle 6 is connected to the rear synchronous pulley 5 via a key. The track 10 is installed between the front synchronous pulley 1 and the rear synchronous pulley 5, and transmits power by meshing with the front synchronous pulley 1 and the rear synchronous pulley 5. Specifically, motor 12 is a brushless DC motor. When motor 12 is working, it drives the rear synchronous pulley 5 to move through the rear axle 6, and drives the track 10 to move, thereby causing the front synchronous pulley 1 to rotate synchronously, thus realizing the transmission of power.

[0026] Among them, such as Figure 6 As shown, the tensioning assembly includes a tensioning bolt 31, a fixed nut seat 29, and a support nut seat 30. The fixed nut seat 29 is fixedly connected to the front axle 8. The fixed nut seat 29 has a sliding groove 9, which is slidably connected to the track support plate 23 via an adjusting bolt 42. Specifically, the adjusting bolt 42 is fixed to the track support plate 23 and passes through the sliding groove 9. The support nut seat 30 is fixed to the track support plate 23. The tensioning bolt 31 is threadedly connected to the support nut seat 30, and the end of the tensioning bolt 31 is rotatably connected to the fixed nut seat 29. When the tensioning bolt 31 is rotated, the tensioning bolt 31 moves relative to the support nut seat 30, which in turn moves the fixed nut seat 29 relative to the track support plate 23, thereby driving the front axle 8 and the front timing pulley 1 to move, thus realizing the tension adjustment of the track 10.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the load-bearing wheel mechanism includes a support base 3, an upper load-bearing wheel 7, and a lower load-bearing wheel 2. The support base 3 is connected to the track support plate 23. An upper load-bearing shaft is connected above the support base 3, and a lower load-bearing shaft is connected below it. The upper load-bearing wheel 7 and the upper load-bearing shaft are in clearance fit, and the lower load-bearing wheel 2 and the lower load-bearing shaft are also in clearance fit. The load-bearing wheel mechanism serves to bear weight, stabilize the track, and distribute pressure. The motion module adopts a track-based walking method. Combined with the modular layout of the support base 3 and the load-bearing wheels, the ground contact area of ​​the track 10 is increased, the weight of the equipment is evenly distributed, and the photovoltaic cleaning robot has good adhesion during operation, avoiding slippage and improving the safety of cleaning operations.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the cleaning module includes a roller brush fixing plate 19 connected to the track support plate 23 of the motion module, a roller brush assembly rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate 19, and a drive assembly for driving the roller brush assembly to rotate.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the roller brush assembly includes a roller brush shaft 18, with bristles 20 on its surface. The roller brush shaft 18 is rotatably connected to a roller brush fixing plate 19. The roller brush shaft 18 can be designed as a multi-section structure, such as a three-section detachable roller brush shaft. Each section of the roller brush shaft 18 is tightened together by bolts and locked in place by a snap-fit ​​structure, facilitating quick replacement and maintenance. The roller brush shaft 18 is closed at both ends, hollow inside, and has multiple evenly distributed air inlets 41 on its surface.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the drive assembly includes a roller brush motor 17, a front synchronous pulley 4, a rear synchronous pulley 22, and a roller brush track 21. The roller brush shaft 18 is connected to the front synchronous pulley 4 via a key. The roller brush motor 17 is mounted on the roller brush mounting plate 19, and its output shaft is connected to the rear synchronous pulley 22 via a key. The roller brush track 21 is installed between the front synchronous pulley 4 and the rear synchronous pulley 22. When the roller brush motor 17 operates, it drives the rear synchronous pulley 22 to rotate, which, through the roller brush track 21, drives the front synchronous pulley 4 to rotate, thereby driving the roller brush shaft 18 to rotate, thus achieving the cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface.

[0031] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the adsorption module includes an adsorption housing 33, an air intake assembly, a liquid storage tank 34, and an air pump 38. The adsorption housing 33 is rotatably sealed to the roller brush shaft 18 via a sealed bearing 43, and the inner cavity of the adsorption housing 33 is connected to the air intake port 41. One end of the air intake assembly is connected to the adsorption housing 33, and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank 34. The liquid storage tank 34 is installed inside the load-bearing box 25 and contains cleaning liquids such as water. The air pump 38 is installed above the load-bearing box 25 and is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank 34. Specifically, the air intake assembly includes a hose 37, a one-way valve 36, and an air intake pipe 35. One end of the hose 37 is connected to the adsorption housing 33, and the other end of the hose 37 is connected to the air intake pipe 35 via the one-way valve 36. The air intake pipe 35 is connected to the liquid storage area of ​​the liquid storage tank 34, and the air intake end of the air pump 38 is connected to the top empty area of ​​the liquid storage tank 34.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the adsorption module also includes a drainage component, which includes a drainage pipe 39 and a valve 40. The drainage pipe 39 is installed on the load-bearing box 25 and is connected to the storage tank 34. The drainage pipe 39 is connected to the valve 40 through a flange structure. By controlling the opening and closing of the valve 40, the liquid in the storage tank 34 can be discharged and stored.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the load-bearing box 25 houses a controller, and the top of the load-bearing box 25 is equipped with a LiDAR 27, a depth camera 26, a radio antenna 24, and a positioning antenna 28, all connected to the controller. The LiDAR 27 can accurately perceive the layout of the photovoltaic panels, the position and shape of obstacles, etc., to prevent objects from obstructing the robot's operation, thus helping the robot build an accurate environmental map. The depth camera 26 provides depth information of nearby objects, supplementing the LiDAR's shortcomings in close-range detection. It can more accurately identify dirt, dust, and other small obstacles on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, helping the robot determine key cleaning areas. Through the radio antenna 24, the robot can receive commands from the control center, such as starting, stopping, and changing the cleaning route. Simultaneously, the robot can transmit its own operating status and environmental information back to the control center in real time, facilitating remote monitoring and management by operators. Based on the location information provided by the positioning antenna 28, the control center can allocate and schedule tasks for multiple robots. According to the actual situation of the photovoltaic power station, the cleaning area and time for each robot can be rationally arranged to improve overall cleaning efficiency. The controller is connected to motor 12 to control the movement of the motion module; the controller is connected to roller brush motor 17 to control the roller brush assembly to clean the photovoltaic panels; and the controller is connected to air pump 38 to control the operation of the adsorption module. A battery is also installed inside the load-bearing box 25 to provide power for the robot's operation. The functions of the controller, LiDAR 27, depth camera 26, radio antenna, and positioning antenna 28 can all be implemented using existing technology, and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] The working principle of the modular photovoltaic cleaning robot provided in this embodiment is as follows: The tension of the track 10 is adjusted by the tensioning component, and the ready robot is placed on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The motion module makes the robot walk to the area that needs to be cleaned. The roller brush motor 17 works, driving the rear synchronous belt pulley 22 of the roller brush to rotate. Through the roller brush track 21, the front synchronous belt pulley 4 of the roller brush is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the roller brush shaft 18 to rotate, so that the brush bristles 20 can clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Simultaneously, the air pump 38 evacuates air from the dry area of ​​the liquid storage tank 34, creating a negative pressure state inside the tank. The negative pressure is converted into suction through the air inlet pipe 35 connected to the tank. This suction is then transmitted to the inside of the roller brush shaft 18 via the hose 37 connected to the adsorption housing 33. The cleaned dust is then adsorbed into the liquid in the tank 34 through the air inlet 41 on the surface of the roller brush shaft 18, preventing dust from falling back onto the photovoltaic panel surface after cleaning. The one-way valve 36 prevents liquid from the tank 34 from entering the hose 37 and adsorption housing 33. After cleaning the photovoltaic panel, the robot returns via the motion module, and the valve 40 opens to drain the liquid containing dust and other contaminants from the tank 34, making cleaning convenient.

[0035] This invention combines a cleaning module with an adsorption module to efficiently clean photovoltaic (PV) modules. During operation, the cleaning module's roller brush assembly removes larger dirt particles from the PV surface. The roller brush shaft has air inlets that connect to the adsorption module's adsorption housing and air inlet assembly. When the adsorption module's air pump operates, it creates a significant negative pressure within the liquid storage tank and air inlet assembly, generating a strong adsorption force at the roller brush shaft's air inlet. This forces dust from the PV surface into the air inlet and then into the liquid storage tank via the adsorption housing and air inlet assembly, ultimately achieving efficient cleaning of the PV surface. This invention employs modular assembly, allowing for quick disassembly and assembly. It can also be flexibly expanded and installed according to the PV module specifications and site requirements, enabling flexible operation. Each module also uses modular assembly; for example, in the motion module, the tensioning component of the front wheel drive system and the motor assembly of the rear wheel drive system are independent functional modules, supporting rapid replacement. During later maintenance, any faulty module can be individually disassembled and replaced without overall disassembly, significantly reducing downtime and maintenance costs.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A modular photovoltaic cleaning robot, characterized in that, It includes a load-bearing module, a motion module, a cleaning module, and an adsorption module; The load-bearing module includes a load-bearing frame (32), load-bearing columns connected to both sides of the load-bearing frame (32), and a load-bearing box (25) located inside the load-bearing frame (32). The motion module is connected to the load-bearing column and is used to enable the robot to walk; The cleaning module includes a roller brush fixing plate (19) connected to the motion module, a roller brush assembly rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate (19), and a drive assembly for driving the roller brush assembly to rotate. The roller brush assembly includes a roller brush shaft (18), which is closed at both ends, hollow inside, and has an air inlet hole (41) on its surface. The adsorption module includes an adsorption housing (33), an air intake assembly, a liquid storage tank (34), and an air pump (38). The adsorption housing (33) is rotatably sealed to the roller brush shaft (18), and the inner cavity of the adsorption housing (33) is connected to the air intake hole (41). One end of the air intake assembly is connected to the adsorption housing (33), and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank (34). The liquid storage tank (34) is installed inside the load-bearing box (25), and the air pump (38) is installed above the load-bearing box (25) and is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank (34).

2. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The motion module includes a track support plate (23), a front wheel drive mechanism, a rear wheel drive mechanism, and a track (10). The track support plate (23) is connected to the load-bearing column by bolts; The front wheel drive mechanism includes a front synchronous pulley (1), a front axle (8) and a tensioning assembly. The front synchronous pulley (1) is connected to the front axle (8) via a flat key. The front axle (8) is connected to the tensioning assembly. The tensioning assembly is connected to the track support plate (23). The rear wheel drive mechanism includes a motor (12), a reducer (11), a motor mounting bracket (14), a coupling (13), a rear axle (6), and a rear synchronous pulley (5). The motor mounting bracket (14) is connected to the track support plate (23). The motor (12) is fixed on the motor mounting bracket (14). The motor (12) is connected to the reducer (11) by bolts and to the rear axle (6) by the coupling (13). The rear axle (6) is connected to the rear synchronous pulley (5) by a flat key. The track (10) is installed between the front synchronous pulley (1) and the rear synchronous pulley (5).

3. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 2, wherein, The motion module also includes a load-bearing wheel mechanism, which includes a support base (3), an upper load-bearing wheel (7), and a lower load-bearing wheel (2). The support base (3) is connected to the track support plate (23). An upper load-bearing shaft is connected above the support base (3), and a lower load-bearing shaft is connected below it. The upper load-bearing wheel (7) is in clearance fit with the upper load-bearing shaft, and the lower load-bearing wheel (2) is in clearance fit with the lower load-bearing shaft.

4. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 2, wherein, The tensioning assembly includes a tensioning bolt (31), a fixed nut seat (29), and a support nut seat (30). The fixed nut seat (29) is fixedly connected to the front axle (8). The fixed nut seat (29) is provided with a sliding groove (9). The sliding groove (9) is slidably connected to the track support plate (23) through an adjusting bolt (42). The support nut seat (30) is fixed on the track support plate (23). The tensioning bolt (31) is threadedly connected to the support nut seat (30). The end of the tensioning bolt (31) is rotatably connected to the fixed nut seat (29).

5. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The load-bearing box (25) is connected to the load-bearing frame (32) by bolts, and the load-bearing frame (32) is connected to the load-bearing column by bolts. The load-bearing box (25) is equipped with a controller, and the top of the load-bearing box (25) is equipped with a laser radar (27), a depth camera (26), a radio antenna (24), and a positioning antenna (28) respectively connected to the controller.

6. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The drive assembly includes a roller brush motor (17), a front roller brush pulley (4), a rear roller brush pulley (22), and a roller brush track (21). The roller brush shaft (18) is rotatably connected to the roller brush fixing plate (19). The roller brush shaft (18) is connected to the front roller brush pulley (4) via a flat key. The roller brush motor (17) is mounted on the roller brush fixing plate (19). The output shaft of the roller brush motor (17) is connected to the rear roller brush pulley (22) via a flat key. The roller brush track (21) is installed between the front roller brush pulley (4) and the rear roller brush pulley (22).

7. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The air intake assembly includes a hose (37), a one-way valve (36), and an air intake pipe (35). The adsorption housing (33) is rotatably sealed to the roller brush shaft (18) via a sealed bearing (43). One end of the hose (37) is connected to the adsorption housing (33), and the other end of the hose (37) is connected to the air intake pipe (35) via the one-way valve (36). The air intake pipe (35) is connected to the liquid storage area of ​​the liquid storage tank (34), and the air intake end of the air pump (38) is connected to the top liquid-free area of ​​the liquid storage tank (34).

8. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The adsorption module also includes a drain assembly, which includes a drain pipe (39) and a valve (40). The drain pipe (39) is installed on the load-bearing box (25) and communicates with the storage tank (34). The drain pipe (39) is connected to the valve (40) through a flange structure.

9. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The roller brush assembly includes multiple roller brush shafts (18), and each roller brush shaft (18) is locked together by a bolt structure and a snap-fit ​​structure. The surface of the roller brush shaft (18) is provided with brush bristles (20).

10. The modular photovoltaic cleaning robot of claim 1, wherein, The number of load-bearing columns is four, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the load-bearing frame (32).

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