A sowing crop blanket

Abstract

This utility model relates to a crop planting mat, belonging to the field of agricultural and ecological engineering technology. It consists of a bottom support layer, a middle substrate layer, and an upper covering layer, and can be customized with features such as a drip irrigation system, temperature and humidity control module, biological control structure, and reinforced connection structure. The bottom support layer is responsible for stabilizing the overall structure, preventing erosion, and retaining water and fertilizer; the middle substrate layer provides nutrients and a suitable environment for seed germination; and the upper covering layer enables precise germination control. The materials and structural designs of each layer are flexible and variable; for example, the bottom support layer can be made of materials such as burlap, and the upper covering layer can have various perforation and sealing designs. The crop mat uses modular splicing, with customizable lengths of 5-10 meters and widths of 0.5-2 meters. It is packaged in rolls for convenient storage and transportation, and is suitable for various scenarios such as agricultural planting and landscaping, significantly improving sowing and plant growth effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural and ecological engineering technology, specifically to a crop sowing mat that can be applied to agricultural planting, desertification control, slope greening and other scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural planting and various ecological engineering projects, how to efficiently and conveniently carry out sowing and create favorable conditions for plant growth has always been a key research focus. Traditional sowing methods have many drawbacks.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional open-field sowing methods are greatly affected by natural environmental factors. For example, soil erosion can cause seed loss, and it is difficult to accurately maintain water and nutrients, which is not conducive to seed germination and early plant growth. Moreover, temperature and humidity under natural conditions are difficult to control, and seed germination rate and seedling survival rate will be severely affected in extreme weather conditions.

[0004] On the other hand, traditional sowing methods are difficult to implement or ineffective for certain special terrains or environments, such as slopes, saline-alkali land, and soils contaminated with heavy metals. For example, when sowing on slopes, seeds are prone to slipping and the soil stability is poor; in saline-alkali land and soils contaminated with heavy metals, the soil environment is not conducive to normal seed growth.

[0005] Furthermore, traditional irrigation methods often fail to achieve precise irrigation, resulting in significant water waste and potentially hindering plant growth due to uneven irrigation. Moreover, pest and disease control typically relies on large amounts of chemical pesticides, which not only pollute the environment but may also compromise the quality and safety of agricultural products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the following technical problems:

[0007] 1. It solves the problem that traditional sowing methods are difficult to implement or have poor results in different terrains (such as slopes) and special soil environments (such as saline-alkali land and heavy metal contaminated soil), so that the sowing crop mat can provide a stable growth environment for seeds under these complex conditions.

[0008] 2. Overcome the adverse effects of the natural environment on seed germination and plant growth, achieve precise control of growth conditions such as water, nutrients, temperature and humidity, and improve seed germination rate and seedling survival rate.

[0009] 3. To address the issues of existing planting auxiliary products being structurally simple, functionally incomplete, and poorly adaptable, improve the applicability of crop mats in different scenarios and enhance the convenience of laying, storage, and transportation through modular design and diverse sizes and connection methods.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A crop sowing mat, characterized in that it comprises a bottom support layer 1, a middle substrate layer 2, and an upper covering layer 3; the bottom support layer 1 is located at the bottommost point and is closely attached to the middle substrate layer 2; the middle substrate layer 2 is laid on top of the bottom support layer 1; and the upper covering layer 3 covers the middle substrate layer 2 and is connected to the middle substrate layer 2.

[0012] In some embodiments, an isolation layer is included below the bottom support layer 1; a water-retaining agent layer is included between the bottom support layer 1 and the intermediate matrix layer 2.

[0013] In some embodiments, the system further includes a drip irrigation system 4, a temperature and humidity control module 5, and a biological control structure; the drip irrigation system 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom support layer 1 or the intermediate matrix layer 2; the temperature and humidity control module 5 is distributed inside the crop blanket and interacts with the intermediate matrix layer 2 to regulate temperature and humidity; the biological control structure is set at a specific location on the surface or inside the crop blanket.

[0014] In some embodiments, a reinforcing connection structure is also included. The reinforcing connection structure is disposed at the edge of the bottom support layer 1 and the middle matrix layer 2 of the crop blanket, and is one of the following: snap fastener, tape or stitch connection, tenon and mortise structure, magnetic connection structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the upper surface of the bottom support layer 1 includes a nanoscale water-absorbing coating.

[0016] In some embodiments, the intermediate matrix layer 2 is composed of peat moss, coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite, and slow-release fertilizer mixed in a certain proportion.

[0017] In some embodiments, the drip irrigation system 4 is a drip irrigation pipe with drippers spaced 20-50 cm apart.

[0018] In some embodiments, the upper covering layer 3 is a plastic sheet with holes 6, a biodegradable film, or an alginate-based biofilm. The holes 6 are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, with a hole diameter of 1-4 cm, a transverse hole spacing of 10-25 cm, and a longitudinal hole spacing of 15-35 cm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the hole 6 is sealed with soluble paper 7.

[0020] In some embodiments, the soluble paper 7 is a soluble paper with antibacterial function.

[0021] The technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] The bottom support layer can be adapted to various complex terrains and soil environments through different material selections (such as burlap, biodegradable plastic sheeting, etc.) and structural designs (such as adding an isolation layer and setting a slope). For example, it can play an isolation role in saline-alkali land and heavy metal contaminated soil, facilitate drainage on slopes, prevent seed loss, and ensure soil stability.

[0023] The intermediate substrate layer contains a mixture of various components that can be adjusted as needed to provide suitable nutrients for plant growth; the upper covering layer features a perforated design and a soluble paper seal to precisely control germination; the temperature and humidity control module regulates temperature and humidity through phase change materials and humidity sensing materials, effectively improving seed germination rate and seedling survival rate.

[0024] Precision irrigation and environmentally friendly pest control: Drip irrigation systems can adjust the layout and dripper flow rate according to the water requirements of crops to achieve precise irrigation. They are equipped with micro-filters and filter layers to prevent clogging and save water resources. Biological control structures use insect eggs of natural enemies of pests and beneficial microorganisms to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and achieve environmentally friendly pest control.

[0025] The modular splicing design can meet the needs of different scenarios; the reinforced connection structure is diverse, easy to splice and has good stability; the roll packaging saves storage space, and with the automatic unfolding device, it is convenient for storage, transportation and large-area laying. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the crop planting mat is shown;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of the sown crop blanket is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, and are not intended to imply any limitation on the scope of the disclosure.

[0029] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variations are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "at least partially based on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment". The term "another embodiment" is to be interpreted as "at least one other embodiment". The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation or being constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientations or positional relationships; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the terms "installed", "set up", "equipped with", "connected", and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are mainly used to distinguish different devices, elements, or components (the specific types and structures may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, elements, or components. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0030] This embodiment discloses a crop sowing mat, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0031] The sown crop blanket consists of a bottom support layer 1, a middle substrate layer 2, and an upper covering layer 3. In other more preferred embodiments, it may further include a drip irrigation system 4, a temperature and humidity control module 5, a biological control structure, and a reinforced connection structure.

[0032] The bottom support layer 1 is located at the bottom and plays a role in fixing the overall structure, preventing erosion, moisturizing, and retaining fertilizer. It is closely attached to the middle matrix layer 2.

[0033] The intermediate substrate layer 2 is laid on top of the bottom support layer 1. It contains a nutrient substrate suitable for plant growth and pre-buried seeds to provide nutrients and a basic environment for seed germination and plant growth.

[0034] The upper covering layer 3 covers the middle substrate layer 2, and achieves precise germination control through a perforated design and soluble paper sealing, and is connected to the middle substrate layer.

[0035] The drip irrigation system 4 is embedded or attached to the surface of the crop blanket for precision irrigation and can be fixed in place with the bottom support layer 1 or the intermediate substrate layer 2. The temperature and humidity regulation module 5 is distributed inside the crop blanket and interacts with the intermediate substrate layer 2 to regulate temperature and humidity.

[0036] Biological control structures are placed at specific locations on or inside the crop blanket to suppress pests and diseases.

[0037] The reinforced connection structure is used to connect adjacent crop mat modules, ensuring overall stability.

[0038] In a more preferred embodiment, the bottom support layer 1 is made of a base material with a slightly rough surface designed to enhance adhesion to the intermediate matrix layer. The thickness is preferably 0.2-0.5 mm. In practical applications, it unfolds flat to completely cover the ground or slope of the paved area, providing stable support for the entire crop blanket.

[0039] More preferably, the base material of the bottom support layer 1 can be burlap, biodegradable plastic sheeting, or bamboo fiber woven fabric. The thickness can be adjusted to 0.1-1 mm according to actual needs, and the tensile strength can be controlled between 25-35 N / cm by changing the weaving process. Furthermore, a nano-scale water-absorbing coating 11 can be added to the upper surface of the bottom support layer to further enhance its moisture retention performance. This coating can be made of superabsorbent resin nanoparticles, which can rapidly absorb several times their own weight in water upon contact with water and slowly release it, providing a more lasting moisture supply for seed germination.

[0040] The intermediate substrate layer 2 is composed of a mixture of various components, such as peat moss, coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite, and slow-release fertilizer, mixed in a certain proportion to create an environment suitable for plant growth. Peat moss and coconut coir provide water and fertilizer retention capacity, perlite and vermiculite improve soil aeration, and slow-release fertilizer continuously supplies nutrients. Seeds can be pre-buried evenly or buried later in the substrate, with a substrate thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm.

[0041] In an alternative implementation, for the substrate composition, some peat moss can be replaced with earthworm castings, accounting for 10%-20% of the total substrate volume. Regarding substrate thickness control, for some small herbaceous plants, the thickness can be adjusted to 0.4-1 cm to reduce material costs and weight; for plants with well-developed root systems, it can be increased to 1-2 cm to provide more space for root growth.

[0042] The upper covering layer 3 is a porous plastic sheet or a biodegradable film, or an alginate-based biofilm.

[0043] Preferably, the holes are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, with a hole diameter of 1-3 cm, a horizontal hole spacing of 10-20 cm, and a vertical hole spacing of 15-30 cm.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the holes 6 are sealed with soluble paper 7, and the upper covering layer 3 covers the middle substrate layer 2, fitting tightly to prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly and to control the direction of seed germination.

[0045] In an alternative implementation, for some plants that grow rapidly after seed germination and have large plants, the aperture can be increased to 2-4 cm, and the spacing between the apertures can be adjusted accordingly to 15-25 cm horizontally and 20-35 cm vertically, providing more space for plant growth.

[0046] The soluble paper seal 7 can be replaced with antibacterial soluble paper. Based on starch-based or cellulose-based water-soluble paper, nano-silver particles or plant-derived antibacterial agents are added to prevent seeds from being attacked by pathogens before germination.

[0047] The bottom support layer 1 is generally laid at the bottom, in contact with the ground or slope. In some special applications, such as when using crop mats on saline-alkali land or soil contaminated with heavy metals, an isolation layer (not shown in the figure), such as geotextile or geomembrane, may be included below the bottom support layer 1 of the crop mat. Geotextile can effectively prevent salt or heavy metal ions in the soil from migrating upwards, while geomembrane can prevent pollutants from penetrating into the interior of the crop mat. In this case, the bottom support layer, in addition to fixing the structure, also serves as a transition and connection between the isolation layer and the intermediate matrix layer. In addition, for some areas that require rapid drainage, such as the slopes of mountain orchards, the bottom support layer can be laid in a shape with a certain slope to facilitate rapid drainage of rainwater and prevent water accumulation from affecting seed germination and plant growth.

[0048] In one specific implementation, in vertical greening applications, the intermediate substrate layer 2 can be designed as a three-dimensional structure, such as a grid or honeycomb, attached to the support frame of the vertical wall, increasing the contact area between the substrate and the air, improving air permeability, and providing better attachment space for plant roots.

[0049] In another specific implementation, in areas with strong winds and sandstorms, the upper covering layer 1 can be extended outward by 5-10 centimeters to form a structure similar to a windproof shield, preventing wind and sand from directly hitting the seeds and seedlings and reducing water evaporation and soil erosion.

[0050] More preferably, a water-retaining agent layer (not shown in the figure) may be included between the bottom support layer 1 and the intermediate matrix layer 2. The water-retaining agent layer is made of a highly absorbent resin material, capable of absorbing hundreds of times its own weight in water and slowly releasing it during drought. The thickness of the water-retaining agent layer can be between 0.1 and 0.3 cm, and the dosage can be adjusted according to the degree of drought in different regions and the water requirements of crops.

[0051] More preferably, a light-adjusting layer (not shown in the figure) can be provided between the intermediate matrix layer 2 and the upper cover layer 3. This layer can be made of a photochromic material, which will change color under different light intensities, thereby adjusting the intensity of transmitted light.

[0052] The drip irrigation system 4 is laid along the length or width of the crop blanket, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the drip irrigation system 4 is preferably a drip irrigation pipe with drippers spaced 20-50 cm apart, a flow rate of 1-2 L / h, and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa. It is connected to the main water supply network via a quick connector. Some systems are also equipped with a soil moisture sensor and a timer controller to achieve intelligent irrigation. The drip irrigation pipe is fixed to the surface of the crop mat.

[0053] In a more preferred embodiment, the arrangement of the drip irrigation pipes can be adjusted according to the water requirements of the crop. For crops with uniform water requirements, a parallel arrangement is used; for crops with varying water requirements, a staggered or zoned arrangement is used. The dripper flow rate is adjustable, ranging from 0.5 to 3 L / h depending on different growth stages and environmental conditions. More preferably, a micro-filter is installed on the drip irrigation pipe to filter impurities in the water and prevent dripper clogging.

[0054] The drip irrigation system 4 is embedded in or attached to the surface of the crop mat. In some large-scale agricultural planting areas, for ease of maintenance and management, the main pipe of the drip irrigation system 4 can be installed underground and connected to the drip irrigation pipe on the surface of the crop mat through vertical branch pipes.

[0055] In a more preferred embodiment, the drip irrigation system 4 and the bottom support layer 1 further include a filter layer (not shown in the figure). The filter layer is made of non-woven fabric or filter mesh material, which can filter impurities, silt, and microorganisms in the irrigation water, prevent dripper clogging, and ensure the normal operation of the drip irrigation system.

[0056] In a more preferred embodiment, a temperature and humidity regulation module 5 is further included, which is composed of a phase change material and a humidity sensing material. The phase change material is uniformly distributed inside the crop blanket, in contact with the intermediate matrix layer 2, and regulates the temperature by absorbing and releasing heat. The humidity sensing material, such as a superabsorbent polymer, is distributed in the intermediate matrix layer 2 and absorbs or releases moisture according to changes in humidity. For the phase change material, polyol-based phase change materials can be selected, as they have a wider phase change temperature range and better thermal stability, enabling them to function under more complex environmental temperatures. Using a smart hydrogel as the humidity sensing material results in a more sensitive response to humidity changes and better water retention and release properties.

[0057] The biocontrol structure (not shown in the figure) includes a carrier containing insect eggs of natural enemies of pests or beneficial microorganisms, such as a sponge block or slow-release granules, placed at specific locations on or inside the crop mat. The insect enemy carrier is a biodegradable biocapsule, encapsulating insect eggs of natural enemies and adding nutrients and protectants to improve egg survival and hatching rates. The beneficial microorganisms can be a complex microbial community, such as a combination of Bacillus and Actinomycetes with functions including nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and disease resistance.

[0058] The crop planting mat provided by this utility model adopts a modular splicing design, which greatly enhances the applicability and convenience of the product in different scenarios.

[0059] Regarding the length of a single segment, a length of 5-10 meters is recommended. This length range fully considers the convenience of manual operation during actual handling and laying. When workers are handling the equipment, a length of 5-10 meters is neither too long and difficult to control, nor too short and increases the workload of splicing. However, considering the special needs of some large-scale projects, longer sizes can also be customized, up to 30 meters or more. For example, in large-scale desertification control projects, longer crop mat modules can reduce the number of splicing operations, improve laying efficiency, and more effectively and quickly cover large areas.

[0060] The edges of the crop blanket include a reinforced connection structure (not shown in the figure). This reinforcement structure can be a snap-fit, tape, or stitching connection, or a mortise and tenon design. For example, raised tenons and corresponding mortises are provided at the edges of the bottom support layer 1 and the middle substrate layer 2 of the crop blanket, allowing adjacent crop blankets to be tightly connected via the tenons and mortises. Preferably, the reinforced connection structure can be a magnetic connection structure. For example, magnetic material is embedded at the edges of the bottom support layer 1 and the middle substrate layer 2 of the crop blanket, allowing adjacent crop blankets to be connected by magnetic attraction. This connection method is more convenient to install and has a certain degree of self-positioning function. Additionally, a sealing material, such as a rubber sealing strip, can be added to the surface of the connection structure to prevent moisture and impurities from entering the connection area, improving the sealing and stability of the connection, especially suitable for humid environments or areas requiring soil erosion prevention. Alternatively, stitching can be provided at the edges of the bottom support layer 1 and the middle substrate layer 2 of the crop blanket. Stitching connections are relatively more robust and can withstand greater tensile force, ensuring that the joints of the crop blanket do not separate during long-term use in areas prone to external pulling, such as slope greening.

[0061] The width of the crop mat can be set from 0.5 to 2 meters depending on the actual application scenario. The narrower 0.5-meter width is suitable for areas with limited space, such as narrow roadside slopes and greening in urban alleys; while the 2-meter wide crop mat is more suitable for rapid laying in large, open areas, such as pasture planting areas in grasslands and ranches.

[0062] Furthermore, the crop mats are packaged in rolls, which effectively saves storage space. During warehouse storage, the rolls can be tightly stacked, significantly reducing the required storage space compared to flat storage, facilitating product storage and transportation management, and also lowering warehousing costs.

[0063] In practical applications, the crop mat provided by this invention can be laid using a laying vehicle equipped with an automatic unfolding device. The bottom support material is pre-wound onto a spool in the vehicle. During vehicle operation, by controlling the rotation speed of the spool and the vehicle speed, the bottom support layer is laid evenly and flatly on the ground or slope. It is particularly suitable for laying large areas with regular shapes.

[0064] Through the detailed explanation of each part of the new rapid-seeding crop mat technology solution, the design of alternative solutions, the improvement of operation methods, the change of installation location, the diversified selection of materials, and the insertion of new structures, a highly innovative and practical technical system has been comprehensively and deeply constructed. This system can not only better meet the needs of agriculture and ecological engineering in different scenarios, but also further improve the performance and adaptability of crop mats, laying a solid technical foundation for their widespread application and promotion.

[0065] This utility model provides a rapid-seeding crop mat, an innovative product integrating modern materials science, plant cultivation, water-saving irrigation, and ecological restoration concepts. Through modular design, integrated nutrient substrate, pre-embedded seeds, and a controllable germination mechanism, this product achieves integrated operation of sowing, water retention, fertilizer retention, and precise germination. It not only improves germination and survival rates but also significantly reduces construction difficulty and subsequent maintenance costs, demonstrating promising application prospects.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this disclosure, and in practical applications, various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A sown crop blanket, characterized in that, The system includes a bottom support layer (1), an intermediate matrix layer (2), and an upper covering layer (3). The bottom support layer (1) is located at the bottom and is closely attached to the intermediate matrix layer (2). The intermediate matrix layer (2) is laid on top of the bottom support layer (1). The upper covering layer (3) covers the intermediate matrix layer (2) and is connected to it. The bottom support layer (1) includes an isolation layer below it. A water-retaining agent layer is included between the bottom support layer (1) and the intermediate matrix layer (2). The system also includes a drip irrigation system (4), a temperature and humidity control module (5), and a biological control structure. The drip irrigation system (4) is fixed to the bottom support layer (1) or the intermediate matrix layer (2). The temperature and humidity control module (5) is distributed inside the crop blanket and interacts with the intermediate matrix layer (2) to regulate temperature and humidity. The biological control structure is set on the surface of the crop blanket.

2. The seeded crop blanket of claim 1, wherein: It also includes a reinforced connection structure, which is set at the edge of the bottom support layer (1) and the middle matrix layer (2) of the crop blanket, and is one of the following: snap fastener, tape or sewing thread connection, tenon and mortise structure, magnetic connection structure.

3. The seeded blanket of claim 2, wherein, The upper surface of the bottom support layer (1) includes a nano-scale water-absorbing coating.

4. The seeded blanket of claim 3, wherein, The drip irrigation system (4) is a drip irrigation pipe with drip heads installed on it, with the drip heads spaced 20-50 cm apart.

5. The seeded blanket of claim 4, wherein, The upper covering layer (3) is a plastic sheet with holes (6), a biodegradable film or an alginate-based biofilm. The holes (6) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern, with a diameter of 1-4 cm, a horizontal hole spacing of 10-25 cm, and a vertical hole spacing of 15-35 cm.

6. The seeded blanket of claim 5, wherein, The hole (6) is sealed with soluble paper (7).

7. The seeded blanket of claim 6, wherein, The soluble paper (7) is a soluble paper with antibacterial function.

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