Dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace
By employing a dual dust collection system combining a cyclone dust collector and a bag filter in the rare earth metal production process, the problem of low rare earth dust recovery rate was solved, achieving efficient recovery of rare earth elements and iron elements and reducing equipment costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO FUNENG NEW MATERIAL
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
The recovery rate of rare earth dust in existing technologies is low, especially in the rare earth metal production process, where the recovery rate of rare earth after cyclone dust removal is insufficient, resulting in resource waste.
The system employs a dual dust removal system. First, a cyclone dust collector separates large dust particles. Then, a bag filter is used to filter small dust particles and recover rare earth and iron elements. The system also incorporates multiple suction pipes and fans to improve efficiency.
It improves the recovery rate of rare earth dust, reduces resource waste, lowers equipment costs, and enhances dust removal efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224585602U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of flue gas purification technology, and in particular to a dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace. Background Technology
[0002] Rare earth elements are often referred to as the "vitamins of industry." They have become extremely important strategic resources. Rare earth element oxides refer to the oxides of the 15 lanthanide elements (atomic numbers 57 to 71) in the periodic table, as well as the oxides of scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y), which have similar chemical properties to the lanthanides, making a total of 17 elements. Rare earth elements are widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, textile, ceramic, glass, and permanent magnet materials industries. With technological advancements and continuous breakthroughs in application technologies, the value of rare earth oxides will continue to increase.
[0003] Currently, the production of single rare earth metals, mixed rare earth metals, and rare earth alloys mainly adopts the fluorination system molten salt electrolysis process. The anode process of rare earth oxide system molten salt electrolysis will generate a certain amount of fluorine-containing gas. When the anode gas exits, it carries molten salt and rare earth oxides into the flue gas. In addition, high-temperature volatilization also causes a certain amount of molten salt to enter the flue gas.
[0004] The better method for recovering rare earth flue gas from electrolysis in the existing technology is to use cyclone dust removal, but the rare earth recovery rate after cyclone dust removal is low.
[0005] Therefore, how to design an electrolytic rare earth dust purification system with a high rare earth recovery rate is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content
[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace.
[0007] The above-mentioned problems of this utility model are solved by the following technical solution: A dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace, used for the electrolytic smelting of rare earth elements, includes: The suction pipe has its inlet end located above the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic furnace, and it draws in the smoke and dust generated inside the electrolytic cell in a vertical direction. A cyclone dust collector is connected to the outlet end of the suction pipe, and the top is used for air outlet; The bag filter box is connected to the output end of the cyclone dust collector.
[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, this embodiment sets up two dust removal stages. After the cyclone dust collector filters out large dust particles, small dust particles are still mixed in the airflow. After passing through the bag dust collector, the small dust particles are also filtered out and collected to improve dust removal efficiency. In addition, most of the rare earth elements and iron elements mixed in the dust can be recycled and reused, reducing waste.
[0009] A further provision of the above technical solution is that the cyclone dust collector includes a cyclone tube and a fan, wherein the fan is connected to the output end at the top of the cyclone tube to drive the airflow into the inner cavity of the cyclone tube.
[0010] A further provision of the above technical solution is that the cyclone includes a cylindrical cyclone section and an inverted conical collection section formed at the lower end of the cyclone section; the inlet of the cyclone dust collector is located on the circumferential surface of the cyclone section.
[0011] A further provision of the above technical solution is as follows: an air inlet is provided on the outer periphery near the top of the cyclone, and an input port is provided in the air inlet; the outlet end of the suction pipe is connected to the input port, and the portion of the pipe near the outlet end is horizontally arranged.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the airflow, after being guided by the air guide channel, can form a rotating airflow along the cylinder wall, thereby forming a spiral motion direction.
[0013] A further provision of the above technical solution is that: an air outlet pipe is provided inside the cyclone, the upper end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the air outlet end, and the lower end is not higher than the lower end of the air inlet.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the cyclone airflow can only move to the bottom and then be output from the air outlet pipe, and cannot be output in the middle of the cyclone tube. In this way, the movement path of the cyclone airflow can be guaranteed, thereby ensuring that the smoke and dust mixed in the cyclone airflow can reach the bottom of the cyclone tube and be collected.
[0015] A further provision of the above technical solution is that a wind tunnel adapter is provided between the top of the cyclone and the fan, and the wind tunnel adapter is flared in the air outlet direction.
[0016] A further provision of the above technical solution is that the front end of the bag filter dust collector is connected to an air box, and the output end of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the air box through an air duct.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the air box is equipped with multiple inlets, which can connect to multiple air ducts. The airflow output from multiple air ducts converges in the air box to form a single airflow, which is output from the air box outlet to the bag filter dust collector for further dust removal and recycling.
[0018] A further provision of the above technical solution is that at least two suction pipes are connected to the cyclone.
[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple suction pipes are connected to one cyclone, which can remove and recover dust from multiple electrolytic furnaces, improve dust removal efficiency, and reduce equipment installation. A further provision of the above technical solution is that the cyclone dust collector includes at least two cyclone tubes and a fan, and the tops of the two cyclone tubes are connected to the same input end of the fan.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple cyclones are connected to the same cyclone adapter, and then connected to a fan through the cyclone adapter. This allows one fan to drive the airflow in two cyclones, improving driving efficiency and saving equipment costs.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model is equipped with two dust removal systems. After the cyclone dust collector filters out large dust particles, small dust particles are still mixed in the airflow. After passing through the bag dust collector, the small dust particles are also filtered out and collected to improve dust removal efficiency. Furthermore, most of the rare earth elements and iron elements mixed in the dust can be recycled and reused, reducing waste. A cyclone separator is connected to multiple suction pipes, which can perform dust removal and recovery on multiple electrolytic furnaces, improving dust removal efficiency and reducing equipment installation. Multiple cyclones are connected to the same cyclone adapter, which in turn connects to a fan. This allows one fan to drive the airflow in two cyclones, improving driving efficiency and saving equipment costs. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1.
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cyclone dust collector.
[0024] Figure 3 This is an isometric sectional view of a cyclone dust collector.
[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a cyclone dust collector.
[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure for connecting multiple cyclone dust collectors.
[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector in Example 2.
[0028] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 100, Cyclone dust collector; 110, Cyclone tube; 111, Cyclone section; 111.1, Air inlet; 111.2, Inlet; 112, Collection section; 120, Fan; 200. Baghouse dust collector; 130. Ventilation duct adapter tube; 400. Bellows; 1. Intake duct; 2. Exhaust duct; 3. Air duct. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended utility model purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
[0030] like Figure 1-6 As shown in the following embodiments, a dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace is disclosed.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] Specific reference Figure 1 As shown, a dust removal and recovery system for an electrolytic furnace is used for the electrolytic smelting of rare earth elements, including: The suction pipe 1 has its inlet end located above the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic furnace. The pipe fittings at the inlet end are vertically positioned on the electrolytic cell. In order to ensure the absorption effect, a gas collection hood can be connected to the inlet end to completely cover the opening of the electrolytic cell and vertically suck in the smoke and dust generated inside the electrolytic cell. Cyclone dust collector 100 is connected to the outlet end of the suction pipe 1, and the top is used for air outlet; The bag filter box 200 is connected to the output end of the cyclone dust collector 100.
[0033] The above is the basic scheme of this embodiment.
[0034] Cyclone dust collector 100 is a type of dust removal device. The dust removal mechanism is to make the dust-laden airflow rotate, and use centrifugal force to separate the dust particles from the airflow and collect them on the wall of the device, and then use gravity to make the dust particles fall into the ash hopper.
[0035] The cyclone dust collector 100 works by the airflow containing dust entering the dust collector through the tangential inlet. The airflow rotates inside the dust collector, and the dust particles in the airflow move towards the outer wall under the action of centrifugal force. They reach the wall surface and fall into the ash hopper under the action of airflow and gravity, thus achieving the purpose of separation.
[0036] Most of the rotating airflow moves spirally from top to bottom towards the bottom of the cone along the wall of the container, forming a descending external swirling dust-laden airflow. The centrifugal force generated during the intense rotation throws dust particles, which are much denser than gas, toward the container wall. Once the dust particles come into contact with the container wall, they lose their inertial force and fall along the wall into the dust collection hopper by the momentum of their inlet velocity and their own gravity.
[0037] In this embodiment, the airflow mixed with smoke and dust is drawn into the cyclone dust collector 100 through the suction pipe 1, forming a rotating airflow inside the cyclone dust collector 100. The smoke and dust in the airflow move towards the outer wall under the action of centrifugal force and separate from the airflow.
[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cyclone dust collector 100 includes a cyclone cylinder 110 and a fan 120. The fan 120 is connected to the output end at the top of the cyclone cylinder 110 and drives the airflow into the inner cavity of the cyclone cylinder 110.
[0039] Specific reference Figure 2 As shown, in order to ensure the driving effect of the airflow, in this embodiment, the fan 120 is set at the output end of the top of the cyclone 110. That is to say, the driving force of the fan 120 on the airflow gradually increases in the direction of gradually approaching the fan 120, so as to ensure that the driving force of the airflow in the cyclone 110 is sufficient to separate the smoke and dust.
[0040] In this embodiment, the flue gas contains a small amount of rare earth elements and iron elements, which need to be separated and recovered. In this embodiment, the cyclone 110 includes a cylindrical cyclone section 111 and a cone-shaped collection section 112 formed at the lower end of the cyclone section 111 and configured as an inverted cone. The inlet 111.2 of the cyclone dust collector 100 is located on the circumferential surface of the cyclone section 111.
[0041] When the rotating airflow inside the cyclone 110 moves in a spiral shape along the cylinder wall, it forms a descending dust-laden airflow at the outer end. During the rotation, the strong centrifugal force throws the dust mixed in the airflow toward the cylinder wall. After the dust contacts the cylinder wall and impacts it, it loses its inertial force and falls along the cylinder wall into the collection section 112 by relying only on the inlet velocity and its own gravity. In this embodiment, the collecting part 112 is configured as an inverted cone shape, and the smoke and dust gather towards the center of the bottom along the inclined guide wall, thereby collecting the smoke and dust at the center of the bottom of the collecting part 112.
[0042] To ensure that the airflow direction entering the cyclone 110 is along the cylinder wall, in this embodiment, an air inlet 111.1 is provided on the outer periphery near the top of the cyclone 110, and an inlet 111.2 is provided on the air inlet 111.1; the outlet end of the suction pipe 1 is connected to the inlet 111.2, and the part of the pipe near the outlet end is horizontally arranged.
[0043] Because the outer wall structure of the cyclone 110 is special, being an arc-shaped structure, while the airflow direction output by the suction tube is straight, if the outlet end of the suction tube is directly connected to the outer wall of the cyclone 110, the airflow entering the cyclone 110 cannot form a rotating airflow along the tube wall. In this embodiment, an air inlet 111.1 is provided, and a horizontal air guide channel is provided inside the air inlet 111.1. The end of the air guide channel is connected to the tube wall of the cyclone 110, so that after the airflow is guided by the air guide channel, it can form a rotating airflow along the tube wall, thereby forming a spiral motion direction.
[0044] The cyclone airflow spirals within the cyclone 110 and moves from top to bottom. As it moves to the collection section 112, its inner diameter continuously narrows along the inclined guide wall of the collection section 112.
[0045] The cyclone 110 has an air outlet pipe 2 inside. The upper end of the air outlet pipe 2 is connected to the air outlet end, and the lower end is not higher than the lower end of the air inlet 111.1.
[0046] Specific reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, after the rotating and descending airflow reaches the bottom of the collecting section 112, it turns upward along the axis of the cyclone 110, forming an upward inner swirling airflow. The inner swirling airflow enters the air outlet pipe 2 and is output from the cyclone 110 along the air outlet pipe 2.
[0047] Based on the above settings, the cyclone airflow can only move to the bottom and then be output from the air outlet 2, and cannot be output in the middle of the cyclone cylinder 110. In this way, the movement path of the cyclone airflow can be guaranteed, thereby ensuring that the dust mixed in the cyclone airflow can reach the bottom of the cyclone cylinder 110 and be collected.
[0048] In addition, in this embodiment, in order to improve the airflow driving efficiency, a wind tunnel adapter 130 is provided between the top of the cyclone 110 and the fan 120, and the wind tunnel adapter 130 is flared in the air outlet direction.
[0049] Preferably, in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lower port of the air duct adapter 130 is consistent with the output end of the air outlet duct 2, and the inner diameter of the upper port is consistent with the input end of the fan 120. In this way, the airflow connection can be ensured to be stable. The airflow output from the air outlet duct 2 expands in the air duct adapter 130 to form an airflow with a large inner diameter, which can be adapted to the input end of the fan 120, thereby giving the fan 120 the maximum driving efficiency.
[0050] Preferably, in this embodiment, the fan 120 is a centrifugal fan 120, with airflow entering from the center and exiting from the side of the fan 120, which can control the cross-sectional area of the output airflow.
[0051] In this embodiment, the front end of the bag filter 200 is connected to the air box 400, and the output end of the cyclone dust collector 100 is connected to the air box 400 through the air duct 3.
[0052] The air box 400 is equipped with multiple inlets that can connect to multiple air ducts 3. The airflow output from the multiple air ducts 3 converges in the air box 400 and forms a single airflow that is output from the outlet of the air box 400 to the bag filter dust collector 200 for further dust removal and recycling.
[0053] A baghouse dust collector is a dry dust collection device suitable for collecting fine, dry, non-fibrous dust. The filter bags are made of woven filter cloth or non-woven felt, utilizing the filtration effect of the fibrous fabric to filter dust-laden gas. When dust-laden gas enters the baghouse dust collector, larger, heavier dust particles settle due to gravity and fall into the ash hopper. Gas containing finer dust particles is purified as it passes through the filter media, as the dust is trapped.
[0054] After the cyclone dust collector 100 filters out large dust particles, small dust particles are still mixed in the airflow. After passing through the bag dust collector 200, the small dust particles are also filtered out and collected to improve dust removal efficiency. Furthermore, most of the rare earth elements and iron elements mixed in the dust can be recycled and reused, reducing waste.
[0055] Preferably, in order to improve dust removal efficiency, in this embodiment, at least two suction pipes 1 are connected to the cyclone 110.
[0056] In typical factory setups, multiple electrolytic furnaces are configured for simultaneous electrolysis. In this embodiment, three suction pipes 1 are connected to a single cyclone 110, enabling dust collection and recovery from three electrolytic furnaces, improving dust removal efficiency and reducing equipment installation. See details below. Figure 5 As shown.
[0057] Example 2
[0058] This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 1, and its purpose is to provide another connection method for the cyclone dust collector 100 to improve the efficiency of dust collection and recovery. The specific implementation method is as follows: The cyclone dust collector 100 includes at least two cyclone cylinders 110 and a fan 120, with the tops of the two cyclone cylinders 110 connected to the same input end of the fan 120.
[0059] Specific reference Figure 6As shown in this embodiment, a cyclone dust collector 100 includes two cyclone tubes 110 and a fan 120. Both cyclone tubes 110 are connected to the same fan tube adapter 130. The fan tube adapter 130 has two input ends and one output end. The output end is connected to a fan 120, so that a fan 120 drives the airflow in the two cyclone tubes 110, thereby improving the driving efficiency and saving equipment costs.
[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A dust removal and recovery system of an electrolytic furnace for electrolytic smelting of rare earths by means of an electrolytic furnace, characterized in that: include, The suction pipe (1) has its inlet end located above the electrolytic cell of the electrolytic furnace, and it draws in the smoke and dust generated in the electrolytic cell in a vertical direction. A cyclone dust collector (100) is connected to the outlet end of the suction pipe (1), and the top is used for air outlet; A bag filter box (200) is connected to the output end of the cyclone dust collector (100); The cyclone dust collector (100) includes a cyclone tube (110) and a fan (120). The cyclone tube (110) includes a cylindrical cyclone section (111) and a collection section (112) formed at the lower end of the cyclone section (111) and configured as an inverted cone.
2. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan (120) is connected to the output end at the top of the cyclone (110) and drives the airflow into the inner cavity of the cyclone (110).
3. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet (111.2) of the cyclone dust collector (100) is located on the circumferential surface of the cyclone section (111).
4. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air inlet (111.1) is provided on the outer periphery near the top of the cyclone (110), and an inlet (111.2) is provided on the air inlet (111.1); the outlet end of the suction pipe (1) is connected to the inlet (111.2), and the part of the pipe near the outlet end is horizontally arranged.
5. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cyclone (110) is provided with an air outlet pipe (2) inside. The upper end of the air outlet pipe (2) is connected to the air outlet end of the cyclone (110), and the lower end is not higher than the lower end of the air inlet (111.1).
6. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: A duct adapter (130) is provided between the top of the cyclone duct (110) and the fan (120), and the duct adapter (130) is flared in the air outlet direction.
7. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the bag filter box (200) is connected to the air box (400), and the output end of the cyclone dust collector (100) is connected to the air box (400) through the air duct (3).
8. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least two suction pipes (1) are connected to the cyclone (110).
9. The dust removal and recovery system of the electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone dust collector (100) includes at least two cyclone tubes (110) and a fan (120), with the tops of the two cyclone tubes (110) connected to the same input end of the fan (120).