Rockfill self-discharging apparatus

Abstract

This application relates to a rockfill unloading device, including a chassis and a truck bed mounted on the chassis, a traveling mechanism, and a power source. The truck bed includes a bottom plate and side wall assemblies. An inner push plate is provided inside the truck bed. The two sides of the inner push plate are connected to the side wall assemblies via push-up assemblies. The end of the inner push plate is rotatably connected to the end of the bottom plate, and the inner push plate can move along the length of the bottom plate. The truck bed is rotatably connected to the chassis via the push-up assemblies. During the unloading process, the central control mechanism, which outputs control signals to the push-up assemblies and the power source, controls the truck bed to first rotate relative to the chassis, then the inner push plate to translate relative to the bottom plate, and finally the inner push plate to rotate relative to the bottom plate. This application can combine multiple advantages such as high efficiency, low impact, and low unit cost in the rockfill process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of rockfill equipment for rockfill concrete dam construction, and particularly to a rockfill self-unloading device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the construction of rockfill concrete dams, rockfill technology is mainly divided into two categories: the first category is dump truck unloading combined with excavator piling, that is, dump trucks transport the rockfill to the storage area, and then excavators piling it; the second category is tower crane hoisting and piling, that is, tower cranes hoist the rockfill to the storage area, and then manual or auxiliary equipment is used for leveling.

[0003] While the first type of method mentioned above has high rockfill efficiency, it has significant drawbacks in terms of interlayer stability and cost control. Firstly, the entry of dump trucks and excavators from the outside severely contaminates the dam surface, and frequent compaction within the dam surface severely damages the interlayer bond, leading to decreased impermeability and overall stability, making the rockfill concrete dam prone to leakage or structural instability. Secondly, the impact force of dump trucks unloading causes rock fragmentation, resulting in an increased proportion of smaller-diameter stones and debris, requiring additional cleaning, which is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, the height of the rockfill after dump truck unloading is usually less than 1 meter, far below the engineering requirements, and the stones are severely fragmented, necessitating the use of excavators for assisted stacking. However, the excavator operation easily mixes in small stones and debris, further affecting construction quality. From an economic perspective, this method is costly. The price of a single excavator is usually between 2 and 3 million yuan, and the monthly rental fee exceeds 40,000 yuan (excluding fuel costs). Under ideal working conditions, a single excavator can pile up about 10,000 cubic meters of rock per month, which means the cost of piling up rock per cubic meter is 4 yuan. If fuel and losses are taken into account, the actual cost amortization can reach more than 6 yuan per cubic meter.

[0004] While the second method avoids the crushing of the silo surface by heavy machinery, protecting its integrity, and minimizes impact during hoisting, reducing the generation of crushed rock and undersized material, its overall efficiency is lower, typically less than 50% of that of a combination of dump trucks and excavators. Furthermore, tower cranes require fixed tracks, demand large operating spaces, and have poor flexibility. Additionally, the installation, maintenance, and labor costs of tower cranes are high, making them less economical for large-scale projects.

[0005] In summary, existing rockfill processes have limitations in terms of efficiency, quality, cost, and flexibility. Therefore, developing a rockfill system that combines high efficiency, low impact, low mechanical pressure, high flexibility, and low unit cost has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, this application proposes a rock dumping self-unloading device, which can spread the rock dumping material onto the silo surface with high quality and efficiency in accordance with the specifications, so as to achieve the technical effect of flexibly and efficiently unloading the stone material with low impact force and low material loss during the unloading process.

[0007] This application discloses a rock dumping self-unloading device, including a chassis and a truck bed mounted on the chassis. The truck bed has an open top and a bottom plate for receiving stones. Walking mechanisms and power sources for driving the walking mechanisms are provided on both sides of the truck bed. The truck bed is hinged to the chassis via a jacking assembly within a first tilting angle range. Side wall assemblies are fixed to both sides of the bottom plate. An inner push plate is provided inside the truck bed, parallel to the bottom plate. The two sides of the inner push plate are connected to the side wall assemblies via jacking assemblies, enabling the inner push plate to translate along the length of the bottom plate, moving from the upper surface of the bottom plate to the open top of the truck bed. The end of the inner push plate is hinged to the end of the truck bed within a second tilting angle range via a jacking assembly.

[0008] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the first flip angle is the angle between the plane where the truck bed is located and the plane where the chassis is located, within a range of no more than 80°; the second flip angle is the angle between the plane where the inner push plate is located and the plane where the chassis is located, within a range of 80°-150°.

[0009] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the sidewall assembly includes an inner wall and an outer wall arranged parallel to each other, with an accommodating space between them; the jacking assembly includes a first jacking unit, a second jacking unit, and a third jacking unit; the two ends of the first jacking unit are respectively connected to the chassis and the outer wall, and are located on the outer sides of the truck bed; the movable end of the second jacking unit is connected to the middle of the inner push plate, and the movable end of the second jacking unit is movably disposed in a first guide rail opened in the middle of the inner wall, and the fixed end of the second jacking unit is located in the accommodating space; the movable end of the third jacking unit is connected to the end of the inner push plate, and the movable end of the third jacking unit is movably disposed in a second guide rail opened at the end of the inner wall, and the fixed end of the third jacking unit is located in the accommodating space.

[0010] Optionally, according to embodiments of this application, the first jacking unit, the second jacking unit, and the third jacking unit are hydraulic working units or linkage working units.

[0011] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the hydraulic working unit includes: a fixedly installed cylinder and an axially sliding piston rod; the cylinder is a fixed end, fixed within the chassis or the accommodating space, and the end of the piston rod is a movable end; the movable end of the piston rod performs a push-pull action; the cylinder is connected to a hydraulic power module and a control system for controlling and driving the movement of the piston rod; wherein, the hydraulic power module is driven by a servo motor to power a hydraulic pump and connected to the control system via a high-pressure pipeline to the cylinder inlet, and includes a proportional valve installed on the high-pressure pipeline, a sensor for detecting pipeline pressure, and a PID controller for real-time adjustment of the proportional valve opening based on the pressure signal.

[0012] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the linkage working unit includes a four-bar linkage structure, further comprising: an active linkage, the first end of which is fixed to the chassis or the accommodating space via a first revolute joint; a driven linkage, the first end of which is hinged to the end of the active linkage via a second revolute joint; and an output linkage, the first end of which is hinged to the end of the driven linkage via a third revolute joint, and the end of which is fixed to the chassis or the accommodating space via a fourth revolute joint; wherein, the axial distance between the first revolute joint and the fourth revolute joint constitutes a fixed member, the active linkage, the driven linkage, and the output linkage constitute three moving members, and the axes of the four sets of revolute joints are arranged parallel to each other; the first end of the output linkage is the moving end of the four-bar linkage structure, and is connected to the outer wall or the middle part of the inner push plate or the end of the inner push plate.

[0013] Optionally, according to embodiments of this application, it further includes: a central control mechanism connected to the power source and the jacking assembly respectively; the central control mechanism outputs control signals to the jacking assembly to control the tilting motion of the truck bed, the translational motion of the inner push plate, and the tilting motion; the central control mechanism outputs control signals to the power source to control the walking motion of the rock dumping equipment.

[0014] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the front end of the truck bed is an open feeding end, and the end is a discharging end. The bottom of the discharging end is rotatably connected to the chassis. The discharging end is fixedly connected to a discharging guide plate, and the planes of the discharging guide plate and the bottom plate are arranged at a first obtuse angle.

[0015] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, two side wing baffles are symmetrically provided on the outer side of the connection between the end of the truck bed and the chassis. One side of the side wing baffle can be folded and connected to the outer wall of the side wall assembly. The lower end face of the side wing baffle is close to the end of the chassis. The height of the side wing baffle is adapted to the height of the truck bed. The sum of the width of the side wing baffle and the thickness of the accommodating space on the adjacent side is greater than or equal to the width of the inner push plate.

[0016] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the end of the sidewall assembly is fixedly connected to the unloading guide plate, and the second guide rail is parallel to the unloading guide plate; when the inner push plate moves relative to the bottom plate, the end of the inner push plate moves in a translational motion under the support of the unloading guide plate.

[0017] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the front surface of the side wing baffle where it contacts the pile of stones inside the silo is inclined, and when the inner push plate is located at a second predetermined angle position and the side wing baffle is open, the front surface is parallel to the inner push plate.

[0018] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, a fourth pushing unit is further included for opening the side wing baffle, the movable end of the fourth pushing unit is connected to the side wing baffle, and the fixed end of the fourth pushing unit is fixed to the chassis.

[0019] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the second predetermined angle is within the range of 120°-150° between the inner push plate and the plane of the chassis.

[0020] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, after the rock dumping equipment completes unloading, the overturning motion and translation motion are performed in the following order: the truck bed first overturns relative to the chassis, the inner push plate then translates relative to the bottom plate, and the inner push plate finally overturns relative to the bottom plate; or, after the rock dumping equipment completes unloading, the central control mechanism controls the overturning motion and translation motion to be executed synchronously.

[0021] Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the power source includes an electric drive system, an internal combustion engine hydraulic system, or a hybrid system; the walking mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged track assemblies, including two tracks and a track retraction / deployment device. Optionally, according to an embodiment of this application, the track retraction / deployment device includes: a dual-sided lifting mechanism, symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the side wall, each lifting mechanism including: a lifting arm, hinged to the side wall via a first pivot and hinged to the track via a second pivot; a drive cylinder, including a cylinder body and a piston rod, the moving end of the piston rod being hinged to the lifting arm via a third pivot; wherein, when the drive cylinder extends, it pushes the lifting arm downward to lower the track to the ground, and when it retracts, it pulls the lifting arm upward to lift the track off the ground.

[0022] The rockfill self-unloading equipment proposed in this application smoothly unloads rocks onto the construction bin surface through two flipping movements and one translation movement, reducing the proportion of rockfill breakage. The self-unloading equipment operates only within the bin surface, effectively maintaining the cleanliness of the bin area and improving the impermeability and overall stability of the dam. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The preferred embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the entire rock dumping self-unloading equipment according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of direction A;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dump truck bed of the rockfill self-unloading equipment in the overturned state according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the push plate of the rock dumping self-unloading equipment in the translation state according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a side view of the rock dumping self-unloading equipment in the flipped state according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rock dumping self-unloading equipment in the flipped state according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 This application presents a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting rod working unit of the rock dumping self-unloading equipment.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 10. Chassis; 11. Base plate; 12. Side wall assembly; 13. Inner push plate; 14. Pushing assembly; 19. Traveling mechanism; 141. First pushing unit; 142. Second pushing unit; 143. Third pushing unit; 121. Inner wall; 122. Outer wall; 50. Unloading guide plate; 80. Side wing baffle; 91. Track; 92. Track retraction device. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In the following detailed description, reference can be made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and illustrate specific embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, similar reference numerals describe substantially similar components in different figures. Specific embodiments of the present application are described in sufficient detail below to enable those skilled in the art to implement the technical solutions of the present application. It should be understood that other embodiments may also be utilized, or structural, logical, or electrical changes may be made to the embodiments of the present application.

[0035] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this application proposes a rock dumping equipment, including a chassis 10 and a truck bed (not shown) mounted on the chassis 10. To improve the load-bearing capacity and torsional stiffness of the rock dumping equipment, the chassis 10 can typically adopt a frame structure. Frame structures offer quick on-site maintenance, extend the overall service life of the vehicle, and allow for future upgrades with reinforcing components based on working conditions. The truck bed is a bucket-shaped structure with an open top, used to receive stones. Walking mechanisms 19 and power sources (not shown) driving the walking mechanisms 19 are located on both sides of the truck bed. The walking mechanisms 19 are used to drive the rock dumping equipment in reciprocating motion between the compartments.

[0036] The truck bed includes a bottom plate 11 and side wall assemblies 12 fixed to both sides of the bottom plate 11. The side wall assemblies 12 prevent stones inside the truck bed from falling outside. To unload all the stones inside the truck bed 11 onto the storage surface, an inner push plate 13 is provided inside the truck bed 11. The two sides of the inner push plate 13 are connected to the side wall assemblies 12 via push-pull assemblies 14. In some embodiments, the inner push plate 13 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate 11 inside the truck bed when not in operation.

[0037] like Figures 1-6 As shown, to avoid the influence of stones, the main bodies of the pushing components 14 on both sides of the inner pushing plate 13 are housed within the accommodating space of the side wall component 12, and their free ends are connected to the inner pushing plate 13 through inclined guide rails provided on the side wall component 12. The accommodating space can protect the pushing components 14 from free extension and retraction, and prevent interruptions in operation caused by stones pressing on the pushing components 14.

[0038] In order to be able to flip over the end of the bottom plate 11 and exit the interior of the truck bed 11 to unload all the stones, the end of the inner push plate 13 is flipped and connected to the end of the bottom plate 11. Under the drive of the push assembly 14, the inner push plate 13 can move along the length of the bottom plate 11 through the inclined guide rail opened on the side wall assembly 12, and translate relative to the bottom plate 11.

[0039] To enable the truck bed to rotate around the chassis 10 and unload all the stones, the truck bed is rotatably connected to the chassis 10 via a pusher assembly 14. The pusher assembly 14 can lift the middle of the truck bed and rotate it over a certain angle to unload the stones. The rock dumping self-unloading equipment also includes a central control mechanism (not shown in the figure) connected to the power source and the pusher assembly 14. To smoothly unload all the stones from the truck bed and ensure minimal impact force and minimal material loss during unloading, the central control mechanism controls the rotation and translation movements in the following sequence during the unloading process of the rock dumping self-unloading equipment: the truck bed first rotates relative to the chassis 10, the inner pusher plate 13 then translates relative to the bottom plate 11, and finally the inner pusher plate 13 rotates relative to the bottom plate 11. The central control mechanism outputs control signals to the jacking assembly 14 to control the tilting motion of the truck bed, the translational motion of the inner push plate, and the tilting motion. The central control mechanism also outputs control signals to the power source to control the walking motion of the rock dumping equipment.

[0040] Specifically, the rock dumping self-unloading equipment of this application first flips the truck bed relative to the chassis 10, causing the stones loaded in the truck bed to roll towards the end of the chassis 10 into the receiving range of the inner push plate 13; then, through the translational movement of the inner push plate 13, the inner push plate 13 gradually pushes the stones located at the bottom of the truck bed toward the top of the truck bed.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, since all the stones have rolled into the receiving range of the inner push plate 13 after the first flipping motion, when the inner push plate 13 moves away from the chassis 10, no stones will fall between the inner push plate and the chassis. This setting can effectively prevent the inner push plate from failing to return to its original position.

[0042] Combination Figures 5 to 6 As shown, through the second flipping motion, the inner push plate 13 flips relative to the bottom plate 10 until all the stones are piled on the bin surface, completing the unloading.

[0043] The rockfill unloading equipment of this application combines two overturning movements and one translational movement to smoothly unload the stones in the truck bed onto the construction site, which can effectively reduce the proportion of rockfill breakage and improve the structural strength and stability of rockfill concrete dams.

[0044] Continue as Figures 1-6As shown, the truck bed is hinged to the chassis 10 within a first tilting angle range. The first tilting angle is the angle between the plane of the truck bed and the plane of the chassis 10. Within an angle not exceeding 80°, it ensures that some of the stones near the end of the truck bed 11 are unloaded first, and the remaining stones gradually slide into the receiving range of the inner push plate 13. The advantage of this design is that it avoids the situation where all the stones are dumped out at once due to an excessively large tilting angle of the truck bed, resulting in a large impact on the storage surface; and it also avoids the situation where the stones fail to slide completely into the receiving range of the inner push plate 13 due to an excessively small tilting angle of the truck bed, causing some stones to fall between the inner push plate 13 and the truck bed when the inner push plate begins to unload, resulting in the inner push plate being stuck by stones when it is returned to the bottom of the truck bed and unable to return to its original position, and preventing all the stones in the truck bed from being unloaded. The inner push plate 13 is hinged to the base plate 11 within a second flip angle range. The second flip angle is the angle between the plane of the inner push plate 13 and the plane of the chassis, and the angle is between 80° and 150°. That is, when the first flipping motion is completed, the truck bed forms an acute angle of no more than 80° relative to the storage surface; then, when the inner push plate 13 moves horizontally, the angle between the truck bed and the storage surface remains unchanged, and the angle between the inner push plate 13 and the storage surface is the same, also within the range of no more than 80°; finally, after the inner push plate 13 completes the second flipping motion, the inner push plate 13 forms an obtuse angle of no more than 150° relative to the storage surface, to ensure that all the stones are unloaded and that the already piled-up material is not excessively compressed due to the excessive flipping angle of the inner push plate 13.

[0045] In some embodiments, the translational motion may partially coincide with the first flipping motion; that is, when the truck bed tilts to a certain angle, the inner push plate 13 simultaneously begins its translational motion. Specifically, during the unloading process of the rock dumping equipment, the truck bed first flips relative to the chassis 10 to a first predetermined angle. As the first flipping angle increases, and as the stones continuously roll towards the end of the chassis 10, the inner push plate 13 begins its translational motion relative to the base plate 11 while the truck bed continues its flipping motion relative to the chassis 10 until it reaches the maximum first flipping angle. The inner push plate 13 finally flips relative to the base plate 11 to a second predetermined angle. Both the first and second flips have predetermined angles, and the first predetermined angle is within the range of the first flipping angle, while the second predetermined angle is within the range of the second flipping angle.

[0046] The advantage of this design is that the impact force on the stones during unloading can be released in stages. By unloading in stages, although the total impact energy remains constant, the peak impact force is dispersed, thereby significantly reducing the risk of damage to the equipment and stones from instantaneous impact. This effectively solves the technical problem of increased material loss due to excessive unloading impact during concentrated stone drop. Specifically, when the bucket tilts to the first predetermined angle, gravity assists the stones in sliding down, reducing pushing resistance. As the bucket continues to move towards the maximum tilting angle, the translational movement of the inner push plate helps the stones fall more evenly onto the bin surface, avoiding concentrated stone drop and the sudden collapse impact caused by "material jamming" during unloading in traditional unloading equipment. Finally, when the remaining stones are further unloaded with the second tilt of the inner push plate, the inner push plate has tilted significantly, further reducing the sliding height and speed of the stones, resulting in less impact force and ensuring a smoother and more efficient unloading process.

[0047] Continue as Figures 1-6 As shown, the jacking assembly 14 includes a first jacking unit 141, a second jacking unit 142, and a third jacking unit 143. The internal structures of the three jacking units can be identical or their internal components can be added or removed according to actual usage needs. The sidewall assembly 12 includes an inner wall 121 and an outer wall 122 arranged parallel to each other, with an accommodating space (not shown in the figure) between them. Most of the main structure connected to the fixed ends of the second jacking unit 142 and the third jacking unit 143 is placed in the accommodating space. Specifically, the moving end of the second jacking unit 142 is connected to the middle of the inner push plate 13 and is movably disposed in a first guide rail (not shown in the figure) opened in the middle of the inner wall; the moving end of the third jacking unit 143 is connected to the end of the inner push plate and is movably disposed in a second guide rail opened at the end of the inner wall. The accommodating space isolates the main structures of the second pushing unit 142 and the third pushing unit 143 from the stones in the truck bed, effectively protecting the main structure of the pushing unit from the impact of the stones and preventing the pushing unit from being unable to extend and retract smoothly due to the stones. In some embodiments, the fixed end of each pushing unit is hinged to the connecting component.

[0048] Continue as Figures 1-6 As shown, the first jacking unit 141 is not located within the accommodating space because it is a component that pushes the entire truck bed to flip, rather than a component that pushes the inner push plate. The two ends of the first jacking unit 141 are connected to the chassis 10 and the outer wall 121, respectively, and are located on the outer sides of the truck bed. When the first jacking unit 141 operates, its free end extends, causing the truck bed to flip.

[0049] The aforementioned jacking assembly 14 provides power to drive the truck bed and inner push plate 13 to tilt or translate. In some embodiments, a hydraulic working unit or a linkage working unit is selected as the jacking assembly. As two typical power transmission forms in a mechanical system, both can achieve the driving and motion control of truck bed tilting, inner push plate translation and tilting through specific energy conversion mechanisms.

[0050] In some embodiments, the hydraulic working unit (not shown in the figure) includes: a fixedly mounted cylinder and an axially sliding piston rod; the cylinder is a fixed end, fixed within the chassis or the accommodating space, and the end of the piston rod is a movable end; the movable end of the piston rod performs a push-pull action; the cylinder is connected to a hydraulic power module and a control system for controlling and driving the movement of the piston rod; wherein, the hydraulic power module is driven by a servo motor to power a hydraulic pump and connected to the control system via a high-pressure pipeline to the cylinder inlet, and includes a proportional valve installed on the high-pressure pipeline, a sensor for detecting pipeline pressure, and a PID controller for real-time adjustment of the proportional valve opening based on the pressure signal.

[0051] Typically, the core of a hydraulic working unit consists of a cylinder, piston rod, hydraulic power module, and control system, which will not be elaborated further here. The fixedly installed cylinder serves as the foundation support for the actuator, secured to the chassis 10 or the accommodating space by bolts, forming a stable force reference point. The axially sliding piston rod serves as the power output end, its end connected to the driven component, such as the truck bed or inner push plate 13, via a mechanical interface, achieving push-pull action through telescopic movement. In some embodiments, the hydraulic power module consists of a servo motor driving a hydraulic pump. The servo motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, driving the hydraulic pump (such as a gear pump or piston pump) to draw hydraulic oil from the tank and pressurize it. The high-pressure oil is delivered to the cylinder inlet through a steel pipe or high-strength hose. A proportional valve installed in the oil circuit serves as the core control element, precisely controlling the flow rate and pressure transmission direction by adjusting the valve core opening. Pressure sensors located at key nodes in the pipeline collect pressure signals in real time and feed them back to the PID controller. The PID controller dynamically adjusts the proportional valve opening with a millisecond-level response speed through a closed-loop algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative control). For example, when a sudden load change causes pressure fluctuations exceeding a set threshold, it can quickly complete valve opening compensation adjustment. During operation, after the servo motor starts, it drives the hydraulic pump to establish system pressure. High-pressure oil is distributed into the cylinder through the proportional valve, pushing the piston rod to generate thrust. At the same time, the sensor continuously monitors pressure changes, and the control system maintains the pressure stable within the error range through PID calculations. After completing the action, the oil returns to the oil tank through the reversing valve, forming a complete pressure-execution-feedback control closed loop. In this application, the hydraulic working unit integrates the high rigidity of mechanical transmission with the high power density characteristics of the hydraulic system, which can effectively ensure the force control precision of the rock dumping equipment.

[0052] Traditionally, the power module in an industrial hydraulic work unit is powered by a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor, which provides the pressurized oil. Common solutions include using an asynchronous AC motor (fixed speed) to drive a constant displacement pump, and in recent years, servo / variable frequency motors (variable speed) to drive the hydraulic pump. Hydraulic pumps can be divided into two main categories: constant displacement (fixed displacement pumps) and variable displacement pumps. Both can be combined with different motor drives to form various drive methods.

[0053] like Figure 7 and combined Figures 1-6 As shown, in some embodiments, a linkage working unit can be used instead of the hydraulic working unit described above. The linkage working unit includes a four-bar linkage structure, further comprising: a driving link AB, the first end of which is fixed to the chassis 10 or the accommodating space via a first revolute joint 91; a driven link BC, the first end of which is hinged to the end of the driving link AB via a second revolute joint 92; and an output link CD, the first end of which is hinged to the end of the driven link BC via a third revolute joint 93, and the end of which is fixed to the chassis 10 or the accommodating space via a fourth revolute joint 94; wherein the axial distance between the first revolute joint 91 and the fourth revolute joint 94 constitutes a fixed member AD. In this application, the fixed member AD is the portion between the first revolute joint 91 and the fourth revolute joint 94 on the bottom plane of the chassis 10 or the accommodating space. The active link AB, the driven link BC, and the output link CD constitute three motion links, and the axes of the four sets of revolute joints 91-94 are arranged parallel to each other; the first end of the output link CD is the moving end of the four-bar hinge structure, and it is connected to the outer wall 121 or the middle part of the inner push plate 13 or the end of the inner push plate 13.

[0054] like Figure 7 As shown, when the power source (such as a motor) drives the active link AB to rotate around a fixed point A in the direction indicated by the arrow in the diagram, point B causes the driven link BC to produce planar motion, forcing point C to swing along a specific trajectory. Since one end of the output link CD is hinged to a fixed point D, the motion of the other end, point C, is constrained to be the synthesis of the circular arc trajectory around point D and the motion of the driven link BC, ultimately forming a predictable mechanical output path. For example, when the active link AB rotates clockwise, point C will push the connected inner push plate 13 or the truck bed to extend outward; when it rotates counterclockwise, it will cause the inner push plate 13 or the truck bed to retract. Its range of motion is determined by the length ratio of each link and can be adjusted according to specific working conditions.

[0055] In some embodiments, the four sets of rotating pairs described above can use low-friction bearings (friction coefficient ≤ 0.002) to ensure mechanical efficiency, while the parallel shaft system design eliminates the risk of spatial interference. This structure, by changing the rotation angle of the active connecting rod, allows the output point C to move along a specific trajectory, making it particularly suitable for scenarios requiring directional push-pull actions, such as those in the rock dumping self-unloading equipment of this application. It has the advantages of compact structure, strong determinism of motion trajectory, and low maintenance cost.

[0056] Continue as Figures 1-6 As shown, the front end of the base plate 11 is an open feed end 111, and the rear end is a discharge end 112. The bottom of the discharge end 112 can be flipped and connected to the chassis 10. The discharge end 112 is fixedly connected to a discharge guide plate 50. The planes where the discharge guide plate 50 and the base plate 11 are located form a first obtuse angle, which can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions. When the inner push plate 13 moves along the inclined guide rail opened on the inner wall 121 of the side wall assembly 12 under the drive of the second push unit 142 and the third push unit 143, the rearmost end of the inner push plate 13 can be supported on the discharge guide plate 50. Under the support, the translational movement of the inner push plate 13 can be more stable. In some embodiments, the end of the sidewall assembly 12 is fixedly connected to the unloading guide plate 50, and the second guide rail is opened parallel to the unloading guide plate 50; when the inner push plate 13 translates relative to the bottom plate 11, the end of the inner push plate 13 translates under the support of the unloading guide plate.

[0057] Continue as Figures 1-6 As shown, in order to prevent the stones on the pile from rolling down to both sides of the stone dumping equipment, two side wing baffles 80 are symmetrically provided on the outer side of the connection between the end of the truck bed and the chassis. One side of the side wing baffle 80 can be folded and connected to the outer wall 122 of the side wall assembly 12. Figure 2 As shown, the lower end face of the side wing baffle 80 is close to the end of the chassis 10; the height of the side wing baffle 80 is adapted to the height of the truck bed.

[0058] Continue as Figures 1-6 As shown, to achieve a better shielding effect, the front surface of the side wing baffle 80 where it meets the riprap is inclined, such as... Figure 6 As shown, when the inner push plate is at the second predetermined angle position and the side wing baffle 80 is open, the front surface of the side wing baffle 80 is parallel to the inner push plate 13. In some embodiments, a fourth jacking unit (not shown) is further included to open the side wing baffle 80. The moving end of the fourth jacking unit is fixedly connected to the side wing baffle 80, and the fixed end is fixed to the chassis 10. When it is necessary to open the side wing baffle 80, the fourth jacking unit is controlled to operate and open it from the side wing of the truck bed to block the stones rolling down from both sides of the pile during the stone-stacking process.

[0059] In some embodiments, the power source (not shown in the figure) includes an electric drive system, an internal combustion engine hydraulic system, or a hybrid system, used to drive the rock dumping equipment to move between the stack surfaces. The specific drive type depends on the working conditions. The walking mechanism 19 includes two symmetrically arranged track assemblies, including two tracks 91 and a track retraction device 92. The track retraction device 192 is used to lift the tracks off the ground or place them back in position to drive the rock dumping equipment to move.

[0060] In some embodiments, the track retraction device 92 includes: dual-sided lifting mechanisms (not shown in the figure), symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the side wall 121. Each lifting mechanism includes: a lifting arm, hinged to the side wall via a first pivot and hinged to the track via a second pivot; a drive cylinder, including a cylinder body and a piston rod, the moving end of the piston rod being hinged to the lifting arm via a third pivot; wherein, when the drive cylinder extends, it pushes the lifting arm downward to lower the track to the ground, and when it retracts, it pulls the lifting arm upward to lift the track off the ground.

[0061] In some embodiments, unloading and stockpiling rocks within the surface of a rockfill concrete dam using the rockfill self-unloading equipment of this application includes the following steps:

[0062] Step A1: Drive the rock dumping self-unloading equipment to the preset loading point;

[0063] Step A2: Drive the track retraction device to lift the track off the ground;

[0064] Step A3: The external loading truck transports the stones to the loading point. At least part of the loading truck body drives into the truck bed from the feed end of the rock dumping equipment to facilitate stable unloading. After unloading the stones into the truck bed, the loading truck drives out.

[0065] Step A4: Drive the track retraction device to lower the track to the ground;

[0066] Step A5: Drive the rockfill unloading equipment to the unloading point inside the rockfill bin where rock needs to be unloaded;

[0067] Step A6: Use the rock dumping equipment to pile the stones in the truck bed into the rock dump bin;

[0068] Step A7: Determine whether the rock pile height in the rock pile bin has reached the required rock pile height. If it has, stop rock pile piling. If the preset rock pile height has not been reached, repeat steps A1-A6 to continue piling until the required rock pile height is reached.

[0069] In some embodiments, tower cranes can be used to hoist and pile stones, that is, the tower cranes can hoist the stones to the silo surface, and then the stones can be leveled by manpower or auxiliary equipment to maintain the height of the pile. Alternatively, the stones can be transported to the silo surface by a stone unloading device first, and then an excavator can be used to pile the stones to adjust the height of the pile in the silo surface.

[0070] In summary, this application achieves a combined "push-and-top" unloading process by controlling the hopper to initially tilt within a first tilting angle, allowing the stones to slowly slide down solely due to gravity. Subsequently, the inner push plate moves along the bottom plate, pushing the stones out of the hopper surface as a whole. Then, within a second tilting angle, the inner push plate is tilted out of the hopper, resulting in a combined unloading motion of two tilting actions combined with one translational movement. This composite motion significantly reduces the stone's drop height and impact velocity. The rockfill self-unloading equipment, operating only within the hopper surface, effectively maintains cleanliness between hoppers, improving the dam's impermeability and overall stability.

[0071] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rock dumping self-unloading device, comprising a chassis and a truck bed mounted on the chassis, the truck bed having an open upper end and a bottom plate for receiving stones, a traveling mechanism and a power source for driving the traveling mechanism on both sides of the truck bed, and the movement of the truck bed being controlled by a control center, characterized in that, The truck bed is hinged to the chassis via a jacking assembly within a first tilting angle range; Side wall assemblies are fixed on both sides of the base plate; The truck bed is provided with an inner push plate that is parallel to the bottom plate. The two sides of the inner push plate are connected to the side wall assembly through a push assembly, which enables the inner push plate to move along the length of the bottom plate, so as to move from the upper surface of the bottom plate of the truck bed to the upper opening of the truck bed. The end of the inner push plate is hinged to the end of the truck bed via a push assembly within a second flip angle range.

2. The rock dump arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that The first flipping angle is the angle between the plane where the truck bed is located and the plane where the chassis is located, and is within a range of no more than 80°; The second flipping angle is the angle between the plane where the inner push plate is located and the plane where the chassis is located, which is in the range of 80°-150°.

3. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall assembly includes an inner wall and an outer wall that are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart, with an accommodating space between them; The jacking assembly includes a first jacking unit, a second jacking unit, and a third jacking unit; The two ends of the first jacking unit are respectively connected to the chassis and the outer wall, and are located on the outer sides of the truck bed; The movable end of the second push unit is connected to the middle of the inner push plate, and the movable end of the second push unit is movably disposed in the first guide rail opened in the middle of the inner wall, and the fixed end of the second push unit is located in the accommodating space. The movable end of the third pushing unit is connected to the end of the inner pushing plate, and the movable end of the third pushing unit is movably disposed in the second guide rail opened at the end of the inner wall. The fixed end of the third pushing unit is located in the accommodating space.

4. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first, second, and third jacking units are hydraulic working units or connecting rod working units.

5. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic working unit includes: A fixedly installed cylinder body and an axially sliding piston rod; the cylinder body is a fixed end, fixed within the chassis or the accommodating space, and the end of the piston rod is a movable end; the movable end of the piston rod performs a push-pull action; The cylinder is connected to the hydraulic power module and the control system, and is used to control and drive the movement of the piston rod; wherein, The hydraulic power module is driven by a servo motor to power a hydraulic pump and connected to the control system via a high-pressure pipeline to the cylinder inlet. It includes a proportional valve installed on the high-pressure pipeline, a sensor for detecting pipeline pressure, and a PID controller that adjusts the opening of the proportional valve in real time according to the pressure signal.

6. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linkage working unit includes a hinged four-bar structure, and further includes: The active linkage has its first end fixed to the chassis or the accommodating space via a first revolute joint; The driven link has its first end hinged to the end of the driving link via a second revolute joint; The output link has its first end hinged to the end of the driven link via a third revolute joint, and its end fixed within the chassis or the accommodating space via a fourth revolute joint; wherein, The axial distance between the first revolute joint and the fourth revolute joint constitutes a fixed rod. The active connecting rod, the driven connecting rod, and the output connecting rod constitute three kinematic rods. The axes of the four sets of revolute joints are arranged parallel to each other. The first end of the output connecting rod is the moving end of the four-bar hinge structure and is connected to the outer wall or the middle part of the inner push plate or the end of the inner push plate.

7. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A central control mechanism is connected to the power source and the jacking assembly respectively. The central control mechanism outputs control signals to the jacking assembly to control the tilting motion of the truck bed, the translational motion of the inner push plate, and the tilting motion. The central control mechanism also outputs control signals to the power source to control the walking motion of the rock dumping equipment.

8. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front end of the truck bed is an open feeding end, and the rear end is a discharging end. The bottom of the discharging end can be flipped and connected to the chassis. The discharging end is fixedly connected to a discharging guide plate, and the planes of the discharging guide plate and the base plate are set at a first obtuse angle.

9. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two side wing baffles are symmetrically provided on the outer side of the connection between the end of the truck bed and the chassis. One side of the side wing baffle can be folded and connected to the outer wall of the side wall assembly. The lower end face of the side wing baffle is close to the end of the chassis. The height of the side wing baffle is adapted to the height of the truck bed. The sum of the width of the side wing baffle and the thickness of the accommodating space on the adjacent side is greater than or equal to the width of the inner push plate.

10. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The end of the sidewall assembly is fixedly connected to the unloading guide plate, and the second guide rail is parallel to the unloading guide plate; when the inner push plate moves relative to the bottom plate, the end of the inner push plate moves in a translational motion under the support of the unloading guide plate.

11. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The front surface of the side wing baffle where it meets the pile of stones inside the silo is inclined. When the inner push plate is at a second predetermined angle and the side wing baffle is open, the front surface is parallel to the inner push plate.

12. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a fourth jacking unit for opening the side wing baffle, the movable end of the fourth jacking unit being connected to the side wing baffle, and the fixed end of the fourth jacking unit being fixed to the chassis.

13. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the unloading process of the rockfill self-unloading equipment, the overturning motion and translation motion are performed in the following sequence: The truck bed first rotates relative to the chassis to a first predetermined angle; The inner push plate then translates relative to the bottom plate while the truck bed continuously rotates relative to the chassis to the maximum first rotation angle. The inner push plate eventually flips relative to the base plate to a second predetermined angle; wherein... The first predetermined angle is within the range of the first flip angle, and the second predetermined angle is within the range of the second flip angle.

14. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second predetermined angle is within the range of 120°-150° between the inner push plate and the plane of the chassis.

15. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power source includes an electric drive system, an internal combustion engine hydraulic system, or a hybrid system; the walking mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged track assemblies, including two tracks and a track retraction and extension device.

16. The rockfill self-unloading equipment according to claim 15, characterized in that, The track retraction / deployment device includes: Dual-sided lifting mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the side wall. Each lifting mechanism includes: The lifting arm is hinged to the side wall via a first pivot and to the track via a second pivot; The drive cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston rod, the moving end of which is hinged to the lifting arm via a third rotating shaft; wherein, When the drive cylinder extends, it pushes the lifting arm downward to lower the track to the ground; when it retracts, it pulls the lifting arm upward to lift the track off the ground.

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