High-deep straight shaft dust pollution control device
By combining gradient negative pressure design with cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit, the problem of low dust diffusion and capture efficiency in deep wells is solved, achieving high-efficiency dust control, reducing escape rate and maintenance costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHEJIANG JIANHUI MINING CONSTRUCTION GROUP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively address the vertical diffusion of dust in deep wells and the capture of dust at the bottom, resulting in a high dust escape rate, which affects ore quality and increases maintenance costs.
It adopts a gradient negative pressure design and an annular negative pressure dust collection hood, combined with a micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit, to form a directional airflow barrier, dynamically adjust the negative pressure intensity, and combine a laser dust concentration meter and Doppler radar for real-time monitoring and control.
It achieves precise dust control throughout the entire deep well, reduces dust escape rate, improves dust capture efficiency, and reduces ore adhesion and maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224592177U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mine dust control technology, specifically a device for controlling dust pollution in deep straight chutes. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of mining, during the ore transportation process in deep vertical shafts (depth > 100m), the high-speed fall of ore causes violent impacts, resulting in a large amount of dust being stirred up again. Existing technologies mainly employ two types of solutions: Dust suppression spraying system: suppresses dust by spraying water mist on the well wall, but the water mist settling efficiency is low in deep well environments and it is easy to cause ore adhesion and scale buildup on the well wall, which affects ore quality and increases maintenance costs. Negative pressure dust collection device: A centralized negative pressure dust collector is installed at the wellhead, but due to the imbalance of the negative pressure gradient in the deep well, the negative pressure at the wellhead is strong and the negative pressure at the bottom is weak, so the dust at the bottom cannot be effectively captured, and secondary dust is generated when the ore impacts the bottom of the well.
[0003] After actual measurement and analysis, it was found that the dust escape rate of chutes with a depth of >200m was as high as 40%, and the PM10 concentration exceeded the limit by more than 5 times.
[0004] Existing technologies struggle to overcome shortcomings such as negative pressure attenuation in deep wells, low dynamic dust capture efficiency, and insufficient control of impact dust. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated device that can adapt to deep well structures and achieve precise dust control throughout the entire process. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for controlling dust pollution in deep straight wells, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: The dust pollution control device for deep straight sluice gates includes a sluice gate with an inlet at the top and an inclined chute outlet at the bottom. Multiple sets of annular negative pressure dust collection hoods are spaced apart on the side wall of the sluice gate. The annular negative pressure dust collection hoods are correspondingly installed in the openings opened on the inner wall of the gate. The inner end of each annular negative pressure dust collection hood is connected to an independent branch air duct. The device adopts a gradient negative pressure design: the negative pressure is strongest at the gate section (-3000Pa) and gradually weakens at the bottom (-1000Pa), forming a directional airflow barrier. An annular high-pressure fan is installed inside the independent branch air duct. The end of the independent branch air duct away from the annular negative pressure dust collection hood is connected to the main negative pressure air duct. One-way valves and micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal units are respectively installed on the main negative pressure air ducts between adjacent independent branch air ducts. The one-way valve is used to prevent the backflow of airflow inside the main negative pressure air duct, and the micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit is used to remove dust and purify the gas discharged to the well, thereby reducing air pollution.
[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the annular negative pressure dust cover is an adaptive telescopic structure, comprising a shape memory alloy skeleton, a wear-resistant ceramic liner, and guide fins.
[0008] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the wear-resistant ceramic liner is a composite layer of silicon carbide ceramic and high-chromium cast iron with a thickness of 20mm; the guide fins are hydraulically driven to achieve an angle adjustment of 0°-45°.
[0009] As a further aspect of this utility model: the longitudinal spacing of the annular negative pressure dust collection hood is configured according to the depth of the chute. At a depth of 0-100m, with a spacing of 15m, the negative pressure intensity is -3000Pa; at a depth of 100-300m, with a spacing of 20m, the negative pressure intensity is -2000Pa. When the depth is greater than 300m, the spacing is 30m, and the negative pressure intensity is -1000Pa.
[0010] As a further embodiment of this utility model: in the micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit: The cyclone pre-separator captures coarse dust particles with a diameter >50μm; Applying 80kV electrostatic adsorption in the high-voltage ionization zone to adsorb fine dust of 0.1-50μm; The honeycomb dust collector uses regular hexagonal electrode plates with a plate spacing of 20mm.
[0011] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the guide fins are connected to the negative pressure chamber, the negative pressure chamber is connected to the main negative pressure duct through an independent branch air duct, and the main negative pressure duct extends to the outside of the top of the chute.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: by longitudinally grading the arrangement of the annular negative pressure dust collection hood and regulating the annular high-pressure fan, a gradient negative pressure is achieved from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, forming a directional airflow barrier to block the longitudinal diffusion of dust; A monitoring network consisting of a laser dust concentration meter, Doppler radar, and air pressure gradient sensor is used to dynamically adjust the negative pressure intensity and air cushion pressure to adapt to changes in ore flow and avoid system blockage. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of a dust pollution control device for deep straight wells.
[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of A in the diagram.
[0015] Among them: 10 chute, 11 annular negative pressure dust collection hood, 12 air pressure gradient sensor, 13 laser dust concentration meter, 14 Doppler radar, 15 duct opening, 16 oblique air intake channel, 21 independent branch air duct, 22 annular high pressure fan, 23 main negative pressure air duct, 24 guide valve, 25 cyclone pre-separator, 26 high voltage ionization zone, 27 honeycomb dust collection electrode. Detailed Implementation
[0016] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.
[0017] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0018] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] Please see Figures 1-2The device for controlling dust pollution from a deep straight chute includes a chute 10. The chute 10 has an inlet at the top and an inclined chute outlet at the bottom. Multiple sets of annular negative pressure dust collection hoods 11 are spaced apart on the side wall of the chute 10. The annular negative pressure dust collection hoods 11 are correspondingly installed in the openings 15 on the inner wall of the chute. The inner end of each annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11 is connected to an independent branch air duct 21. The device adopts a gradient negative pressure design: the negative pressure is strongest at the chute opening (-3000Pa) and gradually weakens at the bottom (-1000Pa), forming a directional airflow barrier. An annular high-pressure fan 22 is installed inside the independent branch air duct 21. The end of the independent branch air duct 21 away from the annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11 is connected to the main negative pressure air duct 23. One-way valves 24 and micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal units are respectively installed on the main negative pressure air duct 23 between adjacent independent branch air ducts 21. The one-way valve 24 is used to prevent the backflow of airflow inside the main negative pressure air duct 23. The micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit is used to remove dust and purify the gas discharged to the outside of the well, that is, to reduce air pollution. Among them, the top of the main negative pressure ventilation duct 23 extends to the outside of the top of the chute 10; The micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit is equipped with a cyclone pre-separator 25, a high-voltage ionization zone 26, and a honeycomb dust collection electrode 27 from bottom to top. The cyclone pre-separator 25 is used to remove coarse dust with a diameter greater than 50μm from the dust-laden airflow. The high-voltage ionization zone 26 generates 80kV static electricity to adsorb fine dust of 0.1-50μm. The honeycomb dust collection electrode 27 is set as a regular hexagonal electrode plate with a spacing of 20mm. The honeycomb structure forms a laminar boundary layer, reducing the probability of dust escape.
[0021] A laser dust concentration meter 13 is installed at the entrance of each annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11 to dynamically adjust the operating power of the annular high-pressure fan 22. A Doppler radar 14 is installed on one side of the middle section of the ore pass 10 to monitor the speed of ore falling in real time; Multiple sets of pressure gradient sensors 12 are longitudinally arrayed on the well wall of well 10. The pressure gradient sensors 12 monitor the pressure at each height in real time, thereby accurately maintaining the distribution of negative pressure. Among them, the annular negative pressure dust suction hood 11 is set as an adaptive telescopic dust suction hood, which adopts a shape memory alloy skeleton + wear-resistant elastic cover. It can automatically adjust the opening angle (30°-90°) according to the ore flow rate to avoid clogging.
[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, the outer end of the wellhead 15 is connected to an inclined air intake channel 16 opened on the well wall. The inclined air intake channel 16 absorbs dust while preventing falling rocks from contacting and colliding with and damaging the annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11. The annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11 includes a wear-resistant ceramic liner for impact resistance, with a thickness of 20mm in the dynamic air cushion layer. The wear-resistant ceramic liner is provided with guide fins on the inner side for controlling the direction of airflow. A negative pressure chamber is provided on the inner side of the guide fins for dust collection and pressure adjustment. The negative pressure chamber is then connected to the independent branch air duct 21. Specifically, the guide fins are controlled by an adjustable hydraulic drive, with an adjustment angle of 0-45° to guide the flow of dust, and the wear-resistant ceramic liner is made of silicon carbide ceramic + high chromium cast iron composite layer (hardness ≥ HRC62).
[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal spacing of the annular negative pressure dust extraction hoods 11 is determined according to the depth of the chute 10, and generally: The depth of chute 10 is 0-100m; the spacing between adjacent annular negative pressure dust collection hoods 11 is 15m; the negative pressure intensity is -3000Pa. Well 10 depth: 100-300m, spacing between adjacent annular negative pressure dust collection hoods 11: 20m, negative pressure intensity: -2000Pa 10 Depth: >300m, spacing between adjacent annular negative pressure dust collection hoods 11 is 30m, negative pressure intensity: -1000Pa.
[0024] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In the idle position of this device, all the aforementioned driving components (representing power elements, electrical devices, and compatible power supplies) are connected via wires. The electrical connections are completed in sequence between the working components. The detailed connection methods are well-known in the field. The following mainly describes the working principle and process, without further explanation of the electrical control. Doppler radar 14 monitors ore falling velocity in real time and obtains bottom hole impact data; Dust capture stage: The annular negative pressure dust collection hood 11 guides the dust-laden airflow into the negative pressure chamber through the guide fins (0°-45° adjustable); The laser dust concentration meter 13 provides dynamic feedback data, and the annular high-pressure fan 22 adjusts the negative pressure intensity of the independent branch air duct 21.
[0025] Dust purification stage: Dust-laden airflow enters the main negative pressure airflow duct 23 through the independent branch airflow duct 21, and the one-way valve 24 prevents the airflow from flowing back. The airflow passes sequentially through the cyclone pre-separator 25 (for removing coarse dust), the high-voltage ionization zone 26 (for electrostatic adsorption), and the honeycomb dust collection electrode 27 (for collecting fine dust). The purified gas is then discharged outside the well.
[0026] Adaptive regulation: Pressure gradient sensor 12 detects and maintains negative pressure distribution in each well section; The shape memory alloy frame automatically adjusts the opening angle of the annular negative pressure dust hood 11 to match the air intake volume of the air intake channel 16.
[0027] It should be understood that in this application, all rotating, sliding, meshing, belt-driven and other moving parts are well lubricated and not prone to slippage or wear, and each part is provided with a corresponding protective shell. However, in the accompanying drawings of this application, the connection state of each moving part is not shown. It should also be understood that all parts in this application are made of metal or plastic materials with suitable strength in the relevant field to ensure that their structural rigidity meets the actual requirements.
[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1. A dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes, characterized in that, include: The chute (10) has an inlet at the top and an inclined chute outlet at the bottom. Multiple sets of annular negative pressure dust collection hoods (11) are longitudinally spaced on the side wall of the chute (10). The annular negative pressure dust collection hoods (11) are correspondingly set in the openings (15) opened on the inner wall of the chute. The outer end of the opening (15) is connected to the inclined air intake channel (16) opened on the chute wall. The inner end of each annular negative pressure dust collection hood (11) is connected to an independent branch air duct (21). Each annular negative pressure dust collection hood (11) is connected to an independent branch air duct (21). An annular high pressure fan (22) is installed inside the independent branch air duct (21). Each independent branch air duct (21) converges into the main negative pressure air duct (23). A laser dust concentration meter (13) is installed at the inlet of the annular negative pressure dust collection hood (11), a Doppler radar (14) is installed in the middle of the chute (10), and air pressure gradient sensors (12) are arranged longitudinally at intervals on the well wall of the chute (10); The main negative pressure air duct (23) is equipped with a one-way valve (24) and a micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit. The micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit includes a cyclone pre-separator (25), a high-voltage ionization zone (26), and a honeycomb dust collection electrode (27) from bottom to top.
2. The dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular negative pressure dust collection hood (11) is an adaptive telescopic structure, comprising a shape memory alloy skeleton, a wear-resistant ceramic liner, and a flow guide fin.
3. The dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wear-resistant ceramic liner is a composite layer of silicon carbide ceramic and high-chromium cast iron with a thickness of 20mm; the guide fins are hydraulically driven to achieve an angle adjustment of 0°-45°.
4. The dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal spacing of the annular negative pressure dust collection hood (11) is configured according to the depth of the chute: At a depth of 0-100m, with a spacing of 15m, the negative pressure intensity is -3000Pa; At a depth of 100-300m, with a spacing of 20m, the negative pressure intensity is -2000Pa; When the depth is greater than 300m, the spacing is 30m, and the negative pressure intensity is -1000Pa.
5. The dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the micro cyclone-electrostatic composite dust removal unit: The cyclone pre-separator (25) captures coarse dust with a particle size >50μm; High-voltage ionization zone (26) applies 80kV electrostatic adsorption to 0.1-50μm fine dust; The honeycomb dust collection electrode (27) is a regular hexagonal electrode plate with a plate spacing of 20mm.
6. The dust pollution control device for deep straight chutes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide fins are connected to the negative pressure chamber, which is connected to the main negative pressure duct (23) through an independent branch air duct (21). The main negative pressure duct (23) extends to the outside of the top of the chute (10).