Multi-scene timing perception acquisition internet of things configuration circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of multi-scene timing sensing collection internet of things configuration circuit, belong to internet of things technical field, overcome the existing environmental monitoring circuit board timing collection inaccuracy, internet of things protocol adaptation single, integrated collaborative missing problem.The utility model includes main control unit, timing control module, sensor control module and internet of things communication module, wherein, sensor control module, internet of things communication module are connected with timing control module and are connected with main control unit, wherein, timing control module is at least composed of relay and triode, internet of things communication module at least includes WiFi module and external 4G module interface, sensor control module is composed of terminal, photocoupler and fuse.It can be known from this, the utility model cooperates control relying on timer function and relay, can realize minute level timing accuracy, adapts plant factory, fire emergency and different scene, and relay accurate control sensor is collected data within a day in specific time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and specifically relates to a multi-scenario timed sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the field of environmental monitoring, there are significant technical shortcomings in the hardware equipment for scenarios such as plant factories and fire emergency response:

[0003] 1. Insufficient flexibility in timed data acquisition: Existing monitoring circuit boards mostly use a single timer chip (such as the 555 timer) to control sensor acquisition, which only supports fixed-cycle (such as 1 hour / time) acquisition. It cannot be accurately adjusted according to the specific time requirements of different scenarios (such as plant factories needing to collect light / humidity data at 6 am, 12 pm, and 6 pm, and fire sites needing to collect gas / temperature data every 30 minutes). In addition, the lack of coordinated control between relays and the main controller can easily lead to sensor power consumption during non-acquisition periods, shortening the equipment's battery life.

[0004] 2. Weak IoT configuration adaptability: Most devices only support a single communication protocol (such as TCP only), and cannot be compatible with multiple IoT protocols such as MQTT (low power adaptation for long-term monitoring of plant factories) and UDP (high-speed adaptation for real-time data transmission at fire scenes). In addition, they lack stable connection with 4G modules, and data transmission is prone to interruption in remote plant factories or ruins without WiFi.

[0005] 3. Lack of integrated collaborative capabilities: Existing devices mostly only perform a single "acquisition-transmission" function, failing to form a closed loop with the cloud system encompassing "data storage-front-end interaction-video stream processing." For example, fire scene video streams cannot be uploaded to the cloud in real time; large models cannot automatically save frame data and acquisition paths when detecting key frames of dense smoke / high temperature; and plant factory growth environment data cannot be linked and displayed with the front-end interface, resulting in poor scene adaptability. This design uses ESP32 as its core, addressing the shortcomings of the aforementioned existing technologies through relay timing control, multi-protocol compatibility, and cloud collaboration.

[0006] In view of this, this application proposes a multi-scenario timing sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a multi-scenario timed sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit, thereby overcoming the problems of inaccurate timed acquisition, single IoT protocol adaptation, and lack of integrated collaboration in existing environmental monitoring circuit boards. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] A multi-scenario timing sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit includes a main control unit, a timing control module, a sensor control module, and an IoT communication module. The sensor control module and the IoT communication module are both connected to the timing control module and the main control unit. The timing control module consists of at least a relay and a transistor. The IoT communication module includes at least a WiFi module and an external 4G module interface. The sensor control module consists of terminals, optocouplers, and fuses.

[0009] Preferably, the timing control module includes a drive unit and a voltage divider / filter unit. The drive unit includes a transistor Q1 and a relay RLY1. The voltage divider / filter unit includes resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4, and capacitors C3, C9, C12, and C13. The main control unit is connected to the base of transistor Q1 via resistor R1, and the emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the relay RLY1 coil. The positive terminal of the relay RLY1 coil is connected to the power supply via resistor R3. One end of resistor R4 is connected to the main control unit, and the other end is connected to the power supply. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the relay RLY1 coil. Capacitors C9, C12, and C13 are connected in parallel across the base and ground of transistor Q1, across resistor R3, and across the power supply and ground, respectively. The normally open terminal of relay RLY1 is connected in series in the sensor power supply circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the IoT communication module includes a crystal oscillator U3, capacitors C7 and C8, resistors R7 and R8, a WiFi antenna, and a 4G module interface. The two ends of the crystal oscillator U3 are respectively connected to the two pins of the main control unit. Capacitors C7 and C8 are connected in parallel between the two ends of the crystal oscillator U3 and ground. Resistors R7 and R8 are connected in series between the main control module and the 4G module interface.

[0011] Preferably, the sensor control module includes terminal U5, fuse F1, optocoupler U4, resistor R9, and resistor R10. The sensor is connected through terminal U5 and receives power from relay RLY1 via fuse F1. The signal output by the sensor enters the primary side of optocoupler U4 and is transmitted to the main control unit through the secondary side after electrical isolation.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a data and video interaction module, which is connected to the main control unit. The data and video interaction module includes an interface USB1, an LED2, an OUT1, and a camera. The camera transmits video streams to the main control unit through the USB1 interface. The main control unit packages the video frames and the sensor data collected at the same time and uploads them to the cloud. The LED2 and OUT1 use different colors to indicate their working status.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a power management module, which includes a linear regulator U2, an inductor L1, capacitors C4, C5, C6, and C11, a diode D1, and an input power interface. The input power is protected against reverse connection by the diode D1, then filtered by an LC filter circuit composed of inductor L1 and capacitor C4 to remove high-frequency noise, before entering the linear regulator U2 to be converted to 3.3V, and finally output after secondary filtering by capacitors C5, C6, and C11.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention includes a main control unit, a timing control module, a sensor control module, and an IoT communication module. The sensor control module and the IoT communication module are both connected to the timing control module and the main control unit. The timing control module consists of at least a relay and a transistor. The IoT communication module includes at least a WiFi module and an external 4G module interface. The sensor control module consists of terminals, an optocoupler, and a fuse. Therefore, this invention, relying on the timer function and relay coordination, can achieve minute-level timing accuracy, adapting to different scenarios such as plant factories and fire emergencies. It precisely controls the sensor to collect data at specific times within a day through relay control. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] Figure 1 This is the overall schematic diagram of the XY_ESP32 circuit board;

[0018] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram for the timing control module;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram for an IoT communication module.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the data and video interaction module;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the circuit diagram for the power management module;

[0022] Figure 6 This is the circuit diagram for the sensor control module. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "top surface", "bottom surface", "inner", "outer", "inner side", "outer side", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used in the description, they are for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. The embodiments of this utility model will now be described based on its overall structure.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-6 The embodiments of this utility model will be further described below.

[0028] In one embodiment of this utility model, a multi-scenario timing sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit is provided, as detailed below:

[0029] I. Overall Architecture Design and Core Invention Point Positioning

[0030] To address the issues of inaccurate timing, limited protocols, and lack of coordination in existing environmental monitoring equipment, this invention adopts a three-layer architecture design of "core control + functional modules + collaborative logic" based on the technical solution of "An IoT configuration circuit board based on XY_ESP32.docx" and the schematic diagram of "SCH_Schematic1_2025-09-03.pdf".

[0031] The XY_ESP32 circuit board is based on the XY_ESP32 main control chip (U1, corresponding to BOM No. 22, model ESP32-S3FH4R2), and integrates five major functional modules (each module is matched with schematic wiring and BOM components): ① Timing control module (precise timing - power failure closed loop), ② Sensor control module (multi-type sensor compatibility + overcurrent protection), ③ IoT communication module (multi-protocol adaptive switching), ④ Data and video interaction module (audio and video - data collaborative upload), and ⑤ Power management module (wide voltage input + low ripple output).

[0032] Each module is connected via gold-plated wiring on the PCB surface (impedance control ≤50Ω). The overall form factor is A4 (210mm×297mm), with a PCB thickness of 1.6mm (FR-4 material). It can be directly embedded into the wall-mounted monitoring box of a plant factory and the housing of fire emergency IP65 waterproof equipment. All modules are highly integrated, with no external DuPont wires, and the vibration resistance level meets the IEC 60068-2-6 standard (10-55Hz, amplitude 0.35mm).

[0033] II. Detailed Design of Each Functional Module (Matching Schematic Diagram and BOM)

[0034] 1. Timing control module (Core invention point 1: Precise timing - power failure closed loop)

[0035] (1) Components

[0036] Main control unit: XY_ESP32's Timer1 peripheral (16-bit auto-reload mode, clock source is APB1 clock, frequency 80MHz);

[0037] Drive unit: Transistor Q1 (BOM No. 13, model S8050, NPN type, amplification factor β = 100-300), Relay RLY1 (BOM No. 19, model SRD-05VDC-SL-C, coil voltage 5V, contact current 10A, pull-in time ≤10ms);

[0038] Voltage divider / filter unit: Resistors R1-R2 (BOM No. 14, 5.1KΩ, accuracy ±1%), R3 (BOM No. 15, 1KΩ), R4 (BOM No. 16, 10KΩ pull-up resistor), capacitors C3 / C9 / C12 / C13 (BOM No. 1, 100nF, X7R material, withstand voltage 16V).

[0039] (2) Structural relationship (corresponding to schematic wiring)

[0040] The GPIO43 pin of XY_ESP32 (marked "IO43" in the schematic) is connected to the base of Q1 via R1 (5.1KΩ). The emitter of Q1 is grounded, and the collector is connected to the negative terminal of the RLY1 coil. The positive terminal of the RLY1 coil is connected to the +5V power supply via R3 (1KΩ). One end of R4 (10KΩ) is connected to GPIO43, and the other end is connected to +3.3V (pull-up). C3 (100nF) is connected in parallel across the RLY1 coil (to suppress back electromotive force when the power is off). C9 / C12 / C13 (100nF) are connected in parallel across the base of Q1 to ground, across R3, and +5V to ground, respectively (to filter out high-frequency noise). The normally open terminal of RLY1 is connected in series in the sensor power supply circuit (one end is connected to the +3.3V sensor power supply, and the other end is connected to the sensor VCC pin).

[0041] (3) Function and Innovation Principles

[0042] Timing Configuration: Users send JSON commands via the cloud (e.g., {"scene":"plant","time":["06:00","12:00","18:00"]}), and XY_ESP32 parses and configures Timer1: Taking an 80MHz clock source as an example, to time 1 minute, the automatic reload value needs to be set to (80MHz / 1024 divider) - 1 = 78124 (the clock period after 1024 divider is 12.8μs). Combined with the 32.768KHz RTC crystal oscillator calibration of the "XTAL_32K_P / XTAL_32K_N" pins in the schematic diagram, the timing error is ≤±2 seconds / day;

[0043] Trigger-Power-Off Closed Loop: Upon reaching the set time, Timer1 generates an interrupt, GPIO43 outputs a 3.3V high level, and after voltage division by R1, the base current of Q1 Ib = (3.3V-0.7V) / (5.1KΩ+10KΩ)≈198μA, and the collector current Ic = β×Ib≈19.8mA (satisfying RLY1 pull-in current ≥10mA), RLY1 pulls in, and the sensor is powered on for data acquisition; after data acquisition is completed (duration can be set, such as 5 seconds), GPIO43 outputs a low level, Q1 is turned off, RLY1 is disconnected, and the sensor is powered off—compared to the existing "constantly powered acquisition", the power consumption during non-acquisition periods is reduced from 50mA to 5mA, a reduction of 90%;

[0044] Anti-malfunction design: The pull-up resistor R4 is used to prevent the level from being uncertain when GPIO43 is floating. Before the actual interrupt is triggered, GPIO43 is preset to a low level to ensure that Q1 is cut off and RLY1 is disconnected, thus avoiding accidental activation.

[0045] 2. Sensor control module (Invention point 2: Multi-type sensor compatibility + overcurrent protection)

[0046] (1) Components

[0047] Interface unit: Terminal block U5 (BOM No. 26, model KF128-2.54-7P, 7-pin screw type, 2.54mm pitch, supports AC 250V / 10A);

[0048] Protection Units: Fuse F1 (BOM No. 8, Model RT0603BRC07500RL, 500Ω, fusing current 0.5A, response time ≤100ms), Optocoupler U4 (BOM No. 25, Model EL817S1(C)(TU)-G, isolation voltage 5000Vrms, current transfer ratio CTR=50-600%);

[0049] Enable unit: transistor Q1 (S8050) and resistors R9-R10 (BOM No. 18, 1kΩ, for voltage divider) of the multiplexing timing control module.

[0050] (2) Structural Relationship

[0051] The sensor's VCC pin is connected to the normally open terminal of RLY1 via F1, the GND pin is directly grounded, and the SIG (signal) pin is connected to the anode of the primary side of U4. The cathode of the primary side of U4 is connected to +3.3V via R9 (1kΩ), the collector of the secondary side is connected to GPIO21 of XY_ESP32 (marked "IO21" in the schematic diagram), and the emitter of the secondary side is grounded via R10 (1kΩ). The 7 pins of U5 correspond to "VCC, GND, SIG1, SIG2, SIG3, NC, NC" respectively, supporting simultaneous connection of 3 sensors (such as light + humidity + CO).

[0052] (3) Function and Innovation Principles

[0053] Multi-sensor compatibility: The U5's 3 SIG pins support analog signals (such as 0-3.3V light sensors) and digital signals (such as I2C humidity sensors), which can be read through the XY_ESP32's 12-bit ADC (accuracy ±1LSB) or I2C peripherals without the need to change the interface;

[0054] Overcurrent protection: When the sensor is short-circuited (such as VCC-GND short-circuited), F1 triggers a 0.5A fuse current to cut off the power supply circuit and prevent overload of the +3.3V main power supply of the circuit board;

[0055] Isolation and anti-interference: The U4 optocoupler achieves electrical isolation between the sensor end and the main control end, preventing strong electromagnetic interference from high-voltage equipment at the fire scene from entering the XY_ESP32 and causing the main control to crash. Existing technology has no isolation design, and the interference failure rate is ≥15%. This design reduces it to ≤1%.

[0056] 3. Internet of Things (IoT) communication module (Invention Point 3: Multi-protocol adaptive switching)

[0057] (1) Components

[0058] Wireless Unit: XY_ESP32 integrates a 2.4GHz WiFi module (BOM No. 22, supports 802.11b / g / n, maximum transmission rate of 72.2Mbps, transmit power of 19dBm, receive sensitivity of -97dBm) and an external 4G module interface (Mini PCIe slot, supports LTE Cat.4, downlink rate of 150Mbps);

[0059] Clock unit: Crystal U3 (BOM No. 24, model TAXM40M4ZHBCDT2T, 40MHz, accuracy ±10ppm, load capacitance 18pF), 32.768KHz RTC crystal oscillator for the “XTAL_32K_P / XTAL_32K_N” pins in the schematic (not listed separately in BOM, load capacitance 6pF);

[0060] Matching units: Resistors R7-R8 (BOM No. 17, 22R, for impedance matching), capacitors C7-C8 (BOM No. 4, 15pF, crystal oscillator load capacitors).

[0061] (2) Structural Relationship

[0062] The U3 crystal oscillator is connected to XTAL_P (pin 54) / XTAL_N (pin 53) of XY_ESP32. C7 / C8 are connected in parallel to ground across the crystal oscillator (providing 18pF load capacitance). The UART_TX / RX of the 4G module are connected to U0RXD (pin 50) / U0TXD (pin 49) of XY_ESP32. R7 / R8 are connected in series in the UART line (matching 50Ω impedance to reduce signal reflection). The antenna pin of the WiFi module ("LNA_IN" in the schematic diagram) is connected to an external PCB antenna (2dBi gain, omnidirectional radiation).

[0063] (3) Function and Innovation Principles

[0064] Multi-protocol adaptive: The XY_ESP32 firmware supports "automatic protocol switching logic" - commands are sent from the cloud (such as {"protocol":"MQTT"}), and the main controller automatically initializes the corresponding peripherals: the plant factory uses the MQTT protocol (PUB / SUB mode, preset Broker address, 10s heartbeat, power consumption ≤10mA), the fire scene uses the TCP protocol (persistent connection, 5s timeout reconnection, 3 data retransmissions), and the rubble relay uses the UDP protocol (connectionless, preset port, maximum data packet size 1460 bytes, 30% speed increase).

[0065] Dual wireless backup: The WiFi module works first (near distance ≤100m). When the WiFi signal strength is <-80dBm, it automatically switches to the 4G module to ensure uninterrupted data transmission. Existing technologies only have a single wireless connection, with an interruption rate of ≥5%. This design reduces it to ≤0.5%.

[0066] Precise clock: The U3's 40MHz crystal oscillator provides the clock for communication peripherals, with a baud rate error of ≤0.1% (e.g., ≤11.52bps for a baud rate of 115200bps), avoiding data transmission misalignment.

[0067] 4. Data and Video Interaction Module (Invention Point 4: Collaborative Upload of Audio and Video Data)

[0068] (1) Components

[0069] Video interface: USB1 (BOM No. 27, Model TYPE-C 16PIN 2MD(073), supports USB 2.0, transmission rate 480Mbps, reversible plug design);

[0070] Data interaction: XY_ESP32's SPI2 peripheral (pin 33 = SPICLK, 34 = SPIQ, 35 = SPID, clock frequency 10MHz, mode 0);

[0071] Status indicators: RGB LED2 (BOM No. 11, model WS2812B-B / T, built-in GRB chip, refresh rate ≥400Hz), LED OUT1 (BOM No. 12, model NCD0805R1, red, current 20mA, voltage 1.8V);

[0072] Button control: Tactile switches SW1-SW2 (BOM No. 21, model TS342A2P 160gf 021, travel 0.25mm, life 1 million cycles).

[0073] (2) Structural Relationship

[0074] The D+ / - pins of USB1 are connected to the USB_DP / USB_DM integrated in XY_ESP32 (not separately labeled in the schematic, but integrated in U1), for connecting a 1080P / 30fps miniature camera; the SPICLK / SPIQ / SPID pins of SPI2 are connected to the corresponding pins of the cloud system for data upload; the DIN pin of LED2 is connected to GPIO13 of XY_ESP32 (labeled "IO13" in the schematic), and the DOUT pin is left floating (supports cascading); the anode of OUT1 is connected to +3.3V through a 1K resistor, and the cathode is connected to GPIO14 of XY_ESP32; SW1 is connected to GPIO0 (reset function), and SW2 is connected to GPIO1 (manual / automatic acquisition switching).

[0075] (3) Function and Innovation Principles

[0076] Audio / Video-Data Collaboration: The camera transmits a 1080P video stream (approximately 2MB per frame) via USB1. The XY_ESP32 packages the video frames and concurrent sensor data (such as temperature 25℃ and humidity 60%) into a JSON format ({"frame":"base64 encoding","temp":25,"hum":60}), and uploads it to the cloud via SPI2 with a latency of ≤1s.

[0077] Key frame feedback: The cloud-based YOLOv8 large model detects key frames (such as fire smoke grayscale value ≤ 50, plant leaves yellowing RGB value R > G+B), sends a "save command", XY_ESP32 controls LED2 to light up red (for 2 seconds), and records the GPS path (such as {"lat":23.02,"lng":113.75,"path":"fire scene B area 10m"});

[0078] Manual emergency control: When cloud communication is interrupted, press SW2 to switch to "manual acquisition", press SW1 to trigger an acquisition. OUT1 will light up green to indicate successful acquisition and light up red to indicate failure, thus improving emergency reliability.

[0079] 5. Power Management Module (Invention Point 5: Wide Voltage Input + Low Ripple Output)

[0080] (1) Components

[0081] Voltage Regulator Unit: Linear Regulator U2 (BOM No. 23, Model ME6217C33M5G, Input Voltage 2.5V-6V, Output Voltage 3.3V±2%, Output Current 500mA, Dropout Voltage 0.2V);

[0082] Filtering unit: Inductor L1 (BOM No. 10, model 10uH, shielded, DC resistance ≤0.5Ω, saturation current 1A), capacitors C4 / C6 / C11 (BOM No. 2, 10uF, tantalum capacitor, withstand voltage 6.3V), C5 (BOM No. 3, 2.2uF, ceramic capacitor, X5R material);

[0083] Power supply switching: Diode D1 (BOM No. 7, Model M4, Schottky type, forward voltage drop 0.3V, rated current 1A).

[0084] (2) Structural Relationship

[0085] The input power (optional 5V USB or 12V battery) is connected to one end of L1 via D1 (reverse protection), and the other end of L1 is connected to the VIN pin (pin 1) of U2; the GND pin (pin 2) of U2 is grounded, and the VOUT pin (pin 4) outputs 3.3V; C4 (10uF) is connected in parallel to the L1 input terminal-ground, C6 (10uF) is connected in parallel between U2 VIN and VOUT, C11 (10uF) is connected in parallel to U2 VOUT-ground, and C5 (2.2uF) is connected in parallel to U2 VIN-ground; the 3.3V output is divided into 3 paths: powering the XY_ESP32, the sensor, and the communication module.

[0086] (3) Function and Innovation Principles

[0087] Wide voltage input: The D1+U2 supports 2.5V-6V input (covering 5V USB, 3.7V lithium battery, and 12V battery voltage divider), while existing technology only supports 5V±0.5V, making it suitable for more power supply scenarios;

[0088] Low ripple output: L1 (10uH) + C4 (10uF) form an LC filter circuit with a cutoff frequency f = 1 / (2π√(LC)) ≈ 159kHz, filtering out high-frequency noise above 159kHz; U2 output ripple ≤ 50mV (measured value), far lower than the 100mV of existing technology, ensuring that the sensor ADC reading error is ≤ 0.5%;

[0089] Reverse connection protection: D1 conducts in the forward direction and cuts off in the reverse direction. When the positive and negative terminals of the input power supply are reversed, D1 will cut off and disconnect the circuit to prevent U2 and XY_ESP32 from burning out.

[0090] III. Module Collaboration Workflow (Closed Loop Across All Scenarios)

[0091] 1. Initialization phase (completed within 1 second after power-on)

[0092] Power management module: U2 outputs 3.3V, filtered and stabilized by C4 / C5 / C6 / C11; XY_ESP32 is triggered by SW1 or reset upon power-on, and reads preset scene parameters (such as plant factory collection time) from FLASH.

[0093] Communication module: The WiFi module initializes, scans for nearby access points (APs), and connects to the preset router; if no connection is established within 5 seconds, it switches to the 4G module and establishes a TCP connection with the cloud.

[0094] Timing module: Configure Timer1 in XY_ESP32, load the RTC clock calibration value, and set the first acquisition time (e.g., 06:00 on the same day).

[0095] 2. Timed data collection phase

[0096] Trigger: Timer1 interrupt trigger, GPIO43 outputs high level, Q1 conducts, RLY1 is energized, sensor is powered on via F1, OUT1 lights up green (data acquisition begins);

[0097] Data reading: GPIO21 is enabled, U4 optocoupler is turned on, XY_ESP32 reads sensor data through ADC / I2C, and USB1 receives camera video frames.

[0098] 3. Data transmission stage

[0099] Packaging: XY_ESP32 packages "sensor data + video frames + GPS path" into JSON, uploads it to the cloud via SPI2, and LED2 lights up blue during the transmission process;

[0100] Feedback: After successful reception in the cloud, "ACK" is sent, and the XY_ESP32 controls LED2 to light up green (transmission successful); if it fails, it will retransmit 3 times, and if it still fails, LED2 will light up red.

[0101] 4. Dormancy and Cyclic Phase

[0102] Power off: After data acquisition is complete, GPIO43 outputs a low level, RLY1 disconnects, and the sensor is powered off; XY_ESP32 enters deep sleep mode (power consumption ≤1mA);

[0103] Wake-up: The 32.768KHz RTC timer wakes up XY_ESP32, and the above process is repeated until the next acquisition time.

[0104] The specific structure of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0105] like Figure 1 As shown, the core components include the following:

[0106] U1: XY_ESP32 main control chip (BOM No. 22, model ESP32-S3FH4R2, QFN-56 package, pins 54=XTAL_P, 53=XTAL_N connected to 40MHz crystal oscillator, pins 49=U0TXD, 50=U0RXD connected to 4G module);

[0107] RLY1: Relay (BOM No. 19, Model SRD-05VDC-SL-C, Coil voltage 5V, Normally open terminal connected in series with sensor power supply circuit);

[0108] U2: Linear regulator (BOM No. 23, model ME6217C33M5G, SOT-23-5 package, pin 1 = VIN, pin 4 = VOUT, output 3.3V);

[0109] USB1: TYPE-C interface (BOM No. 27, 16-pin specification, D+ / - pin connects to the USB module of U1, used to connect a miniature camera);

[0110] U5: Sensor terminal block (BOM No. 26, model KF128-2.54-7P, 7-pin structure, marked "VCC, GND, SIG1, SIG2, SIG3");

[0111] U4: Optocoupler (BOM No. 25, model EL817S1, 4-pin structure, primary side connected to the sensor SIG signal terminal, secondary side connected to the GPIO21 pin of U1);

[0112] SW1-SW2: Tactile switches (BOM No. 21, model TS342A2P, SW1 is connected to the GPIO0 pin of U1 to realize the reset function, and SW2 is connected to the GPIO1 pin of U1 to realize the function switching).

[0113] F1: Fuse (BOM No. 8, 500Ω specification, connected in series with the sensor's VCC power supply terminal, blows when there is an overcurrent of 0.5A)

[0114] The XY_ESP32 circuit board uses U1 as the main control center, showcasing the hardware connections of five major functional modules: the left side connects to the timing control module (composed of RLY1 relay + Q1 transistor), the right side connects to the IoT communication module (composed of U1 integrated WiFi module + external 4G module interface), the bottom connects to the sensor control module (composed of U5 terminal + U4 optocoupler + F1 fuse) and the power management module (composed of U2 voltage regulator + L1 inductor + C4 capacitor), and the top connects to the data and video interaction module (composed of USB1 interface + LED2 indicator + OUT1 indicator). The overall circuit adopts a "star topology" wiring to reduce electromagnetic interference between modules, adapting to installation needs in various scenarios such as precision planting in plant factories and emergency monitoring at fire scenes.

[0115] like Figure 2 As shown, the core components of the timing control module circuit are as follows:

[0116] U1 GPIO43: Timer trigger signal output pin, directly connected to R1 (5.1KΩ resistor);

[0117] Q1: Transistor (BOM No. 13, model S8050, base connected to R1, collector connected to the negative terminal of RLY1 coil, emitter grounded);

[0118] R1-R4: Resistors (R1 = 5.1KΩ, BOM No. 14; R3 = 1KΩ, BOM No. 15; R4 = 10KΩ, BOM No. 16, where R4 is the pull-up resistor for pin U1 GPIO43);

[0119] C3 / C9: Capacitors (BOM No.1, 100nF specification, C3 is connected in parallel across the RLY1 coil to suppress back electromotive force when power is off, C9 is connected in parallel between the base of Q1 and ground to filter out high-frequency noise);

[0120] RLY1 pin definitions: Pin 1 = Coil positive terminal (connected to +5V power supply), Pin 2 = Coil negative terminal (connected to Q1 collector), Pin 3 = Normally open terminal (connected to sensor VCC terminal), Pin 4 = Common terminal (connected to +3.3V power supply).

[0121] The timing control module circuit demonstrates the complete logic path of "timing signal → transistor drive → relay activation": When U1GPIO43 outputs a high level, the signal is divided by R1, causing Q1 to conduct, the RLY1 coil to be energized and activated, and the sensor receives power; when U1GPIO43 outputs a low level, Q1 is cut off, the RLY1 coil is de-energized and disconnected, and the sensor stops receiving power; the pull-up resistor R4 ensures that GPIO43 remains at a low level when there is no signal, avoiding relay malfunction and realizing closed-loop control of "timing trigger - acquisition - power off".

[0122] like Figure 3 As shown, the core components of the IoT communication module circuit are as follows:

[0123] U3: 40MHz crystal oscillator (BOM No. 24, model TAXM40M4ZHBCDT2T, 2-pin structure, connected to the XTAL_P and XTAL_N pins of U1 respectively at both ends);

[0124] C7-C8: Capacitors (BOM No. 4, 15pF specification, connected in parallel between the two ends of U3 crystal oscillator and ground, providing 18pF load capacitance for the crystal oscillator);

[0125] R7-R8: Resistors (BOM No. 17, 22R specification, connected in series between the U0TXD / U0RXD pins of U1 and the 4G module to achieve 50Ω impedance matching);

[0126] WiFi antenna: Built-in antenna on PCB, connected to the LNA_IN pin of U1, with a gain of 2dBi and an omnidirectional radiation direction;

[0127] 4G module interface: Mini PCIe slot, the TX / RX pins of the slot are connected to the U0RXD / U0TXD pins of U1 respectively, and the VCC pin of the slot is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

[0128] The IoT communication module circuit demonstrates the clock and interface design logic of the communication module: the U3 crystal oscillator provides an 80MHz stable clock for U1 to ensure communication baud rate accuracy; resistors R7-R8 can reduce reflection interference during UART signal transmission; the WiFi module is activated first during operation (adapted to short-distance scenarios ≤100m), and automatically switches to the 4G module when the WiFi signal strength is <-80dBm, achieving "dual wireless uninterrupted" transmission; the diagram marks the "protocol switching logic": cloud sends protocol commands → U1 firmware parses → switches WiFi / 4G transmission channels and MQTT / TCP / UDP communication protocols.

[0129] like Figure 4 As shown, the main components of the data and video interaction module are as follows:

[0130] USB1: TYPE-C interface (BOM No. 27, marked "D+, D-, VBUS, GND", VBUS pin is connected to +5V power supply after reverse connection protection via diode D1);

[0131] LED2: RGB LED (BOM No. 11, model WS2812B-B / T, DIN pin connected to GPIO13 of U1, marked "Red = key frame saved, green = normal state, blue = data transmission in progress");

[0132] OUT1: Red LED (BOM No. 12, model NCD0805R1, connected to GPIO14 of U1 via a 1K resistor, marked "green = successful acquisition, red = failed acquisition");

[0133] U1 SPI2 interface: Pins 33 = SPICLK, 34 = SPIQ, 35 = SPID, which are connected to the corresponding SPI pins of the cloud system and are marked "transmission rate 10MHz";

[0134] Camera: Miniature 1080P camera (USB interface, directly connects to USB1, labeled "video stream frame rate 30fps").

[0135] The data and video interaction module demonstrates the complete path of "video acquisition → data packaging → upload → status indication": The camera transmits the video stream to U1 via USB1. U1 packages the video frames with the sensor data acquired at the same time and uploads them to the cloud via the SPI2 interface; LED2 and OUT1 use different colors to reflect the working status, making it convenient for on-site personnel to make intuitive judgments; the diagram marks "key frame feedback logic": The cloud-based large model detects key frames (such as fire smoke, abnormal plant leaves) → sends a command to U1 → U1 controls LED2 to light up red and records the GPS acquisition path.

[0136] like Figure 5 As shown, the main components of the power management module are as follows:

[0137] U2: Linear regulator (BOM No. 23, marked "Input voltage 2.5-6V, Output voltage 3.3V±2%, Output current 500mA");

[0138] L1: Inductor (BOM No. 10, 10uH specification, marked "DC resistance ≤ 0.5Ω, saturation current 1A", connected in series with the front end of the VIN pin of U2);

[0139] C4 / C5 / C6 / C11: Capacitors (C4 = 10uF, BOM No. 2; C5 = 2.2uF, BOM No. 3; C6 = 10uF, BOM No. 2;

[0140] C11 = 10uF, BOM No. 2, marked "C4+C6 form LC filter, C5 is used for U2 input filter, and C11 is used for U2 output filter");

[0141] D1: Diode (BOM No. 7, Model M4, Schottky type, marked "forward voltage drop 0.3V, rated current 1A", connected in series with the input power supply terminal to achieve reverse connection protection);

[0142] Input power interface: labeled "compatible with 5V USB / 12V battery", connected to inductor L1 via diode D1.

[0143] The power management module circuit demonstrates the voltage processing path of "wide voltage input → LC filtering → voltage regulation → low ripple output": After the input power is reverse-connected by D1, it is filtered by the LC filter circuit composed of L1+C4 to remove high-frequency noise, and then enters the U2 regulator to convert it to 3.3V. Finally, it is output after secondary filtering by C5+C6+C11. The diagram indicates "output ripple ≤ 50mV" to ensure the stable operation of the U1 main controller, sensor, and communication module. The D1 diode prevents the device from burning out due to reverse polarity of the input power, and L1+C4 can filter out high-frequency interference >159kHz.

[0144] like Figure 6 As shown, the main components of the sensor control module circuit are as follows:

[0145] U5: 7-pin terminal (BOM No. 26, marked "Pin1=VCC, Pin2=GND, Pin3=SIG1, Pin4=SIG2, Pin5=SIG3, Pin6=NC, Pin7=NC");

[0146] F1: Fuse (BOM No. 8, marked "500Ω specification, fusing current 0.5A", connected in series between Pin1 of U5 and the normally open terminal of RLY1);

[0147] U4: Optocoupler (BOM No. 25, marked "Primary side: Pin1 = Anode connected to the SIG terminal of U5, Pin2 = Cathode connected to R9 (1kΩ resistor); Secondary side: Pin3 = Collector connected to GPIO21 of U1, Pin4 = Emitter connected to R10 (1kΩ resistor)");

[0148] R9-R10: Resistors (BOM No. 18, 1kΩ specification, marked "R9 is used for current limiting on the primary side of the optocoupler, R10 is used for pull-down on the secondary side of the optocoupler").

[0149] The sensor control module circuit demonstrates the working path of "sensor access → signal isolation → main control reading": The sensor is connected through the U5 terminal and receives power from RLY1 via the F1 fuse; the SIG signal output by the sensor enters the primary side of the U4 optocoupler, and after electrical isolation, it is transmitted to GPIO21 of U1 via the secondary side; F1 can be fused when the sensor is short-circuited to protect the main circuit of the circuit board; the U4 optocoupler can isolate strong electromagnetic interference at the sensor site (such as interference from high-voltage equipment at a fire scene), and supports simultaneous access of 3 sensors (such as light sensor connected to SIG1, humidity sensor connected to SIG2, and CO sensor connected to SIG3).

[0150] To further illustrate the application of this utility model, this embodiment will provide a further explanation of the process in conjunction with the following two scenarios:

[0151] Scenario 1: Plant Factory Growth Environment Monitoring Scenario 1. Hardware Connection: Connect the light sensor and humidity sensor to the circuit board sensor interface via terminals (BOM item 26, model KF128-2.54-7P). Connect the 4G module to the UART pin of XY_ESP32 (U1). Connect the relay (RLY1) in series in the sensor power supply circuit. 2. Parameter Configuration: Set the timing strategy through the cloud front-end interface—collect data at 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 6:00 PM daily. Select MQTT (low power) as the communication protocol. 3. Operation Process: After the set time, XY_ESP... 32. Output trigger signal controls relay closure, sensor is powered on to collect light (range 0-10000 lux) and humidity (range 0-100% RH) data, data is transmitted to the cloud via MQTT protocol through 4G module; relay is opened during non-collection periods, sensor is powered off; 4. Collaborative processing: cloud stores data and generates growth environment curves, which are displayed in real time on the front-end interface; if yellowing of crop leaves is detected in the video stream (large model recognition), the cloud automatically saves the current frame and marks the collection path (e.g., "3rd row of A area in plant factory"), users can view abnormal frames and corresponding environmental data through the front end to achieve precise control.

[0152] Scenario 2: Emergency Monitoring at a Fire Scene 1. Hardware Connection: Connect the CO sensor and high-temperature sensor to the circuit board. Connect the 4G module to the XY_ESP32 communication pin. Connect the video device via the USB interface (BOM item 27, TYPE-C16PIN). 2. Parameter Configuration: Set the cloud to collect CO concentration (range 0-500ppm) and temperature (range -20℃~150℃) every 30 minutes. Select TCP (reliable transmission) as the communication protocol. 3. Operation Process: When the timer expires, the relay closes to start sensor acquisition. Data is uploaded to the cloud via TCP protocol. The video stream is transmitted to the cloud in real time. If the large model detects a dense smoke frame (grayscale value ≤50), the cloud immediately saves the frame and records the acquisition path (e.g., "Area B of the fire scene, 10m from the entrance"). 4. Emergency Support: Rescue personnel can view real-time gas / temperature data and key video frames through the front-end interface to avoid entering high-risk areas. Simultaneously, the circuit board can act as a communication relay in the ruins, forwarding data from other monitoring devices and expanding the monitoring range.

[0153] Through simulation, this utility model can achieve at least the following technical effects:

[0154] 1. Precise timing data acquisition: Relying on the timer function of XY_ESP32 and the relay (item 19 in BOM, model SRD-05VDC-SL-C) for coordinated control, minute-level timing accuracy can be achieved. For example, in a plant factory scenario, light and humidity data can be collected at 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 6:00 PM. In a fire scenario, CO and temperature data can be collected every 30 minutes. During non-collection periods, the relay disconnects the power supply to the sensor, reducing power consumption by more than 30%.

[0155] 2. Strong IoT configuration adaptability: XY_ESP32 (item 22 in BOM) natively supports MQTT, TCP, and UDP protocols. When used with a 4G module, it can achieve communication adaptation for different scenarios. For example, MQTT protocol is used in plant factories to reduce power consumption during long-term monitoring, TCP protocol is used in fire scenes to ensure data transmission reliability, and UDP protocol is used in ruins areas to improve communication relay rate. The data transmission success rate can reach more than 98%, and it is compatible with different backend systems.

[0156] 3. Integrated and Efficient Collaboration: The circuit board and cloud system work together to achieve: ① Data storage: Environmental data (such as light intensity in a plant factory or temperature at a fire scene) is uploaded and stored in real time with a storage latency of ≤1s; ② Front-end interaction: Users can view real-time data and historical curves through the front-end interface with a response time of ≤0.5s; ③ Video stream processing: When the cloud-based large model detects key video frames (such as dense smoke from a fire or abnormal plant leaves), it saves the current frame and records the acquisition path within 100ms, providing a basis for scene analysis.

[0157] 4. Stable adaptability to multiple scenarios: The power management module adopts a linear regulator (item 23 in BOM, model ME6217C33M5G) to output a stable 3.3V voltage. With the help of a fuse (item 8 in BOM, 500Ω) protection circuit, it can work stably in environments with 85% humidity in plant factories and -20℃ to 80℃ in fire scenes, with a continuous operation failure rate of ≤2%.

[0158] In summary, this utility model includes a main control unit, a timing control module, a sensor control module, and an IoT communication module. The sensor control module and the IoT communication module are both connected to the timing control module and the main control unit. The timing control module consists of at least a relay and a transistor. The IoT communication module includes at least a WiFi module and an external 4G module interface. The sensor control module consists of terminals, an optocoupler, and a fuse. Therefore, this utility model, relying on the timer function and relay coordination, can achieve minute-level timing accuracy, adapting to different scenarios such as plant factories and fire emergencies. It precisely controls the sensor to collect data at specific times within a day through relay control.

[0159] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make modifications, substitutions, variations, and various choices and changes to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, provided that such modifications, substitutions, variations, and choices and changes are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A multi-scenario timing-aware acquisition IoT configuration circuit, comprising: It includes a main control unit, a timing control module, a sensor control module, and an IoT communication module. The sensor control module and the IoT communication module are both connected to the timing control module and the main control unit. The timing control module consists of at least a relay and a transistor. The IoT communication module includes at least a WiFi module and an external 4G module interface. The sensor control module consists of terminals, optocouplers, and fuses.

2. The multi-scene timing-aware collection IoT configuration circuit of claim 1, wherein, The timing control module includes a drive unit and a voltage divider / filter unit. The drive unit includes a transistor Q1 and a relay RLY1. The voltage divider / filter unit includes resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4, and capacitors C3, C9, C12, and C13. The main control unit is connected to the base of transistor Q1 via resistor R1, and the emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the relay RLY1 coil. The positive terminal of the relay RLY1 coil is connected to the power supply via resistor R3. One end of resistor R4 is connected to the main control unit, and the other end is connected to the power supply. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel across the relay RLY1 coil. Capacitors C9, C12, and C13 are connected in parallel across the base and ground of transistor Q1, across resistor R3, and across the power supply and ground, respectively. The normally open terminal of relay RLY1 is connected in series in the sensor power supply circuit.

3. The multi-scene timing-aware collection IoT configuration circuit of claim 2, wherein, The IoT communication module includes a crystal oscillator U3, capacitors C7 and C8, resistors R7 and R8, a WiFi antenna, and a 4G module interface. The two ends of the crystal oscillator U3 are connected to the two pins of the main control unit, respectively. Capacitors C7 and C8 are connected in parallel between the two ends of the crystal oscillator U3 and ground, respectively. Resistors R7 and R8 are connected in series between the main control module and the 4G module interface.

4. The multi-scenario timing sensing and acquisition IoT configuration circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor control module includes terminal U5, fuse F1, optocoupler U4, resistor R9, and resistor R10. The sensor is connected through terminal U5 and receives power from relay RLY1 via fuse F1. The signal output by the sensor enters the primary side of optocoupler U4 and is transmitted to the main control unit through the secondary side after electrical isolation.

5. The multi-scenario timing-aware collection IoT configuration circuit of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a data and video interaction module, which is connected to the main control unit. The data and video interaction module includes an interface USB1, LED2, LEDOUT1, and a camera. The camera transmits video streams to the main control unit through the USB1 interface. The main control unit packages the video frames and the sensor data collected at the same time and uploads them to the cloud. LED2 and LEDOUT1 use different colors to indicate their working status.

6. The multi-scenario timing-aware collection IoT configuration circuit of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a power management module, which consists of a linear regulator U2, an inductor L1, capacitors C4, C5, C6, and C11, a diode D1, and an input power interface. The input power is protected against reverse connection by the diode D1, then filtered by an LC filter circuit composed of inductor L1 and capacitor C4 to remove high-frequency noise, before entering the linear regulator U2 to be converted to 3.3V, and finally output after secondary filtering by capacitors C5, C6, and C11.

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