Exhaust structure, battery pack shell, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack shell, a battery pack and an electric equipment, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The exhaust structure is used for connecting a cavity of a battery pack with the outside world, and comprises a shell and a phase change adsorption assembly. The shell is provided with an exhaust passage; the phase change adsorption assembly comprises a phase change member and an adsorption member; and at least one phase change member is arranged upstream of the adsorption member in the airflow direction of the exhaust passage. By arranging the phase change member and the adsorption member in the exhaust passage, after white smoke is generated due to thermal runaway of the battery assembly, the phase change member reduces the temperature of the smoke airflow by absorbing heat, and the adsorption member is used for capturing and adsorbing particulate matters and chemical components in the condensed smoke airflow, so that visible smoke is further reduced. By processing the smoke airflow in stages, the exhaust structure can reduce visible smoke generated when the battery pack is in thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the safety of power batteries has become an increasingly important concern. When a power battery experiences thermal runaway, it produces a large amount of white smoke.

[0003] In related technologies, a pressure relief valve or exhaust channel is installed on the battery pack to directly release the thermal runaway flue gas into the environment.

[0004] However, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure can reduce visible smoke generated during thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure for connecting the housing cavity of a battery pack to the outside environment. The exhaust structure includes:

[0007] The casing has an exhaust channel.

[0008] A phase change adsorption assembly is located in an exhaust channel. The phase change adsorption assembly includes a phase change element and an adsorption element. Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, at least one phase change element is disposed upstream of the adsorption element.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the housing has an exhaust port and an air inlet communicating with an exhaust passage.

[0010] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, the phase change element is positioned closer to the air inlet than the adsorption element, and the adsorption element is positioned closer to the exhaust outlet than the phase change element.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, there are multiple phase change elements, which are spaced apart along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the phase change temperature of multiple phase change elements decreases sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, there are multiple adsorption elements, and at least one of the multiple phase change elements is disposed upstream of the multiple adsorption elements.

[0014] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, the remaining phase change elements and multiple adsorption elements are arranged in sequence.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, there are multiple phase change adsorption components, which are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the phase change element has a porous structure.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the latent heat of phase change of the phase change element is A, where A satisfies: A > 200 kJ / kg.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the phase change temperature of the phase change element is B, where B satisfies: 50℃≤B≤120℃.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, B satisfies: 60℃≤B≤80℃.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the phase change element includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the inorganic hydrated salts include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, or sodium acetate trihydrate.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, organic phase change compounds include paraffin, fatty acids, or polyols.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the composite phase change material includes a phase change material, a thermally conductive material, and other fillers. The mass ratio of the phase change material, the thermally conductive material, and the filler is (50-70):(10-15):(15-25).

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the porosity of the phase change element is P1, where P1 satisfies: 60% ≤ P1 ≤ 80%.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the channel of the phase change element has a first aperture, which is C, and C satisfies: 0.1mm≤C≤5mm.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, C satisfies: 1mm≤C≤2mm.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the shape of the cross-section of the first aperture along the airflow direction perpendicular to the exhaust channel includes at least one of a circle, a square, and a triangle.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the adsorption element has a porous structure.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the adsorption element includes porous foam, fiber felt, or porous ceramic.

[0030] In some embodiments of this application, the porous foam includes polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, or melamine foam.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the fiber felt includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, or glass fiber composite felt.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the pressure drop of the adsorption element is F, where F satisfies: F < 10 kPa.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the porosity of the adsorption element is P2, where P2 satisfies: 70% ≤ P2 ≤ 80%.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the pores of the adsorption element have a second pore diameter, which is D, and D satisfies: 0.3μm≤D≤100μm.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, D satisfies: 30μm≤D≤70μm.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the adsorption element is E, where E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤50mm.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, E satisfies: 10mm≤E≤30mm.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a first filter element disposed at the air inlet of the exhaust channel.

[0039] And / or, the exhaust structure also includes a second filter element disposed at the exhaust port of the exhaust passage.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust channel is in the shape of a straight pipe, a spiral, or a curved pipe.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust passage includes a first segment that extends along a first direction.

[0042] And / or, the exhaust passage includes a second section and at least two third sections.

[0043] Along the second direction, at least two third segments are set in sequence; at least two third segments extend along the first direction.

[0044] The second segment extends along the second direction; along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment.

[0045] The first and second directions intersect.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust passage includes at least two fourth segments; the fourth segment is a spiral segment.

[0047] Along the first direction, at least two fourth segments are set in sequence.

[0048] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing including the aforementioned venting structure.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the battery pack housing further includes a tray body, the tray body having a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery assembly.

[0050] The main body of the tray forms the shell of the exhaust structure; the air inlet of the exhaust channel of the shell is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the battery pack housing further includes a tray body, the tray body having a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery assembly.

[0052] The air inlet of the exhaust passage of the exhaust structure is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust passage of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

[0053] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0054] Battery assembly; and battery pack housing, the receiving cavity of the battery pack housing for accommodating the battery assembly;

[0055] Alternatively, the battery pack may include a venting structure.

[0056] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0057] This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure connects the cavity of the battery pack to the outside environment. The exhaust structure includes a housing and a phase change adsorption assembly. The housing has an exhaust channel; the phase change adsorption assembly includes a phase change element and an adsorption element; along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, at least one phase change element is disposed upstream of the adsorption element.

[0058] Phase change elements (PCIs) reduce the temperature of the smoke stream by absorbing heat. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense. When absorbing heat, the PCI undergoes a physical state change (e.g., from solid to liquid), thus absorbing a significant amount of thermal energy. This heat absorption can significantly reduce the temperature of the smoke stream and decrease its visibility.

[0059] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment, by incorporating a phase change element and an adsorbent in the exhaust channel, and placing at least one phase change element upstream of the adsorbent, allows the phase change element to absorb heat and lower the temperature of the smoke stream after the battery assembly experiences thermal runaway and generates white smoke. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense. The adsorbent is used to capture and adsorb particulate matter and chemical components in the condensed smoke stream, further reducing visible smoke. Thus, by treating the smoke stream in stages, the exhaust structure can reduce visible smoke generated during battery pack thermal runaway, thereby achieving safer and more environmentally friendly emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack housing provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0063] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack housing provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0064] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack housing provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 .

[0065] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0066] 100: Pallet body; 110: Side beam;

[0067] 200: Battery assembly;

[0068] 300: Cover;

[0069] 400: Exhaust passage;

[0070] 500: Phase change component;

[0071] 600: Adsorption component;

[0072] 700: Air intake;

[0073] 800: Exhaust port.

[0074] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0075] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0076] Currently, to address the smoke generated by thermal runaway of power batteries, pressure relief valves or exhaust channels are installed on the battery pack to directly discharge the smoke generated by thermal runaway into the environment.

[0077] The white fumes generated by battery thermal runaway are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The white fumes from thermal runaway are primarily gases from the electrolyte. These VOCs are gaseous at high temperatures, but condense into liquid or solid particles when the temperature drops below their dew point.

[0078] In some battery packs, the main body of the battery pack casing is designed with gas channels to extend the airflow path. This extends the airflow path, consumes the instantaneous pressure of the airflow, and appropriately reduces the temperature of the airflow, thus having a cooling and buffering effect and protecting the battery pack casing.

[0079] In some battery packs, at least a portion of the gas flow path in the exhaust channel of the battery pack casing is bent. The exhaust channel is used to discharge the gas flow generated during thermal runaway of the battery components to the pressure relief valve of the battery pack. By extending the gas flow path in the exhaust channel, the gas temperature flowing to the pressure relief valve area is reduced, preventing the pressure relief valve from igniting and ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

[0080] However, related technologies focus on extending the path of the thermal runaway airflow generated by the battery pack to achieve cooling and avoid the hazards caused by the high-temperature airflow. These technologies also fail to effectively control the large amounts of visible smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery pack, resulting in the continued problem of significant white smoke emissions into the environment.

[0081] In summary, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke.

[0082] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure is used to connect the cavity of the battery pack to the outside world. The exhaust structure includes a housing and a phase change adsorption assembly. The housing has an exhaust channel; the phase change adsorption assembly includes a phase change element and an adsorption element; along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, at least one phase change element is disposed upstream of the adsorption element.

[0083] Phase change elements (PCIs) reduce the temperature of the smoke stream by absorbing heat. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense. When absorbing heat, the PCI undergoes a physical state change (e.g., from solid to liquid), thus absorbing a significant amount of thermal energy. This heat absorption can significantly reduce the temperature of the smoke stream and decrease its visibility.

[0084] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment, by incorporating a phase change element and an adsorbent in the exhaust channel, and placing at least one phase change element upstream of the adsorbent, allows the phase change element to absorb heat and lower the temperature of the smoke stream after the battery assembly experiences thermal runaway and generates white smoke. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense. The adsorbent is used to capture and adsorb particulate matter and chemical components in the condensed smoke stream, further reducing visible smoke. Thus, by treating the smoke stream in stages, the exhaust structure can reduce visible smoke generated during battery pack thermal runaway, thereby achieving safer and more environmentally friendly emissions.

[0085] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0086] Firstly, referring to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this application embodiment provides an exhaust structure for connecting the housing cavity of the battery pack to the outside. The exhaust structure includes:

[0087] The housing has an exhaust channel 400.

[0088] A phase change adsorption assembly is located in the exhaust channel 400. The phase change adsorption assembly includes a phase change element 500 and an adsorption element 600. At least one phase change element 500 is disposed upstream of the adsorption element 600 along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400. The airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400 is referenced to... Figure 3 The direction indicated by the middle arrow.

[0089] For example, the housing provides a structured channel for guiding airflow from inside the battery pack to the outside. The housing is designed to ensure that the airflow follows a specific path, making subsequent phase change and adsorption processes more efficient.

[0090] The phase change element 500 reduces the temperature of the smoke stream by absorbing heat. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense. The phase change element 500 undergoes a physical state change, such as from solid to liquid, when absorbing heat, thereby absorbing a large amount of thermal energy. This thermal absorption can significantly reduce the temperature of the smoke stream and decrease the visibility of the smoke.

[0091] The adsorbent 600 is used to capture and adsorb particulate matter and chemical components in the airflow, further reducing visible smoke. The adsorbent 600 has a high specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity, enabling it to effectively capture fine particles and harmful chemicals in smoke.

[0092] At least one phase change element 500 is positioned upstream of the adsorption element 600. The phase change element 500 first comes into contact with the high-temperature airflow, absorbing a large amount of heat and reducing the airflow temperature. This cooling effect reduces the energy of the airflow. Here, upstream refers to the starting point or source direction of the fluid flow.

[0093] After cooling, some components in the airflow may condense into droplets, making it easier for the adsorbent 600 to capture and adsorb these particulate matter and chemical components, thus improving the overall adsorption efficiency. The reduced kinetic energy of the cooled airflow further facilitates the capture of particulate matter by the adsorbent material. By treating the airflow in stages, the exhaust structure can more effectively decompose and remove different components from the smoke, reducing visible smoke emissions. This sequential arrangement reduces back pressure within the exhaust channel 400, ensuring smooth airflow and preventing blockage or excessive pressure in the exhaust structure.

[0094] The phase change element 500 cools the airflow, causing some components to condense into droplets, thus reducing visible smoke. The adsorption element 600 further removes particulate matter and chemical components from the airflow, reducing smoke concentration and visibility. Combining these two mechanisms, the exhaust structure significantly reduces visible smoke generated during battery pack thermal runaway, resulting in safer and more environmentally friendly emissions. This design not only effectively manages the heat and pressure generated by thermal runaway but also reduces the impact on the environment and personnel, improving the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

[0095] As one possible implementation, the housing has an exhaust port 800 and an air inlet 700 communicating with the exhaust passage 400.

[0096] In this configuration, at least one phase change element 500 is positioned relative to the adsorbent 600 near the air inlet 700. Thus, at least one phase change element 500 is located upstream of the adsorbent 600.

[0097] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400, the phase change element 500 is positioned relative to the adsorption element 600 near the air inlet 700, and the adsorption element 600 is positioned relative to the phase change element 500 near the exhaust outlet 800.

[0098] For example, the housing communicates with the outside through an air inlet 700 and an exhaust outlet 800, forming a closed exhaust channel 400 to ensure that the airflow flows along the designed path. The air inlet 700 is used to receive airflow from inside the battery pack, while the exhaust outlet 800 is used to discharge the processed airflow to the outside.

[0099] The phase change element 500 is located near the air inlet 700 and is the first to come into contact with the high-temperature airflow from the battery pack.

[0100] When the hot airflow enters the exhaust channel 400, the phase change element 500 absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, such as changing from a solid to a liquid state, thereby reducing the temperature of the airflow. This process not only reduces heat emissions but may also cause some smoke components to condense into droplets, initially reducing visible smoke.

[0101] The adsorption element 600 is located near the exhaust port 800 and is used to further process the cooled airflow.

[0102] After being processed by the phase change element 500, the airflow enters the adsorption element 600 area. The adsorption element 600 can capture and adsorb the remaining particulate matter and chemical components, further reducing the concentration and visibility of smoke.

[0103] Through the initial cooling and condensation effect of the phase change element 500, some components in the airflow are removed. The further adsorption by the adsorbent element 600 ensures that the remaining particulate matter and chemical components are effectively removed. This staged treatment method significantly reduces visible smoke in the emitted airflow, thus achieving cleaner and safer emissions.

[0104] As one feasible implementation, there are multiple phase change elements 500, which are spaced apart along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400.

[0105] For example, by arranging multiple phase change elements 500 at intervals in the exhaust channel 400, the airflow can exchange heat and reduce its temperature as it flows through each phase change element 500. This multi-stage cooling design can manage the heat of the airflow more effectively.

[0106] Each phase change element 500 can independently undergo heat absorption and phase change processes, which improves overall thermal management efficiency. Multi-stage cooling reduces thermal stress on the airflow at a single location, extending the lifespan of the phase change material.

[0107] As the airflow passes through multiple phase change elements 500 sequentially, its temperature gradually decreases, reducing the energy of particulate matter in the smoke and making it easier for it to condense and be captured by the subsequent adsorbent 600. In the cooled airflow, more smoke components may condense into droplets, thus reducing visible smoke. The airflow, after being processed by multiple phase change elements 500, is even cooler, allowing the adsorbent material to more effectively capture the remaining particulate matter and chemical components when it enters the adsorbent 600.

[0108] As one feasible implementation, the phase change temperature of multiple phase change elements 500 decreases sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400.

[0109] For example, the phase change temperatures of the phase change elements 500 decrease sequentially, ensuring that the airflow effectively releases heat as it flows through each phase change element 500. When the airflow enters the exhaust channel 400, it first encounters the phase change elements 500 with the highest phase change temperatures, absorbing the initial high-temperature heat. As the airflow temperature decreases, subsequent phase change elements 500 continue to absorb the remaining heat. This maximizes the utilization of the phase change material's heat absorption capacity.

[0110] Through the gradual cooling of multiple phase change elements 500, the heat in the airflow is managed more effectively, reducing the suspension of smoke particles caused by high temperatures. As the airflow temperature gradually decreases, some smoke components may condense into droplets, further reducing visible smoke. Simultaneously, the subsequent adsorption element 600 can effectively adsorb remaining particulate matter and chemical components.

[0111] This design improves the efficiency of thermal management, allowing the phase change element 500's heat absorption capacity to be fully utilized. Through more precise temperature control, visible smoke in the exhaust gas is significantly reduced, improving the safety and environmental friendliness of the exhaust system.

[0112] As one possible implementation, there are multiple adsorption elements 600, and at least one of the multiple phase change elements 500 is disposed upstream of the multiple adsorption elements 600.

[0113] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400, the remaining phase change elements 500 and the multiple adsorption elements 600 are arranged in sequence.

[0114] For example, in the flow direction of the airflow in the exhaust channel 400, at least one phase change element 500 is disposed upstream of a plurality of adsorbents 600. This means that the smoke airflow passes through the phase change element 500 before contacting the adsorbents. The phase change element 500 regulates the temperature of the smoke airflow by absorbing heat to cause it to condense, thereby optimizing the adsorption efficiency of the subsequent adsorbents 600.

[0115] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400, the remaining phase change element 500 and adsorbent 600 are arranged sequentially. This arrangement ensures that the airflow is subjected to different thermal management and adsorption treatments as it passes through each component. Through this sequential arrangement, gradual thermal regulation and adsorption purification can be achieved, maximizing the function of each phase change element 500 and adsorbent 600.

[0116] It is understandable that one phase change element 500 is positioned close to the air inlet 700. The remaining phase change elements 500 and adsorption elements 600 can be arranged sequentially in a certain ratio. For example, two phase change elements 500 can be followed by three adsorption elements, or one phase change element can be followed by three adsorption elements, or all remaining phase change elements 500 can be arranged before the adsorption elements 600 are arranged. This application does not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0117] As one feasible implementation, there are multiple phase change adsorption components, which are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 400.

[0118] For example, each phase change adsorption (PCA) component includes a phase change element 500 and an adsorption element 600, enabling simultaneous heat absorption and particulate matter adsorption. By arranging multiple PCA components sequentially in the exhaust channel 400, the airflow undergoes cooling and purification as it flows through each component. This multi-stage treatment design allows for more comprehensive management of the airflow's heat and smoke composition.

[0119] As the airflow passes sequentially through multiple phase change adsorption (PCA) modules, the temperature gradually decreases, and particulate matter and chemical components are gradually removed. Each module can independently perform the heat absorption and adsorption process, distributing the treatment load and improving overall treatment efficiency. The multi-stage module design reduces the burden on individual modules, lowers the risk of failure, and improves the reliability and service life of the exhaust structure.

[0120] Through the gradual cooling effect of multiple phase change elements 500, heat in the airflow is effectively absorbed, reducing the kinetic energy of particulate matter in the smoke and making it easier for it to condense. The cooled airflow enters the adsorbent 600 area, where the adsorbent material can more effectively capture and remove remaining particulate matter and chemical components.

[0121] The combined use of multi-stage phase change adsorption components ensures a significant reduction in visible smoke in the airflow emitted to the outside, achieving cleaner and safer emissions.

[0122] As one feasible implementation, the phase change element 500 has a porous structure. For example, the phase change element 500 can be a honeycomb structure.

[0123] For example, the porous structure increases the specific surface area of ​​the phase change element 500, enabling it to exchange heat with the airflow more quickly. Because the porous structure provides a larger surface contact area, heat in the airflow can be transferred to the phase change element 500 more rapidly, accelerating the heat absorption and phase change process. This design can more effectively reduce the airflow temperature.

[0124] Porous structures help capture and condense particulate matter in airflow. As airflow passes through a porous structure, its flow path becomes more complex, which increases the contact opportunities between particulate matter and phase change materials, promoting particulate matter condensation and sedimentation, thereby reducing visible smoke.

[0125] The porous structure improves the utilization efficiency of the phase change element 500. Due to the high specific surface area of ​​the porous structure, the heat absorption capacity of the phase change material is maximized, reducing material waste and improving the overall efficiency of the exhaust structure.

[0126] As one feasible implementation, the latent heat of phase change of the phase change element 500 is A, where A satisfies: A > 200 kJ / kg.

[0127] For example, latent heat of phase transition refers to the large amount of energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase transition, such as a solid-liquid transition, while the temperature remains constant. This property is determined by changes in intermolecular / atomic bond energies and is related to the reorganization of the material's internal structure. Latent heat of phase transition determines the amount of heat a material can absorb during a phase transition.

[0128] The higher the latent heat of phase change, the more heat a unit mass of material can absorb or release during phase change. A latent heat of phase change greater than 200 kJ / kg means that the phase change element 500 can absorb a large amount of heat during the phase change process. This is crucial for rapidly reducing airflow temperature and minimizing the effects of thermal runaway. The phase change element 500 with a high latent heat of phase change can provide a significant cooling effect within a small volume, which is particularly important for exhaust structures with limited space.

[0129] By absorbing a large amount of heat, the phase change element 500 with high latent heat of phase change can effectively reduce the temperature of high-temperature smoke in the exhaust structure, promote the condensation of high-temperature smoke, and thus promote the adsorption of high-temperature smoke and condensed particles by the adsorbent element 600, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the entire exhaust structure.

[0130] As one feasible implementation, the phase change temperature of the phase change element 500 is B, where B satisfies: 50℃≤B≤120℃.

[0131] For example, taking lithium-ion batteries, the normal operating temperature range of a lithium-ion battery pack is typically -20 to 50°C. Lithium-ion battery electrolytes usually use carbonate-based organic solvents. The boiling point of ordinary carbonate electrolytes is approximately 80-170°C.

[0132] The phase change temperature of the phase change element 500 is chosen to be slightly higher than the normal operating temperature of the battery pack and lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte. A phase change temperature slightly higher than the normal operating temperature of the battery pack ensures that the phase change material remains stable under normal operating conditions and does not prematurely initiate the heat absorption process. This avoids consuming the heat absorption capacity of the phase change material during normal operation. A phase change temperature lower than the boiling point of the electrolyte allows visible smoke to condense at the phase change element 500. Therefore, in this embodiment, the phase change temperature B of the phase change element 500 is between 50-120°C. This allows the phase change element 500 to promote the condensation of certain components in the smoke by lowering the temperature. Smoke typically consists of gases and suspended particles, some of which may condense into droplets when the temperature decreases. This condensation helps reduce the visibility and volume of the smoke.

[0133] Optionally, B satisfies: 50℃≤B≤80℃. Optionally, B satisfies: 80℃≤B≤100℃. Optionally, B satisfies: 100℃≤B≤120℃.

[0134] As one feasible implementation, B satisfies: 60℃≤B≤80℃.

[0135] As one feasible implementation, the material of the phase change element 500 includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

[0136] For example, inorganic hydrated salts possess latent heat of phase change and thermal conductivity. These materials absorb heat through dehydration during phase change.

[0137] Organic phase change compounds are thermally conductive and chemically stable.

[0138] Composite phase change materials combine the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, providing thermal conductivity and latent heat of phase change.

[0139] As one feasible implementation, inorganic hydrated salts include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, or sodium acetate trihydrate.

[0140] For example, calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O) has a high latent heat of phase change, enabling it to effectively absorb heat. It is also low in cost and readily available.

[0141] Sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na₂SO₄·10H₂O, exhibits thermal stability and a high latent heat of phase transition.

[0142] Sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) exhibits high latent heat of phase transition and good cycling stability.

[0143] As one feasible implementation, organic phase change compounds include paraffins, fatty acids, or polyols.

[0144] For example, paraffin wax is a commonly used organic phase change material, possessing thermal stability and a high latent heat of phase change. The phase change temperature range of paraffin wax can be adjusted by changing its carbon chain length.

[0145] Fatty acids possess high latent heat of phase transition and reversible phase transition processes. They are typically extracted from natural oils and fats, and are biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

[0146] Polyol-based phase change materials exhibit high latent heat of phase change and good chemical stability. They are typically polyhydroxy compounds, which provide stable thermal properties.

[0147] As one feasible implementation, the composite phase change material includes a phase change material, a thermally conductive material, and a filler. The mass ratio of the phase change material, the thermally conductive material, and the filler is (50-70):(10-15):(15-25).

[0148] Phase change materials can be calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, paraffin, fatty acids, or polyols. Thermally conductive materials include graphite, carbon nanotubes, and metal powders, with a mass ratio of (1-10):(2-4):(2-12).

[0149] For example, within this mass ratio range of phase change material and thermally conductive material, the composite phase change material will possess a certain thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity helps accelerate the distribution of heat within the material, making the phase change process more efficient.

[0150] For example, graphite possesses excellent thermal conductivity and chemical stability. By improving the thermal conductivity of phase change materials, graphite can accelerate heat transfer within the material and enhance phase change efficiency.

[0151] Carbon nanotubes possess extremely high thermal conductivity and strength, along with good electrical conductivity. In composite materials, carbon nanotubes not only improve thermal conductivity but also enhance the material's mechanical strength and structural stability. Metal powders such as aluminum and copper typically have high thermal conductivity and density. The addition of metal powders can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of composite materials and increase their heat capacity.

[0152] Metal powders have thermal conductivity. Metal powders can be aluminum powder or alumina powder.

[0153] Other fillers include carrier materials and additives. The carrier materials can be silicates, polymers, carbon-based materials, etc., accounting for about 15-20%, and the additives are crosslinking agents or stabilizers, accounting for about 2-5%.

[0154] As one feasible implementation, the porosity of the phase change element 500 is P1, where P1 satisfies: 60% ≤ P1 ≤ 80%.

[0155] For example, when the porosity P1 of the phase change element 500 is between 60% and 80%, it allows for smooth smoke flow, which facilitates the distribution and conduction of heat within the phase change element 500. Simultaneously, a porosity P1 within this range increases the specific surface area of ​​the phase change element 500, enhancing heat exchange efficiency and enabling it to absorb and release heat more rapidly. In the event of thermal runaway, the phase change element 500 can respond more quickly to temperature changes, providing timely thermal management. With a porosity P1 within this range, the porous structure of the phase change element 500 effectively captures and condenses particulate matter and gaseous components in the smoke, reducing visible smoke emissions.

[0156] Furthermore, when the porosity P1 of the phase change element 500 is within this range, the mechanical strength and stability of the phase change element 500 can be ensured, allowing it to withstand multiple thermal cycles and mechanical stresses.

[0157] As one feasible implementation, the channel of the phase change element 500 has a first aperture, which is C, and C satisfies: 0.1mm≤C≤5mm.

[0158] For example, when the first aperture C is in the range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, the specific surface area of ​​the phase change element 500 can be increased, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency in the phase change element 500. This helps to absorb or release heat more quickly, improve the response speed of the phase change element 500, and at the same time, helps to achieve a more uniform temperature distribution inside the phase change element 500, reducing local overheating or overcooling.

[0159] When the first aperture C is in the range of 0.1mm-5mm, it ensures that the airflow flows smoothly in the phase change element 500, reduces flow resistance, helps to reduce the pressure drop in the exhaust channel 400, and ensures that the airflow can effectively exchange heat through the phase change element 500.

[0160] Furthermore, when the first aperture C is in the range of 0.1mm-5mm, this aperture range is suitable for a variety of manufacturing processes, such as injection molding, 3D printing, and compression molding, which facilitates mass production.

[0161] Optionally, C satisfies: 0.1mm ≤ C ≤ 2mm. Optionally, C satisfies: 2mm ≤ C ≤ 4mm. Optionally, C satisfies: 4mm ≤ C ≤ 5mm.

[0162] As one feasible implementation, C satisfies: 1mm≤C≤2mm.

[0163] As one possible implementation, the shape of the cross-section of the first aperture along the airflow direction perpendicular to the exhaust channel 400 includes at least one of a circle, a square, and a triangle.

[0164] For example, circular apertures typically have lower flow resistance, facilitating smooth airflow. This shape reduces turbulence and pressure loss. Circular structures also exhibit uniform stress distribution under pressure, reducing the risk of material fatigue and damage.

[0165] Square apertures can make more efficient use of space, especially in modular designs, where they can be closely arranged to increase the total open area.

[0166] Triangular structures have good mechanical strength and rigidity, and can withstand high mechanical stress.

[0167] As one feasible implementation, the adsorption element 600 has a porous structure. For example, the adsorption element 600 can be a honeycomb structure.

[0168] For example, the porous adsorbent 600 is able to capture and condense particulate matter in smoke, reducing the emission of visible smoke and harmful substances.

[0169] As one feasible implementation, the material of the adsorption element 600 includes porous foam, fiber felt, and porous ceramic.

[0170] For example, porous foam has high porosity and adsorption capacity, enabling it to effectively capture and store gases or liquids. Porous foam is lightweight, flexible, easy to process and install, and its open porous structure facilitates the rapid adsorption and release of heat or gases.

[0171] Fiber felt is made of interwoven fine fibers, giving it a high surface area and adsorption capacity. It also possesses mechanical strength and chemical resistance, maintaining its performance in high-temperature and corrosive environments.

[0172] Porous ceramics contain a large number of uniformly distributed micropores, providing a large specific surface area and enhancing their ability to adsorb pollutants from gases and liquids. At the same time, the high-temperature sintering process endows them with high mechanical strength, maintaining structural stability even under high pressure and high temperature environments.

[0173] The adsorbent 600 can also be a molecular sieve. A molecular sieve is a microporous material with uniform pore size that can selectively adsorb molecules of a specific size. Molecular sieves have high selectivity and adsorption capacity, and can effectively remove moisture and other impurities.

[0174] As one feasible implementation, porous foam includes polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, or melamine foam.

[0175] For example, polyurethane foam has an open-cell structure, providing a large surface area that helps adsorb gaseous and liquid contaminants. The softness and elasticity of polyurethane foam make it easy to process into various shapes and sizes to meet diverse application needs. In addition to its adsorption properties, polyurethane foam also has good cushioning and sound insulation properties, helping to reduce noise during exhaust systems.

[0176] Polyethylene foam is resistant to chemical corrosion and is suitable for adsorbing various chemicals.

[0177] The open-cell structure of melamine foam not only provides adsorption capacity but also sound absorption properties, helping to reduce noise during exhaust processes. Furthermore, the natural fire-resistant properties of melamine foam make it safer to use in high-temperature environments.

[0178] As one feasible implementation, the fiber felt includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, or glass fiber composite felt.

[0179] For example, activated carbon fiber felt has an extremely high specific surface area and pore structure, enabling it to efficiently adsorb gaseous pollutants and organic compounds. Due to the microporous structure of the fibers, activated carbon fiber felt can rapidly adsorb and desorb pollutants.

[0180] Fiberglass wool felt has a dense fibrous structure that effectively captures airborne particles and microparticles. It remains stable in high-temperature environments. Fiberglass wool is resistant to most chemicals, making it suitable for chemical filtration and adsorption.

[0181] Fiberglass composite felt: By combining fiberglass with other materials, fiberglass composite felt has higher mechanical strength and durability.

[0182] As one feasible implementation, the pressure drop of the adsorption element 600 is F, where F satisfies: F < 10 kPa.

[0183] For example, pressure drop refers to the decrease in pressure between the inlet and outlet of a fluid, such as air or water, when it flows through an adsorbent material due to the material's inherent resistance, such as pore structure, shape, and density.

[0184] Within this pressure drop range, the airflow passes through the adsorbent 600 at an appropriate velocity, ensuring that the condensed smoke has sufficient time to contact the adsorbent 600, thereby improving adsorption efficiency. This pressure drop range also helps maintain a uniform airflow distribution, avoiding uneven adsorption caused by excessively high local flow velocities.

[0185] At the same time, within this pressure drop range, the airflow has a smaller impact force on the adsorption material, reducing material wear and loss and extending the service life of the adsorption material.

[0186] As one feasible implementation, the porosity of the adsorbent 600 is P2, where P2 satisfies: 70% ≤ P2 ≤ 80%.

[0187] For example, when the porosity P2 of the adsorbent 600 is in the range of 70-80%, the adsorbent 600 provides a larger specific surface area, enabling it to contact more gaseous or liquid contaminants, thereby improving adsorption efficiency. The porosity of the adsorbent 600 at 70%-80% ensures that there is sufficient space within the material to accommodate and capture contaminant particles.

[0188] With a porosity of 70%-80%, the adsorbent 600 has a reduced risk of clogging, maintaining long-term adsorption performance and the effective service life of the material. Due to the lower risk of clogging, the maintenance and regeneration process of the adsorbent 600 is simpler, reducing operating costs.

[0189] As one feasible implementation, the pores of the adsorption element 600 have a second pore diameter, which is D, and D satisfies: 0.3μm≤D≤100μm.

[0190] For example, the second pore size of the adsorbent 600 is in the range of 0.3 μm-100 μm, which can effectively remove various pollutants from air and liquid, including gaseous pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.

[0191] The pore size range, from 0.3 μm micropores to 100 μm mesopores, covers a wide range of pore sizes, enabling the material to adsorb molecules and particles of various sizes. This porous structure is suitable for adsorbing small molecule gases such as hydrogen and methane, as well as larger molecules such as volatile organic compounds.

[0192] Optionally, D satisfies: 0.3μm≤D≤20μm. Optionally, D satisfies: 20μm≤D≤50μm. Optionally, D satisfies: 50μm≤D≤80μm. Optionally, D satisfies: 80μm≤D≤100μm.

[0193] As one feasible implementation, D satisfies: 30μm≤D≤70μm.

[0194] As one feasible implementation, the thickness of the adsorption element 600 is E, where E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤50mm.

[0195] For example, the thickness of the adsorbent 600 is within this range, which ensures sufficient adsorption capacity while maintaining a low pressure drop and improving the overall adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent 600.

[0196] Optionally, E satisfies: 1mm ≤ E ≤ 20mm. Optionally, E satisfies: 20mm ≤ E ≤ 40mm. Optionally, E satisfies: 40mm ≤ E ≤ 50mm.

[0197] As one feasible implementation, E satisfies: 10mm≤E≤30mm.

[0198] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a first filter element disposed at the air inlet 700 of the exhaust passage 400.

[0199] As one possible implementation, the exhaust structure also includes a second filter element disposed at the exhaust port 800 of the exhaust passage 400.

[0200] For example, the first filter element can effectively remove larger particles and impurities entering the exhaust channel 400, preventing them from entering the deeper parts of the exhaust structure. By removing large particles, wear on the subsequent phase change element 500 and adsorption element 600 is reduced, extending the service life of the exhaust structure.

[0201] Primary filtration prevents larger particles from accumulating in the system, reducing the risk of clogging and ensuring smooth airflow. By reducing the load of contaminants entering the system, the first filter helps improve the efficiency of the entire exhaust system.

[0202] The second filter captures and removes fine particles and gaseous pollutants that are not adsorbed in the exhaust channel 400, ensuring the cleanliness of the emitted gas. This further purification ensures that emissions meet environmental standards, reducing environmental impact.

[0203] In some cases, the second filter can prevent external contaminants from entering the system through the exhaust port 800, protecting internal components.

[0204] As one possible implementation, the exhaust passage 400 can be in the shape of a straight pipe, a spiral, or a curved pipe.

[0205] For example, the straight-line design of the straight tube provides minimal flow resistance, reduces pressure drop, and increases airflow velocity. Due to its simple structure, the straight-tube channel is easy to clean and maintain.

[0206] The spiral design of the spiral exhaust channel 400 increases the airflow contact time by extending the airflow path. This allows for a longer airflow path within a limited space. The extended airflow path increases the contact time with the phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600, thus improving purification efficiency.

[0207] The curved exhaust channel 400 can flexibly adjust the airflow path according to space constraints and design requirements.

[0208] As one possible implementation, the exhaust passage 400 includes a first section that extends along a first direction.

[0209] For example, the first segment extends along a first direction, which means that the main extension direction of the first segment is straight, ensuring that the airflow can pass through smoothly.

[0210] As one possible implementation, the exhaust passage 400 includes a second section and at least two third sections.

[0211] Along the second direction, at least two third segments are set in sequence; at least two third segments extend along the first direction.

[0212] The second segment extends along the second direction; along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment.

[0213] The first and second directions intersect.

[0214] Each third segment extends along the first direction, providing the main airflow channel. At least two third segments are arranged sequentially to form a continuous airflow path.

[0215] The second segment extends along the second direction, serving as a connection and deflection point. It also provides a connection between adjacent third segments, allowing airflow to smoothly transition from one third segment to the next.

[0216] The first and second directions intersect, meaning the airflow changes direction between different segments. This design can be used to optimize the airflow path, increase the contact time, or change the speed and pressure of the airflow.

[0217] Through the intersecting and connecting design, the airflow path within the channel becomes longer, increasing the contact time with the phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600, thereby improving purification efficiency. Furthermore, the intersecting design helps to evenly distribute the airflow, avoiding localized excessively high or low flow velocities.

[0218] As one possible implementation, the exhaust passage 400 includes at least two fourth sections; the fourth section is a spiral section.

[0219] Along the first direction, at least two fourth segments are set in sequence.

[0220] For example, at least two spiral segments are arranged sequentially along a first direction to form a continuous spiral path. The spiral segments increase the contact time between the gas and the phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600 by extending the airflow path, thereby improving adsorption and filtration efficiency. The spiral segment design allows for a longer airflow path within a limited space, making it suitable for space-constrained applications.

[0221] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing including the aforementioned venting structure.

[0222] As one possible implementation, the battery pack housing also includes a tray body 100, which has a receiving cavity for receiving the battery assembly 200.

[0223] A portion of the tray body 100 forms the shell of the exhaust structure; the air inlet 700 of the exhaust channel 400 of the shell is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet 800 of the exhaust channel 400 of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

[0224] For example, the housing of the venting structure is part of the pallet body 100. For instance, the pallet body 100 includes a side beam 110, and the housing may be the side beam 110. The side beam 110 forms the venting passage 400.

[0225] For example, when the battery module 200 experiences thermal runaway, it produces white smoke. The white smoke typically consists of gases, vapors, tiny droplets, and solid particles generated by internal chemical reactions within the battery module 200. These components scatter light, thus appearing white.

[0226] After the battery assembly 200 experiences thermal runaway, the white fumes first enter the containment cavity, then the exhaust channel 400 connected to the containment cavity. The white fumes sequentially pass through the phase change element 500 and the adsorbent 600 located within the exhaust channel 400. When the white fumes pass through the phase change element 500, the phase change material absorbs heat from the fumes, causing a temperature drop. This cooling process may cause the liquid components in the fumes to condense, thereby reducing visible particles. The adsorbent 600 captures particles and droplets in the fumes through a physical adsorption mechanism, reducing their concentration in the airflow. Subsequently, the white fumes treated by the phase change element 500 and the adsorbent 600 become colorless gas and are discharged from the exhaust structure.

[0227] As one possible implementation, the battery pack housing also includes a tray body 100, which has a receiving cavity for receiving the battery assembly 200.

[0228] The air inlet 700 of the exhaust passage 400 of the exhaust structure is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet 800 of the exhaust passage 400 of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

[0229] For example, the venting structure may be a structure separately provided on the tray body 100.

[0230] Exemplarily, after the battery assembly 200 experiences thermal runaway, the white smoke first enters the containment cavity and then the exhaust channel 400 connected to the containment cavity. The white smoke sequentially passes through the phase change element 500 and the adsorbent 600 located within the exhaust channel 400. When the white smoke passes through the phase change element 500, the phase change material absorbs heat from the smoke, causing a temperature drop. This cooling process may cause the liquid components in the smoke to condense, thereby reducing visible particles. The adsorbent 600 captures particles and droplets in the smoke through a physical adsorption mechanism, reducing their concentration in the airflow. Subsequently, the white smoke treated by the phase change element 500 and the adsorbent 600 becomes colorless gas and is discharged from the exhaust structure.

[0231] As one possible implementation, the battery pack housing also includes a cover, which cooperates with the tray body 100 to form the battery pack housing and forms a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells within the battery pack housing.

[0232] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0233] Battery assembly 200;

[0234] And the battery pack housing, the receiving cavity of the battery pack housing for accommodating the battery assembly 200;

[0235] Alternatively, the battery pack may include a venting structure.

[0236] The battery pack housing forms an open receiving cavity. The cover 300 closes to the opening.

[0237] It is understood that since the battery pack of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure embodiment, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0238] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0239] It is understood that since the electrical equipment of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0240] The present application will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments as examples.

[0241] Example 1:

[0242] Battery pack: The battery pack is composed of 18650 lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 50Ah.

[0243] Phase change element 500: Calcium chloride hexahydrate CaCl2·6H2O is selected and formed into a honeycomb structure by molding, with a pore diameter of 3mm and a pore wall thickness of 1mm.

[0244] Adsorption component 600: Polyurethane foam with a thickness of 20mm is used.

[0245] The phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600 are filled into the exhaust channel 400.

[0246] Example 2:

[0247] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0248] Phase change element 500: Paraffin C is selected. 25 H 52 The honeycomb structure is formed by extrusion molding, with a pore diameter of 5 mm and a pore wall thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0249] Adsorption element 600: Activated carbon fiber felt with a thickness of 10mm is selected.

[0250] The phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600 are filled into the exhaust channel 400.

[0251] Example 3:

[0252] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0253] Phase change component 500: A composite material of sodium sulfate decahydrate Na2SO4·10H2O and graphite powder in a mass ratio of 9:1 is selected and formed into a honeycomb structure by compression molding with a pore diameter of 4mm and a pore wall thickness of 1.2mm.

[0254] Adsorption component 600: Made of melamine foam with a thickness of 15mm.

[0255] The phase change element 500 and the adsorption element 600 are filled into the exhaust channel 400.

[0256] Comparative Example 1:

[0257] Battery pack: Same as in Example 1.

[0258] Experimental method: The battery pack was heated to induce thermal runaway. The emission of smoke during the thermal runaway process was observed.

[0259] Test methods

[0260] During the thermal runaway of the battery pack, the emission of smoke was visually observed and recorded by a camera, and the smoke concentration in the emitted gas was measured using a smoke concentration sensor. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of the emitted gas from the battery.

[0261] Table 1

[0262]

[0263] Results Analysis: Referring to Table 1, no significant white smoke emission was observed in Examples 1-3, and the smoke concentration was much lower than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that Examples 1-3 can effectively eliminate the white smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the power battery. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 had a large amount of visible smoke, which seriously affected visibility.

[0264] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment can effectively reduce the flue gas temperature, condense and adsorb condensable components in the flue gas, and achieve zero visible smoke emissions. Different phase change elements 500 and structures have a certain impact on the cooling effect and need to be optimized according to the actual situation. When the exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment is applied to electrical equipment, such as electric vehicles, it can effectively improve the safety of electric vehicles, ensure the safety of passengers, and avoid causing panic.

[0265] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the utility models disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0266] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An exhaust structure characterized by, The venting structure, used to connect the housing of the battery pack to the outside, includes: The housing has an exhaust passage (400); A phase change adsorption assembly is located in the exhaust channel (400). The phase change adsorption assembly includes a phase change element (500) and an adsorption element (600). Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400), at least one of the phase change elements (500) is disposed upstream of the adsorption element (600).

2. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized by, The housing has an exhaust port (800) and an air inlet (700) communicating with the exhaust passage (400); Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400), the phase change element (500) is positioned relative to the adsorption element (600) near the air inlet (700) of the exhaust channel (400), and the adsorption element (600) is positioned relative to the phase change element (500) near the exhaust outlet (800) of the exhaust channel (400).

3. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized by, The number of phase change elements (500) is multiple, and the multiple phase change elements (500) are arranged at intervals along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400).

4. The exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized by, Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400), the phase change temperature of the plurality of phase change elements (500) decreases sequentially.

5. The exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized by, The number of adsorption elements (600) is multiple, and at least one of the multiple phase change elements (500) is disposed upstream of the multiple adsorption elements (600); Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400), the remaining phase change elements (500) and the adsorption elements (600) among the plurality of phase change elements (500) are arranged in sequence.

6. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized by, The number of phase change adsorption components is multiple, and multiple phase change adsorption components are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (400).

7. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The phase change element (500) has a porous structure.

8. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The latent heat of phase change of the phase change element (500) is A, and A satisfies: A > 200 kJ / kg.

9. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The phase change temperature of the phase change element (500) is B, and B satisfies: 50℃≤B≤120℃.

10. The exhaust structure according to claim 9, characterized by, The condition B satisfies: 60℃≤B≤80℃.

11. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The material of the phase change element (500) includes inorganic hydrated salts, organic phase change elements, or composite phase change elements.

12. The exhaust structure according to claim 11, characterized by, The inorganic hydrated salts include calcium chloride hexahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate, or sodium acetate trihydrate.

13. The exhaust structure according to claim 11, characterized by, The organic phase change class includes paraffin, fatty acids, or polyols.

14. The exhaust structure according to claim 11, characterized by, The composite phase change material includes a phase change material, a thermally conductive material, and a filler, wherein the mass ratio of the phase change material, the thermally conductive material, and the filler is (50-70):(10-15):(15-25).

15. The exhaust structure according to claim 7, characterized by, The porosity of the phase change element (500) is P1, which satisfies the following condition: 60% ≤ P1 ≤ 80%.

16. The exhaust structure according to claim 7, characterized by, The phase change element (500) has a first aperture, which is C, and C satisfies: 0.1mm≤C≤5mm.

17. The exhaust structure according to claim 16, characterized by, The condition C satisfies: 1mm ≤ C ≤ 2mm.

18. The exhaust structure according to claim 16, characterized by, Along the airflow direction perpendicular to the exhaust passage (400), the shape of the cross-section of the first aperture includes at least one of a circle, a square, and a triangle.

19. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The adsorption element (600) has a porous structure.

20. The exhaust structure according to claim 19, characterized by, The material of the adsorption element (600) includes porous foam, fiber felt or porous ceramic.

21. The exhaust structure according to claim 20, characterized by, The porous foam includes polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, or melamine foam.

22. The exhaust structure according to claim 20, characterized by, The fiber felt includes activated carbon fiber felt, glass fiber felt, or glass fiber composite felt.

23. The exhaust structure of claim 19, wherein, The pressure drop of the adsorption element (600) is F, and F satisfies: F < 10 kPa.

24. The exhaust structure according to claim 19, characterized by, The porosity of the adsorbent (600) is P2, wherein P2 satisfies: 70% ≤ P2 ≤ 80%.

25. The exhaust structure of claim 19, wherein, The pores of the adsorption element (600) have a second pore diameter, which is D, and D satisfies: 0.3nm≤D≤100nm.

26. The exhaust structure according to claim 25, characterized by, The condition D satisfies: 30nm≤D≤70nm.

27. The exhaust structure of claim 19, wherein, The thickness of the adsorption element (600) is E, and E satisfies: 1mm≤E≤50mm.

28. The exhaust structure of claim 27, wherein, The condition E satisfies: 10mm≤E≤30mm.

29. The exhaust structure of claim 2, wherein, It also includes a first filter element disposed at the air inlet (700) of the exhaust passage (400); And / or, the exhaust structure further includes a second filter element disposed at the exhaust port (800) of the exhaust passage (400).

30. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The exhaust passage (400) is in the shape of a straight pipe, a spiral, or a curved pipe.

31. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The exhaust passage (400) includes a first section that extends along a first direction; And / or, the exhaust passage (400) includes a second section and at least two third sections; Along the second direction, at least two of the third segments are sequentially arranged; at least two of the third segments extend along the first direction. The second segment extends along the second direction; Along the second direction, adjacent third segments are connected by the second segment; The first direction and the second direction intersect.

32. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The exhaust passage (400) includes at least two fourth sections; the fourth section is a spiral section; Along the first direction, at least two of the fourth segments are set sequentially.

33. A battery pack housing, characterized by, The exhaust structure includes any one of claims 1-32.

34. The battery pack enclosure of claim 33, wherein, It also includes a tray body (100) having a receiving cavity for receiving a battery assembly (200); A portion of the tray body (100) forms the housing of the exhaust structure; the air inlet (700) of the exhaust channel (400) of the housing is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet (800) of the exhaust channel (400) of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

35. The battery pack enclosure of claim 33, wherein, It also includes a tray body (100) having a receiving cavity for accommodating a battery assembly (200); the air inlet (700) of the exhaust channel (400) of the exhaust structure is connected to the receiving cavity, and the exhaust outlet (800) of the exhaust channel (400) of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

36. A battery pack, characterized by include: Battery assembly (200); And the battery pack housing according to any one of claims 33-35, wherein the receiving cavity of the battery pack housing is used to receive the battery assembly (200); Alternatively, the battery pack may include the venting structure as described in any one of claims 1-32.

37. An electrical device, comprising: Includes the battery pack as described in claim 36.

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