A power supply circuit with reduced power consumption

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of charging power supply technology, and discloses a power supply circuit for power reduction and voltage regulation. It includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, a PWM control circuit, a regulated output circuit, an MCU control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power supply, and the output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit. One output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit, and the other output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the regulated output circuit. The control terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit, the second control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the regulated output circuit, and the third control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the indicator circuit. This power supply circuit can achieve stable charging of the battery, making charging safer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of charging power supply technology, specifically to a power supply circuit with reduced power and voltage regulation. Background Technology

[0002] A switching power supply, also known as a switching converter or switching power supply unit, is a high-frequency power conversion device and a type of power supply. Its function is to convert a voltage at a certain level into the voltage or current required by the user through different structural forms. The input of a switching power supply is mostly AC power (such as mains power) or DC power, while the output is mostly for devices that require DC power, such as personal computers and mobile phones. The switching power supply performs the voltage and current conversion between these two sources.

[0003] However, existing switching power supplies on the market have drawbacks such as not being able to output a stable power signal, lacking charging status indicators, and making it difficult to monitor the charging progress. Furthermore, these power supplies can easily damage batteries, reducing their lifespan and battery life.

[0004] Therefore, existing power supply methods need further improvement to address the above issues. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of existing charging methods, such as the lack of stable power output and charging status indication, as well as issues like battery damage and poor battery life. By rationally designing the power supply circuit, employing an input rectifier and filter circuit, a main charging circuit, and an auxiliary charging circuit, and combining these with the cooperation of the input rectifier and filter circuit, transformer circuit, PWM control circuit, voltage regulator output circuit, MCU control circuit, and indicator circuit, stable charging and charging status indication can be achieved, making charging safer, improving battery life, and extending battery lifespan.

[0006] The specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A power-reducing voltage-regulating power supply circuit includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a main charging circuit, and an auxiliary charging circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power supply, and the output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminals of the main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit. The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are connected in parallel, and the output terminals of the main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit together serve as the output terminal of the power supply circuit.

[0008] The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are the same circuit, both including a transformer circuit, a PWM control circuit, a voltage regulator output circuit, an MCU control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit. One output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit. The other output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit. The control terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit. The second control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit. The third control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the indicator circuit.

[0009] Furthermore, the PWM control circuit includes a chip control circuit and an optocoupler control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to an output terminal of the transformer circuit, the control terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler control circuit, and the control terminal of the optocoupler control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit.

[0010] Further, the chip control circuit includes resistor R9, capacitors C3, C4, C8, C5, chip U1, resistor R10, capacitor C2, diode D2, resistor R1, capacitor E2, resistor R33, resistor R5, resistor R4, resistor R6, resistor R8, and NMOS transistor Q1. Terminal "1" of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, one end of resistor R10, and the output terminal of the optocoupler control circuit. The other end of capacitor C5 and resistor R10 are grounded together. Terminal "2" of chip U1 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U1 is grounded. Terminal "4" of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C4 and one end of resistor R9. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to terminal "8" of chip U1 and one end of capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. The chip U1 terminal "7" is connected to one end of capacitor C8 and one end of resistor R33. The other end of capacitor C8 is grounded. The other end of resistor R33 is connected to one end of capacitor E2, one end of resistor R1, and the negative terminal of diode D2. The other end of capacitor E2 is grounded. The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to one output terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit. The chip U1 terminal "6" is connected to one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q1 and one end of resistor R4. The chip U1 terminal "3" is connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to one end of resistor R8, one end of resistor R4, and the source of NMOS transistor Q1. The other end of capacitor C2 and the other end of resistor R8 are grounded together. The drain of NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit.

[0011] Further, the optocoupler control circuit includes optocoupler U2, resistor R11, capacitor C17, Zener diode U3, resistor R13, capacitor C7, capacitor C6, resistor R15, resistor R14, diode D3, sliding rheostat RP, resistor NC, resistor R24, resistor R16, and capacitor C10. Terminals "3" and "4" of optocoupler U2 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the chip control circuit. Terminal "1" of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R11. The other end of resistor R11 is connected to one end of capacitor C17 and an external DC power supply. The other end of capacitor C17 is grounded. Terminal "2" of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R13 and terminal "3" of Zener diode U3. Resistor R1... 3. The other end is connected to one end of capacitor C7. The other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the "1" terminal of Zener diode U3, one end of capacitor C6, one end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R14, and one end of resistor R24. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D3. The negative terminal of diode D3 is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor NC and the "1" terminal of sliding rheostat RP. The other end of resistor NC, the "2" terminal of sliding rheostat RP, and the "3" terminal of sliding rheostat RP are all grounded. The other end of resistor R24 ​​is connected to one end of resistor R16 and one end of capacitor C10. The other end of capacitor C10 is grounded. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to an external DC power supply.

[0012] Furthermore, the voltage regulated output circuit includes an output circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. The input terminal of the output circuit is connected to another output terminal of the transformer circuit, and the output terminal of the output circuit is connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and the external power supply, respectively. The control terminal of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to the second control terminal of the MCU control circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the output circuit includes diode D4, capacitor C14, resistor R27, capacitor E4, resistor R26, resistor R25, diode D5, PNP transistor Q3, resistor R29, resistor R30, resistor R31, resistor R32, Zener diode ZD1, rectifier Q4, diode D6, capacitor E3, and capacitor C16. The anode of diode D4 and one end of capacitor C14 are connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C14 is connected to one end of resistor R27. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the cathode of diode D4, one end of capacitor E4, one end of resistor R26, and the anode of diode D5. The other end of capacitor E4 and the other end of resistor R26 are grounded. The cathode of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q3, one end of resistor R29, and the positive terminal of the external output power supply. The negative terminal of the external output power supply is connected to one end of resistor R31 and terminal "2" of rectifier Q4. The other end of resistor R31 is connected to the other end of resistor R29 and the base of PNP transistor Q3. The collector of PNP transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R30. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to one end of resistor R32 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C16 is connected to one end of resistor R25, terminal "1" of rectifier Q4, and the input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit. The other end of resistor R32 is connected to terminal "2" of Zener diode ZD1. Terminal "1" of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to terminal "3" of rectifier Q4. The anode of diode D6 is connected to the other output terminal of transformer circuit. The cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of capacitor E3 and external DC power supply. The other end of capacitor E3 is grounded.

[0014] Further, the operational amplifier circuit includes resistor R12, capacitor C12, amplifier U5, capacitor C9, resistors R21, R22, R20, R19, R17, R18, NPN transistor Q2, and diode D7. Terminal "5" of amplifier U5 is connected to one end of capacitor C12 and one end of resistor R12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to the output terminal of the output circuit. Terminal "6" of amplifier U5 is connected to one end of capacitor C9, one end of resistor R21, one end of resistor R22, and one end of resistor R20. The other end of resistor R21 is grounded, the other end of resistor R22 is connected to an external DC power supply, the other end of resistor R20 is connected to the control terminal of the MCU control circuit, the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the "7" terminal of amplifier U5, one end of resistor R19 and one end of resistor R17, the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the control terminal of the MCU control circuit, the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q2, the emitter of NPN transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R18, the other end of resistor R18 is connected to the anode of diode D7, and the cathode of diode D7 is connected to an external DC power supply.

[0015] Further, the input rectifier and filter circuit includes a fuse F1, a thermistor NTC1, a capacitor CX, a capacitor VR1, a mutual inductor L1, a capacitor CX1, a rectifier bridge DP1, and a capacitor E1. One end of the fuse F1 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of the fuse F1 is connected to one end of the capacitor CX, one end of the capacitor VR1, and the "4" terminal of the mutual inductor L1. One end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor CX, the other end of the capacitor VR1, and the "1" terminal of the mutual inductor L1. The "3" terminal of the mutual inductor L1 is connected to one end of the capacitor CX1 and the "3" terminal of the rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of the mutual inductor L1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor CX1 and the "1" terminal of the rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of the rectifier bridge DP1 is grounded. The "4" terminal of the rectifier bridge DP1 is connected to one end of the capacitor E1 and the input terminal of the transformer circuit, and the other end of the capacitor E1 is grounded.

[0016] Furthermore, the transformer circuit includes a primary transformer circuit, a first-stage transformer circuit, a second-stage transformer circuit, and a third-stage transformer circuit. The input terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit. The output terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the input terminals of the first-stage transformer circuit, the second-stage transformer circuit, and the third-stage transformer circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the first-stage transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit. The output terminals of the second-stage transformer circuit and the third-stage transformer circuit are respectively connected to the input terminals of the voltage regulator output circuit.

[0017] Furthermore, the primary transformer circuit includes a transformer T1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C1, a capacitor CY1, and a diode D1. The "3" terminal of the transformer T1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the capacitor CY1, and the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the negative terminal of the diode D1. The positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the "1" terminal of the transformer T1, and the other end of the capacitor CY1 is grounded.

[0018] Furthermore, the primary transformer circuit includes a resistor R3, one end of which is connected to terminal "4" of the transformer T1, and the other end of which is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit. Terminal "6" of the transformer T1 is grounded.

[0019] Furthermore, the second-stage transformer circuit includes the second-stage coil of transformer T1, the "9" terminal of the second-stage coil of transformer T1 is grounded, and the "7" terminal of the second-stage coil of transformer T1 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulated output circuit.

[0020] Furthermore, the third-stage transformer circuit includes the third-stage coil of transformer T1, the "12" terminal of the third-stage coil of transformer T1 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulation output circuit, and the "10" terminal of the third-stage coil of transformer T1 is grounded.

[0021] Furthermore, the MCU control circuit includes an MCU chip circuit and a voltage regulator circuit. One end of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to an external DC power supply, and the other end of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the input terminal of the MCU chip circuit. The control terminal of the MCU chip circuit is respectively connected to the control terminal of the PWM control circuit, the control terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit, and the control terminal of the indicator circuit.

[0022] Furthermore, the voltage regulator circuit includes a diode D8, a capacitor E5, a chip U6, and a capacitor C15. The positive terminal of the diode D8 is connected to an external DC power supply, the negative terminal of the diode D8 is connected to one end of the capacitor E5 and the "1" terminal of the chip U6, the other end of the capacitor E5 is grounded, the "2" terminal of the chip U6 is grounded, and the "3" terminal of the chip U6 is connected to one end of the capacitor C15 and the input terminal of the MCU chip circuit.

[0023] Furthermore, the MCU chip circuit includes a chip U4 and a capacitor C13. Terminal "1" of chip U4 is connected to one end of capacitor C13 and the output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, and the other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. Terminal "8" of chip U4 is grounded, and terminals "6" and "7" of chip U4 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the indicator circuit. Terminals "2", "3", and "4" of chip U4 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the PWM control circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, the indicator circuit includes resistors R7, R23, and R28, LED1 and LED2. One positive terminal of LED1 is connected to one end of resistor R7, and the other positive terminal of LED1 is connected to one end of resistor R23. The other ends of resistors R7 and R23 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the MCU chip. The negative terminal of LED1 is grounded. One end of resistor R28 is connected to an external DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R28 is connected to the positive terminal of LED2. The negative terminal of LED2 is grounded.

[0025] Furthermore, the rectifier bridge DP1 is selected as the BP310G model rectifier bridge DP1.

[0026] Furthermore, the chip U1 is selected as the UC3842 model chip.

[0027] Furthermore, the chip U4 is selected as the N8P2511 model chip.

[0028] Furthermore, the chip U6 is selected as the 78L05 model chip.

[0029] Furthermore, the optocoupler U2 is selected as an 817C model optocoupler.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] This invention, through a rational design of the power supply circuit, employs an input rectifier and filter circuit, a main charging circuit, and an auxiliary charging circuit. Combined with the cooperation of the input rectifier and filter circuit, transformer circuit, PWM control circuit, voltage regulator output circuit, MCU control circuit, and indicator circuit, it achieves stable charging of the battery and indicates the charging status, making charging safer, improving battery range, and extending battery life. The MCU control circuit and indicator circuit, with red and green indicator lights, display the charging status. The MCU control circuit connected to the voltage regulator circuit provides a stable power supply. The cooperation between the PWM control circuit and the MCU control circuit effectively achieves overcurrent, overvoltage, and undervoltage protection. Furthermore, this power supply circuit eliminates sulfation with a large current in the early stage of energy storage; reduces water loss with a small current during constant voltage transition; prevents thermal runaway when the charger indicator lights normally turn; shortens charging time by 35%; increases electric vehicle range by 10%; and extends battery life by 98%. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit for reducing power consumption and regulating voltage according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit for reducing power consumption and regulating voltage according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit for reducing power consumption and regulating voltage according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a power curve diagram of a power supply circuit for power reduction and voltage regulation according to this utility model.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a current curve diagram of a power supply circuit for power reduction and voltage regulation according to this utility model.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a voltage curve diagram of a power supply circuit for power reduction and voltage regulation according to the present invention.

[0038] Reference numerals: 01. Input rectifier and filter circuit; 02. Transformer circuit; 03. Regulated output circuit; 05. PWM control circuit; 04. MCU control circuit; 06. Indicator circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0040] See Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a power reduction and voltage regulation power supply circuit, which includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a main charging circuit and an auxiliary charging circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power supply, and the output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the main charging circuit and the input terminal of the auxiliary charging circuit. The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are connected in parallel, and the output terminals of the main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are used together as the output terminal of the power supply circuit.

[0041] The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are the same circuit, both of which include a transformer circuit 02, a PWM control circuit 05, a voltage regulator output circuit 03, an MCU control circuit 04, and an indicator circuit 06. The output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit 01 is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit 02. One output terminal of the transformer circuit 02 is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit 05. The other output terminal of the transformer circuit 02 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit 03. The control terminal of the PWM control circuit 05 is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit 04. The second control terminal of the MCU control circuit 04 is connected to the control terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit 03. The third control terminal of the MCU control circuit 04 is connected to the control terminal of the indicator circuit 06.

[0042] The PWM control circuit 05 includes a chip control circuit and an optocoupler control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to an output terminal of the transformer circuit 02, the control terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler control circuit, and the control terminal of the optocoupler control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit 04.

[0043] The voltage regulator output circuit 03 includes an output circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. The input terminal of the output circuit is connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The output terminal of the output circuit is connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and the external power supply, respectively. The control terminal of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to the second control terminal of the MCU control circuit 04.

[0044] The transformer circuit includes a primary transformer circuit, a first-stage transformer circuit, a second-stage transformer circuit, and a third-stage transformer circuit. The input terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit 01. The output terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the input terminals of the first-stage transformer circuit, the second-stage transformer circuit, and the third-stage transformer circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the first-stage transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit 05. The output terminals of the second-stage transformer circuit and the third-stage transformer circuit are connected to the input terminals of the voltage regulator output circuit 03, respectively.

[0045] The MCU control circuit includes an MCU chip circuit and a voltage regulator circuit. One end of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to an external DC power supply, and the other end of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the input terminal of the MCU chip circuit. The control terminal of the MCU chip circuit is connected to the control terminal of the PWM control circuit, the control terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit 03, and the control terminal of the indicator circuit 06, respectively.

[0046] The input rectifier and filter circuit 01 includes a fuse F1, a thermistor NTC1, capacitors CX and VR1, mutual inductor L1, capacitor CX1, rectifier bridge DP1, and capacitor E1; the primary transformer circuit includes a transformer T1, resistor R2, capacitor C1, capacitor CY1, and diode D1; the first-stage transformer circuit includes a resistor R3; the second-stage transformer circuit includes the second-stage coil of transformer T1; the third-stage transformer circuit includes the third-stage coil of transformer T1; the chip control circuit includes a resistor R9, capacitors C3, C4, C8, and C5, chip U1, resistor R10, capacitor C2, diode D2, resistor R1, capacitor E2, resistor R33, resistor R5, resistor R4, resistor R6, resistor R8, and NMOS transistor Q1; the optocoupler control circuit includes an optocoupler U2, resistor R11, capacitor C17, Zener diode U3, resistor R13, capacitor C7, capacitor C6, and resistor R1. 5. Resistor R14, diode D3, variable resistor RP, resistor NC, resistor R24, resistor R16, and capacitor C10; Output circuit includes diode D4, capacitor C14, resistor R27, capacitor E4, resistor R26, resistor R25, diode D5, PNP transistor Q3, resistor R29, resistor R30, resistor R31, resistor R32, Zener diode ZD1, rectifier Q4, diode D6, capacitor E3, and capacitor C16; Operational amplifier circuit includes resistor R12, capacitor C12, amplifier U5, capacitor C9, resistors R21, R22, R20, R19, R17, R18, NPN transistor Q2, and diode D7; Voltage regulator circuit includes diode D8, capacitor E5, chip U6, and capacitor C15; MCU chip circuit includes chip U4 and capacitor C13; Indicator circuit 06 includes resistor R7, resistor R23, resistor R28, LED1, and LED2;

[0047] In this circuit, one end of fuse F1 in the input rectifier filter circuit 01 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of fuse F1 is connected to one end of capacitor CX, one end of capacitor VR1 and the "4" terminal of mutual inductor L1. One end of thermistor NTC1 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of thermistor NTC1 is connected to the other end of capacitor CX, the other end of capacitor VR1 and the "1" terminal of mutual inductor L1. The "3" terminal of mutual inductor L1 is connected to one end of capacitor CX1 and the "3" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of mutual inductor L1 is connected to the other end of capacitor CX1 and the "1" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1 is grounded. The "4" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1 is connected to one end of capacitor E1 and the "3" terminal of transformer T1 in the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor E1 is grounded.

[0048] The primary transformer circuit includes a transformer T1 whose terminal "3" is connected to one end of resistor R2, one end of capacitor C1, one end of capacitor CY1, and the rectifier bridge DP1 "4" terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit 01. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C1 and the negative terminal of diode D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the transformer T1 terminal "1". The other end of capacitor CY1 is grounded. In the secondary transformer circuit, one end of resistor R3 is connected to the transformer T1 terminal "4". The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D2 in the PWM control circuit. The transformer T1 terminal "6" is grounded. In the secondary transformer circuit, the second-stage coil of transformer T1 is grounded at terminal "9". The second-stage coil of transformer T1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D6 in the voltage regulation output circuit at terminal "7". In the tertiary transformer circuit, the third-stage coil of transformer T1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D4 in the voltage regulation output circuit at terminal "12". The third-stage coil of transformer T1 is grounded at terminal "10".

[0049] In this circuit, chip U1's "1" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C5, one end of resistor R10, and the optocoupler U2's "4" terminal of the optocoupler control circuit. The other end of capacitor C5 and resistor R10 are grounded together. Chip U1's "2" terminal is grounded, chip U1's "5" terminal is grounded, chip U1's "4" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C4 and one end of resistor R9. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to chip U1's "8" terminal and one end of capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. Chip U1's "7" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C8 and one end of resistor R33. The other end of capacitor C8 is grounded. The other end of resistor R33 is connected to one end of capacitor E2 and resistor R10. One end of the capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of diode D2, the other end of capacitor E2 is grounded, the positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to the other end of resistor R23 in the transformer circuit, the other end of resistor R1 is connected to the rectifier bridge DP1 "4" terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit, the terminal of chip U1 "6" is connected to one end of resistor R5, the other end of resistor R5 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q1 and one end of resistor R4, the terminal of chip U1 "3" is connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to one end of resistor R8, one end of resistor R4 and the source of NMOS transistor Q1, the other end of capacitor C2 and the other end of resistor R8 are grounded together, and the drain of NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the transformer T1 "1" terminal of the transformer circuit.

[0050] In this circuit, the optocoupler U2 "3" terminal is grounded, the optocoupler U2 "4" terminal is connected to the chip U1 "1" terminal of the chip control circuit, the optocoupler U2 "1" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R11, the other end of resistor R11 is connected to one end of capacitor C17 and an external DC power supply, the other end of capacitor C17 is grounded, the optocoupler U2 "2" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R13 and the Zener diode U3 "3" terminal, the other end of resistor R13 is connected to one end of capacitor C7, the other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the Zener diode U3 "1" terminal, one end of capacitor C6, and resistor R1 One end of resistor R5, one end of resistor R14, and one end of resistor R24 ​​are connected to the positive terminal of diode D3. The negative terminal of diode D3 is connected to terminal "2" of chip U4 in the MCU control circuit. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor NC and terminal "1" of sliding rheostat RP. The other end of resistor NC, terminal "2" of sliding rheostat RP, and terminal "3" of sliding rheostat are all grounded. The other end of resistor R24 ​​is connected to one end of resistor R16 and one end of capacitor C10. The other end of capacitor C10 is grounded. The other end of resistor R16 is connected to an external DC power supply.

[0051] In this circuit, the positive terminal of diode D4 and one end of capacitor C14 are connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C14 is connected to one end of resistor R27. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D4, one end of capacitor E4, one end of resistor R26, and the positive terminal of diode D5. The other end of capacitor E4 and the other end of resistor R26 are grounded together. The negative terminal of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q3, one end of resistor R29, and the positive terminal of the external output power supply. The negative terminal of the external output power supply is connected to one end of resistor R31 and terminal "2" of rectifier Q4. The other end of resistor R31 is connected to the other end of resistor R29 and... The base of PNP transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R30. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to one end of resistor R32 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C16 is connected to one end of resistor R25, terminal "1" of rectifier Q4, and the other end of resistor R12 in the operational amplifier circuit. The other end of resistor R32 is connected to terminal "2" of Zener diode ZD1. Terminal "1" of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to terminal "3" of rectifier Q4. The anode of diode D6 is connected to terminal "7" of transformer T1 in the transformer circuit. The cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of capacitor E3 and an external DC power supply. The other end of capacitor E3 is grounded.

[0052] In this circuit, the amplifier U5 "5" terminal of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to one end of capacitor C12 and one end of resistor R12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to the other end of capacitor C16 in the output circuit. The amplifier U5 "6" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C9, one end of resistor R21, one end of resistor R22 and one end of resistor R20. The other end of resistor R21 is grounded. The other end of resistor R22 is connected to an external DC power supply. The other end of resistor R20 is connected to the chip U4 "3" terminal of the MCU control circuit. The other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the amplifier U5 "7" terminal, one end of resistor R19 and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the chip U4 "4" terminal of the MCU control circuit. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q2. The emitter of NPN transistor Q2 is grounded. The collector of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to the anode of diode D7. The cathode of diode D7 is connected to an external DC power supply.

[0053] In the voltage regulator circuit, the positive terminal of diode D8 is connected to an external DC power supply, the negative terminal of diode D8 is connected to one end of capacitor E5 and terminal U6 "1" of chip U6, the other end of capacitor E5 is grounded, terminal U6 "2" of chip U6 is grounded, and terminal U6 "3" of chip U6 is connected to one end of capacitor C15 and terminal U4 "1" of MCU chip circuit.

[0054] In this circuit, the MCU chip U4 "1" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C13 and the voltage regulator chip U6 "3" terminal. The other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. The chip U4 "8" terminal is grounded. The chip U4 "6" terminal is connected to the other end of resistor R23. The chip U4 "7" terminal is connected to the other end of resistor R7. The chip U4 "2" terminal is connected to the negative terminal of diode D3. The chip U4 "3" terminal is connected to the other end of resistor R20. The chip U4 "4" terminal is connected to the other end of resistor R19 in the PWM control circuit.

[0055] In the indicator circuit 06, one positive terminal of LED1 is connected to one end of resistor R7, the other positive terminal of LED1 is connected to one end of resistor R23, the other end of resistor R7 is connected to terminal "7" of chip U4, the other end of resistor R23 is connected to terminal "6" of chip U4 of MCU chip, the negative terminal of LED1 is grounded, one end of resistor R28 is connected to an external DC power supply, the other end of resistor R28 is connected to the positive terminal of LED2, and the negative terminal of LED2 is grounded.

[0056] Among them, the rectifier bridge DP1 is selected as the BP310G model rectifier bridge DP1; the chip U1 is selected as the UC3842 model chip; the chip U4 is selected as the N8P2511 model chip; the chip U6 is selected as the 78L05 model chip; and the optocoupler U2 is selected as the 817C model optocoupler.

[0057] The specific implementation principle of this utility model is as follows: the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit is connected in parallel to the input terminals of the same main charging circuit and auxiliary charging circuit. The main charging circuit and auxiliary charging circuit are connected in parallel: the charging voltage and switching current of the main charger are normally set, while the charging voltage and switching current of the auxiliary charger are reduced. When both main charging circuits and auxiliary charging circuits charge the battery at the same time, its SOC is less than 70%; when the main charger charges the battery alone, its SOC is greater than 70%.

[0058] Among them, see Figures 4-6 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents time T, in seconds (S); the vertical axis represents the corresponding power P (W), current I (A), and voltage U (V). The voltage equalization of a battery using reduced-power energy storage demonstrates that: the material structure exhibits only one trend of change, entropy only increases in one direction, and capacity only decreases in one way; slow changes in material structure lead to slow increases in entropy and slow decreases in capacity.

[0059] 1) The large current in the early stage of energy storage eliminates the sulfidation trend in time, and the zero-sulfidation energy storage potential of all cells rises normally.

[0060] 2) The constant voltage current is small, the gas evolution power consumption is small, and the water loss is small; as water loss increases, the ratio of individual cell charging time changes little;

[0061] 3) As the number of cycles increases, the voltage remains balanced. The internal resistance of low-voltage cells rises slowly, while the internal resistance of high-voltage cells rises normally.

[0062] 4) The decrease in storage potential is proportional to the increase in internal resistance. The change in the charging time ratio is small. There is no thermal runaway when the charger indicator light turns on normally.

[0063] In addition, the initial current of energy storage is ≈0.25C, the sulfation trend is eliminated in time, and the energy storage potential of all cells rises normally; the constant voltage current is ≈0.10C, the temperature rise of all cells is small, the energy storage potential is high when the internal resistance is low, and the energy storage potential is low when the internal resistance is high; the float charging time is long: the charging time of the charger is shortened by 35%;

[0064] 1) Low internal resistance cells: slow voltage rise during energy storage; large voltage rise during constant voltage period; large voltage rise during float charging period.

[0065] 2) High internal resistance cells: rapid voltage rise during energy storage; less voltage rise during constant voltage period; greater voltage drop during float charging period.

[0066] 3) Increased cycle count: The difference in the increase in charging voltage of all cells is very small, and the battery voltage is balanced.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit for reduced power regulation, characterized by The power reduction and voltage regulation power supply circuit includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a main charging circuit, and an auxiliary charging circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power supply. The output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the main charging circuit and the input terminal of the auxiliary charging circuit. The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are connected in parallel. The output terminals of the main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit together serve as the output terminal of the power supply circuit. The main charging circuit and the auxiliary charging circuit are the same circuit, both including a transformer circuit, a PWM control circuit, a voltage regulator output circuit, an MCU control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit. One output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit. The other output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit. The control terminal of the PWM control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit. The second control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit. The third control terminal of the MCU control circuit is connected to the control terminal of the indicator circuit.

2. A power-reducing regulated power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein The PWM control circuit includes a chip control circuit and an optocoupler control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to an output terminal of the transformer circuit, the control terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the optocoupler control circuit, and the control terminal of the optocoupler control circuit is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit.

3. A power-reducing regulated power supply circuit according to claim 2, wherein The chip control circuit includes resistor R9, capacitors C3, C4, C8, C5, chip U1, resistor R10, capacitor C2, diode D2, resistor R1, capacitor E2, resistor R33, resistor R5, resistor R4, resistor R6, resistor R8, and NMOS transistor Q1. Terminal "1" of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C5, one end of resistor R10, and the output terminal of the optocoupler control circuit. The other end of capacitor C5 and resistor R10 are grounded together. Terminal "2" of chip U1 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U1 is grounded. Terminal "4" of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C4 and one end of resistor R9. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. The other end of resistor R9 is connected to terminal "8" of chip U1 and one end of capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. Terminal U1"7" of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C8 and one end of resistor R33. The other end of capacitor C8 is grounded. The other end of resistor R33 is connected to one end of capacitor E2, one end of resistor R1, and the negative terminal of diode D2. The other end of capacitor E2 is grounded. The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to one output terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit. Terminal U1"6 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor Q1 and one end of resistor R4. Terminal U1"3 of chip U1 is connected to one end of capacitor C2 and one end of resistor R6. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to one end of resistor R8, one end of resistor R4, and the source of NMOS transistor Q1. The other ends of capacitor C2 and resistor R8 are grounded together. The drain of NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit.

4. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 2, wherein, The optocoupler control circuit includes optocoupler U2, resistor R11, capacitor C17, Zener diode U3, resistor R13, capacitor C7, capacitor C6, resistor R15, resistor R14, diode D3, variable resistor RP, resistor NC, resistor R24, resistor R16, and capacitor C10. Terminals "3" and "4" of optocoupler U2 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the chip control circuit. Terminal "1" of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R11. The other end of resistor R11 is connected to one end of capacitor C17 and an external DC power supply. The other end of capacitor C17 is grounded. Terminal "2" of optocoupler U2 is connected to one end of resistor R13 and terminal "3" of Zener diode U3. The other end of resistor R13... One end of the resistor is connected to one end of capacitor C7. The other end of capacitor C7 is connected to the "1" terminal of Zener diode U3, one end of capacitor C6, one end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R14, and one end of resistor R24. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D3, and the negative terminal of diode D3 is connected to the first control terminal of the MCU control circuit. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor NC and the "1" terminal of sliding rheostat. The other end of resistor NC, the "2" terminal of sliding rheostat, and the "3" terminal of sliding rheostat are all grounded. The other end of resistor R24 ​​is connected to one end of resistor R16 and one end of capacitor C10. The other end of capacitor C10 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to an external DC power supply.

5. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein, The voltage regulator output circuit includes an output circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. The input terminal of the output circuit is connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The output terminal of the output circuit is connected to the input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit and the external power supply, respectively. The control terminal of the operational amplifier circuit is connected to the second control terminal of the MCU control circuit.

6. A power-reducing regulated power supply circuit according to claim 5, wherein The output circuit includes diode D4, capacitor C14, resistor R27, capacitor E4, resistor R26, resistor R25, diode D5, PNP transistor Q3, resistor R29, resistor R30, resistor R31, resistor R32, Zener diode ZD1, rectifier Q4, diode D6, capacitor E3, and capacitor C16. The anode of diode D4 and one end of capacitor C14 are connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C14 is connected to one end of resistor R27. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the cathode of diode D4, one end of capacitor E4, one end of resistor R26, and the anode of diode D5. The other end of capacitor E4 and the other end of resistor R26 are grounded. The cathode of diode D5 is connected to the emitter of PNP transistor Q3, one end of resistor R29, and the positive terminal of the external output power supply. The negative terminal of the external power supply is connected to one end of resistor R31 and the "2" terminal of rectifier Q4. The other end of resistor R31 is connected to the other end of resistor R29 and the base of PNP transistor Q3. The collector of PNP transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R30. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to one end of resistor R32 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C16 is connected to one end of resistor R25, the "1" terminal of rectifier Q4, and the input terminal of the operational amplifier circuit. The other end of resistor R32 is connected to the "2" terminal of Zener diode ZD1. The "1" terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the "3" terminal of rectifier Q4. The anode of diode D6 is connected to the other output terminal of the transformer circuit. The cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of capacitor E3 and the external DC power supply. The other end of capacitor E3 is grounded.

7. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein, The operational amplifier circuit includes a resistor R12, a capacitor C12, an amplifier U5, a capacitor C9, resistors R21, R22, R20, R19, R17, R18, an NPN transistor Q2, and a diode D7. The "5" terminal of the amplifier U5 is connected to one end of capacitor C12 and one end of resistor R12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to the output terminal of the output circuit. The "6" terminal of the amplifier U5 is connected to one end of capacitor C9, one end of resistor R21, one end of resistor R22, and one end of resistor R20. The other end of resistor R21 is grounded, the other end of resistor R22 is connected to an external DC power supply, the other end of resistor R20 is connected to the control terminal of the MCU control circuit, the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to the "7" terminal of amplifier U5, one end of resistor R19 and one end of resistor R17, the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the control terminal of the MCU control circuit, the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q2, the emitter of NPN transistor Q2 is grounded, the collector of NPN transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R18, the other end of resistor R18 is connected to the anode of diode D7, and the cathode of diode D7 is connected to an external DC power supply.

8. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein, The input rectifier and filter circuit includes a fuse F1, a thermistor NTC1, capacitors CX and VR1, mutual inductor L1, capacitor CX1, rectifier bridge DP1, and capacitor E1. One end of fuse F1 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of fuse F1 is connected to one end of capacitor CX, one end of capacitor VR1, and the "4" terminal of mutual inductor L1. One end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of the thermistor NTC1 is connected to the other end of capacitor CX, the other end of capacitor VR1, and the "1" terminal of mutual inductor L1. The "3" terminal of mutual inductor L1 is connected to one end of capacitor CX1 and the "3" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of mutual inductor L1 is connected to the other end of capacitor CX1 and the "1" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1. The "2" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1 is grounded. The "4" terminal of rectifier bridge DP1 is connected to one end of capacitor E1 and the input terminal of the transformer circuit, and the other end of capacitor E1 is grounded.

9. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein, The transformer circuit includes a primary transformer circuit, a first-stage transformer circuit, a second-stage transformer circuit, and a third-stage transformer circuit. The input terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit. The output terminal of the primary transformer circuit is connected to the input terminals of the first-stage transformer circuit, the second-stage transformer circuit, and the third-stage transformer circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the first-stage transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the PWM control circuit. The output terminals of the second-stage transformer circuit and the third-stage transformer circuit are respectively connected to the input terminals of the voltage regulator output circuit.

10. The power-reducing regulated power supply circuit of claim 9, wherein, The primary transformer circuit includes a transformer T1, a resistor R2, a capacitor C1, a capacitor CY1, and a diode D1. The "3" terminal of the transformer T1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2, one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the capacitor CY1, and the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and the negative terminal of the diode D1. The positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the "1" terminal of the transformer T1, and the other end of the capacitor CY1 is grounded.

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