A charging power supply circuit for protecting a charging battery in a current sharing manner
By introducing input rectification and filtering, transformer, output power supply, microcontroller control and current control circuits into the charging circuit, the problems of incomplete charging and high energy consumption are solved, achieving full charging and reduced energy consumption, and extending battery life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIAMEN NANCI ELECTRONICS
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing switching power supplies suffer from problems such as incomplete charging, high energy consumption, long charging time, and shortened battery life.
The system employs a combination of an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, an output power supply circuit, a microcontroller control circuit, a current control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The microcontroller and the indicator circuit work together to indicate the charging status, while the microcontroller and the current control circuit work together to control the current distribution and reduce charging energy consumption.
It achieves full charge, reduces charging energy consumption, alleviates battery charging heat, and extends battery life.
Smart Images
Figure CN224596202U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power supply technology, specifically to a current-sharing type charging power supply circuit for protecting rechargeable batteries. Background Technology
[0002] A switching power supply, also known as a switching converter or switching power supply unit, is a high-frequency power conversion device and a type of power supply. Its function is to convert a voltage at a certain level into the voltage or current required by the user through different structural forms. The input of a switching power supply is mostly AC power (such as mains power) or DC power, while the output is mostly for devices that require DC power, such as personal computers and mobile phones. The switching power supply performs the voltage and current conversion between these two sources.
[0003] However, existing switching power supplies on the market suffer from problems such as incomplete charging and high energy consumption. For example, when using a switching power supply, the charging time for the battery is relatively long, and the battery often fails to reach a fully charged state. Prolonged use can reduce the battery's lifespan. These chargers on the market are generally constant current chargers. While the current remains constant when the battery is almost fully charged, the voltage increases, resulting in significant energy loss and the conversion of electrical energy into heat, causing the battery to overheat.
[0004] Therefore, existing power supply methods need further improvement to address the above issues. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome existing problems such as incomplete charging. By rationally designing the charging circuit and employing the cooperation of an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, an output power supply circuit, a microcontroller control circuit, a current control circuit, and an indicator circuit, it is possible to achieve full charging of the battery.
[0006] The specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows:
[0007] A current-sharing type rechargeable battery charging power supply circuit includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, an output power supply circuit, a microcontroller control circuit, a current control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power source. The output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit and the input terminal of the current control circuit. The output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the output power supply circuit. The output terminal of the current control circuit is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The compensation terminal of the current control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit. The input terminal of the microcontroller control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the output power supply circuit. The other end of the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit is connected to the input terminal of the indicator circuit. The output terminal of the output power supply circuit outputs power to the external source.
[0008] Furthermore, the input rectifier and filter circuit includes a fuse F11, a thermistor NTC, a mutual inductor T11, a rectifier bridge DP11, and a capacitor E11. One end of the fuse F11 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of the fuse F11 is connected to terminal "4" of the mutual inductor T11. Terminal "3" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to terminal "3" of the rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal "2" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to one end of the thermistor NTC. The other end of the thermistor NTC is connected to terminal "1" of the rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal "1" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply. Terminal "2" of the rectifier bridge DP11 is grounded. Terminal "4" of the rectifier bridge is connected in parallel to one end of the capacitor E11 and one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of the capacitor E11 is grounded.
[0009] Furthermore, the thermistor NTC includes thermistor NTC11 and thermistor NTC12. The mutual inductance T11 “2” terminal is connected to one end of thermistor NTC11 and one end of thermistor NTC12. The other end of thermistor NTC11 and the other end of thermistor NTC12 are connected to the rectifier bridge DP11 “1” terminal.
[0010] Furthermore, the rectifier bridge DP11 is selected as the BP410G model rectifier bridge.
[0011] Furthermore, the capacitor E11 is selected as an electrolytic capacitor, the positive terminal of the capacitor E11 is connected to the "4" terminal of the rectifier bridge DP11, and the negative terminal of the capacitor E11 is grounded.
[0012] Furthermore, the transformer circuit includes a transformer T12, a diode D11, and a capacitor C120. Terminal "3" of the transformer T12 is connected to the output terminal of the input rectifier filter circuit and the negative terminal of the diode D11. Terminal "1" of the transformer T12 is connected to one end of the capacitor C120 and the output terminal of the current control circuit. The other end of the capacitor C120 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D11 and terminal "8" of the transformer T12. Terminal "10" of the transformer T12 is grounded. The output terminal of the transformer T12 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit.
[0013] Furthermore, the output power supply circuit includes a transformer output circuit and an output terminal circuit. The input terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the output terminal of the transformer circuit, and the output terminal of the output terminal circuit serves as an external output power supply. The other output terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer output circuit, and the output terminal of the transformer output circuit outputs DC power to the outside.
[0014] Further, the output circuit includes capacitor C111, diode D14, resistor R19, diode D15, capacitor C110, resistor R18, capacitor E13, relay JK-5, diode D21, resistor R22, resistor R21, NPN transistor Q21, diode D17, resistor R110, capacitor C18, resistor R111, diode D23, resistor R26, resistor R25, optocoupler U23, and resistor R24. One end of the transformer circuit's output is connected to one end of capacitor C111 and the positive terminal of diode D14. The other end of capacitor C111 is connected to one end of resistor R19. The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D14 and D15 and one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of capacitor C110. The other end of capacitor C110 is grounded along with the positive terminal of diode D15. One end of capacitor E13 is connected to the DC power supply and the switch of relay JK-5. One end of K21 is connected to the switch K21 of relay JK-5. The other end of K21 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17. The negative terminal of diode D17 is connected to one end of resistor R25 and terminal "2" of optocoupler U23. Terminal "1" of optocoupler U23 is connected to the other end of resistor R25 and one end of resistor R26. The other end of resistor R26 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D23. The positive terminal of diode D23 is connected to one end of resistor R110 and one end of resistor R111. The other end of resistor R111 is connected to one end of capacitor C18. The other end of capacitor C18 is grounded. The other end of resistor R110 is grounded. One end of the electromagnetic relay JK-5 is connected to the DC power supply and the negative terminal of diode D21. The positive terminal of diode D21 and the other end of the electromagnetic relay JK-5 are connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q21. The emitter of NPN transistor Q21 is grounded. The base of NPN transistor Q21 is connected to one end of resistor R21. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to one end of resistor R22. The other end of resistor R22 is grounded.
[0015] Furthermore, the transformer output circuit includes a transformer T13, a resistor R123, a diode D16, a capacitor E14, a diode D13, and a capacitor E12. Terminal "3" of transformer T13 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D14. Terminal "1" of transformer T13 is connected to a DC power supply. Terminal "8" of transformer T13 is connected to one end of resistor R123, and the other end of resistor R123 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D13. The negative terminal of diode D13 is connected to one end of capacitor E12, and the other end of capacitor E12 is grounded. Terminal "10" of transformer T13 is grounded. Terminal "11" of transformer T13 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16. Terminal "12" of transformer T13 is grounded. The negative terminal of diode D16 is connected to one end of capacitor E14, and the other end of capacitor E14 is grounded.
[0016] Furthermore, the current control circuit includes a chip control circuit and an arithmetic control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to one input terminal of the transformer circuit, the output terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the other input terminal of the transformer circuit, the compensation terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the arithmetic control circuit, and the input terminals of the arithmetic control circuit are respectively connected to the output terminals of the microcontroller control circuit.
[0017] Further, the chip control circuit includes resistor R1X, capacitors C13, C12, C11, R13, C15, C16, C14, R17, R16, R15, R14, diode D12, NMOS transistor Q11, and chip U11. Terminal "1" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal "3" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C16. Terminal "4" of chip U11 is connected to the other end of capacitor C16, one end of resistor R13, and one end of capacitor C15. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to terminal "8" of chip U11, and the other end of capacitor C15 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal 6” connects the negative terminal of diode D12 to one end of resistor R14. The positive terminal of diode D12 and the other end of resistor R14 are connected to one end of resistor R15 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q11. The source of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R16, and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R16 is grounded. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to one end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C14 is grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. Terminal 7” of chip U11 connects one end of capacitor C13 and one end of resistor R1X. The other end of resistor R1X is connected to one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. Terminal 8” of chip U11 connects to one end of capacitor C12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded.
[0018] Further, the resistor R1X includes resistors R11 and R12, that is: the chip control circuit includes resistors R11 and R12, capacitors C13, C12, C11, R13, C15, C16, C14, R17, R16, R15, R14, diode D12, NMOS transistor Q11, and chip U11. Terminal "1" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal "3" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C16. Terminal "4" of chip U11 is connected to the other end of capacitor C16, one end of resistor R13, and one end of capacitor C15. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to terminal "8" of chip U11, and the other end of capacitor C15 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal 6 of chip U11 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D12 and one end of resistor R14. The positive terminal of diode D12 and the other end of resistor R14 are connected to one end of resistor R15 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q11. The source of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R16 and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R16 is grounded. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to one end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C14 is grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. Terminal 7 of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C13 and one end of resistor R12. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to one end of resistor R11. The other end of resistor R11 is connected to one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. Terminal 8 of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded.
[0019] Furthermore, the operational control circuit includes an optocoupler U12, resistors R112 and R113, a Zener diode U13, a diode D110, a resistor R120, a capacitor C17, a resistor R11M, a diode D19, a resistor R11N, a resistor R117, a resistor R121, an amplifier U22, capacitors C21 and C22, and a resistor R27. Terminal "4" of the optocoupler U12 is connected to the compensation terminal of the chip control circuit, terminal "3" of the optocoupler U12 is grounded, terminal "1" of the optocoupler U12 is connected to one end of resistor R112 and one end of resistor R113, the other end of resistor R112 is connected to a DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R113 is connected to terminal "2" of the optocoupler U12, terminal "3" of the Zener diode U13, the positive terminal of diode D110, and one end of resistor R120. The Zener diode U13's "2" terminal is grounded. The Zener diode U13's "1" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R11M, one end of capacitor C17, one end of resistor R11N, and one end of resistor R117. The other end of resistor R11M is connected to the positive terminal of diode D19. The negative terminal of diode D19 is connected to the microcontroller control circuit. The other end of capacitor C17 is connected to the other end of resistor R120. The other end of resistor R117 is grounded. The other end of resistor R11N is connected to one end of resistor R121 and the DC power supply. The other end of resistor R121 is grounded. The negative terminal of diode D110 is connected to amplifier U22's "1" terminal and one end of capacitor C22. Amplifier U22's "3" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R27 and the microcontroller circuit. Amplifier U22's "2" terminal is connected to the other end of capacitor C22. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the DC power supply.
[0020] Further, the resistor R11M includes resistors R118 and R119, and the resistor R11N includes resistors R114, R115, and R116. That is, the operational control circuit includes optocoupler U12, resistor R112, resistor R113, Zener diode U13, diode D110, resistor R120, capacitor C17, resistors R118, R119, diode D19, resistors R115, R116, R114, and resistor R. 117. Resistor R121, amplifier U22, capacitor C21, capacitor C22, and resistor R27. The "4" terminal of optocoupler U12 is connected to the compensation terminal of the chip control circuit. The "3" terminal of optocoupler U12 is grounded. The "1" terminal of optocoupler U12 is connected to one end of resistor R112 and one end of resistor R113. The other end of resistor R112 is connected to a DC power supply. The other end of resistor R113 is connected to the "2" terminal of optocoupler U12, the "3" terminal of Zener diode U13, and the positive terminal of diode D110. One end of resistor R120 is connected to the ground via the "2" terminal of Zener diode U13. The "1" terminal of Zener diode U13 is connected to one end of resistor R118, one end of capacitor C17, one end of resistor R116, and one end of resistor R117. The other end of resistor R118 is connected to one end of resistor R119. The other end of resistor R119 is connected to the anode of diode D19. The cathode of diode D19 is connected to the microcontroller control circuit. The other end of capacitor C17 is connected to the other end of resistor R120. The other end of resistor R117 is grounded. Resistor R11... 6. Connect one end of resistor R115 to one end of resistor R115. Connect the other end of resistor R115 to one end of resistor R114. Connect the other end of resistor R114 to one end of resistor R121 and the DC power supply. Connect the other end of resistor R121 to ground. Connect the negative terminal of diode D110 to terminal "1" of amplifier U22 and one end of capacitor C22. Connect terminal "3" of amplifier U22 to one end of resistor R27 and the microcontroller circuit. Connect terminal "2" of amplifier U22 to the other end of capacitor C22. Connect the other end of resistor R27 to the DC power supply.
[0021] Furthermore, the chip U11 is selected as the UC3845 chip.
[0022] Further, the microcontroller control circuit includes resistors R28, R29, R210, R211, capacitor C24, chip U21, resistor R212, NPN transistor Q22, diode D24, resistors R213, R214, R215, R216, capacitor C23, and Zener diode Z21. Terminal "1" of chip U21 is connected to a DC power supply and one end of capacitor C24, with the other end of capacitor C24 grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R28. Terminal "3" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R29. Terminal "4" of chip U21 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R210. Terminal 6” is connected to one end of resistor R211. Terminal 7” of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R212. The other end of resistor R212 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q22. The emitter of NPN transistor Q22 is grounded. The collector of NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the anode of diode D24. The cathode of diode D24 is connected to a DC power supply. Terminal 13” of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R216. The other end of resistor R216 is connected to one end of capacitor C23, one end of resistor R215, one end of resistor R214, and the cathode of Zener diode Z21. The other ends of resistor R215, the other end of resistor R214, and the anode of Zener diode Z21 are grounded together. The other end of resistor R214 is connected to one end of resistor R213. The other end of resistor R213 is connected to a DC power supply.
[0023] Furthermore, the indicator circuit includes LED11, resistor R217 and resistor R218. The positive terminal of LED11 is connected to one end of resistor R217 and one end of resistor R218, respectively. The other ends of resistor R217 and resistor R218 are connected to the output terminals of the microcontroller control circuit.
[0024] Furthermore, the amplifier U22 is selected as an LM358 amplifier.
[0025] Furthermore, the chip U21 is selected as the SN8P2711A chip.
[0026] Furthermore, the charging circuit also includes a DC-DC converter power supply circuit and a DC-DC regulated power supply circuit. The DC-DC regulated power supply circuit includes a Zener diode U15, a capacitor E16, a Zener diode U14, and a capacitor E15. The input terminal of the Zener diode U15 is connected to a high level. The output terminal of the Zener diode U15 is connected to one end of the capacitor E16 and the input terminal of the Zener diode U14. The output terminal of the Zener diode U14 is connected to one end of the capacitor E15. The ground terminal of the Zener diode U15, the other end of the capacitor E16, the ground terminal of the Zener diode U14, and the other end of the capacitor E15 are all grounded.
[0027] Furthermore, the DC-DC converter circuit includes a capacitor E17, an NPN transistor Q10, a Zener diode Z11, and a resistor R. One end of the resistor R is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q10, and the other end of the resistor R is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q10 and the negative terminal of the Zener diode Z11. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q10 is connected to one end of the capacitor E17, and the other end of the capacitor E17 is grounded together with the positive terminal of the Zener diode Z11.
[0028] Beneficial effects
[0029] This invention, through a rational design of the charging circuit, employs the coordinated operation of an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, an output power supply circuit, a microcontroller control circuit, a current control circuit, and an indicator circuit to achieve charging saturation. The coordination between the microcontroller and the indicator circuit provides a charging status indicator; the coordination between the microcontroller and the current control circuit enables current distribution control to ensure charging saturation. It also effectively reduces charging energy consumption and alleviates battery heat during charging. Attached Figure Description
[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charging power supply circuit for a current-sharing type of rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging power supply circuit for a current-sharing type of rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the input rectifier and filter circuit of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transformer circuit principle of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the output power supply circuit of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the current control circuit principle of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the microcontroller control circuit principle of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the DC-DC converter circuit of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the DC regulated power supply circuit principle of a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the indicator circuit principle of a current-dividing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery according to this utility model.
[0040] Reference numerals: 01. Input rectifier and filter circuit; 02. Transformer circuit; 03. Output power supply circuit; 04. Microcontroller control circuit; 05. Current control circuit; 06. Indicator circuit. Detailed Implementation
[0041] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0042] See Figures 1-10 As shown, this utility model provides a current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery. The charging circuit includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit 01, a transformer circuit 02, an output power supply circuit 03, a microcontroller control circuit 04, a current control circuit 05, and an indicator circuit 06. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit 01 is connected to an external AC power source. The output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit 01 is connected to the input terminals of the transformer circuit 02 and the current control circuit 05. The output terminal of the transformer circuit 02 is connected to the input terminal of the output power supply circuit 03. The output terminal of the current control circuit 05 is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit 02. The compensation terminal of the current control circuit 05 is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit 04. The input terminal of the microcontroller control circuit 04 is connected to the output terminal of the output power supply circuit 03. The output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit 04 is connected to the input terminal of the indicator circuit 06. The output terminal of the output power supply circuit 03 outputs power to the external source.
[0043] Furthermore, the output power circuit 03 includes a transformer output circuit and an output terminal circuit. The input terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the output terminal of the transformer circuit 02. The output terminal of the output terminal circuit serves as an external output power supply. The other output terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer output circuit. The output terminal of the transformer output circuit outputs DC power to the outside.
[0044] Furthermore, the current control circuit 05 includes a chip control circuit and an arithmetic control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit 02, and the output terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit 02. The compensation terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the arithmetic control circuit, and the input terminal of the arithmetic control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit 04.
[0045] In the input rectifier and filter circuit 01, one end of fuse F11 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of fuse F11 is connected to terminal 4 of mutual inductor T11. Terminal 1 of mutual inductor T11 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply. Terminal 3 of mutual inductor T11 is connected to terminal 3 of rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal 2 of mutual inductor T11 is connected in parallel to one end of thermistor NTC11 and one end of thermistor NTC12. The other ends of thermistors NTC11 and NTC12 are connected together to terminal 1 of rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal 2 of rectifier bridge is grounded. Terminal 4 of rectifier bridge DP11 is connected in parallel to one end of capacitor E11 and terminal 3 of transformer T12 of transformer circuit 02. The other end of capacitor E11 is grounded. The rectifier bridge DP11 is selected as model BP410G.
[0046] In the transformer circuit 02, the 3rd terminal of transformer T12 is connected to one end of capacitor E11 and the negative terminal of diode D11; the 1st terminal of transformer T12 is connected to one end of capacitor C120 and the drain of NMOS transistor Q11 in current control circuit 05; the other end of capacitor C120 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D11 and the 8th terminal of transformer T12; the 10th terminal of transformer T12 is grounded; the 12th terminal of transformer T12 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D14 in output power circuit 03; and the 11th terminal of transformer T12 is grounded.
[0047] In the output power circuit 03, one end of capacitor C111 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D14, and the other end of capacitor C111 is connected to one end of resistor R19. The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D14 and D15, and one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of capacitor C110, and the other end of capacitor C110 is grounded along with the positive terminal of diode D15. One end of capacitor E13 is connected to the DC power supply (+68V) and one end of switch K21 of relay JK-5. The other end of switch K21 of relay JK-5 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17. The negative terminal of diode D17 is connected to one end of resistor R25 and terminal "2" of optocoupler U23, and terminal "1" of optocoupler U23 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17. Connect the other end of resistor R25 to one end of resistor R26. Connect the other end of resistor R26 to the negative terminal of diode D23. Connect the positive terminal of diode D23 to one end of resistor R110 and one end of resistor R111. Connect the other end of resistor R111 to one end of capacitor C18. The other end of capacitor C18 is grounded. The other end of resistor R110 is grounded. Connect one electromagnetic terminal of relay JK-5 to the DC power supply (+12V) and the negative terminal of diode D21. Connect the positive terminal of diode D21 and the other electromagnetic terminal of relay JK-5 to the collector of NPN transistor Q21. The emitter of NPN transistor Q21 is grounded. Connect the base of NPN transistor Q21 to one end of resistor R21. Connect the other end of resistor R21 to one end of resistor R22. The other end of resistor R22 is grounded.
[0048] In the output power circuit 03, the transformer T13's "3" terminal is connected to the negative terminal of diode D14, the transformer T13's "1" terminal is connected to the DC power supply (+68V), the transformer T13's "8" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R123, the other end of resistor R123 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D13, the negative terminal of diode D13 is connected to one end of capacitor E12 and DC power supply VCC1, the other end of capacitor E12 is grounded, the transformer T13's "10" terminal is grounded, the transformer T13's "11" terminal is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16, the transformer T13's "12" terminal is grounded, the negative terminal of diode D16 is connected to one end of capacitor E14 and DC power supply (+12V), the other end of capacitor E14 is grounded;
[0049] In the current control circuit 05, chip U11's "1" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded. Chip U11's "2" terminal is grounded. Chip U11's "3" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C16. Chip U11's "4" terminal is connected to the other end of capacitor C16, one end of resistor R13, and one end of capacitor C15. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to chip U11's "8" terminal, and the other end of capacitor C15 is grounded. Chip U11's "5" terminal is grounded. Chip U11's "6" terminal is connected to the negative terminal of diode D12 and one end of resistor R14. Diode D12's positive terminal and the other end of resistor R14 are connected to one end of resistor R15 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q11. The source of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to resistor R1. 5. The other end of the resistor is connected to one end of resistor R16 and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R16 is grounded. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to one end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C14 is grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to terminal "1" of transformer T12 in transformer circuit 02. Terminal "7" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C13, one end of resistor R12, and DC power supply VCC. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to one end of resistor R11. The other end of resistor R11 is connected to terminal "3" of transformer T12 in transformer circuit 02. The other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. Terminal "8" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded. The chip U11 is selected as model UC3845.
[0050] In the current control circuit 05, the optocoupler U12 "4" terminal is connected to one end of capacitor C11, the optocoupler U12 "3" terminal is grounded, the optocoupler U12 "1" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R112 and one end of resistor R113, the other end of resistor R112 is connected to a DC power supply (+12V), the other end of resistor R113 is connected to the optocoupler U12 "2" terminal, the Zener diode U13 "3" terminal, the positive terminal of diode D110 and one end of resistor R120, the Zener diode U13 "2" terminal is grounded, the Zener diode U13 "1" terminal is connected to one end of resistor R118, one end of capacitor C17, one end of resistor R116 and one end of resistor R117, the other end of resistor R118 is connected to one end of resistor R119, the other end of resistor R119 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D19, and diode D1... The negative terminal of diode D110 is connected to terminal "12" of chip U21 in the microcontroller control circuit 04. The other end of capacitor C17 is connected to the other end of resistor R120. The other end of resistor R117 is grounded. The other end of resistor R116 is connected to one end of resistor R115. The other end of resistor R115 is connected to one end of resistor R114. The other end of resistor R114 is connected to one end of resistor R121 and the DC power supply (+68V). The other end of resistor R121 is grounded. The negative terminal of diode D110 is connected to terminal "1" of amplifier U22 and one end of capacitor C22. Terminal "3" of amplifier U22 is connected to one end of resistor R27 and the output terminal of the microcontroller circuit. Terminal "2" of amplifier U22 is connected to the other end of capacitor C22. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the DC power supply (+5V). Amplifier U22 is selected as the LM358 model amplifier.
[0051] The microcontroller control circuit 04 includes resistors R28, R29, R210, R211, capacitor C24, chip U21, resistor R212, NPN transistor Q22, diode D24, resistors R213, R214, R215, R216, capacitor C23, and Zener diode Z21. Terminal "1" of chip U21 is connected to the DC power supply (+5V) and one end of capacitor C24; the other end of capacitor C24 is grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R28; terminal "3" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R29; terminal "4" of chip U21 is grounded; terminal "5" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R210; and terminal "6" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R211. Terminal 7” is connected to one end of resistor R212. The other end of resistor R212 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q22. The emitter of NPN transistor Q22 is grounded. The collector of NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the anode of diode D24. The cathode of diode D24 is connected to a DC power supply (+12V). Terminal 13” of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R216. The other end of resistor R216 is connected to one end of capacitor C23, one end of resistor R215, one end of resistor R214, and the cathode of Zener diode Z21. The other ends of resistor R215, the other end of resistor R214, and the anode of Zener diode Z21 are grounded. The other end of resistor R214 is connected to one end of resistor R213. The other end of resistor R213 is connected to a DC power supply (+68V). The chip U21 selected is model SN8P2711A.
[0052] Among them, the "8" terminal of chip U21 is connected to the other end of resistor R217 in indicator circuit 06, one end of resistor R217 is connected to the positive terminal of LED11, and the "9" terminal of chip U21 is connected to the other end of resistor R218 in indicator circuit 06, one end of resistor R218 is connected to the positive terminal of LED11.
[0053] Among them, terminal "10" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R22 in output power circuit 03, terminal "11" of chip U21 is connected to terminal "4" of optocoupler U23 in output power circuit 03, terminal "12" of chip U21 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D19 in current control circuit 05, and terminal "14" of chip U21 is grounded.
[0054] The charging circuit also includes a DC-DC converter circuit and a DC-DC regulated power supply circuit.
[0055] The DC regulated power supply circuit includes a Zener diode U15, a capacitor E16, a Zener diode U14, and a capacitor E15. The input terminal of the Zener diode U15 is connected to a high level (DC power supply +12V). The output terminal of the Zener diode U15 is connected to one end of the capacitor E16 and the input terminal of the Zener diode U14. The output terminal of the Zener diode U14 is connected to one end of the capacitor E15 and the DC power supply (+5V). The ground terminal of the Zener diode U15, the other end of the capacitor E16, the ground terminal of the Zener diode U14, and the other end of the capacitor E15 are all grounded.
[0056] The DC-DC converter circuit includes a capacitor E17, an NPN transistor Q10, a Zener diode Z11, and a resistor R61. One end of the resistor R61 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q10 and the DC power supply VCC1, and the other end of the resistor R61 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q10 and the negative terminal of the Zener diode Z11. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q10 is connected to one end of the capacitor E17 and the DC power supply VCC1, and the other end of the capacitor E17 is grounded together with the positive terminal of the Zener diode Z11.
[0057] The specific implementation principle of this utility model is as follows: The charging circuit includes 6 working modes: 1. Pre-charge mode, 2. Low current mode, 3. High current mode, 4. Constant voltage mode, 5. Float charging mode, and 6. Recharge mode. The corresponding indicator light states are as follows: 1. Normal charging - red light, 2. Battery low - flashing green light, 3. Charging saturation - green light, 4. Charging abnormality - flashing red light. The charging process is as follows: 1. Connect the battery, 2. Connect to a 220V AC power supply, 3. Determine if there is over-discharge. If there is over-discharge, the green light flashes, and the charging mode is entered until the voltage reaches the pre-charge value, at which point the pre-charge mode is entered. If the battery is normal and not over-discharged, the red light illuminates, and the pre-charge mode is entered. The pre-charge time is set to 10 minutes. 4. Enter high-current charging mode and charge for 10 minutes. 5. Enter current mode and charge for 5 minutes. 6. Cycle through steps 4 and 5 until the voltage reaches its maximum. 7. Enter constant-voltage charging mode, where the voltage remains constant and the current gradually decreases until it falls below the set value. 8. Enter float charging mode to provide a small current to the battery, ensuring that the battery capacity does not decrease due to self-discharge. Its charging protection functions are: 1. The maximum charging time is 10 hours; after exceeding 10 hours, the battery will be immediately disconnected from charging. 2. Constant-voltage charging will not exceed 2 hours; after exceeding this time, the battery will be immediately disconnected from charging.
[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A current-sharing type protective charging power supply circuit for a rechargeable battery, characterized in that, The charging power supply circuit includes: an input rectifier and filter circuit, a transformer circuit, an output power supply circuit, a microcontroller control circuit, a current control circuit, and an indicator circuit. The input terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to an external AC power source. The output terminal of the input rectifier and filter circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer circuit and the input terminal of the current control circuit. The output terminal of the transformer circuit is connected to the input terminal of the output power supply circuit. The output terminal of the current control circuit is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The compensation terminal of the current control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit. The input terminal of the microcontroller control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the output power supply circuit. The other end of the output terminal of the microcontroller control circuit is connected to the input terminal of the indicator circuit. The output terminal of the output power supply circuit outputs power to the outside.
2. A charging power supply circuit for protecting a charging battery in a current sharing manner according to claim 1, wherein The output power circuit includes a transformer output circuit and an output terminal circuit. The input terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the output terminal of the transformer circuit. The output terminal of the output terminal circuit serves as an external output power source. The other output terminal of the output terminal circuit is connected to the input terminal of the transformer output circuit. The output terminal of the transformer output circuit outputs DC power to the outside.
3. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein The current control circuit includes a chip control circuit and an arithmetic control circuit. The input terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to one input terminal of the transformer circuit, and the output terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the other input terminal of the transformer circuit. The compensation terminal of the chip control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the arithmetic control circuit, and the input terminals of the arithmetic control circuit are respectively connected to the output terminals of the microcontroller control circuit.
4. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein The input rectifier and filter circuit includes a fuse F11, a thermistor NTC, a mutual inductor T11, a rectifier bridge DP11, and a capacitor E11. One end of the fuse F11 is connected to the live wire of the AC power supply, and the other end of the fuse F11 is connected to terminal "4" of the mutual inductor T11. Terminal "3" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to terminal "3" of the rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal "2" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to one end of the thermistor NTC, and the other end of the thermistor NTC is connected to terminal "1" of the rectifier bridge DP11. Terminal "1" of the mutual inductor T11 is connected to the neutral wire of the AC power supply. Terminal "2" of the rectifier bridge DP11 is grounded. Terminal "4" of the rectifier bridge is connected in parallel to one end of the capacitor E11 and one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of the capacitor E11 is grounded.
5. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein The output circuit includes capacitor C111, diode D14, resistor R19, diode D15, capacitor C110, resistor R18, capacitor E13, relay JK-5, diode D21, resistor R22, resistor R21, NPN transistor Q21, diode D17, resistor R110, capacitor C18, resistor R111, diode D23, resistor R26, resistor R25, optocoupler U23, and resistor R24. One end of the transformer circuit's output is connected to one end of capacitor C111 and the positive terminal of diode D14. The other end of capacitor C111 is connected to one end of resistor R19. The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the negative terminals of diodes D14 and D15 and one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of capacitor C110. The other end of capacitor C110 shares a common ground with the positive terminal of diode D15. One end of capacitor E13 is connected to the DC power supply and the switch K2 of relay JK-5.
1. One end of relay JK-5's switch K21 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D17. The negative terminal of diode D17 is connected to one end of resistor R25 and the "2" terminal of optocoupler U23. The "1" terminal of optocoupler U23 is connected to the other end of resistor R25 and one end of resistor R26. The other end of resistor R26 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D23. The positive terminal of diode D23 is connected to one end of resistor R110 and one end of resistor R111. The other end of resistor R111 is connected to one end of capacitor C18. The other end of capacitor C18 is grounded. The other end of resistor R110 is grounded. One end of relay JK-5's electromagnetic relay is connected to a DC power supply and the negative terminal of diode D21. The positive terminal of diode D21 and the other end of relay JK-5's electromagnetic relay are connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q21. The emitter of NPN transistor Q21 is grounded. The base of NPN transistor Q21 is connected to one end of resistor R21. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to one end of resistor R22. The other end of resistor R22 is grounded.
6. A charging power supply circuit for protecting a charging battery in a current sharing manner according to claim 5, wherein The transformer output circuit includes a transformer T13, a resistor R123, a diode D16, a capacitor E14, a diode D13, and a capacitor E12. Terminal "3" of transformer T13 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D14. Terminal "1" of transformer T13 is connected to a DC power supply. Terminal "8" of transformer T13 is connected to one end of resistor R123, and the other end of resistor R123 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D13. The negative terminal of diode D13 is connected to one end of capacitor E12, and the other end of capacitor E12 is grounded. Terminal "10" of transformer T13 is grounded. Terminal "11" of transformer T13 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D16. Terminal "12" of transformer T13 is grounded. The negative terminal of diode D16 is connected to one end of capacitor E14, and the other end of capacitor E14 is grounded.
7. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein The chip control circuit includes resistor R1X, capacitors C13, C12, C11, R13, C15, C16, C14, R17, R16, R15, R14, diode D12, NMOS transistor Q11, and chip U11. Terminal "1" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C11, and the other end of capacitor C11 is grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal "3" of chip U11 is connected to one end of capacitor C16. Terminal "4" of chip U11 is connected to the other end of capacitor C16, one end of resistor R13, and one end of capacitor C15. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to terminal "8" of chip U11, and the other end of capacitor C15 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U11 is grounded. Terminal "6" of chip U11... The terminal connects the negative terminal of diode D12 to one end of resistor R14. The positive terminal of diode D12 and the other end of resistor R14 are connected to one end of resistor R15 and the gate of NMOS transistor Q11. The source of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of resistor R15, one end of resistor R16, and one end of resistor R17. The other end of resistor R16 is grounded. The other end of resistor R17 is connected to one end of capacitor C14 and one end of capacitor C16. The other end of capacitor C14 is grounded. The drain of NMOS transistor Q11 is connected to the other end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The terminal of chip U11"7" is connected to one end of capacitor C13 and one end of resistor R1X. The other end of resistor R1X is connected to one end of the input terminal of the transformer circuit. The other end of capacitor C13 is grounded. The terminal of chip U11"8" is connected to one end of capacitor C12. The other end of capacitor C12 is grounded.
8. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 7, wherein The operational control circuit includes an optocoupler U12, resistors R112 and R113, a Zener diode U13, a diode D110, a resistor R120, a capacitor C17, a resistor R11M, a diode D19, a resistor R11N, a resistor R117, a resistor R121, an amplifier U22, capacitors C21 and C22, and a resistor R27. The "4" terminal of the optocoupler U12 is connected to the compensation terminal of the chip control circuit, and the "3" terminal of the optocoupler U12 is grounded. The "1" terminal of the optocoupler U12 is connected to one end of resistor R112 and one end of resistor R113. The other end of resistor R112 is connected to a DC power supply. The other end of resistor R113 is connected to the "2" terminal of the optocoupler U12, the "3" terminal of the Zener diode U13, the anode of diode D110, and one end of resistor R120, providing voltage regulation. Terminal 2 of transistor U13 is grounded. Terminal 1 of Zener diode U13 is connected to one end of resistor R11M, one end of capacitor C17, one end of resistor R11N, and one end of resistor R117. The other end of resistor R11M is connected to the positive terminal of diode D19. The negative terminal of diode D19 is connected to the microcontroller control circuit. The other end of capacitor C17 is connected to the other end of resistor R120. The other end of resistor R117 is grounded. The other end of resistor R11N is connected to one end of resistor R121 and the DC power supply. The other end of resistor R121 is grounded. The negative terminal of diode D110 is connected to terminal 1 of amplifier U22 and one end of capacitor C22. Terminal 3 of amplifier U22 is connected to one end of resistor R27 and the microcontroller circuit. Terminal 2 of amplifier U22 is connected to the other end of capacitor C22. The other end of resistor R27 is connected to the DC power supply.
9. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein The microcontroller control circuit includes resistors R28, R29, R210, and R211, capacitor C24, chip U21, resistor R212, NPN transistor Q22, diode D24, resistors R213, R214, R215, and R216, capacitor C23, and Zener diode Z21. Terminal "1" of chip U21 is connected to a DC power supply and one end of capacitor C24, with the other end of capacitor C24 grounded. Terminal "2" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R28. Terminal "3" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R29. Terminal "4" of chip U21 is grounded. Terminal "5" of chip U21 is connected to one end of resistor R210. Terminal "6" of chip U21... One end of the terminal is connected to resistor R211. The terminal of chip U21"7" is connected to one end of resistor R212. The other end of resistor R212 is connected to the base of NPN transistor Q22. The emitter of NPN transistor Q22 is grounded. The collector of NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the anode of diode D24. The cathode of diode D24 is connected to a DC power supply. One end of the terminal of chip U21"13" is connected to resistor R216. The other end of resistor R216 is connected to one end of capacitor C23, one end of resistor R215, one end of resistor R214, and the cathode of Zener diode Z21. The other ends of resistor R215, the other end of resistor R214, and the anode of Zener diode Z21 are grounded together. The other end of resistor R214 is connected to one end of resistor R213. The other end of resistor R213 is connected to a DC power supply.
10. The charging battery protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein The indicator circuit includes LED11, resistor R217 and resistor R218. The positive terminal of LED11 is connected to one end of resistor R217 and one end of resistor R218, respectively. The other ends of resistor R217 and resistor R218 are connected to the output terminals of the microcontroller control circuit.