A screening and sorting device for oversize waste

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of garbage sorting and processing equipment on screen, it is related to solid waste treatment technical field, including box, rack, first to third belt conveyor, swing mechanism, scattering device, fan and light material briquetting mechanism.Box provides closed environment to prevent secondary pollution;Swing mechanism drives first, second conveyor synchronous swing to realize light and heavy material primary separation;Scattering device scatters material to avoid "package body";Fan assists to promote light material separation rate;Third conveyor concentrates and conveys heavy material;Light material briquetting mechanism compresses light material into block.The equipment solves the problem of existing technology, such as incomplete separation, large pollution, process fragmentation, realizes efficient separation, environmental protection operation and processing process coherence, reduces artificial cost, meets the demand of life garbage fine processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solid waste treatment technology, and in particular to a screen waste sorting and processing equipment for separating light and heavy materials and subsequent processing of screen waste with larger particle size after the "mechanical crushing + screening" process for the pretreatment of municipal solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of urbanization and rural revitalization, the amount of domestic waste continues to increase, and "reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization" have become core environmental protection requirements. At present, the mainstream pretreatment process for domestic waste is "mechanical crushing + screening", which separates the waste into undersize material (small-diameter soil and decomposed organic matter, which can be used as raw materials for organic fertilizer or landfill) and oversize material (large-diameter mixed materials, including inert heavy materials such as bricks and stones, flexible light materials such as clothing and plastics, and soil lumps / organic matter clumps mixed with light material fragments).

[0003] Existing over-screen waste sorting technology has significant drawbacks: First, sorting is incomplete; flexible, lightweight materials easily entangle with heavier materials, forming "encapsulations" that traditional conveyors cannot break up. Furthermore, lightweight fragments easily embed in soil, requiring manual sorting and significantly increasing costs. Second, it is prone to secondary pollution; most equipment has an open structure, causing dust and plastic fragments to fly during operation, which does not comply with the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal" (GB16889-2008). Third, the processing flow is fragmented; the equipment only has a single sorting function, requiring manual transfer of lightweight materials to briquetting equipment and manual collection of heavy materials, resulting in low efficiency and high labor intensity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, continuous, and stable over-screen waste sorting and processing equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of existing screen waste sorting equipment and provide a screen waste sorting and processing equipment that can achieve efficient separation of light and heavy materials, integrate dustproof design and subsequent briquetting function of light materials, operate stably and have a continuous processing flow, meet the needs of refined treatment of domestic waste, improve processing efficiency and reduce labor costs.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: a waste sorting and processing device for screens, including a box, a frame, a first belt conveyor, a second belt conveyor, and a swing mechanism.

[0006] The enclosure is the closed shell of the equipment, consisting of a frame and panels, with an openable maintenance door on the side.

[0007] The frame is the load-bearing structure of the equipment, ensuring that the layout of each component is reasonable and without interference.

[0008] The first belt conveyor is a primary sorting mechanism. The first belt conveyor is suspended on the upper part of the frame by four steel chains (or optional steel rods) at an inclination of 10-30° (preferably 25°, taking into account both the efficiency of heavy material sliding and the stability of light material conveying). The upper end of the steel chains (or steel rods) is connected to the frame, and the lower end is connected to the side frame of the first belt conveyor. The discharge port of the feeding hopper is located above the middle of the belt of the first belt conveyor and is used to receive waste from the screen.

[0009] The second belt conveyor is a secondary sorting mechanism with the same structure as the first belt conveyor. It is also suspended in the middle of the frame by four steel chains (or optional steel rods) at an inclination of 10-30° (preferably 25°, consistent with the inclination direction of the first conveyor). The middle of the belt of the second belt conveyor corresponds to the discharge port at the upper end of the belt of the first belt conveyor, and is used to receive the light material conveyed by the first conveyor and a small portion of the unseparated heavy material.

[0010] The swing mechanism is the core driving force for dynamic sorting, including a motor, a reducer, a connecting rod eccentric wheel, and a connecting rod transmission mechanism. The input shaft of the reducer is connected to the output shaft of the motor through a coupling. The connecting rod eccentric wheel is connected to the side frames of the first belt conveyor and the second belt conveyor through the connecting rod transmission mechanism. The specific transmission path is as follows: the motor output power is reduced by the reducer and drives the connecting rod eccentric wheel to rotate. The connecting rod eccentric wheel drives the lever rotating arm of the connecting rod transmission mechanism to swing around its central hinge point. Then, through the transmission rod, it synchronously drives the side frames of the two conveyors, ultimately realizing the transmission chain of "motor-reducer-connecting rod eccentric wheel-connecting rod transmission mechanism-conveyor", which drives the two conveyors to swing synchronously along the direction parallel to the belt conveying direction.

[0011] To further improve equipment performance and refine the processing flow, the following preferred options are added based on the main solution described above: The linkage transmission mechanism includes a lever rotating arm hinged in the middle to the frame, a connecting rod eccentric wheel hinged at the lower end of the lever rotating arm, and the upper end of the lever rotating arm connected to the frames on both sides of the first belt conveyor and the frames on both sides of the second belt conveyor via transmission rods.

[0012] This equipment adds a dispersing device between the first and second belt conveyors. The dispersing device includes an iron scoop for receiving material discharged from the upper end of the first belt conveyor. The iron scoop is formed by a bent bottom plate and two side plates. Ear plates are welded and fixed to the middle of the outer walls of the side plates. The two ends of the corners of the bent bottom plate are respectively hinged to the upper ends of support rods fixedly connected to the frame via hinge shafts, allowing the iron scoop to rotate flexibly around the hinge shafts. A column is fixedly connected to the side frame of the second belt conveyor, with the top of the column contacting the lower surface of the ear plates on both sides of the iron scoop. Support; As the second belt conveyor swings parallel to the belt conveying direction under the drive of the swing mechanism, its side frame swings synchronously, which in turn drives the column fixed on the side frame to swing synchronously; The top of the column and the lower surface of the iron scoop ear plate are in point contact support. During the swing, the support height (or force direction) of the column on the ear plate changes periodically, forcing the iron scoop to rotate flexibly up and down around the hinge axis, thereby realizing the dispersing operation of the material discharged from the upper end of the first belt conveyor. The dispersed material flows from the discharge end of the iron scoop to the middle of the belt of the second belt conveyor.

[0013] This equipment is equipped with a third belt conveyor, which is a secondary heavy material conveying mechanism. It is horizontally installed at the bottom of the frame, with its conveying start end corresponding to the lower end of the belt of the second belt conveyor and its conveying end extending to the outside of the box. The function of this conveyor is to transport the heavy material separated by the second conveyor to the outside of the box, where it merges with the heavy material separated by the first conveyor, thus realizing the centralized collection of heavy materials.

[0014] This equipment is equipped with a feeding hopper, a heavy material trough, and a light material trough. The feeding hopper is made of stainless steel and welded into an inverted conical structure, fixed to the upper part of the frame, with its lower opening facing the middle of the belt of the first belt conveyor. The heavy material trough is made of carbon steel and welded into a rectangular trough, located on the side of the frame near the lower end of the first conveyor, with the upper opening of the trough corresponding to the lower end of the first conveyor and the conveying end of the third conveyor. The light material trough is made of carbon steel and located on the side of the frame near the upper end of the second conveyor, with the upper opening of the trough corresponding to the upper end of the second conveyor, and an inclined bottom plate at the bottom of the trough.

[0015] This equipment is equipped with fans as an auxiliary sorting mechanism. Each conveyor (first belt conveyor and second belt conveyor) has 1-2 fans fixedly mounted on the frame above and to the side of its belt end via brackets. The fan outlets are aimed at the belt surface, and the angle between the outlet direction and the belt conveying direction is ≤10°. The function of the fans is to blow airflow onto the belt surface, assisting lightweight materials (such as plastic film and paper) to be conveyed to the upper end of the belt, preventing them from remaining on the belt due to stickiness or gravity, and improving the sorting rate of lightweight materials.

[0016] This equipment is equipped with a lightweight material briquetting mechanism, which is a post-processing device for lightweight materials. It compresses loose lightweight materials into blocks for easy storage and transportation (e.g., plastic recycling granulation, cardboard box recycling). Specifically, it includes: Hydraulic system: It consists of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic cylinders and control valves. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the hydraulic cylinders through high-pressure oil pipes. The control valves control the extension and retraction of the cylinder piston rod by adjusting the flow direction and pressure of the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil pipes, thereby realizing the action of the flat plate pressure head.

[0017] Vertical briquetting machine: This includes two vertical briquetting machines arranged side by side. Each briquetting machine includes a flat pressing head and a forming cavity driven by 1-2 hydraulic cylinders. The number of cylinders can be selected according to the compression requirements of lightweight materials, with 1-2 cylinders. A single cylinder can meet the briquetting strength requirements of conventional lightweight materials, while the symmetrical arrangement of two cylinders can improve the density and uniformity of the briquetting. The forming cavity is formed by a bottom plate, a left baffle, a right baffle, a front gate, and a rear gate. The front and rear gates are rotatably connected to the left / right baffle via hinges and are also connected to the left / right baffle via buckles, facilitating the opening of the front and rear gates after briquetting, inserting straps to bind the material blocks, and removing the material blocks. Multiple parallel strap channels are provided on the upper surface of the bottom plate and the lower surface of the flat pressing head for inserting PP strapping, which allows the material blocks to be packaged while compressed in the forming cavity, and then the packaged material blocks can be removed from the front or rear side of the forming cavity.

[0018] The upper opening of the light material trough corresponds to the upper end of the second conveyor to receive the light material discharge. An inclined bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the trough. The lower opening of the trough corresponds to the upper opening of the forming cavities of the two briquetting machines. A partition is provided in the middle and lower part of the inclined bottom plate. The upper end of the partition is hinged to a swingable guide plate via a hinge shaft. The lower end of the hinge shaft extends to the underside of the inclined bottom plate and is connected to a handle. The manual operation of the handle can swing the guide plate to the left or right. When the guide plate swings to the left, light material is added to the right forming cavity. When the guide plate swings to the right, light material is added to the left forming cavity. This allows the two briquetting machines to operate alternately without delaying the sorting operation during the packaging process.

[0019] The waste on the screen first enters the first belt conveyor through the feeding hopper. Under the oscillating action driven by the inclined conveying and oscillating mechanism of the first belt conveyor, some of the heavy material slides down the inclined belt of the first belt conveyor and falls directly into the heavy material trough below. The light material and a small amount of unseparated heavy material are conveyed to the upper end of the first belt conveyor, and after being dispersed by the dispersing device, they enter the second belt conveyor. With the assistance of the oscillating and fan action, the second belt conveyor further separates the light and heavy materials. The heavy material separated by the second belt conveyor slides down its inclined belt to the third belt conveyor below, and is then horizontally conveyed to the heavy material trough by the third belt conveyor, where it merges with the heavy material separated by the first conveyor. The light material is then conveyed to the upper end of the second belt conveyor and enters the light material trough, and is then distributed by the light material briquetting mechanism for briquetting processing, finally completing the sorting and subsequent processing of the waste on the screen.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: (1) Significantly improved sorting efficiency and thoroughness: The equipment adopts the core design of "dual conveyors + swing mechanism". The first and second belt conveyors swing synchronously under the drive of the swing mechanism. Combined with the tilt angle of 10-30° (preferably 25°), the inertial difference between light and heavy materials in motion is used to achieve initial separation. At the same time, the added dispersing device can effectively break the "wrap" formed by flexible light materials and heavy materials, avoiding the problem of light materials wrapping around heavy materials or embedding in soil. In addition, the blower blows airflow onto the surface of the belt to assist the light materials in being transported with the belt, further reducing the residue of light materials. Compared with the traditional equipment that relies on manual sorting, the sorting rate of light materials is increased by more than 40%, and the amount of light materials mixed in heavy materials is reduced to less than 5%, which greatly reduces labor costs.

[0021] (2) Effectively avoids secondary pollution: The equipment adopts a fully enclosed box design, consisting of a frame and panels, with only an openable maintenance door. During operation, dust, plastic fragments, and other pollutants are contained within the enclosed space, fully complying with the requirements of the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal" (GB16889-2008). Actual testing showed that the ambient dust concentration during equipment operation was ≤0.5mg / m³, far below the standard limit, solving the problem of pollutants flying around during the operation of traditional open equipment and improving the working environment.

[0022] (3) The processing flow is continuous and highly automated: The equipment integrates the entire process of "feeding-sorting-heavy material collection-light material briquetting" without the need for manual material transfer. The waste on the screen is automatically fed into the first belt conveyor through the feeding hopper. After two-stage sorting, the heavy material falls directly into the heavy material trough through the first belt conveyor. The heavy material separated by the second belt conveyor is transported to the heavy material trough by the third belt conveyor. The light material enters the light material trough and is then distributed to the light material briquetting mechanism to be compressed into blocks. The whole process realizes automated and continuous operation, and the processing efficiency is 60% higher than that of traditional fragmentation equipment. Moreover, only 1-2 people are needed to operate and monitor a single piece of equipment, which greatly reduces the labor intensity.

[0023] (4) Stable operation and strong adaptability: The layout of each component of the equipment is reasonably planned through the frame, and there is no problem of motion interference; the swing mechanism adopts the transmission chain of "motor-reducer-connecting rod eccentric wheel-connecting rod transmission mechanism", which is stable and has a low failure rate; the light material briquetting mechanism is equipped with two parallel vertical briquetting machines, which can be operated in turn through the guide plate, so as not to delay the sorting operation in the packaging process and ensure the continuous operation of the equipment; at the same time, the tilt angle of the conveyor can be adjusted within the range of 10-30°, which can adapt to the needs of screen waste treatment with different composition and different humidity, and the applicable scope covers a variety of scenarios such as urban domestic waste and rural mixed waste.

[0024] (5) Enhanced value of resource utilization: The lightweight material briquetting mechanism compresses loose lightweight materials (such as plastic film and paper) into blocks, increasing the density of the blocks by 3-5 times. This not only facilitates storage and transportation but also provides convenience for subsequent resource utilization. For example, the compressed plastic blocks can be directly sent to recycling and granulation plants, reducing losses and costs during transportation; paper blocks can be used as raw materials for recycled paper, improving the utilization rate of recyclables in the waste on the screen, which meets the environmental protection requirements of "reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization". Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model from the upper left rear view. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model from the upper right front view. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the box from the upper right rear view inside the box of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the swing mechanism of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dispersing device of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical briquetting machine of this utility model; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Box body, 2-Frame, 3-First belt conveyor, 4-Second belt conveyor, 5-Swing mechanism, 51-Motor, 52-Reducer, 53-Connecting rod eccentric wheel, 54-Connecting rod transmission mechanism, 541-Lever rotating arm, 542-First transmission rod, 543-Second transmission rod, 6-Dispersing device, 61-Iron sieve, 62-Fixed ear plate, 63-Hinge shaft, 64-Support 65-Column, 7-Third belt conveyor, 8-Feeding hopper, 9-Heavy material trough, 10-Light material trough, 101-Baffle, 102-Guide plate, 103-Handle, 11-Fan, 12-Vertical briquetting machine, 121-Hydraulic cylinder, 122-Flat plate press head, 123-Base plate, 124-Left baffle, 125-Right baffle, 126-Front gate, 127-Rear gate, 128-Binding belt channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 6 The specific structure of this utility model will be described in detail below: (I) Specific Structural Embodiments of the Present Invention A specific embodiment of the screen waste sorting and processing equipment of this utility model is composed of a box 1, a frame 2, a first belt conveyor 3, a second belt conveyor 4, a swing mechanism 5, a dispersing device 6, a third belt conveyor 7, a feeding hopper 8, a heavy material trough 9, a light material trough 10, a blower 11, and a light material pressing mechanism. The components work together to achieve efficient sorting and subsequent processing of screen waste. The specific structure is as follows.

[0027] The enclosure 1 serves as the closed outer shell of the equipment, consisting of a frame welded from structural steel and panels spliced ​​from steel plates, effectively preventing dust and plastic debris from flying during operation. Two operable maintenance doors are installed on each side of enclosure 1. These doors are connected to the frame of enclosure 1 via hinges and are equipped with locks, facilitating opening during equipment maintenance and repair. During normal operation, they should remain closed to ensure airtightness.

[0028] The frame 2 is the load-bearing core of the equipment. It is made of square tubular steel welded into a frame structure. After installation, the components are reasonably arranged and there is no movement interference. It provides stable support for components such as the first belt conveyor 3, the second belt conveyor 4, and the third belt conveyor 7.

[0029] The first belt conveyor 3 is the primary sorting mechanism, consisting of a belt, rollers, side frame, and drive motor. It is suspended from the upper part of the frame 2 by four steel chains. The upper end of the steel chains is welded and fixed to the frame 2, and the lower end is connected to the side frame of the first belt conveyor 3. Its inclination angle is set to 25°. The upper part of the belt is directly connected to the discharge port of the hopper 8, which can accurately receive the screened waste falling from the feeding hopper 8. The initial separation of light and heavy materials is achieved through inclination conveying and subsequent swinging motion.

[0030] The second belt conveyor 4 is a secondary sorting mechanism with a structure identical to the first belt conveyor 3. It is also suspended in the middle of the frame 2 by four steel chains, with the same chain connection method and inclination angle (25°) as the first belt conveyor 3. Its belt corresponds to the discharge port at the upper end of the first belt conveyor 3, receiving the light materials and a small portion of unseparated heavy materials conveyed by the first belt conveyor 3 for secondary sorting.

[0031] The swing mechanism 5 is the core power source for dynamic sorting, comprising a motor 51, a reducer 52, a connecting rod eccentric wheel 53, and a connecting rod transmission mechanism 54. The motor 51 is a three-phase asynchronous motor, and the reducer 52 is a gear reducer. The input shaft of the reducer 52 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 51 via a flexible coupling, and the connecting rod eccentric wheel 53 is fixed to the output shaft of the reducer 52 via a key. In the connecting rod transmission mechanism 54, the lever rotating arm 541 is hinged to the frame 2 via a hinge seat in the middle, its lower end is connected to the connecting rod eccentric wheel 53 via a pin, and its upper end is connected to one end of the first transmission rod 542 and the second transmission rod 543 via pins. The other ends of the two transmission rods are connected to the frames on both sides of the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4 via pins, forming a complete transmission chain that can drive the two conveyors to swing synchronously parallel to the belt conveying direction.

[0032] The material-dispersing device 6 is installed between the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4, and consists of an iron scoop 61, fixed ear plates 62, a hinge shaft 63, a support rod 64, and a column 65. The iron scoop 61 is made of 5mm thick steel plate bent into a bent bottom plate, which is welded to two side plates. Rectangular fixed ear plates 62 are welded to the middle of the outer side walls of the two side plates. The two corners of the bent bottom plate are hinged to the upper ends of the support rod 64 through the hinge shaft 63. The lower ends of the support rod 64 are welded to the frame 2, allowing the iron scoop 61 to rotate flexibly around the hinge shaft 63. The column 65 is a square column steel rod, with its lower end welded to the side frame of the second belt conveyor 4, and its top point-contact support to the lower surface of the fixed ear plates 62 on both sides of the iron scoop 61. It rotates up and down with the swing of the second belt conveyor 4 to disperse the material.

[0033] The third belt conveyor 7 is a secondary heavy material conveying mechanism with a structure similar to the first belt conveyor 3. It is horizontally installed at the lower part of the frame 2. The conveying start end corresponds to the lower end of the belt of the second belt conveyor 4, and the conveying end extends to the outside of the box 1. It can convey the heavy materials separated by the second belt conveyor 4 to the heavy material trough 9 outside the box 1 to realize the centralized collection of heavy materials.

[0034] The feeding hopper 8 is made of stainless steel plate welded into an inverted cone shape and fixed on the upper crossbeam of the frame 2. Its lower opening is directly opposite the middle of the belt of the first belt conveyor 3, ensuring that the waste on the screen can accurately fall into the belt of the first belt conveyor 3 and avoid material spillage. The heavy material trough 9 is made of carbon steel plate welded into a rectangular trough and is set on the side of the frame 2 near the lower end of the first belt conveyor 3. The upper opening of the trough corresponds to the lower end of the first belt conveyor 3 and the conveying end of the third belt conveyor 7, which can collect the heavy material conveyed by the two conveyors at the same time. The light material trough 10 is welded from carbon steel plate and is set on the side of the frame 2 near the upper end of the second belt conveyor 4. The bottom of the trough is an inclined plate with an inclination angle of 25°, which facilitates the light material to slide down the inclined plate to the subsequent briquetting mechanism. A partition plate 101 is welded to the lower middle part of the inclined plate of the light material trough 10. The upper end of the partition plate 101 is hinged to a swingable guide plate 102 through a hinge shaft. The lower end of the hinge shaft extends to the lower part of the inclined plate and is welded with a handle 103. The manual operation of the handle 103 can drive the guide plate 102 to swing left and right, so as to distribute the light material to the two briquetting machines.

[0035] The blower 11 is a centrifugal blower. Two blowers 11 are fixed to the frame 2 above the lower end of the belt of each conveyor by brackets. The brackets are welded to the frame 2. The air outlet of the blower 11 is aligned with the surface of the belt, and the angle between the air outlet direction and the belt conveying direction is 8°. It can blow airflow onto the surface of the belt to assist the lightweight material to be conveyed with the belt and reduce the residue of lightweight material.

[0036] The lightweight briquetting mechanism includes a hydraulic system and two parallel vertical briquetting machines 12. The hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic cylinders 121, and control valves. The hydraulic pump station is fixed to the ground outside the housing 1 and is connected to the hydraulic cylinders 121 through high-pressure oil pipes. The control valves are installed on the hydraulic pump station and can adjust the flow direction and pressure of the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil pipes to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder piston rods. Each vertical briquetting machine 12 includes a hydraulic cylinder 121, a flat pressing head 122, and a forming cavity. Two hydraulic cylinders 121 are symmetrically installed above the forming cavity, with the lower end of the piston rod connected to the flat pressing head 122, driving the flat pressing head 122 to move up and down. The forming cavity is formed by a base plate 123, a left baffle 124, a right baffle 125, a front gate 126, and a rear gate 127. The base plate 123, left baffle 124, and right baffle 125 are welded and fixed. The front gate 126 and rear gate 127 are rotatably connected to the left baffle 124 and right baffle 125 via hinges and are fixed by buckles, allowing for flexible opening and closing. Eight parallel strapping channels 128 are provided on the upper surface of the base plate 123 and the lower surface of the flat pressing head 122 for inserting PP strapping. The lower opening of the lightweight material trough 10 corresponds to the upper opening of the forming cavity of the two vertical briquetting machines 12, ensuring that lightweight materials fall accurately into the forming cavity.

[0037] (II) Working principle and operation steps 1. Working principle Power transmission mechanism: After the equipment is started, the motor 51 in the swing mechanism 5 outputs power, which is reduced by the reducer 52 and drives the connecting rod eccentric wheel 53 to rotate. When the connecting rod eccentric wheel 53 rotates, it drives the lever rotating arm 541 to swing back and forth around its central hinge point. The lever rotating arm 541 transmits power synchronously to the side frame of the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4 through the first transmission rod 542 and the second transmission rod 543, and finally drives the two conveyors to swing synchronously along the direction parallel to the belt conveying direction, providing a continuous dynamic force for the separation of light and heavy materials.

[0038] Light and heavy material grading and sorting mechanism: Waste on the screen falls into the middle of the belt of the first belt conveyor 3 through the feeding hopper 8. Under the dual action of the 25° inclined conveying angle and synchronous swing of the first belt conveyor 3, heavy materials such as bricks and stones, due to their greater gravity and inertia, slide down the inclined belt and fall directly into the heavy material trough 9 below; light materials such as clothing, plastics, and a small amount of unseparated heavy materials are conveyed to the upper end of the first belt conveyor 3 by the belt and fall into the iron scoop 61 of the dispersing device 6. Since the second belt conveyor 4 swings synchronously with the swinging mechanism 5, its side frame drives the column 65 to swing synchronously horizontally. The support height of the column 65 on the fixed ear plate 62 of the iron scoop 61 changes periodically, forcing the iron scoop 61 to rotate flexibly up and down around the hinge shaft 63, breaking up the "encapsulation" in the material and preventing light materials from entangled with heavy materials. After being broken up, the material falls onto the belt of the second belt conveyor 4. With the assistance of the inclined conveying, synchronous swinging, and the air outlet of the fan 11 at an angle of 8° with the belt conveying direction of the second belt conveyor 4, the remaining heavy material slides down the belt to the third belt conveyor 7, and is then horizontally conveyed by the third belt conveyor 7 to the heavy material trough 9, where it merges with the heavy material separated from the first belt conveyor 3; the light material is conveyed to the upper end by the belt of the second belt conveyor 4 and falls into the light material trough 10.

[0039] Lightweight material briquetting and continuous operation mechanism: Lightweight material in the lightweight material trough 10 slides down the inclined bottom plate at a 25° angle. The manual operation handle 103 drives the guide plate 102 to swing, distributing the lightweight material into the forming cavity of one of the vertical briquetting machines 12. When the lightweight material in the forming cavity reaches the set filling amount, the hydraulic system is activated, and the control valve adjusts the hydraulic oil flow direction, causing the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 121 to extend and push the flat plate press head 122 downward to compress the lightweight material in the forming cavity. After compression, the front gate 126 or the rear gate 127 is opened, and PP strapping is inserted through the strapping channel 128 of the bottom plate 123 and the flat plate press head 122 to fix and pack the material block. Then, the packed material block is taken out. When one briquetting machine is packing and taking out material, the operation handle 103 switches the guide plate 102 to the forming cavity of the other vertical briquetting machine 12, so that the two briquetting machines can work alternately, ensuring that the lightweight material processing is uninterrupted and that the entire sorting and processing process runs continuously.

[0040] 2. Operating Procedures (1) Equipment inspection and preliminary preparation Open the inspection doors on both sides of the housing 1 and check the status of each component one by one: whether the belts of the first belt conveyor 3, the second belt conveyor 4, and the third belt conveyor 7 are intact and undamaged, whether the tension is appropriate, and whether the rollers rotate smoothly without jamming; whether the motor 51 and reducer 52 of the swing mechanism 5 are firmly connected without loosening or abnormal noise, and whether the pins and hinges of the linkage transmission mechanism 54 are flexible; whether the iron scoop 61 of the dispersing device 6 is not deformed, whether the hinge shaft 63 rotates smoothly, and whether the column 65 and the fixed ear plate 62 are in normal contact; whether the air outlet of the fan 11 is not blocked and the alignment direction is accurate; whether the hydraulic cylinder 121 of the light material pressing mechanism has no leakage, and whether the flat plate pressing head 122, the front gate 126, and the rear gate 127 operate flexibly, and whether the hydraulic pump station has sufficient oil and normal oil quality; and whether there is no foreign matter remaining in the heavy material trough 9 and the light material trough 10. After the inspection is completed, close and lock the maintenance door of box 1, and place the PP packing straps next to the light material pressing mechanism for later use, ensuring that the strap length meets the strapping requirements of strapping channel 128. Connect the main power supply to the equipment, turn on the power switch on the control panel, and check whether the power indicator lights of each motor 51 and hydraulic system are lit normally to confirm that the power supply to the equipment is stable and there are no abnormalities.

[0041] (2) Equipment startup and parameter confirmation Start the equipment in the following order: "secondary first, primary second; conveyor first, power last": first start the third belt conveyor 7, and after it runs smoothly, start the second belt conveyor 4; after the second belt conveyor 4 is running normally, start the first belt conveyor 3; then start the motor 51 and fan 11 of the swing mechanism 5; finally start the hydraulic pump station of the light material briquetting mechanism. During startup, observe the operating status of each component: the conveyor belt runs smoothly without deviation, the swing mechanism 5 drives the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4 to swing synchronously without jamming, the fan 11 outputs air normally, and the hydraulic system has no abnormal noise; if any abnormality is found, such as belt deviation, abnormal noise, or leakage, immediately press the emergency stop button on the control panel to cut off the main power supply, troubleshoot and repair the fault before restarting. Confirm that the operating parameters of each piece of equipment meet the set requirements: the tilt angle of the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4 is maintained at 25°, the air outlet of the fan 11 is at an angle of 8° with the belt conveying direction, and the hydraulic system pressure is within the set range, which is normally 15-20MPa.

[0042] (3) Material input and sorting The waste on the screen is fed into the equipment through the feeding hopper 8. The feeding speed is controlled to ensure that the material falls evenly into the middle of the first belt conveyor 3, so as to avoid belt blockage or incomplete sorting caused by too much material being fed at one time. Real-time observation of the sorting process: Through the observation window on the side of the box 1 (which is not marked with a number and is a conventional auxiliary structure), check the separation of heavy materials on the first belt conveyor 3 to ensure that the heavy materials slide smoothly down to the heavy material trough 9; check whether the iron scoop 61 of the dispersing device 6 rotates up and down normally and whether the material dispersing effect is good; check the secondary sorting of the second belt conveyor 4 to see if the heavy materials fall smoothly into the third belt conveyor 7 and whether the light materials fall accurately into the light material trough 10. Regularly check the filling status of the heavy material trough 9. When the heavy material trough 9 is about to overflow, stop feeding and shut down the equipment. The shutdown sequence is the reverse of the startup sequence. After emptying the heavy material trough 9, restart the equipment to continue feeding.

[0043] (4) Lightweight material briquettes and briquette collection Observe the amount of light material in the light material trough 10. When the light material reaches a certain height, operate the handle 103 of the light material trough 10 to swing the guide plate 102 above the forming cavity of one of the vertical briquetting machines 12, so that the light material falls into the forming cavity along the guide plate 102. When the lightweight material in the molding cavity is filled to the same level as the top of the molding cavity, operate the hydraulic system control button to start the flat platen pressure head 122 to compress the lightweight material downwards; during the compression process, observe the pressure change of the hydraulic system. After reaching the set pressure, such as 18MPa, maintain the pressure for 30 seconds to ensure that the material block is compressed and compacted. After compression is completed, stop the hydraulic cylinder 121, open the front gate 126 or the rear gate 127, insert PP packaging straps through the strapping channel 128 of the forming cavity to securely bind the material block, and then take out the packaged material block and place it in the designated collection area. While removing the material block, the operating handle 103 switches the guide plate 102 to the forming cavity of another vertical briquetting machine 12 to continue filling and compressing the light material, so that the two vertical briquetting machines 12 can work alternately to ensure continuous processing of light materials.

[0044] (5) Equipment shutdown and post-operation cleanup When the waste on the screen is processed or the machine needs to be stopped, first stop feeding material into the feeding hopper 8. After the material on the first belt conveyor 3 and the second belt conveyor 4 has been completely conveyed to the subsequent heavy material trough 9, light material trough 10, and briquetting mechanism, shut down the equipment in the order of "power first, then conveying; primary first, then secondary": first shut down the swing mechanism 5 motor 51, fan 11, and hydraulic pump station, then shut down the first belt conveyor 3, then shut down the second belt conveyor 4, and finally shut down the third belt conveyor 7; after shutting down all the equipment, disconnect the main power supply. Open the inspection door of box 1 and clean the residual materials of each component: clean the residual debris on the belts of the first belt conveyor 3, the second belt conveyor 4, and the third belt conveyor 7 to prevent materials from sticking and affecting the next use; clean the residual materials in the feeding hopper 8, the heavy material trough 9, and the light material trough 10 to ensure that the troughs are clean; clean the residual materials in the iron sieve 61 of the dispersing device 6 and check whether the hinge shaft 63 is smooth; clean the residual debris in the forming cavity of the light material pressing mechanism, and close the front gate 126 and the rear gate 127. Check all parts of the equipment for wear or looseness. Add lubricating oil to the hinge points of the swing mechanism 5 linkage transmission mechanism 54, the conveyor roller shaft and other transmission components. Make a record of equipment maintenance to prepare for the next use.

Claims

1. A waste sorting and processing device for screened waste, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (1), a frame (2), a first belt conveyor (3), a second belt conveyor (4), and a swing mechanism (5). The housing (1) is a closed shell, consisting of a frame and panels, with an openable maintenance door on the side. The frame (2) is a load-bearing structure. The first belt conveyor (3) is suspended at an angle of 10-30° above the frame (2) by four steel chains or steel rods, with the discharge port of the feeding hopper (8) corresponding to the middle of the belt. The second belt conveyor (4) has the same structure as the first belt conveyor (3), and is suspended by four steel chains or steel rods. The boom is tilted at 10-30° and suspended in the middle of the frame (2). The middle of the belt corresponds to the upper discharge port of the first belt conveyor (3). The swing mechanism (5) includes a motor (51), a reducer (52), a connecting rod eccentric wheel (53) and a connecting rod transmission mechanism (54). The input shaft of the reducer (52) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (51) through a coupling. The connecting rod eccentric wheel (53) is connected to the side frame of the first belt conveyor (3) and the second belt conveyor (4) through the connecting rod transmission mechanism (54), driving the two conveyors to swing synchronously along the direction parallel to the belt conveying direction.

2. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, As a further improvement to the swing mechanism (5) in claim 1, the linkage transmission mechanism (54) includes a lever rotating arm (541) hinged in the middle to the frame (2), the lower end of the lever rotating arm (541) is hinged to the connecting rod eccentric wheel (53), and the upper end is connected to the frames on both sides of the first belt conveyor (3) and the frames on both sides of the second belt conveyor (4) through the first transmission rod (542) and the second transmission rod (543) respectively.

3. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dispersing device (6), which is located between the first belt conveyor (3) and the second belt conveyor (4). The device includes an iron scoop (61), which is formed by a bent bottom plate and two side plates. The middle of the outer side wall of the two side plates is welded with a fixed ear plate (62). The two ends of the bent bottom plate are hinged to the upper end of the support rod (64) fixed on the frame (2) through the hinge shaft (63). A column (65) is fixedly connected to the side frame of the second belt conveyor (4). The top of the column (65) contacts and supports the lower surface of the fixed ear plate (62) on both sides of the iron scoop (61).

4. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a third belt conveyor (7), which is horizontally installed at the bottom of the frame (2), with the starting end of the conveying corresponding to the lower end of the belt of the second belt conveyor (4) and the end of the conveying extending to the outside of the box (1).

5. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a feeding hopper (8), a heavy material trough (9) and a light material trough (10); the feeding hopper (8) is a stainless steel inverted cone structure, fixed on the upper part of the frame (2), with the lower opening facing the middle of the belt of the first belt conveyor (3); the heavy material trough (9) is a carbon steel rectangular trough, located on the side of the frame (2) near the lower end of the first belt conveyor (3), with the upper opening corresponding to the lower end of the first belt conveyor (3) and the conveying end of the third belt conveyor (7); the light material trough (10) is made of carbon steel, located on the side of the frame (2) near the upper end of the second belt conveyor (4), with an inclined bottom plate at the bottom.

6. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes fans (11). One or two fans (11) are fixed to the frame (2) above the lower end of the belt of each conveyor by brackets. The air outlet of the fan (11) is aligned with the surface of the belt, and the angle between the air outlet direction and the belt conveying direction is ≤10°.

7. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lightweight briquetting mechanism, comprising a hydraulic system and two parallel vertical briquetting machines (12); the hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic cylinders (121) and control valves, the hydraulic pump station is connected to the hydraulic cylinders (121) via high-pressure oil pipes, and the control valves regulate the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil; the vertical briquetting machine (12) includes a flat pressing head (122) driven by 1-2 hydraulic cylinders (121) and a forming cavity, the forming cavity being enclosed by a base plate (123), a left baffle (124), a right baffle (125), a front gate (126) and a rear gate (127). The front gate (126) and rear gate (127) are rotatably connected to the left baffle (124) and right baffle (125) by hinges and fixed by buckles; multiple parallel strap channels (128) are opened on the upper surface of the bottom plate (123) and the lower surface of the flat press head (122); the lower opening of the light material trough (10) corresponds to the upper opening of the forming cavity of the two vertical briquetting machines (12); a partition (101) is provided in the middle and lower part of the inclined bottom plate; the upper end of the partition (101) is hinged to the swingable guide plate (102) by the hinge shaft; the lower end of the hinge shaft extends to the bottom of the inclined bottom plate and is connected to the handle (103).

8. The waste sorting and processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclination angles of the first belt conveyor (3) and the second belt conveyor (4) are both 25°.

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