A new gantry machine tool spindle box structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to main shaft box structure technical field, and disclose a kind of novel gantry machine tool main shaft box structure, including head, motor mounting support, main shaft motor, mechanical spindle, encoder, first belt drive mechanism, intermediate connecting shaft, second belt drive, installation window.Adopt this structure, encoder is directly linked with mechanical spindle by second belt drive mechanism, avoid the interference of transmission chain gap to position feedback, to be able to utilize the real position and rotational speed of encoder feedback mechanical spindle, again by the electrical signal of encoder acquisition driving main shaft motor dynamic compensation gap, such as reverse pre-tightening torque.Set up installation window simultaneously, can realize the dismounting maintenance of encoder without disassembling motor support and main shaft motor and other components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of spindle box structure technology, specifically a novel spindle box structure for a gantry milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] The basic principle of spindle drive backlash is that it is caused by manufacturing and assembly errors, and it is one of the important factors affecting machining accuracy. Its impact is mainly reflected in the generation of machining errors, the reduction of machining accuracy, and the influence on machining quality. The mechanism by which drive backlash affects machining accuracy is crucial. During motion reversal, backlash causes the actual movement of the worktable to lag behind the command, resulting in reverse errors. For machining circular arcs or curved surfaces, backlash will form cylindrical surfaces instead of spherical surfaces at quadrant positions, causing geometric distortion. In high-speed machining, the vibration caused by backlash will affect surface quality. Simultaneously, backlash also reduces system rigidity, causing tool deflection during heavy cutting. To significantly eliminate spindle backlash and improve machining quality, a new type of gantry milling machine spindle box structure is urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present invention provides a novel spindle box structure for a gantry milling machine, which solves the problem of transmission backlash caused by assembly errors, thereby affecting machining quality.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure includes a headstock. A motor mounting bracket is mounted on the outer side of the headstock, and a spindle motor is mounted on the bracket. A mechanical spindle is rotatably mounted inside the headstock, and an encoder is mounted on the headstock corresponding to the connection between the spindle motor and the mechanical spindle. The spindle motor drives the mechanical spindle via a first belt drive mechanism. The encoder's output is connected to an intermediate connecting shaft via a second belt drive mechanism. The motor mounting bracket has mounting windows corresponding to the encoder's mounting holes on the headstock. Specifically, it also includes a PLC or servo controller for controlling the spindle motor, capable of receiving electrical signals collected by the encoder. Both the first and second belt drive mechanisms employ existing structures, such as pulleys mounted on different shafts and belts connecting them. Both mechanisms possess flexible buffering characteristics, absorbing the impact load during spindle motor startup and preventing rigid transmission from damaging the mechanical spindle bearings and encoder, thus extending the service life of core components. The encoder can employ existing technologies, such as absolute photoelectric encoders and incremental photoelectric encoders. In operation, the spindle motor drives the mechanical spindle inside the machine head to rotate via a first belt drive mechanism, enabling heavy-duty cutting or indexing operations. As the mechanical spindle rotates, it drives the encoder's intermediate connecting shaft to rotate synchronously via a second belt drive mechanism. The encoder then converts the rotational motion of the intermediate connecting shaft into micron-level precision electrical signals, providing real-time feedback of the mechanical spindle's actual position and speed to the machine tool's controller. The controller then controls the spindle motor's position and speed, thereby using the first belt drive mechanism to adjust the mechanical spindle's rotation and eliminate the influence of spindle backlash. Furthermore, encoder disassembly and assembly can be performed directly through the mounting window. With this structure, the encoder is directly linked to the mechanical spindle via the second belt drive mechanism, avoiding interference from transmission chain backlash on position feedback. This allows the encoder to provide feedback on the mechanical spindle's true position and speed, and the electrical signals collected by the encoder drive the spindle motor to dynamically compensate for backlash, such as through reverse preload torque. The mounting window also allows for encoder disassembly and maintenance without disassembling the motor bracket and spindle motor.

[0006] Furthermore, the motor mounting bracket includes a triangular bracket detachably connected to the machine head. The mounting window is located on the triangular bracket, which is equipped with a lifting assembly. A lifting mounting plate is mounted on the lifting assembly, which moves up and down. The main spindle motor is mounted on the lifting mounting plate. The triangular bracket can be detachably connected to the outside of the machine head using any existing method, such as bolts. In use, when it is necessary to disassemble or assemble corresponding encoder components, the lifting assembly can move the main spindle motor and other components up and down. This structure allows the output end of the main spindle motor to rise, thus fully exposing the mounting window and preventing the main spindle motor from obstructing the space, facilitating better encoder assembly and disassembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes an electric push rod mounted on the triangular bracket and a connecting block mounted on the upper end of the electric push rod, the connecting block being detachably connected to the lifting mounting plate; the lower end of the lifting mounting plate is provided with multiple lifting guide rods, the lifting guide rods being slidably connected to the triangular bracket and the lifting guide rods. The electric push rod can employ existing technology, such as a ball screw type electric push rod, as long as its technical principle can be achieved. In use, the electric push rod, in conjunction with the connecting block, drives the lifting mounting plate to move up and down, and the multiple lifting guide rods provide limiting and guiding functions. This structure allows for the up and down movement of the lifting mounting plate via the electric push rod, is simple in design, and provides guidance and limiting during lifting through the lifting guide rods, preventing misalignment of the lifting mounting plate during lifting and thus avoiding impact on the accuracy of the subsequent spindle motor.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a mounting bracket for installing the encoder; symmetrical side limiting blocks for laterally limiting the mounting bracket are arranged in the mounting holes of the head, and a rear limiting block is provided at the rear end of the two side limiting blocks. The mounting bracket is detachably connected to the rear limiting block via a long screw. In use, the mounting bracket is pushed into the middle of the corresponding side limiting blocks until it abuts against the rear limiting block, and then the mounting bracket is connected to the rear limiting block via the long screw to complete the installation; otherwise, it is removed. With this structure, the double limiting structure can ensure the accurate installation position of the encoder mounting bracket, thereby ensuring the accuracy of encoder detection; at the same time, the disassembly and assembly connection method using the long screw is simple in structure and reliable in connection.

[0009] Furthermore, a first guide ramp is provided on the inner side of the outer end of the side limiting block, and a second guide ramp is provided on the inner end of the fixing frame to cooperate with the first guide ramp. Using this structure, the first and second guide ramps can effectively push the fixing frame in, reducing alignment time and improving installation efficiency.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The encoder is directly linked to the machine spindle via a second belt drive mechanism, avoiding interference from transmission chain backlash on position feedback. This allows the encoder to provide feedback on the actual position and speed of the machine spindle, and the electrical signals collected by the encoder drive the spindle motor to dynamically compensate for backlash, such as reverse preload torque. Furthermore, the inclusion of an installation window allows for encoder disassembly and maintenance without removing the motor bracket and spindle motor. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the nose of the aircraft in this embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2 For this implementation Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of A in the middle;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a front view of the machine head in this embodiment;

[0014] Figure 4 This embodiment Figure 3 AA sectional view;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nose of the aircraft in this embodiment, viewed from below.

[0016] Figure 6 This embodiment Figure 5 BB sectional view.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1. Machine head; 2. Motor mounting bracket; 201. Triangular bracket; 202. Lifting mounting plate; 203. Electric push rod; 204. Connecting block; 205. Lifting guide rod; 3. Main spindle motor; 4. Mechanical spindle; 5. Encoder; 6. First belt drive mechanism; 7. Intermediate connecting shaft; 8. Second belt drive mechanism; 9. Mounting window; 10. Fixing frame; 11. Side limiting block; 12. Rear limiting block; 13. Long screw; 14. First guide slope. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following will provide a more detailed description of the technical solution of a novel gantry machine tool spindle box structure related to this utility model, with reference to the embodiments.

[0019] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6As shown, this embodiment of a novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure includes a machine head 1, a motor mounting bracket 2 on the outer side of the machine head 1, a spindle motor 3 mounted on the motor mounting bracket 2, a mechanical spindle 4 rotatably mounted inside the machine head 1, and an encoder 5 mounted on the machine head 1 corresponding to the connection between the spindle motor 3 and the mechanical spindle 4. The spindle motor 3 drives the mechanical spindle 4 via a first belt drive mechanism 6. The output shaft of the encoder 5 is provided with an intermediate connecting shaft 7, which is connected to the mechanical spindle 4 via a second belt drive mechanism 8. A mounting window 9 is provided on the motor mounting bracket 2 corresponding to the mounting holes of the encoder 5 on the machine head 1. Specifically, it also includes a PLC or servo controller for controlling the spindle motor 3, which can receive electrical signals collected by the encoder 5. The motor mounting bracket 2 includes a triangular bracket 201 detachably connected to the machine head 1. The mounting window 9 is located on the triangular bracket 201. A lifting assembly is mounted on the triangular bracket 201, and a lifting mounting plate 202 is mounted on the lifting assembly. The lifting mounting plate 202 moves up and down via the lifting assembly. The main shaft motor 3 is mounted on the lifting mounting plate 202. The lifting assembly includes an electric push rod 203 mounted on the triangular bracket 201 and a connecting block 204 mounted on the upper end of the electric push rod 203. The connecting block 204 is detachably connected to the lifting mounting plate 202. Multiple lifting guide rods 205 are mounted on the lower end of the lifting mounting plate 202, and the lifting guide rods 205 are slidably connected to the triangular bracket 201. It also includes a mounting bracket 10 for mounting the encoder 5; symmetrically arranged side limiting blocks 11 for laterally limiting the mounting bracket 10 are provided in the mounting holes of the head 1, and rear limiting blocks 12 are provided at the rear ends of the two side limiting blocks 11. The mounting bracket 10 is detachably connected to the rear limiting blocks 12 by a long screw 13. A first guide slope 14 is provided on the inner side of the outer end of the side limiting block 11, and a second guide slope that cooperates with the first guide slope 14 is provided on the inner end of the mounting bracket 10. In use, the spindle motor 3 drives the mechanical spindle 4 inside the machine head 1 to rotate via the first belt drive mechanism 6, enabling heavy-duty cutting or indexing operations. When the mechanical spindle 4 rotates, it drives the intermediate connecting shaft 7 of the encoder 5 to rotate synchronously via the second belt drive mechanism 8. The encoder 5 then converts the rotational motion of the intermediate connecting shaft 7 into an electrical signal with micron-level precision, providing real-time feedback of the actual position and speed of the mechanical spindle 4 to the machine tool controller. The controller then controls the position and speed of the spindle motor 3, thereby using the first belt drive mechanism 6 to drive the mechanical spindle 4 to rotate and adjust, thus eliminating the influence of spindle backlash. At the same time, when it is necessary to disassemble or assemble the encoder 5, it can be done directly through the installation window 9.With this structure, the encoder 5 is directly linked to the mechanical spindle 4 via the second belt drive mechanism 8, avoiding interference from transmission chain backlash on position feedback. This allows the encoder 5 to provide feedback on the actual position and speed of the mechanical spindle 4, and the electrical signals collected by the encoder 5 drive the spindle motor 3 to dynamically compensate for backlash, such as reverse preload torque. Simultaneously, an installation window 9 is provided, enabling the encoder 5 to be disassembled and maintained without removing components such as the motor bracket and spindle motor 3.

[0021] The control method of this utility model is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge or conventional technology in the field. Therefore, this utility model will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0022] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel spindle box structure for a gantry milling machine, characterized in that: The device includes a machine head, on the outer side of which a motor mounting bracket is provided. A main spindle motor is mounted on the motor mounting bracket. A mechanical spindle is rotatably mounted inside the machine head. An encoder is mounted on the machine head corresponding to the connection between the main spindle motor and the mechanical spindle. The main spindle motor drives the mechanical spindle via a first belt drive mechanism. The output of the encoder is connected to an intermediate connecting shaft via a second belt drive mechanism. A mounting window is provided on the motor mounting bracket corresponding to the mounting holes of the encoder on the machine head.

2. The novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor mounting bracket includes a triangular bracket detachably connected to the machine head. The mounting window is opened on the triangular bracket. A lifting component is provided on the triangular bracket. A lifting mounting plate is provided on the lifting component. The lifting mounting plate moves up and down by the lifting component. The main shaft motor is mounted on the lifting mounting plate.

3. The novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting assembly includes an electric push rod mounted on the triangular bracket and a connecting block mounted on the upper end of the electric push rod. The connecting block is detachably connected to the lifting mounting plate. The lower end of the lifting mounting plate is provided with multiple lifting guide rods, which are slidably connected to the triangular bracket and the lifting guide rods.

4. The novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting bracket for mounting the encoder; symmetrical side limiting blocks for laterally limiting the mounting bracket are arranged in the mounting holes of the head, and a rear limiting block is provided at the rear end of the two side limiting blocks, and the mounting bracket is detachably connected to the rear limiting block by a long screw.

5. The novel gantry milling machine spindle box structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer end of the side limiting block is provided with a first guide slope, and the inner end of the fixing frame is provided with a second guide slope that cooperates with the first guide slope.

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