A depth-controllable automatic feeding magnetic base drill machine control circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of depth controllable automatic feeding magnetic base drilling machine control circuit, comprising: microcontroller, angle detection unit, feeding motor drive unit and power unit.Angle detection unit is used to detect the rotation angle of direct current planetary reduction motor;Microcontroller according to the angle signal, the operation and back of direct current planetary reduction motor are controlled by feeding motor drive unit, to realize the automatic accurate control of drilling depth.The present application is through the innovation of circuit structure, effectively solve the problem that the existing magnetic base drilling machine needs manual feeding, labor intensity is big, drilling depth consistency is poor, realizes the automation and intelligentization of drilling process.The present application can also include magnetic seat power supply, main motor control, overcurrent protection, position protection and user input unit, to further improve the safety and operability of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of industrial processing equipment control technology, and in particular to a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling machine control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern industry, magnetic drilling rigs are widely used due to their ease of attachment to workpieces for drilling. However, currently, most magnetic drilling rigs in China still require manual operation of the feed handle during drilling. This manual operation method has significant drawbacks: firstly, it greatly increases the operator's workload, especially when using large-diameter tools, which require greater feed torque and are more strenuous; secondly, the accuracy of manual control depends entirely on the operator's experience, making it difficult to ensure consistency in drilling depth across multiple holes, resulting in low processing accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the existing technology for a magnetic drilling rig control scheme that can automatically complete the feed process and precisely control the drilling depth to reduce manual labor and improve processing quality and efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems of high labor intensity and poor drilling depth control accuracy and consistency in the manual feed operation of magnetic base drilling rigs in the prior art, this utility model proposes a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic base drilling rig control circuit.

[0004] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig control circuit includes: a microcontroller, an angle detection unit, a feed motor drive unit, and a power supply unit;

[0006] The signal output terminal of the angle detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller, and is used to detect the rotation angle of the DC planetary gear motor and generate a corresponding feedback signal.

[0007] The motor control output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the input terminal of the feed motor drive unit, and the output terminal of the feed motor drive unit is used to connect and control the start, stop and direction of the DC planetary geared motor.

[0008] The microcontroller is configured to control the operation and retraction of the DC planetary geared motor through the feed motor drive unit based on the signal fed back by the angle detection unit, so as to achieve automatic control of the drilling depth.

[0009] The power supply unit provides operating voltage to the microcontroller, angle detection unit, and feed motor drive unit. The microcontroller, angle detection unit, and feed motor drive unit form a closed-loop control system, achieving fully automatic and precise control of drilling depth. This completely replaces the traditional manual feeding method, greatly reducing the operator's workload and significantly improving the consistency of drilling depth and processing accuracy.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a magnetic base power supply unit, the input of which is connected to the mains power, and the output of which is used to power the magnetic base coil.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a main motor control unit, which includes a relay. The control coil of the relay is connected to the main motor control output terminal of the microcontroller via a switching transistor, and the relay contacts are connected in series in the power supply circuit of the main motor. By automatically starting and stopping the main motor through the microcontroller, switching transistor, and relay, the coordinated operation of the main motor and the feed motor is realized, making the entire drilling process fully automated.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle detection unit includes an angle sensor, the signal output of which is connected to the analog-to-digital converter input or a general-purpose input / output port of the microcontroller. Using an angle sensor to directly detect the motor rotation angle provides a direct and reliable detection method, offering precise displacement feedback signals to the microcontroller.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a current protection unit, the input terminal of which is coupled to the current circuit of the main motor and / or the feed motor, for collecting the motor operating current;

[0014] The output of the current protection unit is connected to the protection signal input of the microcontroller;

[0015] The microcontroller is also configured to determine whether the motor is overcurrent based on the signal output by the current protection unit, and to execute a motor-stopping protection action when overcurrent occurs. The current protection unit can monitor the motor's operating status in real time and quickly cut off the power supply in case of abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, effectively preventing the motor from burning out due to excessive load or drill jamming, thus improving the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0016] Furthermore, the current protection unit includes a current sampling circuit, a signal comparison circuit, and an isolation output circuit;

[0017] The current sampling circuit is used to acquire the current signal in the motor circuit.

[0018] The input terminal of the signal comparison circuit is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling circuit, and is used to compare the current signal with a preset threshold.

[0019] The input terminal of the isolation output circuit is connected to the output terminal of the signal comparison circuit, and the output terminal of the isolation output circuit constitutes the output terminal of the current protection unit. Through the sampling-comparison-isolation output process, the overcurrent signal is captured quickly and accurately and electrically isolated, ensuring the stability of signal transmission and anti-interference capability, while protecting the microcontroller from high-voltage interference on the motor side.

[0020] Furthermore, the current sampling circuit is either a sampling resistor connected in series in the motor circuit or a current transformer coupled to the motor circuit. Sampling resistors are low-cost and have simple circuits; current transformers do not require contact with the main circuit and offer high safety. They can be flexibly selected according to different application scenarios and cost requirements, enhancing the applicability of the solution.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a position detection unit, which includes a position sensor, and the signal output terminal of the position sensor is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller;

[0022] The microcontroller is also configured to immediately reverse and retract the DC planetary geared motor when the position sensor is triggered. The position detection unit acts as a redundant safety protection layer, forcibly retracting the drill bit before it reaches its mechanical limits, even in the event of angle sensor failure or incorrect depth setting. This provides dual protection for the equipment, preventing damage and enhancing safety.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes a user input unit, which includes a feed gear adjustment knob and multiple function buttons;

[0024] The output of the feed gear adjustment knob is connected to the analog-to-digital converter input of the microcontroller;

[0025] Multiple function buttons are connected to the microcontroller's general-purpose input / output ports in a matrix or independent circuit structure. Users can flexibly set the drilling depth using a knob and perform operations such as start, stop, and emergency stop using the buttons, making the control of automated equipment more intuitive and convenient.

[0026] Furthermore, the magnetic base power supply unit includes a rectifier bridge, the AC input terminal of which is connected to the mains power, and the DC output terminal of which is used to power the magnetic base coil.

[0027] The power supply unit is a DC / DC power conversion circuit. Its input terminal is connected to the AC mains power or the DC output terminal of a rectifier bridge, drawing power from the AC mains or rectifier bridge output and converting it into stable low-voltage DC power to supply the microcontroller and other low-voltage components. The rectifier bridge provides high-power DC power to the magnetic base, while the efficient DC / DC power conversion circuit provides a stable and clean low-voltage power supply to the control core, ensuring the stability of the control circuit operation and improving the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the entire system.

[0028] The above technical solution has the following advantages or technical effects:

[0029] 1. This utility model completely replaces manual feeding through a closed-loop control circuit, achieving automated and high-precision control, greatly reducing labor intensity, and ensuring the consistency and accuracy of drilling depth.

[0030] 2. This utility model, through the current protection unit and the position detection unit, forms both electronic and mechanical overload and limit protection, which significantly improves the safety and reliability of the equipment.

[0031] 3. This utility model integrates automatic control of the main motor and a user-friendly human-machine interface, making the equipment operation more convenient and the degree of automation higher. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the control circuit of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the microcontroller and related control circuits of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply unit and the magnetic base power supply unit of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the main motor overcurrent protection circuit of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the circuit diagram of the overcurrent protection circuit for the feed motor of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical solution of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig control circuit includes: a microcontroller U5, an angle detection unit, and a feed motor drive unit. The microcontroller U5, as the core of the closed-loop control, monitors the feed displacement of the magnetic drilling rig through the angle detection unit. The microcontroller U5 compares the detected value with the user-set value (set according to actual needs, without limitation here) and outputs a control signal to drive the feed motor drive unit, thereby precisely controlling the forward and backward movement of the DC planetary geared motor U6 to achieve automatic control of the drilling depth. The control circuit operates through a stable power supply unit, integrating a current protection unit and a position detection unit, and receives operation commands through a user input unit. This control circuit achieves a leap from manual operation to automatic intelligent control, greatly reducing the operator's labor intensity and ensuring consistent machining accuracy.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the microcontroller U5 receives signals from sensors and user input, performs internal logic operations, and then issues commands to control the two motors:

[0040] Main motor control: Pin 3 of microcontroller U5 (main motor control output terminal) drives the base / gate of switching transistor Q1 (which can be a transistor or MOSFET) through resistor R9. When this pin outputs a high level, switching transistor Q1 is turned on, causing the coil of relay CN1 driven by the 24V power supply to be energized, and its normally open contact to close, thereby connecting the power supply circuit of the main motor. A freewheeling diode D1 is connected in reverse parallel across the coil of relay CN1 to absorb the induced voltage spike generated when the coil is de-energized, thereby realizing the safe and reliable start and stop control of the high-power main motor by microcontroller U5.

[0041] Feed motor control: The microcontroller U5 directly outputs motor control signals. Its pins 5, 6, and 8 output start / stop, direction (forward / reverse), and PWM speed control signals, respectively, which directly or through the motor driver chip L298N to control the operation of the DC planetary geared motor U6. By coordinating the control of the main motor and the feed motor, a complete automated process of drilling-automatic feed-return is achieved.

[0042] Users interact with the system through user input units, such as Figure 2As shown, the user input unit includes a feed level adjustment knob U3 and function buttons (SW1-SW4). The feed level adjustment knob U3 is essentially a potentiometer, with its two ends connected to the power supply VDD and GND. The middle tap outputs an analog voltage signal to pin 13 (AD sampling port) of the microcontroller U5. The MCU determines the depth level set by the user by reading this voltage value. The four function buttons (SW1-SW4) adopt an independent grounding structure. One end of each button is connected to the ground through a resistor R4, and the other end is connected to pins 11, 12, 14, and 15 (IO ports) of the microcontroller U5, respectively. The MCU identifies the user's start, stop, and other commands by scanning the level status of these IO ports.

[0043] Signal detection is fundamental to achieving closed-loop control. This system includes two key sensors:

[0044] Angle detection unit: Its core is the angle sensor CN4, which can be a rotary encoder or a potentiometer. It is installed in the transmission part to detect the rotation angle of the motor. Its signal output terminal is connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller U5.

[0045] Position detection unit: Its core is position sensor U4, which can be a mechanical limit switch or a Hall sensor, installed at the physical limit position of the feed stroke as a final safety barrier. Its signal output terminal is connected to pin 4 of microcontroller U5.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the power supply circuit consists of two parts: a magnetic base power supply unit and a power supply unit.

[0047] The magnetic base power supply unit provides high-power DC power to the electromagnetic chuck. Its core component is the rectifier bridge D7. The phase line (L) and neutral line (N) of the 220VAC AC mains power are connected to the AC input terminals of rectifier bridge D7. The positive terminal of the rectified DC power is sequentially transmitted to the positive terminal of the CN3 interface of the magnetic base through diodes (D6, D8), while the negative terminal is directly connected to the negative terminal of the CN3 interface. A freewheeling diode D9 is connected in reverse parallel across the CN3 interface of the magnetic base to discharge the back electromotive force generated when the magnetic base coil is de-energized, protecting other components in the circuit. This unit circuit has a simple and reliable structure, ensuring that the magnetic base can generate a strong adsorption force.

[0048] The control power supply unit provides a stable and clean operating power supply for low-voltage chips such as microcontrollers, employing a primary power module U9 and a primary linear regulator U2. Power module U9 directly converts the input 220VAC to a stable 24VDC output, which powers relays, feed motors, etc. The 24VDC is then input to the linear regulator U2, where it is converted to a stable 5V or 3.3V VDD, powering the microcontroller U5, operational amplifiers, sensors, etc. Each stage of the power supply is equipped with filter capacitors (such as C1, C2, C3, and C4) at both the input and output terminals.

[0049] The advantage of hierarchical power supply design is that it isolates the power section from the control section at the power level, effectively reducing mutual interference and greatly improving the stability and anti-interference capability of the control core.

[0050] This utility model also includes a protection circuit, specifically a current protection unit, used for the protection of the main motor and the feed motor, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown:

[0051] The main motor overcurrent protection uses a current transformer L1 to non-contactly collect the main motor circuit current. The induced current is rectified by diode D3 and forms a voltage signal on the sampling resistor R16. After being filtered by RC (R15, C13, C14), it is sent to the non-inverting input of comparator U11. The inverting input of comparator U11 is connected to a reference threshold set by the voltage divider of resistors (R20, R21). When the sampled voltage exceeds the threshold, the comparator output flips, driving optocoupler U7 to conduct and transmitting the overcurrent signal to pin 2 of microcontroller U5.

[0052] The overcurrent protection of the feed motor uses a sampling resistor R5 connected in series in the motor circuit to directly sample the current. The voltage drop across the resistor is sent to the non-inverting input of the comparator composed of operational amplifier U10 via resistor R6. The voltage drop is compared with the preset threshold at the inverting input. The result is also sent to the MCU after being isolated by optocoupler U7.

[0053] Once the microcontroller U5 detects an overcurrent signal, it immediately executes a protective action, stopping the corresponding motor. The advantage of this design is its rapid response and the fact that optocoupler isolation ensures electrical safety between the high-voltage power circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, fundamentally preventing motor burnout accidents caused by overload, jamming, or other abnormal conditions.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig control circuit, characterized in that, include: Microcontroller, angle detection unit, feed motor drive unit and power supply unit; The signal output terminal of the angle detection unit is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller, and is used to detect the rotation angle of the DC planetary gear motor and generate a corresponding feedback signal. The motor control output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the input terminal of the feed motor drive unit, and the output terminal of the feed motor drive unit is used to connect and control the start, stop and direction of the DC planetary geared motor. The microcontroller is configured to control the operation and retraction of the DC planetary geared motor through the feed motor drive unit based on the signal fed back by the angle detection unit, so as to achieve automatic control of the drilling depth. The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage for the microcontroller, angle detection unit, and feed motor drive unit.

2. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a magnetic base power supply unit, the input of which is connected to the mains power, and the output of which is used to power the magnetic base coil.

3. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a main motor control unit, which includes a relay. The control coil of the relay is connected to the main motor control output terminal of the microcontroller through a switching transistor, and the contacts of the relay are connected in series in the power supply circuit of the main motor.

4. The depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig control circuit according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The angle detection unit includes an angle sensor, and the signal output terminal of the angle sensor is connected to the analog-to-digital converter input terminal or a general-purpose input / output port of the microcontroller.

5. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a current protection unit, the input of which is coupled to the current circuit of the main motor and / or the feed motor, for collecting the motor operating current; The output of the current protection unit is connected to the protection signal input of the microcontroller; The microcontroller is also configured to determine whether the motor is overcurrent based on the signal output by the current protection unit, and to perform a protection action to stop the motor when overcurrent occurs.

6. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current protection unit includes a current sampling circuit, a signal comparison circuit, and an isolation output circuit; The current sampling circuit is used to acquire the current signal in the motor circuit. The input terminal of the signal comparison circuit is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling circuit, and is used to compare the current signal with a preset threshold. The input terminal of the isolation output circuit is connected to the output terminal of the signal comparison circuit, and the output terminal of the isolation output circuit constitutes the output terminal of the current protection unit.

7. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 6, characterized in that, The current sampling circuit is a sampling resistor connected in series in the motor circuit, or a current transformer coupled to the motor circuit.

8. The depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a position detection unit, which includes a position sensor, and the signal output terminal of the position sensor is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is also configured to control the DC planetary geared motor to immediately reverse and retract when the position sensor is triggered.

9. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a user input unit, which includes a feed gear adjustment knob and multiple function buttons; The output of the feed gear adjustment knob is connected to the analog-to-digital converter input of the microcontroller; The multiple function keys are connected to the microcontroller's general-purpose input / output ports in a matrix or independent circuit structure.

10. The control circuit for a depth-controllable automatic feed magnetic drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic base power supply unit includes a rectifier bridge, the AC input terminal of which is connected to the mains power, and the DC output terminal of which is used to power the magnetic base coil. The power supply unit is a DC / DC power conversion circuit. The input terminal of the power supply unit is connected to the mains power or the DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge. It is used to draw power from the mains power or the output of the rectifier bridge and convert it into stable low-voltage DC power to power the microcontroller and other low-voltage components.

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