Battery film preparation apparatus

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of battery film preparation device, including impression component, impression component includes moving platform, drive structure, liquid supplementing structure and liquid absorption sponge;Moving platform is set on drive structure;Liquid absorption sponge is set on moving platform, and liquid absorption sponge absorbs impression liquid containing solute and solvent;Liquid supplementing structure is used to supplement the impression liquid absorbed in liquid absorption sponge;Drive structure drives moving platform to move, to drive liquid absorption sponge compression in the position to be impressed;Wherein, drive structure controls the compression deformation variable of liquid absorption sponge on the position to be impressed by adjusting the moving stroke of liquid absorption sponge, to control the volume of impression liquid on the position to be impressed.The utility model solves the problem of non-synchronous crystallization caused by uneven liquid film laying on the surface of perovskite solar cell substrate in the prior art, which further leads to poor stability and low yield of solar cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell fabrication technology, and more specifically, to a battery thin film fabrication apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] The key to improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells lies in optimizing the quality of the thin film. Currently, the fabrication of perovskite solar cells can be divided into dry methods and solution methods. Among them, the dry method mainly includes vacuum thermal evaporation, while the solution method includes one-step and two-step methods.

[0003] Although the dry process can meet the needs of industrialization and is compatible with the fabrication of perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem solar cells, the organic salt, one of the active components of the perovskite thin film on the perovskite solar cell, is prone to decomposition under vacuum heating. The decomposition products can easily introduce defects into the perovskite active material. This results in the low reproducibility of perovskite cells fabricated by the current dry process and the lower cell performance compared to the solution method.

[0004] Due to inherent limitations in the slit coating process, thin film preparation involves simultaneous coating and crystallization, leading to inconsistent crystallinity and significant quality variations between areas within the same cell, resulting in low yield. Furthermore, the uniformity of films produced by slit coating is heavily influenced by substrate flatness, making it difficult to meet the demands of industrial production. Moreover, high-precision slit coating equipment for perovskite thin films is currently very expensive. For photovoltaic technology aiming for affordable power generation, low yield and high equipment costs weaken the competitiveness of perovskite solar cells.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgent to research and develop a battery thin film preparation device, which is of great significance for improving the uniformity of the film, increasing the production efficiency of the film, and thus improving the performance of solar cells. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention provides a battery thin film preparation apparatus to solve the problem of uneven liquid film laying on the surface of perovskite solar cell substrates in the prior art, which leads to asynchronous crystallization, resulting in poor solar cell stability and low yield.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a battery thin film preparation apparatus, comprising an imprinting assembly. The imprinting assembly includes a moving platform, a driving structure, a liquid replenishment structure, and an absorbent sponge. The moving platform is mounted on the driving structure. The absorbent sponge is mounted on the moving platform and absorbs imprinting liquid containing solute and solvent. The liquid replenishment structure replenishes the imprinting liquid absorbed by the absorbent sponge. The driving structure drives the moving platform to move, thereby compressing the absorbent sponge at the imprinting position. The driving structure controls the compression deformation of the absorbent sponge at the imprinting position by adjusting the stroke of the absorbent sponge, thereby controlling the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position.

[0008] Furthermore, the imprinting direction is the direction perpendicular to the surface where the imprinting position is located and pointing towards the imprinting position, and the detachment direction is the direction opposite to the imprinting direction; the absorbent sponge is set at one end of the moving platform along the imprinting direction, and the driving structure is used to drive the moving platform to move along the imprinting direction or the detachment direction, so as to drive the absorbent sponge to approach or move away from the imprinting position.

[0009] Furthermore, the battery thin film preparation apparatus also includes an auxiliary compression structure, which includes a driving unit and a compression member. The driving unit is disposed on a moving platform to move with the moving platform; the compression member is disposed on the driving unit, and at least a portion of the compression member is disposed within the liquid-absorbing sponge to divide the liquid-absorbing sponge into a first part and a second part. The first part is located between the compression member and the moving platform; wherein, during imprinting, the second part is located between the compression member and the position to be imprinted; when the driving unit drives the compression member to move in the disengagement direction, the first part is compressed, and the imprinting liquid in the first part enters the second part to replenish the imprinting liquid in the second part.

[0010] Furthermore, the drive unit includes a drive motor and a lead screw, with the lead screw connected to the drive motor; the drive motor is mounted on the moving platform and is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; the lead screw is rotatably mounted on the moving platform, and the compression component is mounted on the lead screw; the lead screw drives the compression component to move along the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by rotating.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive unit includes an electric telescopic rod; a compression member is disposed on the electric telescopic rod; the electric telescopic rod is disposed on a moving platform; wherein, the electric telescopic rod drives the compression member to move along the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by axial extension and retraction.

[0012] Furthermore, the projection of the compression component onto a plane parallel to the plane where the imprinting position is located, along the imprinting direction, is such that the projection of the compression component at least partially overlaps with the projection of the absorbent sponge; and / or, the compression component is a mesh structure with multiple mesh openings for the passage of the imprinting liquid; the mesh openings of the compression component are circular or square; when the mesh openings are circular, their diameter is 1–10 mm and their porosity is 20–90%; and / or, the material of the compression component is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, SUS304 stainless steel, and 316L stainless steel; and / or, the thickness of the compression component along the imprinting direction is 0.5–5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the compressor has a liquid flow channel inside, and the compressor also has multiple liquid replenishment holes that communicate with the liquid flow channel. At least a portion of the multiple liquid replenishment holes communicate with the first part or the second part. The liquid flow channel communicates with the liquid replenishment structure, and the liquid replenishment structure drives the imprinted liquid to flow along the liquid flow channel, replenishing the liquid-absorbing sponge through the liquid replenishment holes.

[0014] Furthermore, the compressor and the drive unit have a connected state and a disconnected state. When the compressor and the drive unit are in the connected state, the compressor moves together with the drive unit; when the compressor and the drive unit are in the disconnected state, the compressor and the drive unit are disconnected; and / or, the compressor is made of a mesh material; the compressor and the drive unit are detachably connected by bolts to switch between the connected state and the disconnected state; or, the connection end of the drive unit for connecting with the compressor is made of a permanent magnet material, and the connection point of the compressor for connecting with the drive unit is made of a variable magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the compressor and the drive unit are connected; the connection state or the disconnected state is switched by controlling the magnetism of the variable magnet material; or, the connection end of the drive unit for connecting with the compressor is made of a variable magnet material, and the connection point of the compressor for connecting with the drive unit is made of a permanent magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the compressor and the drive unit are connected; the connection state or the disconnected state is switched by controlling the magnetism of the variable magnet material.

[0015] Furthermore, the liquid replenishment structure includes a porous fixing plate and multiple liquid replenishment tubes; the porous fixing plate is disposed on the moving platform and has multiple fixing holes; the outlet end of the liquid replenishment tube is fixed in the fixing hole, and the outlet of the liquid replenishment tube is connected to the liquid-absorbing sponge; the multiple liquid replenishment tubes correspond one-to-one with at least a portion of the multiple fixing holes; the liquid replenishment tubes are used to circulate the imprinting liquid to replenish the liquid-absorbing sponge; the liquid replenishment structure also includes a lifting part, which is disposed on the moving platform and drivenly connected to the porous fixing plate, and the lifting part is used to drive the porous fixing plate to move up and down to compress or release the liquid-absorbing sponge.

[0016] Furthermore, the absorbent sponge has a cubic structure, which allows it to be used to fit the surface shape of the imprinted area to the surface shape of the film to be prepared; the porosity of the absorbent sponge is 30-98%, and the specific surface area is 2000-200000 cm². 2 / g; and / or, the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge parallel to the surface where the imprint is to be placed is rectangular or square. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge parallel to the surface where the imprint is to be placed is rectangular, the length of the rectangle ranges from 16.6 to 3000 cm, and the width ranges from 10.5 to 2000 cm. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge parallel to the surface where the imprint is to be placed is square, the side length of the square ranges from 5.25 to 210 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the imprinting location is situated on the surface of the substrate; the battery thin film preparation apparatus further includes an annealing assembly for annealing the substrate to form the imprinting liquid on the substrate into a molded film; and / or, the imprinting location is situated on the surface of the substrate; the battery thin film preparation apparatus further includes an anti-overflow assembly for preventing the imprinting liquid from overflowing from the imprinting location to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate during the imprinting process, the anti-overflow assembly being fitted to the sidewalls of the substrate; the anti-overflow assembly is a metal tray or uses an absorbent material; when the anti-overflow assembly is a metal tray, the top of the anti-overflow assembly is lower than or parallel to the surface where the imprinting location is located, and the distance between the top of the anti-overflow assembly and the surface where the imprinting location is located is within the range of 0 to 0.1 cm; when the anti-overflow assembly uses an absorbent material, the top of the anti-overflow assembly is higher than, parallel to, or lower than the surface where the imprinting location is located, and the distance between the top of the anti-overflow assembly and the surface where the imprinting location is located is within the range of -90 μm to 0.5 cm.

[0018] Applying the technical solution of this utility model, this utility model provides a battery thin film preparation apparatus, including an imprinting assembly. The imprinting assembly includes a moving platform, a driving structure, a liquid replenishment structure, and a liquid-absorbing sponge. The moving platform is disposed on the driving structure. The liquid-absorbing sponge is disposed on the moving platform and absorbs the imprinting liquid containing solute and solvent. The liquid replenishment structure is used to replenish the imprinting liquid absorbed by the liquid-absorbing sponge. The driving structure drives the moving platform to move, thereby driving the liquid-absorbing sponge to compress at the imprinting position. The driving structure controls the compression deformation of the liquid-absorbing sponge at the imprinting position by adjusting the movement stroke of the liquid-absorbing sponge, thereby controlling the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position.

[0019] This invention utilizes a moving platform, a driving structure, a liquid replenishment structure, and a liquid-absorbing sponge working in tandem. The driving structure can control the compression deformation of the liquid-absorbing sponge at the imprinting location by adjusting its travel, thus achieving precise control over the volume of the imprinting liquid. This results in high-precision imprinting of the thin film, ensuring simultaneous crystallization within the substrate size range and good film thickness uniformity, guaranteeing improved stability and yield of the solar cell. The liquid replenishment structure replenishes the imprinting liquid absorbed by the sponge, allowing for continuous imprinting and improving the efficiency of the battery film fabrication. The use of a liquid-absorbing sponge efficiently utilizes its excellent liquid absorption and retention capabilities, allowing for precise control of the liquid film thickness by adjusting the degree of compression. During the imprinting process, the sponge, soaked in imprinting liquid, is compressed, releasing the liquid evenly from the sponge to the imprinting location, forming a liquid film. This invention improves the crystallization quality of thin films by precisely controlling the liquid film laying and achieving synchronous crystallization, making it particularly suitable for perovskite thin films and other sensitive thin film materials. By setting a driving structure to compress the liquid-absorbing sponge, the thickness of the liquid film can be controlled. Compared to existing methods that use liquid dripping devices to drop liquid onto the substrate surface for thin film preparation, this invention achieves uniform film laying at the imprinting location through the imprinting of the liquid-absorbing sponge, effectively suppressing the coffee ring effect and significantly improving the uniformity and crystallization quality of the film. This invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problem of uneven liquid film laying on the surface of perovskite solar cell substrates leading to asynchronous crystallization, resulting in poor solar cell stability and low yield. This invention is not only applicable to the preparation of perovskite thin films but can also be extended to other types of thin film materials, such as hole transport layers and passivation layers, improving the flexibility and versatility of thin film preparation and making it suitable for large-scale application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the battery thin film preparation apparatus provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of the battery thin film preparation apparatus provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model is shown;

[0023] Figure 3A partial structural schematic diagram of the battery thin film preparation apparatus provided in Embodiment 3 of this utility model is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A partial structural schematic diagram of the battery thin film preparation apparatus provided in Embodiment 4 of this utility model is shown.

[0025] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0026] 10. Mobile platform;

[0027] 20. Drive structure;

[0028] 30. Liquid replenishment structure; 31. Perforated fixing plate; 32. Liquid replenishment tube; 33. Lifting unit;

[0029] 40. Absorbent sponge; 41. Part One; 42. Part Two;

[0030] 50. The position to be imprinted;

[0031] 60. Auxiliary compression structure; 61. Drive unit; 62. Compression component; 621. Liquid flow channel; 622. Liquid replenishment hole;

[0032] 70. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of this utility model provides a battery thin film preparation apparatus, including an imprinting assembly. The imprinting assembly includes a moving platform 10, a driving structure 20, a liquid replenishment structure 30, and an absorbent sponge 40. The moving platform 10 is disposed on the driving structure 20. The absorbent sponge 40 is disposed on the moving platform 10 and absorbs the imprinting liquid containing solute and solvent. The liquid replenishment structure 30 is used to replenish the imprinting liquid absorbed by the absorbent sponge 40. The driving structure 20 drives the moving platform 10 to move, thereby driving the absorbent sponge 40 to be compressed at the imprinting position 50. The driving structure 20 controls the compression deformation of the absorbent sponge 40 at the imprinting position 50 by adjusting the moving stroke of the absorbent sponge 40, thereby controlling the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position 50.

[0035] By setting up a moving platform 10, a driving structure 20, a liquid replenishment structure 30, and a liquid-absorbing sponge 40 to work together, the driving structure 20 can control the compression deformation of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 at the imprinting position 50 by adjusting the movement stroke of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40. This achieves precise control of the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position 50, thereby realizing high-precision imprinting of the thin film. This results in synchronous crystallization within the substrate size range of the subsequently formed thin film and good film thickness uniformity, providing a guarantee for improving the stability and yield of solar cells. By setting up a liquid replenishment structure 30, the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 can achieve high-precision imprinting of the thin film. This ensures that the subsequent formed thin film has good uniformity in thickness and provides a guarantee for improving the stability and yield of solar cells. The liquid structure 30 replenishes the imprinting liquid absorbed by the absorbent sponge 40, enabling continuous imprinting and thus improving the preparation efficiency of the battery film. This invention utilizes the absorbent sponge 40, which efficiently leverages its excellent liquid absorption and retention capabilities, allowing for precise control of the liquid film thickness by adjusting the degree of compression. During the imprinting process driven by the driving structure 20, the absorbent sponge 40, soaked in imprinting liquid, is compressed, and the imprinting liquid is uniformly released from the absorbent sponge 40 to the imprinting site. The liquid film is formed at position 50. This invention can improve the crystallinity of the thin film by precisely controlling the liquid film laying, and is particularly suitable for perovskite thin films and other sensitive thin film materials. By setting the driving structure 20 to squeeze the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, the thickness of the liquid film can be controlled. Compared with the existing method of preparing thin films by dripping liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70 using a liquid dripping device, this invention achieves uniform laying of the thin film at the imprinting position 50 through the imprinting of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, thereby effectively suppressing the coffee ring effect and significantly improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the thin film. This invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problem of asynchronous crystallization caused by uneven liquid film laying on the surface of the perovskite solar cell substrate 70 in the prior art, which leads to poor stability and low yield of solar cells. This invention is not only applicable to the preparation of perovskite thin films, but can also be extended to other types of thin film materials, such as hole transport layers, passivation layers and electron transport layers, which can improve the flexibility and versatility of thin film preparation and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0036] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the liquid replenishment structure 30 includes a liquid pipeline and a liquid pump. Imprinting liquid flows through the liquid pipeline, and the liquid pump drives the imprinting liquid in the liquid pipeline to flow in a directional manner.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the direction perpendicular to the surface of the position to be imprinted 50 and pointing towards the position to be imprinted 50 is the imprinting direction, and the direction opposite to the imprinting direction is the detachment direction; the absorbent sponge 40 is disposed at one end of the moving platform 10 along the imprinting direction, and the driving structure 20 is used to drive the moving platform 10 to move along the imprinting direction or the detachment direction, so as to drive the absorbent sponge 40 to approach or move away from the position to be imprinted 50.

[0038] By setting the position of the absorbent sponge 40 on the moving platform 10, it is ensured that the absorbent sponge 40 can accurately contact and detach from the imprinting position 50 during the imprinting and detachment processes, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the imprinting. Utilizing the directional movement of the drive structure 20, the contact between the absorbent sponge 40 and the substrate 70 can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving uniform release of the imprinting liquid. In terms of effectiveness, the above design ensures that the contact area and pressure between the absorbent sponge 40 and the substrate 70 remain consistent during the imprinting process, improving the uniformity of the film. In practical applications, the imprinting problem on substrates 70 of different shapes can also be solved by adjusting the movement trajectory of the moving platform 10.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the battery thin film preparation apparatus also includes an auxiliary compression structure 60, which includes a driving part 61 and a compression member 62. The driving part 61 is disposed on the moving platform 10 to move with the moving platform 10. The compression member 62 is disposed on the driving part 61, and at least a portion of the compression member 62 is disposed within the absorbent sponge 40 to divide the absorbent sponge 40 into a first part 41 and a second part 42. The first part 41 is located between the compression member 62 and the moving platform 10. During imprinting, the second part 42 is located between the compression member 62 and the imprinting position 50. When the driving part 61 drives the compression member 62 to move in the disengagement direction, the first part 41 is compressed, and the imprinting liquid in the first part 41 enters the second part 42 to replenish the imprinting liquid in the second part 42.

[0040] The auxiliary compression structure 60 ensures that the imprinting liquid inside the absorbent sponge 40 is replenished in a timely manner during the imprinting process, guaranteeing the continuity of the imprinting process. The movement of the drive unit 61 controls the degree of compression of the absorbent sponge 40 by the compression member 62, thereby replenishing the imprinting liquid. This design ensures that the imprinting liquid in the absorbent sponge 40 remains sufficient during the imprinting process, improving the quality and efficiency of film preparation. Furthermore, the auxiliary compression structure 60 prevents the absorbent sponge from reabsorbing the liquid film imprinted on the substrate 70 when it loses contact with the substrate 70. In practical applications, the shape and material of the compression member 62 can be changed to address the liquid replenishment problem under different imprinting requirements.

[0041] Specifically, the drive unit 61 includes a drive motor and a lead screw, with the lead screw connected to the drive motor; the drive motor is mounted on the moving platform 10 and is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; the lead screw is rotatably mounted on the moving platform 10, and the compression member 62 is mounted on the lead screw, with the lead screw driving the compression member 62 to move along the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by rotation.

[0042] The combination of a drive motor and a lead screw enables precise control of the compression component 62, improving the accuracy of film preparation. By driving the lead screw with the motor, the movement of the compression component 62 can be controlled, thereby compressing and releasing the absorbent sponge 40. This design ensures stable and precise movement of the compression component 62, improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the film. In practical applications, the control problem at different imprinting speeds can be solved by changing the power of the drive motor and the pitch of the lead screw.

[0043] Optionally, the drive unit 61 includes an electric telescopic rod; a compression member 62 is disposed on the electric telescopic rod; the electric telescopic rod is disposed on the moving platform 10; wherein the electric telescopic rod drives the compression member 62 to move in the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by axial extension and retraction.

[0044] By using an electric telescopic rod as the drive unit 61, the drive structure 20 is simplified, improving the portability and flexibility of the device. The axial extension and retraction of the electric telescopic rod directly controls the movement of the compression member 62, realizing the compression and release of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40. This configuration ensures that the movement of the compression member 62 is more direct and rapid during the imprinting process, improving the film preparation efficiency. In practical use, the control problem under different imprinting requirements can be solved by changing the stroke and speed of the electric telescopic rod.

[0045] Optionally, the projection of the compression member 62 onto a plane parallel to the plane where the imprinting position 50 is located is along the imprinting direction, and the projection of the compression member 62 coincides with the projection of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 in at least a portion; and / or, the compression member 62 is a mesh structure with multiple mesh openings for the passage of the imprinting liquid; the mesh openings of the compression member 62 are circular or square; when the mesh openings are circular, their diameter is 1 to 10 mm and their porosity is 20 to 90%; and / or, the material of the compression member 62 is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, SUS304 stainless steel, and 316L stainless steel; and / or, the thickness of the compression member 62 along the imprinting direction is 0.5 to 5 mm.

[0046] The mesh structure and porosity design of the compression component 62 ensures uniform release of the imprinting liquid, improving the uniformity of the film. By setting the shape and size of the mesh openings, the flow of the imprinting liquid can be controlled, thereby achieving uniform film deposition. This design ensures that the imprinting liquid is uniformly released onto the substrate 70 during the imprinting process, improving the crystallinity and uniformity of the film. In practical applications, the imprinting problem under imprinting liquids of different viscosities can also be solved by changing the shape and size of the mesh openings.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the compression component 62 has a liquid flow channel 621 inside, and the compression component 62 also has a plurality of liquid replenishment holes 622 communicating with the liquid flow channel 621. At least a portion of the plurality of liquid replenishment holes 622 is connected to the first part 41 or the second part 42. The liquid flow channel 621 is connected to the liquid replenishment structure 30, and the liquid replenishment structure 30 drives the imprint liquid to flow along the liquid flow channel 621, replenishing the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 through the liquid replenishment holes 622.

[0048] The liquid channel 621 and the replenishment hole 622 enable precise replenishment of the absorbent sponge 40, improving the film preparation efficiency. Driven by the replenishment structure 30, the imprinting liquid can be controlled to flow along the liquid channel 621, thereby replenishing the absorbent sponge 40. This configuration ensures that the imprinting liquid in the absorbent sponge 40 remains sufficient during the imprinting process, meeting the continuous production requirements of actual manufacturing and improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the film. In practical applications and designs, the shape and size of the liquid channel 621 can be modified to address liquid flow issues under different replenishment requirements.

[0049] Specifically, the compressor 62 and the drive unit 61 have a connected state and a disconnected state. When the compressor 62 and the drive unit 61 are in the connected state, the compressor 62 moves together with the drive unit 61. When the compressor 62 and the drive unit 61 are in the disconnected state, the compressor 62 is disconnected from the drive unit 61. And / or, the compressor 62 is made of a mesh material.

[0050] The design of the connection and disconnection states between the compression component 62 and the drive unit 61 enables flexible control of the compression component 62, improving the adaptability of the device. By controlling the connection state between the compression component 62 and the drive unit 61, the compression and release of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 can be achieved. This configuration ensures more flexible movement of the compression component 62 during the imprinting process, improving the film preparation efficiency. In practice, control problems under different working environments can also be solved by changing the connection method and connection strength between the compression component 62 and the drive unit 61.

[0051] It should be noted that, in one specific embodiment of this utility model, the mesh material used in the compression component 62 may include the following structures: 1. Stainless steel mesh: Stainless steel mesh is a corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and wear-resistant metal mesh, whose composition typically includes iron, carbon, chromium, and nickel; 2. Aluminum mesh: Aluminum mesh is a lightweight and corrosion-resistant metal mesh; 3. Copper mesh: Copper mesh has good thermal and electrical conductivity; 4. Galvanized steel wire mesh: Galvanized steel wire mesh has a layer of zinc plated on the surface of the steel wire to improve its corrosion resistance; 5. Nickel mesh: Nickel mesh has high corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance; 6. Titanium mesh: Titanium mesh has high strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance; 7. Iron-chromium-aluminum mesh: Iron-chromium-aluminum mesh has excellent high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance; By flexibly selecting different metal mesh materials, the specific application requirements can be met.

[0052] Optionally, the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 are detachably connected by bolts to switch between a connected state and a disconnected state; or, the connection end of the drive unit 61 for connecting with the compression member 62 is made of a permanent magnet material, and the connection point of the compression member 62 for connecting with the drive unit 61 is made of a variable magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the compression member 62 is connected to the drive unit 61; the connection state or disconnected state is switched by controlling the magnetism of the variable magnet material; or, the connection end of the drive unit 61 for connecting with the compression member 62 is made of a variable magnet material, and the connection point of the compression member 62 for connecting with the drive unit 61 is made of a permanent magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the connection state or disconnected state is switched by controlling the magnetism of the variable magnet material.

[0053] The bolted or magnetic connection design allows for flexible connection and disconnection between the compression component 62 and the drive unit 61, improving the maintainability and flexibility of the device. The bolted or magnetic connection allows for connection or disconnection between the compression component 62 and the drive unit 61 as needed, thereby controlling the movement of the compression component 62. This technical solution ensures more flexible movement of the compression component 62 during the imprinting process, improving film preparation efficiency. In practical applications, the connection method can be changed, such as using snap-fit ​​or pin connections, to solve connection problems in different working environments.

[0054] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the liquid replenishment structure 30 includes a porous fixing plate 31 and multiple liquid replenishment tubes 32; the porous fixing plate 31 is disposed on the moving platform 10 and has multiple fixing holes; the outlet end of the liquid replenishment tube 32 is fixed in the fixing hole, and the outlet of the liquid replenishment tube 32 is connected to the liquid-absorbing sponge 40; the multiple liquid replenishment tubes 32 correspond one-to-one with at least a portion of the multiple fixing holes; the liquid replenishment tubes 32 are used to circulate the imprinting liquid to replenish the liquid-absorbing sponge 40.

[0055] The porous fixing plate 31 and the replenishment tube 32 enable precise replenishment of the absorbent sponge 40, improving the film preparation efficiency. The flow through the replenishment tube 32 allows for control of the imprinting liquid replenishment, thus enabling continuous film preparation. This technical solution ensures that the imprinting liquid in the absorbent sponge 40 remains sufficient during the imprinting process, improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the film. In other embodiments, the replenishment problem under different replenishment requirements can be solved by changing the layout and number of the replenishment tubes 32.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the liquid replenishment structure 30 also includes a lifting part 33, which is mounted on the moving platform 10 and drivenly connected to the porous fixing plate 31. The lifting part 33 is used to drive the porous fixing plate 31 to move up and down to compress or release the liquid-absorbing sponge 40. By providing the lifting part 33, the porous fixing plate 31 can also compress the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, thereby achieving uniform release of the imprinting liquid.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the absorbent sponge 40 has a cubic structure. The absorbent sponge 40 is used to adapt the surface shape of the imprinting position 50 to the surface shape of the film to be prepared.

[0058] The cubic structure design of the absorbent sponge 40 ensures that the surface shape in contact with the imprinting location 50 matches the surface shape of the film, improving the film preparation accuracy. Through the shape design of the compressible absorbent sponge 40, the material design of the absorbent sponge, the control of solute concentration, and the selection of a solvent with appropriate viscosity, not only can the imprinting liquid be released synchronously and uniformly onto the substrate 70, thus achieving uniform film laying, but also precise control of the film thickness can be achieved, providing structural assurance for subsequent single-step imprinting. The above technical solution ensures that the surface shape of the film matches the surface shape of the imprinting location 50 during the imprinting process, improving the film's uniformity and crystallinity. In other embodiments, the imprinting problem under different film shapes can be solved by changing the shape of the absorbent sponge 40, such as using a cylindrical or elliptical structure.

[0059] Optionally, the porosity of the absorbent sponge 40 is 30-98%, and the specific surface area is 2000-200000 cm². 2 / g; and / or, the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge 40 parallel to the surface of the imprinting position 50 is rectangular or square. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge 40 parallel to the surface of the imprinting position 50 is rectangular, the length of the rectangle ranges from 16.6 to 3000 cm, and the width ranges from 10.5 to 2000 cm. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge 40 parallel to the surface of the imprinting position 50 is square, the side length of the square ranges from 5.25 to 210 cm.

[0060] The porosity and specific surface area design of the absorbent sponge 40 ensures its excellent liquid absorption and retention capabilities, improving the quality of the film preparation. By controlling the porosity and specific surface area of ​​the absorbent sponge 40, the absorption and release of the imprinting liquid can be controlled, thereby achieving uniform film deposition. The above technical solution ensures that the absorbent sponge 40 can uniformly release the imprinting liquid during the imprinting process, improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the film. In practical use and processing, the liquid absorption problem under different liquid properties can be solved by changing the material of the absorbent sponge 40, such as using polyurethane or polyester materials.

[0061] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the material of the absorbent sponge 40 is selected from at least one of wood fiber, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin, polyether, polyvinyl alcohol and polyester material; the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge 40 parallel to the surface of the imprinting position 50 is a square or rectangle with rounded corners and edges (for example, the shape is close to that of existing dishwashing sponges).

[0062] It is worth noting that in another specific embodiment of this utility model, the substrate 70 can adopt an existing silicon wafer structure, and its shape is a rectangle with inverted triangles at the four corners or a square with inverted triangles at the four corners; the substrate 70 required for a single perovskite cell is a glass substrate, and its shape is a standard rectangle with conventional non-inverted corners.

[0063] Specifically, the imprinting position 50 is located on the surface of the substrate 70; the battery thin film preparation apparatus also includes an annealing assembly for annealing the substrate 70 so that the imprinting liquid film on the substrate 70 becomes a shaped film.

[0064] The annealing assembly ensures that the imprinting liquid forms a high-quality molded film on the substrate 70, improving the film preparation quality. Annealing allows control of the crystallization process of the imprinting liquid on the substrate 70, thereby achieving high-quality film preparation. In actual production, the annealing control method can be modified, such as using infrared heating or electric heating, to address annealing control issues under different working environments. Alternatively, annealing can be performed by first purging with compressed gas and then thermal annealing.

[0065] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the imprinting position 50 is located on the surface of the substrate 70;

[0066] The battery thin film fabrication apparatus produces a perovskite active layer, with substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer and an electron transport layer; or, substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer and a hole transport layer; or, the fabricated thin film produced by the battery thin film fabrication apparatus produces a perovskite organic salt precursor layer, with substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, and a lead salt film; or, substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a lead salt film, and a cesium salt film; or, substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, a hole transport layer, and a lead salt film; or, substrate 70 being a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, a hole transport layer, a lead salt film, and a cesium salt film; the battery thin film fabrication apparatus also includes a vacuum evaporation component, which is used for vacuum thermal evaporation deposition to form a lead salt film or vacuum thermal evaporation deposition to form a lead salt and a cesium salt film; or, the fabricated thin film produced by the battery thin film fabrication apparatus is a cesium salt film, which is used to prepare perovskite. The active layer is formed by a substrate 70, which is a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, and a lead salt film; or, the substrate 70 is a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, a hole transport layer, and a lead salt film; or, the molded film prepared by the battery thin film preparation device forms a hole transport layer, and the substrate 70 is a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, and a perovskite active layer or a substrate layer; or, the substrate 70 is a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite active layer, and a passivation layer or a stacked structure comprising a substrate layer and a passivation layer; or, the molded film prepared by the battery thin film preparation device forms a passivation layer, and the substrate 70 is a first stacked structure comprising a substrate layer and an electron transport layer; or, the substrate 70 is a second stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, an electron transport layer, and a perovskite active layer; or, the substrate 70 is a third stacked structure comprising a substrate layer and a hole transport layer; or, the substrate 70 is a fourth stacked structure comprising a substrate layer, a hole transport layer, and a perovskite active layer; or a substrate layer.

[0067] like Figure 3As shown, the imprinting position 50 is located on the surface of the substrate 70; the battery thin film preparation apparatus also includes an anti-overflow component, which is used to prevent imprinting liquid from overflowing from the imprinting position 50 to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate 70 during the imprinting process. The anti-overflow component is attached to the sidewalls of the substrate 70; the anti-overflow component is a metal tray or uses a liquid-absorbing material; when the anti-overflow component is a metal tray, the top of the anti-overflow component is lower than or parallel to the surface where the imprinting position 50 is located, and the distance between the top of the anti-overflow component and the surface where the imprinting position 50 is located is within the range of 0 to 0.1 cm; when the anti-overflow component uses a liquid-absorbing material, the top of the anti-overflow component is higher than, parallel to, or lower than the surface where the imprinting position 50 is located, and the distance between the top of the anti-overflow component and the surface where the imprinting position 50 is located is within the range of -90 μm to 0.5 cm (the negative sign represents lower than).

[0068] The anti-overflow component effectively prevents the imprinting liquid from overflowing during the imprinting process, improving the quality of film preparation, preventing backside contamination of the substrate, and avoiding increased costs associated with cleaning backside contaminants. The adherence of the anti-overflow component allows control over the flow range of the imprinting liquid on the substrate 70, thereby achieving high-quality film preparation. This technical solution ensures that the imprinting liquid does not overflow to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate 70 during the imprinting process, improving the uniformity and crystallinity of the film. In practical applications, the anti-overflow problem can be addressed by changing the material and shape of the anti-overflow component, such as using sponge, plastic, or rubber materials, to solve the overflow problem in different working environments.

[0069] The working process and principle of a specific embodiment of this utility model will now be described in detail as follows:

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the drive unit 61 includes a threaded screw. Using a threaded screw as the drive unit 61 enables more precise vertical motion control, improves the adjustment accuracy of the liquid film thickness, and thus helps enhance the uniformity and crystallization quality of the film, optimizing the repeatability and efficiency of the film preparation process.

[0071] To ensure that the compression member 62 has sufficient strength, and to further promote the uniform flow of liquid out of the absorbent sponge 40 and suppress the coffee ring effect, the thickness of the compression member 62 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 are in a connected state and a disconnected state. When the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 are in the connected state, the compression member 62 can move together with the drive unit 61. The controllable connection between the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 enables their synchronous movement, which is beneficial for uniform liquid film laying, improving film quality, enhancing the adaptability of the equipment, and increasing the stability of the preparation process.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the compression member 62 is a sheet material with a mesh structure, and the compression member 62 is fixedly connected to the drive unit 61 by bolts. The bolted combination of the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 enables a stable connection between the two, which is beneficial for precise control of liquid release, ensuring the uniformity and efficiency of film preparation, simplifying maintenance, and reducing costs; moreover, when the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 are fixedly connected by bolts, it is particularly suitable for single-machine film preparation.

[0074] In another preferred embodiment, the end of the drive unit 61 furthest from the moving platform 10 is made of a permanent magnet material, the compression member 62 is a sheet material with a mesh structure, and the contact portion between the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 is made of a soft magnetic material. During the imprinting process, a third control component is used to electromagnetically control the compression member 62 to keep the drive unit 61 and the compression member 62 connected. When the compression member 62 and the drive unit 61 are connected by electromagnetic control, it is particularly suitable for the mass production of thin films and facilitates the replacement of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, thereby improving the flexibility and production efficiency of thin film preparation.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent sponge 40 has a porosity of 30-98% and a specific surface area of ​​2000-200000 cm². 2 / g. The inclusion of a liquid-absorbing sponge 40 with high porosity and specific surface area enhances the uniformity of liquid absorption and release, thereby improving the crystallization quality and uniformity of the film.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 has a rectangular or square cross-section parallel to the moving platform 10; preferably, it is a rectangle with a length of 16.6–3000 cm and a width of 10.5–2000 cm, or a square with a side length of 5.25–2000 cm. The specific size and parallel arrangement of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 facilitates expanding the effective area for liquid film deposition, improving the crystallinity and uniformity of the film, thereby enhancing the feasibility and efficiency of large-area film fabrication, and ultimately improving the electrochemical performance, stability, and lifespan of the tandem solar cell.

[0077] To further enhance the uniformity of liquid absorption and release, and improve the crystallization quality and uniformity of the film, preferably, the material of the absorbent sponge 40 includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the group consisting of wood fiber, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin, polyether, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyester.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the thin film is a perovskite active layer, and the substrate 70 is a stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / or substrate layer / hole transport layer / . The thin film preparation system provided in this application is applicable to perovskite active layers. Using the above-mentioned thin film preparation system, the perovskite precursor can be uniformly and synchronously deposited onto the substrate, achieving synchronous crystallization of the perovskite active layer thin film across the entire substrate size scale, thereby improving battery performance and yield. Furthermore, through the shape design of the compressible absorbent sponge 40, the material design of the absorbent sponge, the control of solute concentration, and the selection of a solvent with appropriate viscosity, the solution can be uniformly imprinted and deposited onto the substrate. After annealing, a thin film of uniform thickness is generated, further improving battery performance and yield.

[0079] In another preferred embodiment, the thin film is a perovskite organic salt precursor layer, and the substrate 70 is a stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / lead salt thin film, or a stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / lead salt and cesium salt thin film, or a stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer / lead salt thin film, or a stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer / lead salt and cesium salt thin film; the preparation system also includes a vacuum evaporation device, which is used for vacuum thermal evaporation deposition to form lead salt thin film or vacuum thermal evaporation co-deposition to form lead salt and cesium salt thin film.

[0080] The thin film preparation system provided in this application is applicable to the preparation of perovskite active layers in solar cells. The vacuum evaporation device enables the preparation of lead salt thin films and lead salt and cesium salt thin films, allowing the organic salt solution to react simultaneously with the perovskite active material. Compared to using a liquid dropper to drip liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70 or using a slot coating device to coat liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70, this application achieves uniform liquid film deposition on the substrate 70 through surface contact between the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 and the surface of the substrate 70. This effectively suppresses the coffee ring effect and significantly improves the uniformity and crystal quality of the thin film. Furthermore, after the imprinting process is completed, keeping the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 in a compressed state when removing the imprinting device prevents the liquid film deposited on the surface of the substrate 70 from being drawn back into the liquid-absorbing sponge 40. The perovskite active layer prepared using the preparation system provided in this application has better uniformity and higher crystallinity. Its application in single-junction perovskite solar cells or tandem solar cells is beneficial to improving their electrochemical performance, stability and yield. At the same time, it can avoid the use of additional vacuum equipment for evaporating organic salts, thereby significantly reducing production costs and increasing mass production capacity.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the thin film is a cesium salt thin film, which is used to prepare a perovskite active layer. The substrate 70 is a stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / lead salt thin film, or a stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer / lead salt thin film.

[0082] Compared to using a liquid dropper to drop liquid onto the surface of substrate 70 or using a slit coating device to coat liquid onto the surface of substrate 70, the cesium salt film prepared using the preparation system provided in this application has better uniformity. Applying it to single-cell perovskite solar cells or tandem solar cells is beneficial to improving their electrochemical performance, stability and yield.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the thin film is a hole transport layer, and the substrate 70 is a stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / perovskite active layer or a substrate layer.

[0084] Compared to solution methods (such as using a liquid dropper to drop liquid onto the surface of substrate 70, or using a slit coating device to coat liquid onto the surface of substrate 70), the hole transport layer prepared by the above-mentioned preparation system provided in this application has better uniformity and higher hole transport efficiency. Applying it to single-cell perovskite solar cells or tandem solar cells is beneficial to improving their electrochemical performance and yield.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the thin film is a passivation layer, and the substrate 70 is a first stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer, or a second stacked structure of substrate layer / electron transport layer / perovskite active layer, or a third stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer, or a fourth stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer / perovskite active layer.

[0086] Compared to traditional solution methods (such as using a liquid dropper to drop liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70, or using a slot coating device for coating, or using a spin coating device for spin coating), the passivation layer prepared by the above-mentioned preparation system provided in this application has better uniformity, which is conducive to better exerting the passivation effect of the passivation layer, thereby improving the electrochemical performance and stability of single-cell perovskite solar cells or tandem solar cells.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the thin film is an electron transport layer, and the substrate 70 is a stacked structure of substrate layer / hole transport layer / perovskite active layer or a substrate layer.

[0088] Compared to solution methods (such as using a liquid dropper to drop liquid onto the surface of substrate 70, or using a slit coating device to coat liquid onto the surface of substrate 70), the electron transport layer prepared by the above-mentioned preparation system provided in this application has better uniformity and higher electron transport efficiency. Applying it to single-cell perovskite solar cells or tandem solar cells is beneficial to improving their electrochemical performance and yield.

[0089] During the process of applying liquid to the surface of the substrate 70 by squeezing the absorbent sponge 40, excess liquid may overflow to the sidewalls or even the bottom of the substrate 70 (i.e., the other side surface of the substrate 70). In a preferred embodiment, the film preparation system provided in this application further includes an anti-overflow component to prevent liquid from overflowing from the side surface of the substrate 70 near the liquid film on its surface to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate 70 during the imprinting process. The anti-overflow component is fitted to the sidewalls of the substrate 70.

[0090] To further suppress liquid overflow to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate 70 membrane layer, preferably, the anti-overflow component is a metal tray or its material is an absorbent material.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment, the anti-overflow component is a metal tray, and the top of the anti-overflow component is lower than or parallel to the surface of the substrate 70 near the liquid film. Preferably, the distance between the top of the anti-overflow component and the surface of the substrate 70 near the liquid film is 0 to 0.1 cm. Alternatively, the anti-overflow component is made of absorbent material, and the top of the anti-overflow component is higher than, parallel to, or lower than the surface of the substrate 70 near the liquid film. Taking the surface of the substrate 70 near the liquid film as a reference plane, the top height of the anti-overflow component is preferably -90 μm to 0.5 cm. It should be noted that a negative height indicates that the top of the anti-overflow component is lower than the imprinting position 50. Setting the positional relationship between the anti-overflow component and the film layer of the substrate 70 within the above range is beneficial to further suppress liquid overflow to the sidewalls and bottom of the film layer of the substrate 70.

[0092] In the film preparation system provided in this application, the moving platform 10 serves as a carrier, on which a driving structure 20 is mounted. The absorbent sponge 40 has excellent liquid absorption and retention capabilities and can be pre-soaked in a liquid containing solute and solvent, ensuring that the interior of the absorbent sponge 40 is filled with the liquid to be imprinted (e.g., without the replenishment structure 30). The driving structure 20 moves the entire imprinting device between the liquid absorption position and the imprinting position, enabling pre-soaking of the absorbent sponge 40 and surface contact and detachment from the substrate 70. It also controls the degree of compression on the absorbent sponge 40, thereby precisely controlling the thickness of the liquid film. During the movement of the driving structure 20 towards the imprinting position, the liquid-soaked absorbent sponge 40 is compressed, and the liquid is uniformly released from the absorbent sponge 40 onto the surface of the substrate 70, forming a liquid film. The first control component enables precise control of the driving structure 20 and the auxiliary compression structure 60, ensuring automation and accuracy throughout the entire laying process.

[0093] The beneficial technical effects of the above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model are as follows:

[0094] 1. By compressing the absorbent sponge 40 using the auxiliary compression structure 60, the thickness of the liquid film can be controlled. Compared to using a liquid dripping device to drop liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70, the liquid film is laid out through surface contact between the absorbent sponge 40 and the surface of the substrate 70, achieving uniform distribution of the liquid film on the substrate 70. This effectively suppresses the coffee ring effect and significantly improves the uniformity and crystallization quality of the film. Furthermore, after the imprinting process is completed, keeping the absorbent sponge 40 in a compressed state when removing the imprinting device prevents the liquid film laid on the surface of the substrate 70 from being drawn back into the absorbent sponge 40.

[0095] 2. This system is not only applicable to the preparation of perovskite thin films, but can also be extended to other types of thin film materials, such as hole transport layers, passivation layers, and electron transport layers, thus improving the system's flexibility and versatility.

[0096] 3. High-quality thin films can greatly improve the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, reduce defects, improve the stability and yield of solar cells, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the cells.

[0097] 4. Compared with high-precision slit coating equipment, the preparation system provided in this application has a simpler structure and reduces the waste of expensive raw materials during operation, thereby reducing production costs and promoting the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

[0098] In summary, this invention provides a battery thin film fabrication apparatus. By configuring a moving platform 10, a driving structure 20, a liquid replenishment structure 30, and a liquid-absorbing sponge 40 to work in coordination, the driving structure 20 can control the compression deformation of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 at the imprinting position 50 by adjusting the travel of the sponge. This achieves precise control over the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position 50, thereby realizing high-precision imprinting of the thin film. This results in simultaneous crystallization within the substrate size range of the subsequently formed thin film and good film thickness uniformity, thus improving the performance of solar cells. The stability and yield rate are guaranteed; by setting the liquid replenishment structure 30 to replenish the imprinting liquid absorbed in the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, the liquid-absorbing sponge 40 can continuously imprint, thereby improving the preparation efficiency of the battery film; by using the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, this utility model makes efficient use of its good liquid absorption and retention capabilities, and can precisely control the thickness of the formed liquid film by controlling the degree of compression of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40; during the imprinting process driven by the driving structure 20, the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, which is soaked in imprinting liquid, is squeezed, and the imprinting liquid is evenly released from the liquid-absorbing sponge 40. The liquid film is released from the sponge 40 to the imprinting position 50, forming a liquid film. This invention can improve the crystallization quality of the thin film by precisely controlling the laying of the liquid film, and is particularly suitable for perovskite thin films and other sensitive thin film materials. By setting the driving structure 20 to squeeze the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, the thickness of the liquid film can be controlled. Compared with the existing method of preparing thin films by dripping liquid onto the surface of the substrate 70 using a liquid dripping device, this invention achieves uniform laying of the thin film at the imprinting position 50 through the imprinting of the liquid-absorbing sponge 40, thereby effectively suppressing the coffee ring effect and significantly improving the uniformity and crystallization quality of the thin film. This invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problem of asynchronous crystallization caused by uneven liquid film laying on the surface of the perovskite solar cell substrate 70 in the prior art, which leads to poor stability and low yield of solar cells. This invention is not only applicable to the preparation of perovskite thin films, but can also be extended to other types of thin film materials, such as hole transport layers, passivation layers and electron transport layers, which can improve the flexibility and versatility of thin film preparation and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0099] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0100] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0101] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0102] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself.

[0103] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0104] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0105] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery thin film preparation apparatus, characterized in that, The device includes an imprinting assembly, which comprises a moving platform (10), a driving structure (20), a liquid replenishment structure (30), and an absorbent sponge (40). The moving platform (10) is disposed on the driving structure (20). The absorbent sponge (40) is disposed on the moving platform (10) and absorbs an imprinting liquid containing a solute and a solvent. The liquid replenishment structure (30) is used to replenish the imprinting liquid absorbed by the absorbent sponge (40). The driving structure (20) drives the moving platform (10) to move, thereby driving the absorbent sponge (40) to compress onto the imprinting position (50). The driving structure (20) controls the compression deformation of the absorbent sponge (40) at the imprinting position (50) by adjusting the movement stroke of the absorbent sponge (40), thereby controlling the volume of the imprinting liquid at the imprinting position (50).

2. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imprinting direction is perpendicular to the surface of the imprinting position (50) and points towards the imprinting position (50), and the detachment direction is opposite to the imprinting direction; the absorbent sponge (40) is disposed at one end of the moving platform (10) along the imprinting direction, and the driving structure (20) is used to drive the moving platform (10) to move along the imprinting direction or the detachment direction, so as to drive the absorbent sponge (40) to move closer to or away from the imprinting position (50).

3. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery thin film preparation apparatus further includes an auxiliary compression structure (60), which includes a driving part (61) and a compression member (62). The driving part (61) is disposed on the moving platform (10) to move with the moving platform (10). The compression member (62) is disposed on the driving part (61), and at least a portion of the compression member (62) is disposed within the absorbent sponge (40) to divide the absorbent sponge (40) into a first part (41) and a second part (42). The first part (41) is located between the compression member (62) and the moving platform (10); wherein, during imprinting, the second part (42) is located between the compression member (62) and the imprinting position (50); when the driving unit (61) drives the compression member (62) to move along the disengagement direction, the first part (41) is compressed, and the imprinting liquid in the first part (41) enters the second part (42) to replenish the imprinting liquid in the second part (42).

4. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive unit (61) includes a drive motor and a lead screw, the lead screw being connected to the drive motor; the drive motor is mounted on the moving platform (10) and is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; the lead screw is rotatably mounted on the moving platform (10), the compression member (62) is mounted on the lead screw, and the lead screw drives the compression member (62) to move along the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by rotation.

5. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive unit (61) includes an electric telescopic rod; the compression member (62) is disposed on the electric telescopic rod; the electric telescopic rod is disposed on the moving platform (10); wherein the electric telescopic rod drives the compression member (62) to move along the disengagement direction or the imprinting direction by axial extension and retraction.

6. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The projection of the compression member (62) onto a plane parallel to the plane of the imprinting position (50) is made along the imprinting direction, and the projection of the compression member (62) coincides with the projection of the absorbent sponge (40) in at least a portion; and / or, the compression member (62) is a mesh structure with multiple mesh holes for the passage of the imprinting liquid; the mesh holes of the compression member (62) are circular or square; when the mesh holes are circular, their diameter is 1 to 10 mm and their porosity is 20 to 90%; and / or, the material of the compression member (62) is selected from at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, SUS304 stainless steel, and 316L stainless steel; and / or, the thickness of the compression member (62) along the imprinting direction is 0.5 to 5 mm.

7. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compression member (62) has a liquid flow channel (621) inside, and the compression member (62) also has a plurality of replenishment holes (622) communicating with the liquid flow channel (621). At least a portion of the plurality of replenishment holes (622) is connected to the first part (41) or the second part (42). The liquid flow channel (621) is connected to the replenishment structure (30), and the replenishment structure (30) drives the imprint liquid to flow along the liquid flow channel (621) and replenish the liquid-absorbing sponge (40) through the replenishment holes (622).

8. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compression member (62) and the drive unit (61) have a connected state and a disconnected state. When the compression member (62) and the drive unit (61) are in the connected state, the compression member (62) moves together with the drive unit (61); when the compression member (62) and the drive unit (61) are in the disconnected state, the compression member (62) is disconnected from the drive unit (61); and / or, the compression member (62) is made of a mesh material. The compression member (62) and the drive unit (61) are detachably connected by bolts to switch between the connected state and the disconnected state; or, the connection end of the drive unit (61) for connecting with the compression member (62) is made of a magnetic permanent magnet material, and the connection point of the compression member (62) for connecting with the drive unit (61) is made of a variable magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the compression member (62) is connected to the drive unit (61); the magnetism of the variable magnet material is controlled to switch between the connected state and the disconnected state; or, the connection end of the drive unit (61) for connecting with the compression member (62) is made of a magnetic variable magnet material, and the connection point of the compression member (62) for connecting with the drive unit (61) is made of a permanent magnet material. When the variable magnet material has a magnetism opposite to that of the permanent magnet material, the compression member (62) is connected to the drive unit (61); the magnetism of the variable magnet material is controlled to switch between the connected state and the disconnected state.

9. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid replenishment structure (30) includes a porous fixing plate (31) and multiple liquid replenishment tubes (32); the porous fixing plate (31) is disposed on the moving platform (10) and has multiple fixing holes; the outlet end of the liquid replenishment tube (32) is fixed in the fixing hole, and the outlet of the liquid replenishment tube (32) is connected to the liquid-absorbing sponge (40); the multiple liquid replenishment tubes (32) correspond one-to-one with at least a portion of the multiple fixing holes; the liquid replenishment tubes (32) are used to circulate the imprinting liquid to replenish the liquid-absorbing sponge (40); The liquid replenishment structure (30) also includes a lifting part (33), which is disposed on the moving platform (10) and drivenly connected to the porous fixing plate (31). The lifting part (33) is used to drive the porous fixing plate (31) to move up and down to compress or release the liquid-absorbing sponge (40).

10. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorbent sponge (40) has a cubic structure and is used to adapt the surface shape of the imprinting position (50) to the surface shape of the film to be prepared. The absorbent sponge (40) has a porosity of 30-98% and a specific surface area of ​​2000-200000 cm². 2 / g; and / or, the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge (40) parallel to the surface of the imprinting position (50) is rectangular or square. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge (40) parallel to the surface of the imprinting position (50) is rectangular, the length of the rectangle is in the range of 16.6 to 3000 cm and the width is in the range of 10.5 to 2000 cm. When the cross-sectional shape of the absorbent sponge (40) parallel to the surface of the imprinting position (50) is square, the side length of the square is in the range of 5.25 to 210 cm.

11. The battery thin film preparation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imprinting position (50) is located on the surface of the substrate (70); the battery film preparation apparatus further includes an annealing assembly for annealing the substrate (70) to form an imprinting liquid on the substrate (70) into a molded film; and / or, the imprinting position (50) is located on the surface of the substrate (70); the battery film preparation apparatus further includes an anti-overflow assembly for preventing the imprinting liquid from overflowing from the imprinting position (50) to the sidewalls and bottom of the substrate (70) during the imprinting process, the anti-overflow assembly being attached to the substrate. The sidewall of the substrate (70) is provided; the anti-overflow component is a metal tray or uses a liquid-absorbing material; when the anti-overflow component is a metal tray, the top of the anti-overflow component is lower than or parallel to the surface of the position to be imprinted (50), and the distance between them is in the range of 0 to 0.1 cm; when the anti-overflow component uses a liquid-absorbing material, the top of the anti-overflow component is higher than, parallel to, or lower than the surface of the position to be imprinted (50), and the distance between the top of the anti-overflow component and the surface of the position to be imprinted (50) is in the range of -90 μm to 0.5 cm.

Images