Detachable solar charging device and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to new energy vehicle technical field especially, more particularly to detachable solar charging device and electric vehicle, the utility model provides detachable solar charging device, is applied to electric vehicle, and electric vehicle includes car and battery group, detachable solar charging device includes photovoltaic support, photovoltaic module and controller, and photovoltaic support is detachably connected with the car, photovoltaic module is detachably arranged at the top of photovoltaic support, and photovoltaic module is located directly above the car, and forms the storage space between photovoltaic module and the car, the controller is electrically connected with photovoltaic module and battery group, is used for controlling photovoltaic module and charges the battery group, the utility model provides detachable solar charging device can realize quick dismounting with the car body, can reduce the space occupation when transporting, and further improve the convenience of transportation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and in particular to a detachable solar charging device and an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of environmental protection concepts and the transformation of energy structure, electric vehicles, especially low-speed electric tricycles and four-wheelers, have been widely used in urban delivery, rural transportation, and tourism. However, the range and charging convenience of electric vehicles have always been key bottlenecks restricting their further promotion. Traditional electric vehicles rely entirely on the power grid for charging. In remote areas, rural mountainous areas, and islands where charging infrastructure is inadequate, the charging problem severely limits the application scope of electric vehicles.

[0003] To address the charging problem of electric vehicles, engineers have attempted to apply solar power generation technology to them. For example, Chinese patent document CN214607919U discloses a solar charging device for an electric tricycle. This device fixes solar panels to the top of the tricycle by welding, enabling solar power to charge the vehicle's battery. However, existing solar charging devices generally suffer from the following technical drawbacks: They all employ an integrated, fixed installation method, with the solar panels permanently connected to the vehicle body via welding, bolts, or other methods, becoming an integral part of the vehicle. This integrated installation method prevents the solar panels from being removed from the vehicle body, increasing the overall height and dimensions of the vehicle and severely impacting its transport convenience. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention provides a detachable solar charging device and an electric vehicle. The detachable solar charging device can be quickly attached and detached from the vehicle body, reducing space occupation during transportation and thus improving transportation convenience.

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a detachable solar charging device for use in electric vehicles. The electric vehicle includes a passenger compartment and a battery pack. The detachable solar charging device includes: a photovoltaic bracket, which is detachably connected to the passenger compartment; a photovoltaic module, which is detachably mounted on the top of the photovoltaic bracket and is located directly above the passenger compartment, forming a storage space between the photovoltaic module and the passenger compartment; and a controller, which is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module and the battery pack and is used to control the photovoltaic module to charge the battery pack.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the carriage includes a backrest panel adjacent to the driver's seat and side panels located on both sides of the carriage. The photovoltaic support includes: two support structures detachably connected to the two side panels respectively; and a transverse fixing rod connected to the backrest panel via a first fastener, with the two ends of the transverse fixing rod respectively connected to the two support structures.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the support structure includes: a crossbeam connected to the side plate by a second fastener; and two vertical beams, the bottom of which are connected to the crossbeam, and the top of which are connected to the photovoltaic module.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the top of the vertical beam is provided with a slot, the photovoltaic support also includes a frame, the bottom of the frame is provided with a post, the post is inserted into the slot and connected by a third fastener; wherein, the photovoltaic panel is set on the frame.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the crossbeam has a first groove along its extension direction, and at least a portion of the side plate is engaged within the first groove.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the end of the photovoltaic module facing the driver's seat extends above the driver's seat and forms a first shading portion; and / or, the end of the photovoltaic module away from the driver's seat extends to the rear of the vehicle compartment and forms a second shading portion.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the transverse fixing rod is provided with a second groove along its own extension direction, and at least a portion of the back panel is engaged in the second groove.

[0012] In one possible implementation, a hollow channel for accommodating wire harnesses is provided inside the vertical beam, and a wire-passing hole communicating with the hollow channel is provided on the side wall of the vertical beam.

[0013] Secondly, this utility model embodiment provides an electric vehicle, including: a vehicle body, including a driver's seat, a passenger compartment and a battery pack; the aforementioned detachable solar charging device is disposed on the passenger compartment.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the photovoltaic support for the detachable solar charging device is equipped with a retractable canvas shading structure.

[0015] The technical solution provided by this utility model embodiment has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0016] The detachable solar charging device provided in this embodiment of the invention uses a detachable mechanical connection to the vehicle body, rather than the welding fixation method of existing technology. The photovoltaic modules are installed on the photovoltaic bracket via a detachable connection, and the entire device can be completely removed when needed. When bulk transportation of vehicles is required, the manufacturer can remove the entire solar charging device, restoring the vehicle to its standard external dimensions. Actual tests show that after removing the solar device, the vehicle height can be reduced by 50-70 cm, allowing for longitudinal stacking and transport of up to 36 vehicles that could originally only be loaded flat, instead of just 6-10. Furthermore, this detachable photovoltaic charging device can be packaged in a single unit only 15 cm thick, allowing it to be shipped with the vehicle, significantly improving the loading efficiency and economy of bulk transportation.

[0017] Furthermore, by designing the photovoltaic modules directly above the cargo compartment, they function as the compartment's roof wall, providing effective top enclosure for the open cargo bed. The photovoltaic brackets support the modules at an appropriate height above the cargo bed, covering the entire opening and forming a closed roof structure. The space between the photovoltaic modules and the cargo bed extends the interior storage space upwards. Compared to existing designs where the cargo bed is completely open or requires an additional cover, this invention provides top protection for the cargo inside, preventing rainwater from directly wetting it. Simultaneously, the effective volume of the cargo bed is extended upwards by 15-25 centimeters, increasing cargo capacity by 20-30%. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of an electric vehicle with a detachable solar charging device provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the electric vehicle shown.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the electric vehicle from another angle;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of an electric vehicle provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of point A;

[0026] Figure 6 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a vertical beam provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a structure for connecting a crossbeam and a side plate, provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between a horizontal fixing rod and a backrest plate, provided for an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1. Carriage; 11. Backrest panel; 12. Side panel;

[0031] 2. Photovoltaic support frame; 21. Support frame structure; 211. Crossbeam; 2111. First groove; 212. Vertical beam; 2121. Hollow channel; 2122. Wiring hole; 213. Slot; 22. Horizontal fixing rod; 221. Second groove; 23. First fastener; 24. Second fastener; 25. Third fastener; 26. Frame; 261. Insert post;

[0032] 3. Photovoltaic module; 31. First shading part; 32. Second shading part;

[0033] 4. Storage space; 5. Controller; 6. Driver's seat. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0035] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0036] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative position or movement of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "front," "back," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a positional flip, orientation change, or change of motion, these directional indications will change accordingly. For instance, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a detachable solar charging device for use in electric vehicles. The electric vehicle includes a vehicle body 1 and a battery pack. The detachable solar charging device includes a photovoltaic bracket 2, a photovoltaic module 3, and a controller 5, wherein:

[0038] The photovoltaic bracket 2 is detachably connected to the carriage 1.

[0039] The photovoltaic module 3 is detachably mounted on the top of the photovoltaic bracket 2. The photovoltaic module 3 is located directly above the carriage 1, and a storage space 4 is formed between the photovoltaic module 3 and the carriage 1.

[0040] The controller 5 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module 3 and the battery pack, and is used to control the photovoltaic module 3 to charge the battery pack. Specifically, the battery pack is located in the storage compartment below the driver's seat 6.

[0041] In this invention, the photovoltaic bracket 2 is connected to the vehicle compartment 1 via a detachable mechanical connection, rather than the welding fixation method of existing technology; the photovoltaic module 3 is installed on the photovoltaic bracket 2 via a detachable connection, and the entire device can be completely removed when needed. When bulk transportation of vehicles is required, the merchant can remove the entire solar charging device, restoring the vehicle to its standard external dimensions. Actual tests show that after removing the solar device, the vehicle height can be reduced by 50-70 cm, allowing for longitudinal stacking and transport of up to 36 vehicles that could originally only be loaded flat, instead of just 6-10. Furthermore, this detachable photovoltaic charging device can be packaged in a single unit only 15 cm thick using a detachable packaging design, allowing it to be shipped with the vehicle, significantly improving the loading efficiency and economy of bulk transportation.

[0042] Furthermore, by designing the photovoltaic module 3 directly above the cargo compartment 1, it functions as the top wall of the cargo compartment 1, providing effective top enclosure for the open cargo bed. The photovoltaic bracket 2 supports the photovoltaic module 3 at an appropriate height above the cargo compartment 1, with the photovoltaic module 3 covering the entire opening of the cargo compartment 1, forming a closed top structure for the cargo compartment 1; the space formed between the photovoltaic module 3 and the cargo compartment 1 becomes an upward extension of the internal storage space 4 of the cargo compartment 1. Compared to existing designs where the cargo compartment 1 is completely open or requires an additional cover, this invention provides top protection for the goods inside the cargo compartment 1, preventing rainwater from directly wetting the goods, while simultaneously extending the effective volume of the cargo compartment 1 upward by 15-25 cm, increasing cargo capacity by 20-30%.

[0043] Specifically, this design integrates solar power generation with vehicle charging, while creatively creating storage space 4 between the photovoltaic module 3 and the vehicle compartment 1. The working principle of this technology is as follows: the photovoltaic module 3 is detachably installed above the vehicle compartment 1 via a photovoltaic bracket 2, maintaining a certain height distance to form effective storage space 4; the controller 5 regulates the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module 3 to charge the battery pack, enabling the vehicle to autonomously replenish its energy. This design fully utilizes the vehicle's roof space for solar power generation while creating additional storage space 4, improving the vehicle's space utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the minimum height of the photovoltaic bracket extending to the driver's cabin is 185 cm, which is taller than most Chinese people, significantly reducing the risk of head injuries during driving and improving driving safety.

[0044] The charging device provided by this invention can design a 0.2-0.5C fast charging solution for customers based on their battery type, capacity, and local lighting conditions. While ensuring system safety and long battery life, it allows users to quickly fully charge their batteries within limited sunlight hours or rapidly replenish them while the vehicle is in motion. The controller automatically reduces the charging current as the battery approaches full charge and automatically stops charging when the battery is fully charged, ensuring charging safety.

[0045] The controller is implemented using a microcontroller-based hardware control circuit, including existing electronic components such as the STM32F103 microcontroller chip, LM2596 voltage regulator chip, INA219 current sensing chip, and IRF540N power MOSFET. The microcontroller chip has pre-installed control programs based on existing MPPT and PWM control algorithms. The controller's innovation lies in integrating these hardware components into a dedicated control device for vehicle-mounted solar charging. It connects to photovoltaic modules and battery packs through standardized electrical interfaces, enabling automatic control of solar power generation and battery charging management.

[0046] In some embodiments, the vehicle compartment 1 includes a backrest panel 11 adjacent to the driver's seat and side panels 12 located on both sides of the vehicle compartment 1. The photovoltaic bracket 2 includes: two bracket structures 21, which are detachably connected to the two side panels 12 respectively; and a transverse fixing rod 22, which is connected to the backrest panel 11 by a first fastener 23. The two ends of the transverse fixing rod 22 are respectively connected to the two bracket structures 21.

[0047] In this invention, a photovoltaic bracket 2 comprising two support structures 21 and a transverse fixing rod 22 is designed to achieve a stable three-point support connection. This technical solution is based on the principle of triangular stability. The two support structures 21 are connected to the side panels 12 on both sides of the carriage 1, respectively, and the transverse fixing rod 22 is connected to the backrest panel 11 adjacent to the driver's seat, forming a stable triangular support structure. Compared to traditional two-point or four-point connections, this three-point support method has superior mechanical properties: the three points define a plane, naturally possessing stability and avoiding over-constraint problems; simultaneously, the load is distributed to different positions of the carriage 1 through the three connection points, avoiding local stress concentration and protecting the vehicle structure.

[0048] Specifically, the two support structures 21 are detachably connected to the two side plates 12, providing the main load-bearing support for the photovoltaic bracket 2. These two connection points bear the main weight and vertical load of the photovoltaic module 3. The transverse fixing rod 22 is connected to the backrest plate 11 through the first fastener 23, mainly undertaking the functions of anti-overturning and anti-torsion, preventing the photovoltaic bracket 2 from swaying back and forth or twisting left and right during vehicle operation. The two ends of the transverse fixing rod 22 are respectively connected to the two support structures 21, forming the skeleton structure of the entire photovoltaic bracket 2, connecting the two independent support structures 21 into a whole, which greatly improves the overall rigidity and stability of the system. The use of the first fastener 23 makes the connection between the transverse fixing rod 22 and the backrest plate 11 both firm and reliable and easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0049] In some embodiments, the support structure 21 includes: a crossbeam 211 connected to the side plate 12 by a second fastener 24; and two vertical beams 212, the bottom of which is connected to the crossbeam 211, and the top of which is connected to the photovoltaic module 3.

[0050] In this invention, an optimized force distribution and stable load-bearing capacity are achieved by designing a support structure 21 comprising a crossbeam 211 and two vertical beams 212. The working principle of this technical solution is based on force analysis in structural mechanics: the crossbeam 211, as the main load-bearing component, is connected to the side plate 12 via a second fastener 24, primarily bearing the vertical load from the photovoltaic module 3; the two vertical beams 212 extend upwards from the bottom of the crossbeam 211, providing a stable support platform for the photovoltaic module 3 while maintaining appropriate spacing to ensure the installation accuracy of the photovoltaic module 3. This structural design makes the force transmission path clear and explicit: the weight of the photovoltaic module 3 is transmitted to the crossbeam 211 via the two vertical beams 212, then from the crossbeam 211 to the side plate 12 of the carriage 1, and finally to the vehicle body structure.

[0051] Specifically, the connection between the crossbeam 211 and the side plate 12 via the second fastener 24 ensures both a secure connection and detachability. The second fastener 24 can be a hose clamp, bolt connection, or quick-connect device, with the appropriate connection method selected based on specific application requirements. The bottom of the two vertical beams 212 is rigidly connected to the crossbeam 211 to ensure effective force transmission. The height design of the vertical beams 212 needs to consider the installation height of the photovoltaic module 3, the storage space requirements 4, and pedestrian safety during vehicle traffic. The connection between the top of the two vertical beams 212 and the photovoltaic module 3 provides a stable support platform for the photovoltaic module 3. The spacing between the vertical beams 212 needs to match the dimensions of the photovoltaic module 3 to ensure reliable connection and accurate installation.

[0052] In some embodiments, the top of the vertical beam 212 is provided with a slot 213, and the photovoltaic bracket 2 also includes a frame 26. The bottom of the frame 26 is provided with a post 261, which is inserted into the slot 213 and connected by a third fastener 25; wherein, the photovoltaic module 3 is disposed on the frame 26.

[0053] In this invention, a slot 213 is provided at the top of the vertical beam 212, and a post 261 is provided at the bottom of the photovoltaic module 3 frame 26, achieving a precise insertion connection between the post 261 and the slot 213, which is then secured with a third fastener 25. The working principle of this technical solution is based on precise positioning through mechanical cooperation: the geometric dimensions of the post 261 and the slot 213 are precisely matched, allowing for accurate positioning when the post 261 is inserted into the slot 213, eliminating positional errors during installation; the insertion provides initial positioning and support, while the third fastener 25 provides the final tightening force, forming a dual-protection connection. This connection method ensures both the accuracy of the photovoltaic module 3 installation position and the robustness of the connection, while also facilitating disassembly and maintenance.

[0054] Specifically, the slot 213 at the top of the vertical beam 212 provides a precise positioning reference for the photovoltaic module 3. The size and position of the slot 213 are precisely calculated to ensure a perfect match with the installation requirements of the photovoltaic module 3 frame 26. The frame 26 serves as the supporting structure for the photovoltaic module 3 and also as the interface component connecting to the bracket. The insertion post 261 at the bottom of the frame 26 forms a mating relationship with the slot 213 at the top of the vertical beam 212. The geometry and size of the insertion post 261 perfectly match the slot 213, ensuring accurate insertion. After the insertion post 261 is inserted into the slot 213, it is finally fixed by the third fastener 25. The third fastener 25 can be a bolt, a quick-release locking device, or other suitable fastening method, ensuring both a strong connection and easy disassembly and assembly. The photovoltaic module 3 is mounted on the frame 26, forming an integrated photovoltaic module 3 with the frame 26.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, in the application scenario of an electric tricycle for urban delivery, the photovoltaic module 3 needs to remain stable in narrow alleys and complex traffic environments. The slot 213 at the top of the vertical beam 212 adopts a square design with dimensions of 40×40×1.2 mm, providing a precise positioning reference. The insert 261 at the bottom of the photovoltaic module 3 frame 26 perfectly matches the slot 213. The insert 261 adopts a slightly smaller size design than the slot 213 (e.g., 36×36×1 mm) to ensure a 2 mm fitting gap, which allows for smooth insertion and precise positioning. The photovoltaic panel has dimensions of 1961×1132 mm and a power of 525 watts, and is manufactured as an integral part of the aluminum alloy frame 26 and the insert 261. When the vehicle frequently starts, stops, and turns on urban roads, the mating connection of the insert 261 and slot 213 can effectively transmit loads in all directions. The third fastener 25 (M8 bolt) provides a preload of 800 Newtons to ensure the reliability of the connection under various working conditions. The installation process takes only 5 minutes, and disassembly takes only 2 minutes, greatly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the connection method of the plug 261 slot 213 with the addition of the third fastener 25 perfectly solves the above problems: the precise fit of the plug 261 slot 213 provides a reliable positioning reference, eliminates installation position errors, and ensures the optimal installation angle of the photovoltaic module 3; the plug-in fit disperses the connection load, avoids stress concentration, and improves the reliability of the connection; the plug-in operation is simple and quick, greatly shortening the installation and disassembly time and improving maintenance efficiency; the standardized plug 261 slot 213 design has good versatility and can be adapted to photovoltaic modules 3 of different specifications; the dual-fixing design concept ensures both precise positioning and a firm connection, meeting all the technical requirements of the detachable solar charging device.

[0057] As an optional embodiment of this utility model, the photovoltaic module can adopt a stacked structure, specifically including:

[0058] The photovoltaic module includes a base photovoltaic panel and at least one layer of deployable photovoltaic panels, specifically three layers of deployable photovoltaic panels, stacked beneath the base photovoltaic panel. The base photovoltaic panel is fixedly mounted on a photovoltaic support frame, serving as the main body of the photovoltaic module. The deployable photovoltaic panels are connected to the base photovoltaic panel via hinges or sliding rail mechanisms, allowing them to be pulled outwards from the sides and rear of the vehicle.

[0059] The unfolding photovoltaic panels are equipped with guide rails, sliders, and locking devices, allowing them to unfold smoothly to the left and right sides and rear of the vehicle. In the folded state, the unfolded photovoltaic panels are stacked below the base photovoltaic panels, with an overall size slightly smaller than the base panels. In the unfolded state, the unfolded photovoltaic panels extend to the sides and rear, significantly increasing the total power generation area of ​​the photovoltaic modules.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the base photovoltaic panel measures 2384 × 1303 mm and has a power output of 705 watts. Two layers of deployable photovoltaic panels and a rear photovoltaic panel are installed, each layer measuring 1722 × 1134 mm and having a power output of 440 watts. The deployable photovoltaic panels can extend 1134 mm to the left and right sides of the vehicle compartment, respectively. The rear photovoltaic panel measures 1290 × 1134 mm, thus expanding the total area of ​​the photovoltaic modules from 2.7 square meters to 8.1 square meters and increasing the total power output from 705 watts to 1885 watts.

[0061] In some embodiments, the crossbeam 211 is provided with a first groove 2111 along its own extension direction, and at least a portion of the side plate 12 is engaged in the first groove 2111.

[0062] In this invention, by providing a first groove 2111 along the extending direction of the crossbeam 211, at least a portion of the side plate 12 can be snapped into the first groove 2111, thus achieving a quick snap-fit ​​connection between the bracket structure 21 and the side plate 12 of the carriage 1. The geometry of the first groove 2111 matches the contour of the side plate 12. When the crossbeam 211 contacts the side plate 12, the side plate 12 can naturally embed into the first groove 2111, forming a mechanical constraint. The snap-fit ​​connection provides initial positioning and pre-tightening force, which, together with the second fastener 24, achieves a final secure connection. This snap-fit ​​design not only simplifies the installation process but also improves the reliability of the connection, especially effectively preventing the bracket from loosening and falling off during vehicle operation.

[0063] Specifically, the first groove 2111 is positioned along the extension direction of the crossbeam 211, meaning that the length of the groove covers the entire contact area between the crossbeam 211 and the side plate 12, ensuring sufficient engagement area. At least a portion of the side plate 12 engages within the first groove 2111. Here, "at least a portion" means that the edge portion or specific protrusion of the side plate 12 can be embedded in the groove, forming an effective mechanical constraint. The depth and width design of the first groove 2111 needs to consider the geometric features and material properties of the side plate 12, ensuring sufficient engagement depth to provide stable constraint while avoiding excessive depth that would lead to installation difficulties. The advantage of the snap-fit ​​connection is that it can provide constraint in multiple directions, especially effectively resisting lateral and longitudinal slippage, improving the overall stability of the connection.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, in the application scenario of electric four-wheeled freight vehicles in mountainous areas, the vehicles frequently travel on steep slopes and curves, requiring extremely high reliability of the support connection. The top of the side panel 12 of the cargo box 1 typically has an outwardly folded edge structure with a thickness of approximately 2-3 mm. The first groove 2111 provided on the crossbeam 211 is 4 mm wide, 8 mm deep, and 150 mm long, capable of fully accommodating the folded edge of the side panel 12. When the crossbeam 211 is installed in place, the edge of the side panel 12 naturally embeds into the first groove 2111, forming a circumferential enveloping constraint of approximately 270 degrees. Under the longitudinal loads borne by the vehicle when climbing slopes, the lateral loads borne when cornering, and the impact loads generated by bumpy roads, the snap-fit ​​connection can effectively distribute the load and prevent the load from concentrating on individual bolts. Actual tests show that the connection method with the snap-fit ​​structure improves the anti-slip capability by 60% and the anti-loosening capability by 40% compared to a pure bolt connection.

[0065] In related technologies, traditional methods of connecting brackets to vehicle bodies mainly employ planar contact bolt connections or clamping connections. These connection methods have several key drawbacks: First, the constraint capacity of planar connections is limited, relying mainly on friction and bolt clamping force, which can easily lead to slippage under dynamic loads; second, the installation process requires precise alignment, making installation difficult and inefficient; third, the connection strength mainly depends on the preload of the bolts, and loose bolts will directly lead to connection failure; finally, these connection methods have high requirements for the vehicle body structure, poor adaptability, and are difficult to adapt to the structural differences of different vehicle models.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the snap-fit ​​design of the first groove 2111 brings significant technical advantages: the snap-fit ​​connection provides mechanical constraints, which can still provide basic connection strength even if the bolts are slightly loose, greatly improving safety; the snap-fit ​​process has a self-guiding function, and the crossbeam 211 naturally aligns with the side plate 12 during installation, simplifying the installation operation and improving installation efficiency; the load is transferred through the snap-fit ​​area distribution, avoiding stress concentration and improving the fatigue life of the connection; the design of the first groove 2111 can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the side plate 12 of different vehicle models, and has good adaptability; the use of the snap-fit ​​connection in conjunction with the second fastener 24 forms a multi-protection connection method, which has both mechanical constraints and friction constraints, greatly improving the reliability of the connection.

[0067] Preferably, the first fastener 23 and the second fastener 24 in this invention are hose clamps, used to bind and fix the transverse fixing rod, the backrest plate, the crossbeam, and the side plate. The third fastener is a bolt, used to lock and fix the inserted post and slot.

[0068] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 3 extends above the driver's seat at one end and forms a first shading portion 31; and / or, the photovoltaic module 3 extends to the rear of the vehicle compartment 1 at the other end away from the driver's seat and forms a second shading portion 32.

[0069] In this invention, by designing the photovoltaic module 3 to extend above the driver's seat at one end to form a first shading part 31, and / or to extend away from the driver's seat at the other end to form a second shading part 32 behind the vehicle compartment 1, an integrated design of solar power generation and environmental protection is achieved. The working principle of this technical solution is based on the reasonable expansion of the area of ​​the photovoltaic module 3 and the effective integration of its functions: while meeting power generation requirements, the photovoltaic module 3, through appropriate size expansion, provides shading protection for key areas of the vehicle; the first shading part 31 mainly addresses the sunshade needs of the driver's seat, and the second shading part 32 mainly addresses the rain protection needs of the vehicle compartment 1. The two shading parts can be set individually or simultaneously, flexibly configured according to specific application requirements.

[0070] Specifically, the photovoltaic module 3 extends above the driver's seat, forming a first shading part 31. Its main function is to provide sun protection for the driver, reducing the interference of strong sunlight on the driver's vision and improving driving safety. The extension length of the first shading part 31 needs to comprehensively consider the sun-shading effect and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 3, and is typically 300-700 mm. The photovoltaic module 3 extends to the rear of the cargo compartment 1, forming a second shading part 32. Its main function is to provide rain protection for the cargo in the cargo compartment 1, preventing rainwater from damaging the goods. The extension length of the second shading part 32 is determined according to the length of the cargo compartment 1 and the protection requirements, and is typically 200-400 mm.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, in the application scenario of electric tricycles transporting agricultural products in tropical regions, strong sunlight and frequent showers significantly impact driving and cargo transportation. The photovoltaic module 3 has basic dimensions of 1961 × 1132 mm. It extends 261 mm towards the driver's seat to form a first shading portion 31, and extends 200 mm away from the driver's seat to form a second shading portion 32. The first shading portion 31 provides effective overhead sun protection for the driver, blocking over 80% of direct sunlight at midday, significantly improving the driving environment and reducing driver fatigue. The second shading portion 32 provides rain protection for a 200 mm × 1132 mm area at the rear of the cargo compartment 1, effectively preventing rainwater from directly wetting the cargo in moderate rain. This enhances both protective functions and power generation capacity.

[0072] In related technologies, electric vehicles typically require separate sunshade and rain protection devices to protect the driver's seat and cargo area. This separate design has significant drawbacks: First, it requires multiple independent devices, increasing cost and weight; second, the installation and maintenance of multiple devices are complex and occupy a large amount of vehicle space; third, the lack of unified planning between the devices easily leads to mutual interference, affecting the overall aesthetics; finally, the separate devices operate independently, failing to form a synergistic effect and resulting in limited overall protection. Existing solar panel installation schemes usually only consider the power generation function, neglecting the need for shading and protection, and failing to fully utilize the multifunctional potential of the solar panel area.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, a technological breakthrough in multi-functional integration is achieved through the extended design of the photovoltaic module 3: the design of the first shading part 31 and the second shading part 32 integrates three functions—solar power generation, driver's seat sunshade, and cargo area rain protection—into one system, greatly simplifying vehicle configuration; the extended design increases protection while also enhancing power generation capacity, achieving positive superposition of functions; the integrated design ensures overall coordination and aesthetics, avoiding interference between multiple sets of equipment; the flexible configuration method (through "and / or" design) allows users to select appropriate configurations according to specific needs, improving product adaptability; the integrated design reduces overall cost, improves space utilization efficiency, and provides users with better cost performance.

[0074] In some embodiments, the transverse fixing rod 22 is provided with a second groove 221 along its own extension direction, and at least a portion of the backrest plate 11 is engaged in the second groove 221.

[0075] In this invention, by providing a second groove 221 along the extending direction of the transverse fixing rod 22, at least a portion of the backrest panel 11 can be engaged within the second groove 221, thus achieving a stable engagement connection between the transverse fixing rod 22 and the backrest panel 11 of the carriage 1. The working principle of this technical solution is similar to that of the first groove 2111, but it is applied to different connection points: the second groove 221 matches the geometric features of the backrest panel 11. When the transverse fixing rod 22 contacts the backrest panel 11, the edge or protruding portion of the backrest panel 11 is embedded in the second groove 221, forming a mechanical constraint. This engagement connection, in conjunction with the first fastener 23, provides a stable and reliable fixing point for the transverse fixing rod 22, preventing the photovoltaic bracket 2 from swinging back and forth and twisting left and right during vehicle operation. Together with the first groove and the side plate, it forms a comprehensive horizontal fixation of the photovoltaic bracket.

[0076] Specifically, the second groove 221, provided along the extension direction of the transverse fixing rod 22, covers the main contact area between the transverse fixing rod 22 and the backrest panel 11, ensuring sufficient engagement area. The backrest panel 11 is typically the partition structure between the passenger compartment 1 and the driver's seat, possessing a certain height and thickness, and its top or edge structure can form an effective engagement with the second groove 221. At least a portion of the backrest panel 11 is engaged within the second groove 221. This engagement method primarily provides constraint on the transverse fixing rod 22 in the front-back and vertical directions, preventing displacement of the transverse fixing rod 22 in these directions. The design of the second groove 221 needs to consider the structural characteristics and stress requirements of the backrest panel 11, ensuring sufficient engagement depth while avoiding damage to the structure of the backrest panel 11.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, in the application scenario of electric tricycles for express delivery, the vehicle needs to frequently start, brake, and steer, placing high demands on the stability of the lateral fixing rod 22. The backrest 11 of mainstream tricycle brands typically uses a welded steel plate structure with a folded edge reinforcing rib at the top, a thickness of approximately 3 mm, and a height of approximately 700 mm from the bottom iron plate of the vehicle body. The lateral fixing rod 22 is made of a 40*40 mm diameter square tube, with a second groove 221 in the area contacting the backrest 11. The groove is 5 mm wide, 10 mm deep, and 200 mm long. When the lateral fixing rod 22 is installed in place, the folded edge reinforcing rib of the backrest 11 embeds into the second groove 221, forming a reliable mechanical constraint. Under conditions of frequent vehicle start-stop, the lateral fixing rod 22 bears the inertial load from the photovoltaic module 3. The snap-fit ​​connection of the second groove 221 effectively resists these loads, and together with the first fastener 23 (U-shaped clamp), provides a clamping force of 600 Newtons, ensuring the reliability of the connection. Actual measurements show that the displacement of the photovoltaic bracket 2 is controlled within 2 mm during emergency braking, which is far below the safety threshold of 5 mm.

[0078] In related technologies, the connection between the lateral support structure and the vehicle body typically employs simple clamping or bolting methods. These methods are prone to problems under rapidly changing dynamic loads. Traditional clamping connections rely primarily on friction, which can easily slip when the clamping force is insufficient or under impact loads. While bolting connections offer better reliability, they require drilling holes in the backrest plate 11, which can damage the vehicle body structure, and installation is complex. Furthermore, existing connection methods lack effective anti-loosening measures, making them susceptible to loosening and failure under long-term vibration loads.

[0079] In this embodiment of the invention, the snap-fit ​​design of the second groove 221 provides an innovative solution for the connection of the transverse fixing rod 22: the snap-fit ​​connection provides mechanical constraint, does not rely on friction, and significantly improves connection reliability; there is no need to drill holes in the backrest panel 11, avoiding damage to the vehicle body structure and maintaining the integrity of the vehicle body; the snap-fit ​​connection has self-locking characteristics, and even if the first fastener 23 is slightly loose, the mechanical constraint can still provide basic constraint force; the installation process is simple and quick, and the transverse fixing rod 22 can automatically align with the position of the backrest panel 11, improving installation efficiency; the design of the second groove 221 is consistent with the first groove 2111, reflecting the unity of the entire product design and the standardization of manufacturing; the use of the snap-fit ​​connection in conjunction with the first fastener 23 forms a double-protection connection method, greatly improving the safety and reliability of the connection.

[0080] In some embodiments, the vertical beam 212 is provided with a hollow channel 2121 for accommodating wire harnesses, and the side wall of the vertical beam 212 is provided with a wire-passing hole 2122 communicating with the hollow channel 2121.

[0081] In this invention, a hollow channel 2121 for accommodating the cable harness is provided within the vertical beam 212, and a through-hole 2122 communicating with the hollow channel 2121 is provided on the side wall of the vertical beam 212, thus achieving concealed wiring and effective protection of the cable harness. The working principle of this technical solution is based on an integrated design of structure and function: while providing mechanical support, the hollow channel 2121 within the vertical beam 212 provides a protective passage for the cable harness; the through-hole 2122 provides an interface for the cable harness to enter and exit, enabling connection between the cable harness and external electrical equipment. This design protects the cable harness from environmental corrosion, maintains the aesthetics of the overall structure, and facilitates the installation and maintenance of the cable harness.

[0082] Specifically, the hollow channel 2121 within the vertical beam 212 is an internal cavity formed during the manufacturing process of the vertical beam 212. The cross-sectional dimensions of the channel need to be determined based on the specifications and quantity of the wire harness, ensuring that the wire harness can pass through smoothly while avoiding an excessively large cavity that could affect the structural strength of the vertical beam 212. The design to accommodate the wire harness means that the hollow channel 2121 is not only the path for the wire harness but also its protective space, with the wire harness fully protected by the walls of the vertical beam 212 within the channel. The wire-passing holes 2122 on the side walls of the vertical beam 212 communicate with the hollow channel 2121, providing an entry and exit interface for the wire harness. The position and size of the wire-passing holes 2122 need to be determined based on the routing and connection requirements of the wire harness. The wire-passing holes 2122 are typically fitted with protective sleeves or sealing rings to prevent moisture and dust from entering the hollow channel 2121.

[0083] In a specific embodiment, in the application scenario of electric sightseeing vehicles operating in coastal areas, the high humidity and salt spray environment places extremely high demands on the protection of electrical wiring harnesses. The photovoltaic module 3 has an output power of 525 watts and an output voltage of 40 volts, requiring a 4 square millimeter DC cable to connect to the controller 5. The vertical beam 212 is made of a 30×30×3 mm square tube, with an internal hollow channel 2121 measuring 40×40 mm, capable of accommodating two 4 square millimeter cables plus a control signal line. A 20 mm diameter cable hole 2122 is located on the bottom side of the vertical beam 212, equipped with a rubber sealing ring to prevent seawater infiltration. The cables are fully protected within the hollow channel 2121 by the aluminum alloy vertical beam 212, avoiding ultraviolet radiation, seawater corrosion, and mechanical damage. Even during typhoon weather, with wind speeds reaching level 15 and the photovoltaic support 2 subjected to severe vibrations, the cables remain safely concealed inside the vertical beam 212, avoiding the risk of breakage that could occur with exposed cables. During maintenance, the cable condition can be easily checked or damaged cables can be replaced through the cable hole 2122, improving maintenance efficiency by 50% compared to exposed wiring.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the concealed cabling design completely solves the above-mentioned problems: the hollow channel 2121 provides all-round protection for the wire harness, and the cable is completely hidden inside the vertical beam 212, protected from the erosion of various environmental factors, greatly extending the service life of the wire harness; the cable hidden inside the vertical beam 212 will not be subject to external mechanical damage, significantly improving safety; the concealed cabling maintains the simplicity and aesthetics of the support structure 21, without messy exposed cables affecting the visual effect; the design of the cable hole 2122 makes the installation and replacement of the wire harness simple and quick, greatly improving maintenance efficiency; the structural strength of the vertical beam 212 is not significantly reduced due to the setting of the hollow channel 2121, and can still meet the load-bearing requirements through reasonable cross-sectional design; the concealed cabling avoids the use of external cabling accessories (such as cable ties, cable trays, etc.), reducing system cost and maintenance cost.

[0085] This utility model embodiment provides an electric vehicle, including: a vehicle body, including a driver's seat 6, a passenger compartment 1 and a battery pack; the aforementioned detachable solar charging device is installed on the passenger compartment 1.

[0086] In this invention, a detachable solar charging device is installed on the passenger compartment 1 of an electric vehicle, achieving a perfect integration of a solar power generation system and an electric vehicle. The working principle of this technical solution is based on the organic combination of clean energy and transportation: the electric vehicle provides a mobile platform and an energy storage system, while the detachable solar charging device provides the ability to acquire and convert renewable energy; the vehicle body, including the driver's seat 6, passenger compartment 1, and battery pack, provides the installation foundation and energy receiving object for the solar charging device; this integrated design allows the vehicle to be charged using solar energy while driving or parked, achieving energy self-sufficiency and greatly expanding the application scope and economic efficiency of electric vehicles.

[0087] Specifically, the vehicle body serves as the carrier of the entire system. The driver's seat 6 provides an operating platform for the operator, the cargo compartment 1 provides installation space for the solar charging device and cargo carrying function, and the battery pack provides power to the vehicle and receives solar charging. The detachable solar charging device is located on the cargo compartment 1, meaning that all components of the solar system are installed in the cargo compartment 1 area. This layout makes full use of the space resources of the cargo compartment 1 and avoids interference with the driver's seat area. The detachable solar charging device includes a photovoltaic bracket 2, photovoltaic modules 3, and a controller 5. These components work together to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the vehicle's battery pack. This layout on the cargo compartment 1 integrates the solar system with the vehicle, forming a unified energy solution.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the integration of an electric vehicle with a detachable solar charging device brings revolutionary improvements: the vehicle gains mobile clean energy supply capabilities, enabling it to charge anywhere with sunlight, eliminating dependence on fixed charging facilities; solar charging significantly reduces the vehicle's operating costs, and in areas with abundant sunshine, solar energy can provide 100-200% of daily electricity needs, increasing the tricycle's range; as a completely clean and renewable energy source, solar energy further reduces the vehicle's carbon emissions throughout its entire lifecycle; the detachable design ensures that the solar system does not affect the vehicle's normal function and flexibility, and can be quickly removed when needed; the integrated design achieves a deep integration of transportation and energy systems, representing the future direction of green transportation development; this integrated solution is particularly suitable for rural areas, mountainous regions, islands, and other areas with inadequate charging facilities but abundant sunshine resources, and has enormous application potential.

[0089] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic support 2 of the detachable solar charging device is provided with a retractable canvas shading structure.

[0090] In this invention, a retractable canvas covering structure is installed on the side of the carriage 1, achieving flexible protection of the side of the carriage 1 and forming a comprehensive protection system with the solar photovoltaic module 3 on the top. The working principle of this technical solution is based on the retractable design of flexible materials: the canvas, as a lightweight and flexible covering material, can provide effective wind and rain protection; the retractable design allows the canvas to be unfolded or folded up as needed, without affecting the normal operation of the vehicle and providing effective protection when needed; the combination of side coverings and top coverings provides three-dimensional protection for the goods and equipment inside the carriage 1, greatly improving the vehicle's all-weather operation capability.

[0091] Specifically, the retractable canvas cover structure on the side of the carriage 1 is an independent protective system. The canvas material is typically made of waterproof and UV-resistant special materials, possessing excellent weather resistance and mechanical strength. The retractable design means that the canvas has two states: when unfolded, the canvas covers the side of the carriage 1, providing wind and rain protection; when retracted, the canvas is folded or rolled up, without affecting the normal use of the carriage 1 or the vehicle's maneuverability. The canvas cover structure typically includes components such as the canvas body, support frame 26, storage mechanism, and fixing devices. These components work together to achieve reliable deployment, stable support, and convenient storage of the canvas.

[0092] In this embodiment of the invention, the canvas material is lightweight and soft, does not significantly increase the vehicle's weight, and is inexpensive. The retractable design balances protective effect and ease of operation; it can be quickly unfolded when protection is needed and quickly retracted when loading and unloading, making operation simple and efficient. The canvas's flexibility allows it to adapt to goods of different shapes and sizes, providing excellent protection. Its coordinated use with the top solar photovoltaic module 3 forms a complete three-dimensional protection system, providing comprehensive protection. The retractable design avoids the impact of a fixed protective structure on the vehicle's appearance and maneuverability, maintaining the vehicle's original characteristics. The canvas covering structure can be customized according to different application needs, such as transparent canvas for situations requiring cargo observation, and thickened canvas for heavy-duty protection, demonstrating strong adaptability. The canopy has zippered designs on both sides of all four sides. When the zippers are open, each side of the canopy can be rotated and retracted to the top of the support structure 21 and secured with buttons, facilitating easy access to items. A plastic film observation window is located in the middle of the canopy near the driver's seat 6, providing convenience for the user to observe the items in the cargo compartment 1.

[0093] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “” used herein may also indicate the inclusion of the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated, unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0094] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0095] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A detachable solar charging device for use in an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle comprising a passenger compartment (1) and a battery pack, characterized in that, The detachable solar charging device includes: The photovoltaic bracket (2) is detachably connected to the carriage (1); A photovoltaic module (3) is detachably mounted on the top of the photovoltaic bracket (2). The photovoltaic module (3) is located directly above the carriage (1) and forms a storage space (4) between the photovoltaic module (3) and the carriage (1). The controller (5) is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module (3) and the battery pack, and is used to control the photovoltaic module (3) to charge the battery pack.

2. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carriage (1) includes a backrest panel (11) adjacent to the driver's seat (6) and side panels (12) located on both sides of the carriage (1). The photovoltaic bracket (2) includes: Two support structures (21) are detachably connected to the two side plates (12), respectively; A horizontal fixing rod (22) is connected to the backrest plate (11) via a first fastener (23), and the two ends of the horizontal fixing rod (22) are respectively connected to the two support structures (21).

3. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support structure (21) includes: The crossbeam (211) is connected to the side plate (12) by a second fastener (24); Two vertical beams (212) are connected at their bottoms to the horizontal beam (211) and at their tops to the photovoltaic module (3).

4. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the vertical beam (212) is provided with a slot (213), and the photovoltaic bracket (2) also includes a frame (26). The bottom of the frame (26) is provided with a plug (261). The plug (261) is inserted into the slot (213) and connected by a third fastener (25). The photovoltaic module (3) is mounted on the frame (26).

5. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The crossbeam (211) has a first groove (2111) along its extension direction, and at least a portion of the side plate (12) is engaged in the first groove (2111).

6. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module (3) extends from one end toward the driver's seat (6) to the top of the driver's seat (6) and forms a first shielding part (31); And / or, the end of the photovoltaic module (3) away from the driver's seat (6) extends to the rear of the vehicle compartment (1) and forms a second shield (32).

7. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transverse fixing rod (22) is provided with a second groove (221) along its own extension direction, and at least a portion of the backrest plate (11) is engaged in the second groove (221).

8. The detachable solar charging device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical beam (212) is provided with a hollow channel (2121) for accommodating wire harnesses, and the side wall of the vertical beam (212) is provided with a wire-passing hole (2122) communicating with the hollow channel (2121).

9. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, include: The vehicle body includes a driver's seat (6), a passenger compartment (1), and a battery pack; The detachable solar charging device according to any one of claims 1-8 is installed on the carriage (1).

10. The electric vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photovoltaic bracket (2) of the detachable solar charging device is equipped with a retractable canvas cover structure.

Images