Optical fiber transmission control heavy load unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of optical fiber transmission control heavy load unmanned plane, it is related to unmanned plane technical field, including unmanned plane main body, optical fiber transmission system, wireless communication system and ground station system;Unmanned plane main body is equipped with flight control system, video acquisition system, optical fiber signal conversion system, ground station system is equipped with wireless communication system, optical fiber signal conversion system and ground station background system, optical fiber transceiver signal conversion module realizes the conversion between optical signal and electrical signal, unmanned plane is also equipped with optical fiber equipment aircraft end support, quick release part, optical fiber storage barrel and wire winding and unwinding device;The utility model can be in strong electromagnetic interference environment through optical fiber transmission signal, avoid interference, automatically switch wireless mode when optical fiber transmission interruption, improve flight safety redundancy, adapt to a variety of operation scenarios, improve environmental adaptability and operation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, specifically to the field of signal transmission and flight control technology for heavy-payload UAVs. It is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring high payload capacity, such as industrial material transportation, disaster relief material delivery, and short-distance transport of large equipment, where the operating environment may experience electromagnetic interference and demanding stringent signal transmission stability requirements. This technical solution optimizes the fiber optic transmission structure, quick-release connection design, and deployment / retraction mechanism, combined with wireless backup transmission logic, to achieve stable control and efficient operation of heavy-payload UAVs in complex environments. It solves problems such as susceptibility to signal interference, inconvenient fiber optic maintenance, and low deployment / retraction reliability in traditional heavy-payload UAVs, thereby improving the environmental adaptability and flight safety of heavy-payload UAVs. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy-payload unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are UAV systems capable of carrying large payloads. They typically possess powerful propulsion systems and stable flight control capabilities, enabling them to carry goods, equipment, or sensors on flight missions. They have applications in many fields, including agriculture, logistics, and healthcare.

[0003] Existing heavy-payload drones rely heavily on radio frequency (RF) technology for control and data transmission. For example, the Chinese utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN201620615469.0, which discloses "a heavy-payload drone with endurance function," uses a wireless module to achieve remote control and data interaction. However, in complex urban electromagnetic environments (such as densely populated areas with high-rise buildings or around high-voltage power facilities) or in scenarios with strong electromagnetic interference (such as industrial plants or military exercise areas), RF signals are easily affected by external electromagnetic interference, leading to control signal delays, packet loss, or even signal interruption. Heavy-payload drones, due to their large payload and strong inertia, have even higher requirements for the real-time performance and stability of control signals. Signal abnormalities can easily cause drone imbalance and crashes, resulting in material damage and safety accidents, failing to meet the operational needs in high-interference environments. To enhance anti-interference capabilities, some heavy-payload drones have begun to adopt fiber optic transmission technology. For example, the "Platform-type Drone Working System" disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN212290334U uses fiber optics for signal transmission. While this can mitigate electromagnetic interference to some extent, the connection between the fiber optic cable and the drone is often a fixed, integrated structure. When the fiber optic cable is worn or broken, the entire transmission assembly needs to be disassembled for repair and replacement. This process is complex and time-consuming, increasing drone downtime for maintenance and impacting operational efficiency. Furthermore, these drones lack dedicated fiber optic cable deployment and retraction mechanisms. During takeoff, landing, and flight, the fiber optic cable is prone to breakage or loosening due to excessive stretching, further reducing the reliability of fiber optic transmission and limiting the large-scale application of fiber optic transmission technology in heavy-payload drones.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a fiber optic transmission control system for heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to solve the problems mentioned above. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fiber optic transmission control system for heavy-payload unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to address the problems of existing heavy-payload UAVs in complex operating scenarios, such as susceptible signal transmission to interference, cumbersome fiber optic maintenance, low reliability of fiber optic deployment and take-up, and lack of effective emergency mechanisms after signal interruption. By optimizing the fiber optic transmission structure, quick-release connection design, deployment and take-up mechanism, and signal detection and emergency control logic, this invention improves the signal transmission stability, maintenance convenience, and flight safety of heavy-payload UAVs, meeting the high reliability requirements of heavy-payload UAVs in scenarios such as industrial material transportation and disaster relief.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A fiber optic transmission control system for heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) includes a core structure comprising the UAV body, fiber optic transmission components, fiber optic quick-release structure, and fiber optic take-up and drop structure. It is also equipped with a support frame, a load-bearing frame, and a UAV control motherboard. The various structures work together to achieve stable flight control and efficient operation of the heavy-load UAV.

[0007] Furthermore, multiple arms are arranged around the main body of the drone, and each arm is equipped with a power output motor at its end. The top output end of the power output motor is connected to a propeller, which drives the propeller to rotate, providing the lift and power required for the drone to fly. A support frame is fixed at the bottom of the main body of the drone, and a load-bearing frame is connected to the bottom of the support frame. The load-bearing frame is used to carry heavy objects such as industrial materials and disaster relief supplies, while the support frame provides stable support for the load-bearing frame, preventing the load from directly contacting the main body of the drone and affecting the flight balance. The main body of the drone integrates a drone control motherboard, which serves as the control core of the entire drone and coordinates the operation of all components.

[0008] Furthermore, the fiber optic transmission component includes a fiber optic signal receiver and a fiber optic signal conversion module, which together form the core link for signal transmission and conversion: one end of the fiber optic signal receiver is connected to an external fiber optic cable to receive control signals transmitted from the ground station via the external fiber optic cable; the other end of the fiber optic signal receiver is electrically connected to the fiber optic signal conversion module to transmit the received optical signals to the fiber optic signal conversion module; the output end of the fiber optic signal conversion module is electrically connected to the UAV control motherboard, which can convert the optical signals into electrical signals that can drive the power output motor, and at the same time, it can convert the UAV's flight status signals (such as flight altitude, speed, and payload weight) back into optical signals, which are then transmitted back to the ground station system via the external fiber optic cable, realizing bidirectional signal interaction between the ground station and the UAV.

[0009] Furthermore, a flight controller is set on the corresponding fiber optic transmission component on the UAV control motherboard. The flight controller is electrically connected to the UAV control motherboard and the power output motor respectively. After receiving the control commands transmitted by the UAV control motherboard, it precisely controls the speed and direction of the power output motor, thereby adjusting the propeller's operating state and realizing the control of UAV flight actions such as take-off, landing, turning, and hovering.

[0010] Furthermore, the fiber optic quick-release structure is used to enable the rapid assembly and disassembly of the fiber optic transmission component from the drone body. It includes a mounting housing and elastic clips. The mounting housing is fixed to the rear housing of the drone body. The mounting housing has a cavity inside that matches the shape of the fiber optic transmission component, providing installation space for the fiber optic transmission component. Press switches are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the mounting housing. Elastic clips are arranged at the left and right ends of the front side of the fiber optic transmission component, corresponding to the press switch positions. The inner side of the elastic clips is connected to a return spring, and the other end of the return spring is fixed to the housing of the fiber optic transmission component. When installing the fiber optic transmission assembly, embed the assembly into the cavity of the mounting housing. The elastic clips engage with the mounting housing under the force of the return spring, thus securing the fiber optic transmission assembly. At this time, the inner end of the press switch is in contact with the outer side of the elastic clip. When it is necessary to disassemble and maintain the fiber optic transmission assembly, press the press switches on both sides. The press switches push the elastic clips to compress the return spring, causing the elastic clips to disengage from the mounting housing. The fiber optic transmission assembly can then be directly removed without the need for additional tools, greatly simplifying the disassembly and assembly process.

[0011] Furthermore, the fiber optic take-up and release structure is used for the orderly winding and unwinding of external optical fibers, preventing excessive stretching or loose entanglement of the external fibers during drone flight. It includes a connector and a take-up / release wheel. The connector is obliquely fixed to the rear of the drone body and located below the fiber optic transmission assembly. The take-up / release wheel is rotatably mounted on the connector, and the external optical fiber is wound around the take-up / release wheel. When the drone takes off, the take-up / release wheel rotates forward to release the external optical fiber, preventing the fiber from being stretched and broken during takeoff. When the drone lands or needs to retrieve the fiber, the take-up / release wheel rotates in the reverse direction to wind the external optical fiber onto the wheel, ensuring neat fiber storage and reducing fiber wear.

[0012] Furthermore, the UAV control motherboard integrates a signal detection module, which is electrically connected to the fiber optic transmission component. This module can monitor the signal transmission status of the fiber optic transmission component in real time (such as signal strength and transmission continuity). When an interruption in fiber optic transmission is detected (such as a broken external fiber or a faulty fiber optic signal receiver), the signal detection module immediately sends a control signal to the UAV control motherboard. The UAV control motherboard then drives the flight controller to execute preset emergency operations, such as controlling the UAV to continue completing the current transportation task along a preset route or directly controlling the UAV to return autonomously, thus preventing safety accidents caused by the UAV losing control.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention, through the design of a fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load UAV, achieves the following effects: 1. This invention uses a fiber optic transmission component as the main signal transmission path. Fiber optic transmission has the characteristics of anti-electromagnetic interference, low signal delay, and large transmission bandwidth. It can stably transmit control signals and flight status data in complex urban electromagnetic environments or strong electromagnetic interference scenarios, completely avoiding control anomalies caused by interference with radio frequency signals. At the same time, the signal detection module on the UAV control motherboard can monitor the fiber optic transmission status in real time. When the fiber optic transmission is interrupted, it can quickly trigger an emergency mechanism, significantly improving the flight stability and safety of the heavy-load UAV in complex electromagnetic environments. 2. This invention designs a quick-release fiber optic structure and a dedicated fiber optic take-up and drop structure: The quick-release fiber optic structure, through the cooperation of the mounting housing, a push-button switch, and elastic buckles, enables the quick disassembly and reassembly of the fiber optic transmission component and the UAV body. The first feature is that when the optical fiber or transmission component is damaged, the entire component can be replaced simply by pressing a switch, without disassembling it, thus improving maintenance efficiency and solving the problem of time-consuming maintenance of existing fixed integrated structures. The optical fiber winding and unwinding structure, through the cooperation of the connecting seat and the rotatable winding and unwinding wheel, realizes the orderly winding and unwinding of the external optical fiber, avoiding excessive pulling or loose winding of the optical fiber, significantly improving the reliability of optical fiber transmission and the convenience of maintenance. 3. This utility model integrates a signal detection module and emergency control logic into the main structure. When the signal detection module detects an interruption in optical fiber transmission, it can immediately drive the flight controller to execute preset emergency operations (such as autonomous return or completing the remaining tasks according to a preset path), preventing the drone from losing control. At the same time, the load-bearing frame and support frame at the bottom of the drone body can stably support heavy objects. Combined with the stable control signal of optical fiber transmission, it effectively avoids flight risks caused by the superposition of material shaking and abnormal signals. Compared to existing heavy-load UAVs that rely solely on a single transmission method and have a simple payload structure, this solution improves emergency response speed to the millisecond level, reduces payload sway, and comprehensively ensures the operational efficiency and flight safety of heavy-load UAVs. 4. Compared to existing technologies, this solution not only solves the problems of single transmission interference, fiber optic maintenance and deployment, but also forms a closed-loop control logic of "transmission-detection-emergency" through the combination of signal detection and emergency control. This enables heavy-load UAVs to meet high payload requirements while possessing stronger environmental adaptability and safety redundancy, and can be widely used in various complex operational scenarios, with significant practical value and promotional significance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a portion of the internal structure of the main body of the UAV of this utility model; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a side view of the main body of the UAV of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fiber optic quick-release structure of this utility model.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. UAV body; 2. Fiber optic transmission assembly; 3. Fiber optic quick-release structure; 4. Fiber optic take-up and drop structure; 5. Arm; 6. Power output motor; 7. Propeller; 8. Support frame; 9. Load-bearing frame; 10. UAV control motherboard; 21. Fiber optic signal receiver; 22. Fiber optic signal conversion module; 23. Flight controller; 31. Mounting housing; 32. Push switch; 33. Elastic buckle; 41. Connecting seat; 42. Take-up and drop wheels; 101. Signal detection module. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0017] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, a more comprehensive description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of this utility model are provided. However, this utility model can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this utility model will be more thorough and complete.

[0018] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a fiber optic transmission-controlled heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV body 1 has four arms 5 evenly arranged around its perimeter. Each arm 5 has a power output motor 6 bolted to its end. The power output motor 6 is a high-torque brushless motor, and its top output end is fixedly connected to a propeller 7 via a coupling, driving the propeller 7 to rotate at a speed range of 0-3000 r / min, providing the UAV with a maximum payload lift of 50 kg. A support frame 8 is welded to the bottom of the UAV body 1. The support frame 8 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and its bottom is bolted to a load-bearing frame 9. Anti-slip rubber pads are laid on the inside of the load-bearing frame 9 for placing industrial transport parts or disaster relief supplies. Inside the UAV body 1, a UAV control motherboard 10 is fixed via a shock-absorbing bracket. The UAV control motherboard 10 uses an industrial-grade microcontroller, integrating power management, signal processing, and command output functions.

[0019] Example 2 Please see Figure 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further defines the optical fiber transmission component 2 as including an optical fiber signal receiver 21 and an optical fiber signal conversion module 22. The optical fiber signal receiver 21 uses a high-sensitivity photodetector and is connected to an external optical fiber through an optical fiber interface. The external optical fiber is an armored single-mode optical fiber with tensile and wear-resistant properties. The output end of the optical fiber signal receiver 21 is electrically connected to the optical fiber signal conversion module 22 through a shielded wire. The optical fiber signal conversion module 22 uses a dedicated optical-to-electrical conversion chip, which can convert the optical signal (wavelength 1310nm) transmitted from the external optical fiber into a 3.3V digital electrical signal. The output end of the optical fiber signal conversion module 22 is connected to the signal input interface of the UAV control motherboard 10 through a ribbon cable. At the same time, a flight controller 23 is soldered on the UAV control motherboard 10. The flight controller 23 is a high-precision PID controller, and its signal input end is electrically connected to the signal output end of the UAV control motherboard 10. The control output end is connected to four power output motors 6 through PWM signal lines. When the UAV performs industrial material transportation tasks, the ground station sends a "takeoff" control signal through an external optical fiber. This optical signal is transmitted to the optical fiber signal receiver 21 via the external optical fiber. The optical fiber signal receiver 21 converts the optical signal into an analog electrical signal and transmits it to the optical fiber signal conversion module 22. The optical fiber signal conversion module 22 further converts the analog electrical signal into a digital control signal that can be recognized by the UAV control motherboard 10. After receiving the signal, the UAV control motherboard 10 sends a "start drive power output motor" command to the flight controller 23. The flight controller 23 outputs a PWM control signal according to the command, adjusts the speed of the four power output motors 6 to 2000 r / min, drives the propellers 7 to rotate to generate lift, and lifts the UAV body 1 and the 10kg material on the load rack 9 into the air. During flight, the UAV's flight status signals (such as flight altitude, speed, and motor speed) are collected in real time by the UAV control motherboard 10. After being converted into optical signals by the fiber optic signal conversion module 22, they are transmitted back to the ground station through an external fiber optic cable. When the ground station sends a "turn" control signal, the fiber optic transmission component 2 repeats the above signal conversion process. After receiving the signal, the UAV control motherboard 10 adjusts the speed of the single-sided power output motor 6 through the flight controller 23 (e.g., the left motor speed is reduced to 1800 r / min, while the right motor is kept at 2000 r / min) to achieve smooth turning of the UAV. The entire signal transmission delay is controlled within 50ms, which meets the real-time control signal requirements of heavy-load UAVs.

[0020] Example 3 Please see Figure 1 as well as Figure 5Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further specifies that the mounting housing 31 of the fiber optic quick-release structure 3 is made of ABS engineering plastic and is fixed to the rear housing of the UAV body 1 by countersunk screws. The mounting housing 31 has a cavity inside that matches the shape of the fiber optic transmission component 2. The depth of the cavity is 2 / 3 of the length of the fiber optic transmission component 2 to ensure that the fiber optic transmission component 2 is stable and does not shake after installation. The mounting housing 31 has symmetrical mounting holes on the left and right sides. The push switch 32 is movably installed in the mounting hole by spring pin. The inner end of the push switch 32 has an arc-shaped structure and the outer end has anti-slip texture to facilitate the operator to press. The left and right ends of the front side of the fiber optic transmission component 2 are fixed with elastic buckles 33 by screws. The elastic buckles 33 are made of spring steel and have a return spring welded to their inner side. The other end of the return spring is welded to the metal shell of the fiber optic transmission component 2. The natural length of the return spring is 15mm and the maximum compression stroke is 5mm. When the fiber optic transmission component 2 is fully embedded in the cavity of the mounting shell 31, the horizontal end of the elastic buckle 33 is engaged in the slot on the inner wall of the cavity of the mounting shell 31 under the elastic force of the return spring. At this time, the inner end of the press switch 32 is in contact with the vertical end of the elastic buckle 33. The contact pressure between the two is 2N, ensuring that the elastic buckle 33 is firmly engaged. When it is necessary to disassemble the fiber optic transmission assembly 2 for maintenance (such as cleaning the interface dust of the fiber optic signal receiver 21), the operator presses the push switches 32 on both sides of the mounting housing 31 with their thumbs. The inner end of the push switch 32 pushes the vertical end of the elastic buckle 33, causing the elastic buckle 33 to compress the reset spring. When the reset spring is compressed to 10mm, the horizontal end of the elastic buckle 33 disengages from the slot of the mounting housing 31. At this time, the operator can hold the outer handle of the fiber optic transmission assembly 2 and remove it from the cavity of the mounting housing 31. The entire disassembly process takes no more than 10 seconds. After maintenance, the fiber optic transmission assembly 2 is aligned with the cavity of the mounting housing 31 and pushed in until the elastic buckle 33 is re-engaged in the slot under the action of the reset spring. At this time, the installation can be confirmed by gently pulling the fiber optic transmission assembly 2. The entire installation process does not require the use of screwdrivers, wrenches or other tools, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency.

[0021] Example 4 Please see Figure 4Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further specifies that the connecting seat 41 of the fiber optic take-up and delivery structure 4 is made of stainless steel and is obliquely fixed to the rear side of the UAV body 1 by an angle bracket. The angle between the connecting seat 41 and the rear shell of the UAV body 1 is 30°, and it is located 100mm below the fiber optic transmission component 2. This position design can prevent the downwash airflow generated by the rotation of the propeller 7 from directly impacting the external fiber optic cable. The top of the connecting seat 41 is rotatably mounted with a take-up and delivery wheel 42 through a bearing. The take-up and delivery wheel 42 has an outer diameter of 80mm and a width of 20mm. Its outer side wall is provided with a spiral groove with a depth of 5mm, which is adapted to the outer diameter of the external fiber optic cable to ensure that the external fiber optic cable is arranged in an orderly manner without overlap when wound. A transmission gear is coaxially fixed on one side of the take-up and extender wheel 42. A micro stepper motor is mounted on the side of the connecting seat 41 via a motor bracket. A drive gear is fixed at the output end of the micro stepper motor. The drive gear meshes with the transmission gear, and the transmission ratio is 1:5. The micro stepper motor can be controlled to rotate forward and backward via the UAV control motherboard 10, driving the take-up and extender wheel 42 to rotate at a speed of 0-10 r / min. One end of the external optical fiber passes through the guide hole on the connecting seat 41 and is fixed in the wire groove of the take-up and extender wheel 42 by the optical fiber fixing clip. The other end is connected to the interface of the optical fiber signal receiver 21. When the drone takes off from the ground, the drone control motherboard 10 synchronously sends a "forward rotation" command to the micro stepper motor. The micro stepper motor drives the take-up and release wheel 42 to rotate forward, and the external optical fiber is gradually released from the groove of the take-up and release wheel 42. The release speed matches the drone's take-off speed (e.g., when the drone's take-off speed is 0.5 m / s, the release speed of the take-up and release wheel 42 is 0.5 m / s) to avoid the external optical fiber from breaking due to excessive pulling. When the drone lands on the ground, the drone control motherboard 10 sends a "reverse rotation" command. The micro stepper motor drives the take-up and release wheel 42 to rotate in the opposite direction, rewinding the external optical fiber into the groove. During the winding process, the external optical fiber is evenly arranged under the guidance of the spiral groove, avoiding knotting and tangling. In addition, a wear-resistant ceramic ring is installed inside the guide hole on the connector 41 to reduce the friction between the external optical fiber and the guide hole during take-up and release, extending the service life of the optical fiber.

[0022] Example 5 Please see Figure 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further specifies that a signal detection module 101 is soldered on the UAV control motherboard 10. The signal detection module 101 adopts a dedicated signal detection chip, and its signal input end is electrically connected to the fiber optic signal conversion module 22 of the fiber optic transmission component 2 through a wire. It can collect the digital electrical signal output by the fiber optic signal conversion module 22 in real time, and the collection frequency is 10Hz. The signal detection module 101 has a preset signal threshold (if no valid electrical signal is collected for 3 consecutive times, the transmission is interrupted). When an abnormal fiber optic transmission status is detected, a control signal can be sent to the UAV control motherboard 10 through the interrupt signal pin. When a drone is performing a disaster relief delivery mission, if the external optical fiber is accidentally severed by a tree branch, the optical fiber transmission component 2 will be unable to receive control signals from the ground station. In this case, if the signal detection module 101 fails to collect a valid electrical signal output by the optical fiber signal conversion module 22 for three consecutive times, it will determine that the optical fiber transmission is interrupted and immediately send a "transmission interruption" control signal to the drone control motherboard 10. After receiving the signal, the drone control motherboard 10 will immediately activate the emergency procedure. On the one hand, it will send a command to the flight controller 23 to control the power output motor 6 to adjust its speed to 1500 r / min, so that the drone can remain in a hovering state (the hovering height error does not exceed 0.5m). On the other hand, the built-in storage module retrieves preset tasks (such as "autonomous return after dropping payload"); according to the emergency command, the flight controller 23 first controls the electromagnetic lock of the load rack 9 to open, dropping the 5kg of disaster relief supplies carried to reduce the weight of the drone, and then adjusts the speed of the power output motor 6 to control the drone to fly back to the takeoff point according to the stored return route (confirmed by GPS positioning). During the return process, the signal detection module 101 continuously detects the fiber optic transmission status. If the fiber optic transmission is restored, it can switch back to the normal control mode through the ground station command. The entire emergency response process takes no more than 1 second, effectively avoiding the drone from crashing due to loss of control.

[0023] The working process of this utility model: I. Preparation process before the operation Check the status of core components: Confirm that the main body of the drone 1, fiber optic transmission component 2, fiber optic quick-release structure 3, fiber optic take-up and drop structure 4 are installed completely, the arm 5 is firmly connected to the power output motor 6 and propeller 7, the support frame 8 and load frame 9 are not loose, and the power supply interface of the drone control motherboard 10 is normal.

[0024] Fiber optic transmission component installation: The fiber optic transmission component 2 is embedded into the cavity through the mounting housing 31 of the fiber optic quick-release structure 3, and the elastic buckle 33 is snapped in place; the external fiber optic cable is connected to the fiber optic signal receiver 21 of the fiber optic transmission component 2, and the external fiber optic cable is wound around the take-up and take-up wheel 42 of the fiber optic take-up and take-up structure 4 to ensure that the fiber optic cable is not tangled.

[0025] System power-on test: Start the UAV control motherboard 10, and use the signal detection module 101 to detect the signal transmission status of the fiber optic transmission component 2 to confirm that the fiber optic signal receiver 21, fiber optic signal conversion module 22 and UAV control motherboard 10 are communicating normally; check the electrical connection between the flight controller 23 and the power output motor 6, and test the start and stop function of the power output motor 6 to ensure that all components are coordinated and controllable.

[0026] II. Work Process Control Flow Signal transmission and flight start: The ground station sends control signals through external optical fiber. After receiving the signals, the optical fiber signal receiver 21 transmits them to the optical fiber signal conversion module 22, which converts them into electrical signals and sends them to the UAV control motherboard 10. The UAV control motherboard 10 transmits the instructions to the flight controller 23. The flight controller 23 drives the power output motor 6 to rotate, which in turn drives the propeller 7 to rotate and lift the UAV into the air. At the same time, the take-up and take-down wheel 42 of the optical fiber take-up and take-down structure 4 rotates forward with the UAV during flight, releasing the external optical fiber.

[0027] In-flight monitoring and data transmission: During flight, the fiber optic transmission component 2 converts the UAV flight status signals (such as altitude and speed) into optical signals and transmits them back to the ground station through an external fiber optic cable; the signal detection module 101 monitors the signal status of the fiber optic transmission component 2 in real time. If an interruption in fiber optic transmission is detected, a control signal is immediately sent to the UAV control motherboard 10, and the flight controller 23 controls the UAV to perform a preset task (such as material delivery) or return to base autonomously.

[0028] III. Post-operation recovery process Fiber optic recovery and equipment shutdown: After the drone completes its operation and lands, the take-up and take-up wheels 42 of the fiber optic take-up and take-up structure 4 are rotated in the opposite direction to orderly wind up the external fiber optic cable; the power output motor 6 and the power supply of the drone control motherboard 10 are turned off, and the connection between the external fiber optic cable and the fiber optic signal receiver 21 is disconnected.

[0029] Component disassembly and maintenance: Press the push switch 32 of the fiber optic quick-release structure 3 to push the elastic buckle 33 to compress the reset spring, and remove the fiber optic transmission component 2 for cleaning and maintenance; check whether the take-up and take-up wheels 42, load frame 9 and other components are worn, clean the equipment and store it to prepare for the next operation.

[0030] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), characterized in that: The device includes a drone body (1), an optical fiber transmission component (2) mounted on the drone body (1), an optical fiber quick-release structure (3), and an optical fiber take-up and release structure (4). The drone body (1) is provided with multiple arms (5) around its periphery. The ends of the multiple arms (5) are provided with power output motors (6). The top output end of the power output motors (6) is connected to a propeller (7). The power output motors (6) are used to drive the propellers (7) to rotate. The optical fiber transmission component (2) is used to receive and convert control signals transmitted from external optical fibers to control the operation of the power output motors (6). The optical fiber quick-release structure (3) is used to quickly connect and disconnect the optical fiber transmission component (2) and the drone body (1). The optical fiber take-up and release structure (4) is used to wind up and release external optical fibers. The bottom of the drone body (1) is also provided with a support frame (8). The bottom of the support frame (8) is provided with a load-bearing frame (9). The drone body (1) is provided with a drone control motherboard (10).

2. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber transmission component (2) includes an optical fiber signal receiver (21) and an optical fiber signal conversion module (22). The optical fiber signal receiver (21) is connected to an external optical fiber. The output end of the optical fiber signal receiver (21) is electrically connected to the optical fiber signal conversion module (22). The output end of the optical fiber signal conversion module (22) is electrically connected to the UAV control motherboard (10). The optical signal transmitted by the external optical fiber is converted into an electrical signal that can drive the power output motor (6) to run. At the same time, the flight status signal of the UAV is converted into an optical signal and transmitted back to the ground station system through the external optical fiber.

3. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The UAV control motherboard (10) is equipped with a flight controller (23) corresponding to the fiber optic transmission component (2). The flight controller (23) is electrically connected to the UAV control motherboard (10) and the power output motor (6), thereby controlling the power output motor (6) to operate.

4. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber optic quick-release structure (3) includes a mounting housing (31) correspondingly disposed on the rear shell of the UAV body (1). The mounting housing (31) has a cavity for accommodating the fiber optic transmission component (2) inside. Press switches (32) are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the mounting housing (31).

5. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes elastic buckles (33) set on the left and right ends of the front side of the fiber optic transmission component (2). The two elastic buckles (33) correspond to the location of the push switch (32), so that when the fiber optic transmission component (2) is fully installed inside the UAV body (1), the inner end of the push switch (32) is in contact with the outer side of the elastic buckle (33).

6. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner side of the elastic buckle (33) is provided with a reset spring. One end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the elastic buckle (33), and the other end is fixedly connected to the housing of the optical fiber transmission assembly (2). When the press switch (32) is pressed, the press switch (32) pushes the elastic buckle (33) to compress the reset spring, so that the elastic buckle (33) is disengaged from the mounting housing (31), making it easy to remove the optical fiber transmission assembly (2). After the press switch (32) is released, the reset spring drives the elastic buckle (33) to reset, and the optical fiber transmission assembly (2) can be re-engaged and fixed to the mounting housing (31).

7. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber optic take-up and drop structure (4) includes a connector (41) obliquely arranged on the rear side of the UAV body (1) and located below the fiber optic transmission component (2) and a take-up and drop wheel (42) rotatable on the connector (41). The external fiber is wound around the take-up and drop wheel (42). Driving the take-up and drop wheel (42) to rotate forward and backward can drive the external fiber to be taken up and dropped from the take-up and drop wheel (42).

8. The fiber optic transmission control system for a heavy-load unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UAV control motherboard (10) is equipped with a signal detection module (101). The signal detection module (101) is electrically connected to the optical fiber transmission component (2). The signal detection module (101) can detect the signal transmission status of the optical fiber transmission component (2) in real time. When the optical fiber transmission is interrupted, the signal detection module (101) sends a control signal to the UAV control motherboard (10) to drive the flight controller (23) to control the UAV to perform a preset task or return autonomously.

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