A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XINJIANG KUNLUN STEEL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-07
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种高炉冶炼用热风炉，其能够解决现有热风炉依赖外接设备回收余热、效率低且系统复杂的技术问题
[0014]本实用新型通过在炉体内部依次设置燃烧室、蓄热室和余热回收室，使烟气在炉体内完成与蓄热体的一次换热和与余热回收室换热组件的二次换热，无需依赖外置设备即可充分回收烟气余热，减少了设备占地面积和系统复杂度；同时，余热回收室内通过分隔板设置导流腔和换热腔，配合导流组件对烟气流向的引导，保证了烟气在换热腔内与换热组件的高效接触，降低了烟气传输过程中的散热损失，提升了余热回收效率。
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Figure CN224605009U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of hot blast stove technology, and more specifically, to a hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting. Background Technology
[0002] The hot blast stove is a key auxiliary equipment for blast furnace ironmaking. It generates high-temperature flue gas by burning coal gas, and after heat exchange in the heat storage body, it heats the cold air into high-temperature hot air and sends it into the blast furnace, thereby reducing blast furnace fuel consumption and improving smelting efficiency.
[0003] In existing technologies, the structural design of blast furnace hot blast stoves has obvious defects in the waste heat recovery process: the flue gas flow path of existing hot blast stoves only includes a single heat exchange process with the heat storage body. After the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion releases some heat through the heat storage body, it still carries a large amount of waste heat (usually the exhaust gas temperature is as high as 200-300℃) and is directly discharged outside the furnace. Since the hot blast stove body does not integrate an effective waste heat recovery structure, this underutilized flue gas waste heat needs to rely on external waste heat recovery equipment (such as waste heat boilers) for secondary recovery. This external recovery method not only increases the equipment footprint and system complexity, but also results in low waste heat recovery efficiency due to heat loss during flue gas transmission (usually only 60%-70% of the exhaust gas waste heat can be recovered). Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting, which can solve the technical problems of existing hot blast stoves that rely on external equipment to recover waste heat, have low efficiency and are complex systems.
[0005] This application provides a hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting, including a furnace body. The furnace body is provided with a combustion chamber, a heat storage chamber and a waste heat recovery chamber connected from top to bottom. The combustion chamber is used to generate high-temperature flue gas. The heat storage chamber is provided with a heat storage body. The waste heat recovery chamber is used to receive the flue gas after heat exchange in the heat storage chamber and recover waste heat.
[0006] A partition plate is fixedly installed in the waste heat recovery chamber, which divides the waste heat recovery chamber into a flow guiding chamber and a heat exchange chamber from top to bottom. The flow guiding chamber is equipped with a flow guiding component to guide the flow direction of the flue gas, and the heat exchange chamber is equipped with a heat exchange component for heat exchange with the flue gas.
[0007] Furthermore, the flow guiding assembly includes a flow guiding cone and multiple flow guiding plates. The flow guiding cone is suspended above the partition plate by the multiple flow guiding plates, and the lower end of the flow guiding plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the partition plate. The multiple flow guiding plates are arranged in a ring array along the inner circumference of the bottom of the flow guiding cone, and a flow guiding channel for flue gas to pass through is formed between two adjacent flow guiding plates. The partition plate has multiple tube bundles that penetrate the heat exchange cavity in the middle. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with a flue pipe, and the lower ends of the multiple tube bundles are all connected to the flue pipe. A flue pipe is provided on the flue pipe.
[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange assembly includes multiple heat exchange fins, which are fixedly disposed within the heat exchange cavity. The upper ends of the heat exchange fins extend into the flow guide channel, and adjacent heat exchange fins are staggered along the flow guide direction of the flow guide channel. The furnace body is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe that communicate with the heat exchange cavity. The inlet pipe is provided with an inlet valve, and the outlet pipe is provided with an outlet valve.
[0009] Furthermore, the furnace body is provided with a cold air ring pipe, and multiple cold air output pipes are uniformly connected to the inner side of the cold air ring pipe. The output end of the cold air output pipe extends into the flow guide and is located above the flow guide cone. The cold air ring pipe is connected to a cold air input pipe. Each of the cold air output pipes is provided with a cold air valve, and the cold air valve is located on the outer side of the furnace body.
[0010] Furthermore, the furnace body is provided with a hot air output pipe that communicates with the combustion chamber, and the hot air output pipe is provided with a hot air valve.
[0011] Furthermore, the heat storage body is constructed of high-alumina bricks, and the heat storage body has multiple uniformly distributed variable-diameter through holes extending vertically inside, with the variable-diameter through holes having a structure of small diameter at the upper end and large diameter at the lower end.
[0012] Furthermore, the furnace body is provided with a combustion port that communicates with the combustion chamber, and the combustion port is used to connect with an external burner.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0014] This invention, by sequentially arranging a combustion chamber, a heat storage chamber, and a waste heat recovery chamber inside the furnace body, allows the flue gas to complete a primary heat exchange with the heat storage medium and a secondary heat exchange with the heat exchange components in the waste heat recovery chamber within the furnace body. This eliminates the need for external equipment, enabling full recovery of waste heat from the flue gas and reducing the equipment footprint and system complexity. Simultaneously, the waste heat recovery chamber is equipped with a flow guiding cavity and a heat exchange cavity through a partition plate. Combined with the flow guiding components, this ensures efficient contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange components within the heat exchange cavity, reducing heat loss during flue gas transmission and improving waste heat recovery efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of structures in some embodiments of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the partition plate and the heat exchange fin plate in some embodiments of this application;
[0018] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:
[0019] 1. Furnace body; 2. Combustion chamber; 3. Regenerator chamber; 31. Regenerator body; 311. Variable diameter through hole; 4. Waste heat recovery chamber; 41. Flow guide cavity; 42. Heat exchange cavity; 5. Partition plate; 6. Flow guide assembly; 61. Flow guide cone; 62. Flow guide plate; 7. Heat exchange assembly; 71. Heat exchange fin plate; 8. Flow guide channel; 9. Tube bundle; 10. Smoke exhaust pipe; 11. Smoke exhaust valve; 12. Water inlet pipe; 13. Water outlet pipe; 14. Water inlet valve; 15. Water outlet valve; 16. Cold air ring pipe; 17. Cold air output pipe; 18. Cold air input pipe; 19. Cold air valve; 20. Hot air output pipe; 21. Hot air valve; 22. Combustion port; 23. Grate. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0023] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0024] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0025] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Specific implementation examples:
[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this application provides a hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting, including a furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 has, from top to bottom, a combustion chamber 2, a heat storage chamber 3, and a waste heat recovery chamber 4, which are interconnected. The combustion chamber 2 generates high-temperature flue gas. The heat storage chamber 3 contains a heat storage body 31. The waste heat recovery chamber 4 receives the flue gas after heat exchange in the heat storage chamber 3 and recovers its waste heat. A partition plate 5 is fixedly installed inside the waste heat recovery chamber 4, dividing it from top to bottom into a flow guiding chamber 41 and a heat exchange chamber 42. The flow guiding chamber 41 contains a flow guiding component 6 to guide the flow direction of the flue gas. The heat exchange chamber 42 contains a heat exchange component 7 for heat exchange with the flue gas. Specifically, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber 2 enters the heat storage chamber 3 downwards, completes one heat exchange with the heat storage body 31 in the heat storage chamber 3, and then continues to enter the waste heat recovery chamber 4. In section 4, the flue gas first enters the guide cavity 41 separated by the partition plate 5, and is guided by the guide component 6 to finally undergo secondary heat exchange with the heat exchange component 7 in the heat exchange cavity 42, realizing the recovery of waste heat from the flue gas. The flue gas that has completed heat exchange is discharged from the waste heat recovery chamber 4. By sequentially setting the combustion chamber 2, the heat storage chamber 3, and the waste heat recovery chamber 4 inside the furnace body 1, the flue gas completes the primary heat exchange with the heat storage body 31 and the secondary heat exchange with the heat exchange component 7 in the waste heat recovery chamber 4 within the furnace body 1. This allows for the full recovery of waste heat from the flue gas without relying on external equipment, reducing the equipment footprint and system complexity. At the same time, the guide cavity 41 and the heat exchange cavity 42 are set in the waste heat recovery chamber 4 by the partition plate 5. With the guide component 6 guiding the flow direction of the flue gas, efficient contact between the flue gas and the heat exchange component 7 in the heat exchange cavity 42 is ensured, reducing heat loss during flue gas transmission and improving waste heat recovery efficiency.
[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the flow guiding assembly 6 includes a flow guiding cone 61 and multiple flow guiding plates 62. The flow guiding cone 61 is suspended above the partition plate 5 by the multiple flow guiding plates 62, and the lower end of the flow guiding plates 62 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the partition plate 5. The multiple flow guiding plates 62 are arranged in a ring array along the inner circumference of the bottom of the flow guiding cone 61, and a flow guiding channel 8 for flue gas to pass through is formed between two adjacent flow guiding plates 62. The partition plate 5 has multiple tube bundles 9 that penetrate the heat exchange chamber 42 in the middle. The bottom of the furnace body 1 is provided with a flue gas pipe 10, and the lower ends of the multiple tube bundles 9 are all connected to the flue gas pipe 10. A flue gas valve 11 is provided on the flue gas pipe 10. Specifically, the bottom of the flow guiding cone 61 is fixedly connected to the multiple partition plates 5. The exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the existing flue gas treatment equipment. After heat exchange in the heat storage chamber 3, the flue gas enters the guide chamber 41 and flows to the guide channel 8 between the guide plates 62 distributed in the annular array under the guidance of the guide cone 61. Then, it enters the heat exchange chamber 42 through the tube bundle 9 in the middle of the partition plate 5 and completes secondary heat exchange with the heat exchange medium (cooling water) in the heat exchange chamber 42. Finally, it is discharged to the flue gas treatment equipment through the exhaust pipe 10 connected to the tube bundle 9. The exhaust valve 11 can control the exhaust process. The guide cone 61 and the guide plates 62 in the annular array can regulate the flow direction of the flue gas and distribute it evenly to each guide channel 8, avoiding uneven heat exchange caused by flue gas turbulence.
[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchange assembly 7 includes multiple heat exchange fins 71, which are fixedly disposed within the heat exchange chamber 42. The upper ends of the heat exchange fins 71 extend into the guide channel 8, and adjacent heat exchange fins 71 are staggered along the guide direction of the guide channel 8. The furnace body 1 is provided with an inlet pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 13 connected to the heat exchange chamber 42. An inlet valve 14 is provided on the inlet pipe 12, and an outlet valve 15 is provided on the outlet pipe 13. The flue gas flowing into the tube bundle 9 from the guide channel 8 contacts the heat exchange fins 71 extending into the guide channel 8 to begin heat exchange. Due to the adjacent heat exchange... The fins 71 are staggered along the flow direction, and the flue gas is repeatedly guided during the flow process, which prolongs the contact time with the heat exchange fins 71. At the same time, cooling water enters the heat exchange chamber 42 through the inlet pipe 12, absorbs the heat of the flue gas through the heat exchange fins 71, and is discharged from the outlet pipe 13. The inlet valve 14 and the outlet valve 15 control the inlet and outlet flow rates of the cooling water, respectively. The heat exchange fins 71 and the tube bundle 9 are used to contact the flue gas and conduct heat, and must have good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. Users can select heat exchange fins 71 and tube bundle 9 of appropriate materials according to actual needs.
[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the furnace body 1 is provided with a cold air ring pipe 16. Multiple cold air output pipes 17 are evenly connected to the inner side of the cold air ring pipe 16. The output end of the cold air output pipe 17 extends into the guide cone 61 and is located above the guide cone 61. The cold air ring pipe 16 is connected to a cold air input pipe 18. Each cold air output pipe 17 is provided with a cold air valve 19, which is located on the outer side of the furnace body 1. The cold air input pipe 18 is used to connect with an external cold air source. When the heat storage chamber 3 is in the heat storage stage, the combustion chamber 2 is operating, the cold air valve 19 is closed, and the exhaust valve 11 is open. When the hot blast stove is supplying air to the blast furnace, the combustion chamber 2 stops operating, the exhaust valve 11 is closed, the cold air valve 19 is open, and the external cold air enters the cold air ring pipe 16 through the cold air input pipe 18. It is then transported to the upper part of the guide cavity 41 through the evenly distributed cold air output pipes 17 on the inner side of the ring pipe, and then passes through the heat storage body 31 to become hot air with the heat storage body 31.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the furnace body 1 is provided with a hot air output pipe 20 that is connected to the combustion chamber 2. The hot air output pipe 20 is provided with a hot air valve 21. During the heat storage stage of the heat storage chamber 3, the hot air valve 21 is closed. When the hot air stove supplies air to the blast furnace, the hot air valve 21 is opened. After the cold air exchanges heat with the heat storage body 31 to become hot air, it is delivered to the blast furnace through the hot air output pipe 20.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat storage body 31 is constructed of high-alumina bricks. The heat storage body 31 has multiple uniformly distributed, vertically extending variable-diameter through-holes 311 inside, with the upper diameter being smaller and the lower diameter larger. Specifically, a grate 23 for supporting the heat storage body 31 is fixed inside the furnace body 1. When high-temperature flue gas flows through the multiple vertically extending variable-diameter through-holes 311, the high-alumina bricks absorb and store the heat from the flue gas. When hot air needs to be supplied to the blast furnace, the heat storage body 31 releases the stored heat to heat the air flowing through the variable-diameter through-holes 311. The variable-diameter structure allows the high-temperature flue gas to flow faster at the smaller diameter at the upper end, enhancing heat transfer efficiency, while reducing resistance at the larger diameter at the lower end, ensuring smooth flue gas flow.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the furnace body 1 is provided with a combustion port 22 that communicates with the combustion chamber 2. The combustion port 22 is used to connect with an external burner. The external burner delivers fuel and combustion medium into the combustion chamber 2 through the combustion port 22 and ignites them. The fuel burns in the combustion chamber 2 to generate high-temperature flue gas, which provides a heat source for the hot air furnace, thus realizing direct connection between the combustion process and the combustion chamber 2.
[0034] Working principle:
[0035] An external burner delivers fuel and combustion medium into the combustion chamber 2 through combustion port 22 and ignites them. The generated high-temperature flue gas flows downward into the heat storage chamber 3, where it undergoes a heat exchange through the heat storage body 31, which absorbs and stores the heat. The flue gas then enters the guide cavity 41 of the waste heat recovery chamber 4. Guided by the guide cone 61 and the annular array guide plate 62 forming the guide channel 8, it passes through the tube bundle 9 on the partition plate 5 and into the heat exchange chamber 42, simultaneously contacting the staggered heat exchange fins 71 extending into the guide channel 8. Cooling water enters the heat exchange chamber 42 through the inlet pipe 12 and is then cooled and cooled. After absorbing heat from the flue gas, the hot fin plate 71 and tube bundle 9 are discharged from the water outlet pipe 13. The flue gas that has completed the secondary heat exchange is discharged to the flue gas treatment equipment through the exhaust pipe 10. The exhaust valve 11 controls the exhaust process. When the blast furnace is being blasted, the combustion chamber 2 stops working (the external burner stops operating), the exhaust valve 11 is closed, the cold air valve 19 and the hot air valve 21 are opened, and the external cold air enters the upper part of the guide cavity 41 through the cold air inlet pipe 18, the cold air ring pipe 16 and the cold air outlet pipe 17. It passes through the heat storage body 31, absorbs the heat stored therein and becomes hot air, and is finally delivered to the blast furnace through the hot air outlet pipe 20.
[0036] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting, characterized in that: The furnace includes a furnace body, which is provided with a combustion chamber, a heat storage chamber and a waste heat recovery chamber in sequence from top to bottom. The combustion chamber is used to generate high-temperature flue gas, the heat storage chamber is provided with a heat storage body, and the waste heat recovery chamber is used to receive the flue gas after heat exchange in the heat storage chamber and recover waste heat. The waste heat recovery chamber is fixedly equipped with a partition plate, which divides the waste heat recovery chamber from top to bottom into a flow guiding chamber and a heat exchange chamber. The flow guiding chamber is equipped with a flow guiding component to guide the flow direction of the flue gas, and the heat exchange chamber is equipped with a heat exchange component for heat exchange with the flue gas.
2. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding assembly includes a flow guiding cone and multiple flow guiding plates. The flow guiding cone is suspended above the partition plate by the multiple flow guiding plates, and the lower end of the flow guiding plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the partition plate. The multiple flow guiding plates are arranged in a ring array along the inner circumference of the bottom of the flow guiding cone, and a flow guiding channel for flue gas to pass through is formed between two adjacent flow guiding plates. The partition plate has multiple tube bundles that penetrate the heat exchange cavity in the middle. The bottom of the furnace body is provided with a flue pipe, and the lower ends of the multiple tube bundles are all connected to the flue pipe. A flue pipe is provided on the flue pipe.
3. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange assembly includes multiple heat exchange fins, which are fixedly disposed within the heat exchange cavity. The upper ends of the heat exchange fins extend into the flow guide channel, and adjacent heat exchange fins are staggered along the flow guide direction of the flow guide channel. The furnace body is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe that communicate with the heat exchange cavity. The inlet pipe is provided with an inlet valve, and the outlet pipe is provided with an outlet valve.
4. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with a cold air ring pipe, and multiple cold air output pipes are evenly connected to the inner side of the cold air ring pipe. The output end of the cold air output pipe extends into the flow guide and is located above the flow guide cone. The cold air ring pipe is connected to a cold air input pipe. Each of the cold air output pipes is provided with a cold air valve, and the cold air valve is located on the outside of the furnace body.
5. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with a hot air output pipe that communicates with the combustion chamber, and the hot air output pipe is provided with a hot air valve.
6. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage body is constructed of high-alumina bricks. The heat storage body has multiple uniformly distributed variable-diameter through holes that extend vertically inside. The variable-diameter through holes have a structure with a smaller diameter at the upper end and a larger diameter at the lower end.
7. A hot blast stove for blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with a combustion port that communicates with the combustion chamber, and the combustion port is used to connect with an external burner.