Concrete gravity dam downstream slope sticking structure type

Abstract

The utility model discloses a concrete gravity dam downstream slope structure type, including concrete dam body, bridle path, guardrail, downstream slope, green planting system, drainage pipe network, bridle path is arranged in the slope section interval many sections. Guardrail is reinforced concrete entity guardrail, and downstream slope is surplus abandoned earthwork layer backfill structure, and planting soil layer is laid on downstream slope top, and green planting layer is located on planting soil layer, and drainage pipe network includes bag broken stone inverse filter geotextile, longitudinal drainage flower pipe and vertical drainage flower pipe, and longitudinal drainage flower pipe passes through concrete guardrail, and extends to downstream planting soil layer, and vertical drainage flower pipe will different elevation's longitudinal drainage flower pipe be connected in series, and form drainage pipe network, the utility model discloses adopt the step type downstream dam slope structure and downstream slope backfill structure, improve earthwork balance's while, create conditions for dam slope landscape greening, have the advantages such as improving the utilization of abandoned earthwork, improving ecological integration degree, construction safety, low green planting system maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to concrete gravity dam structures in water conservancy and hydropower projects, specifically to a downstream slope-adhering structure of a reservoir pass water-retaining concrete gravity dam that comprehensively utilizes stepped dam slopes, backfilling of soil and rock on the backwater side, and ecological greening of topsoil. Background Technology

[0002] For large reservoirs, secondary dams are often built at mountain passes within the reservoir area. Since the sites of these secondary dams are often far from the main reservoir, concrete gravity dams are commonly used to facilitate later operation and management. Concrete gravity dams are hydraulic structures that rely on their own weight to impound water. The downstream slope is typically a 1:0.6-1:0.8 gradient, which is quite steep and has a monotonous shape, making it difficult to integrate into the surrounding ecological environment.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN210049203U discloses a greening structure for the back slope of a concrete dam, comprising a steel mesh laid on the slope of the concrete dam, concrete beams extending horizontally along the slope, and topsoil with grass seeds covering the surface of the steel mesh and concrete beams. Greening can be carried out on the topsoil while ensuring slope stability, making it suitable for dam construction within scenic areas. However, the construction and maintenance of this greening structure are challenging.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN202210674060.6 discloses a downstream slope structure for a concrete gravity dam, including a stepped walkway, walkway railings, and a walkway greening system. However, this structure is more commonly used for gravity dams in riverbed hub areas. For gravity secondary dams in reservoir areas with small dam heights that only serve a water-retaining function, the greening rate of this structure is relatively low.

[0005] In general, existing downstream slope structures for concrete gravity dams present challenges such as difficulty in integrating with the surrounding ecological environment, high difficulty and cost in vegetation maintenance. Improving the downstream slope design and enhancing its ecological function without compromising slope stability is a crucial technical issue that current water conservancy projects, advocating for energy conservation and ecological sustainability, need to address. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to improve upon the shortcomings of conventional concrete gravity dams in mountain pass terrain, which are difficult to integrate into the surrounding ecological environment and have high difficulty in maintaining vegetation and greening. This invention proposes a downstream slope-adhering structure for concrete gravity dams, employing a stepped downstream slope structure. On one hand, soil and rock are used for backfilling the downstream slope, solving the problem of excess waste utilization, improving the earthwork balance, and creating conditions for slope landscaping. On the other hand, the downstream slope steps serve as a water collection pool, with buried PVC drainage pipes, solving the problem of water accumulation on the slope while providing favorable conditions for irrigating the planting soil.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0008] This utility model discloses a downstream slope structure for a concrete gravity dam, comprising a concrete dam body as a water-retaining foundation. Multiple sections of walkways are arranged along the sloping section of the concrete dam body for construction operations and water collection. Guardrails are installed on the outer side of the walkways to collect water and prevent overflow. The downstream side of the concrete dam body 1 utilizes excess excavated soil and rock in layers to form a downstream slope, achieving both waste utilization and dam slope protection. A greening system layer is laid on the downstream slope. The structure also includes a drainage network located within the downstream slope. From top to bottom, the drainage network comprises several longitudinal drainage pipes at different elevations. Several vertical drainage pipes are arranged below the greening system layer. These vertical drainage pipes can be connected in series with the longitudinal drainage pipes to drain water accumulated in the walkways and downstream slope, reduce water pressure in the slope layer, and irrigate the planting soil layer. The positional relationship between the concrete dam body and the downstream slope is as follows: the concrete dam body is located on the upstream side to block water, and the downstream slope is located downstream of it. Relying on the dam body, the downstream slope plays a role in backfilling protection and ecological greening foundation for the downstream slope of the dam body.

[0009] Preferably, the greening system layer includes a planting soil layer and a greening layer. The planting soil layer is laid on top of the downstream slope, and the greening layer is located on the planting soil layer. The greening layer consists of plants adapted to the location of the concrete dam to enhance ecological integration.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end of each of the longitudinal drainage pipes passes through a guardrail and its lower end extends to the downstream planting soil layer, and the upper inlet of the drainage pipe is provided with a gravel-covered reverse filter geotextile.

[0011] Preferably, the vertical drainage pipe is a PVC drainage pipe, and the longitudinal drainage pipe is a PVC drainage pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the guardrail is a solid reinforced concrete guardrail.

[0013] Preferably, the vertical spacing between the walkways is adjusted according to the concrete pouring height of the dam body, and the width of the walkways is adjusted accordingly based on the product of the vertical spacing and the downstream slope ratio to ensure structural adaptability.

[0014] Preferably, the inclination angle of the longitudinal drainage pipes in the drainage network can be adjusted according to the height of the walkway interval and the elevation of the downstream ground to improve the drainage efficiency of the planting soil layer.

[0015] Preferably, the inclination angle of the vertical drainage pipes in the drainage network is adjusted according to the downstream slope ratio to enhance the drainage effect of the planting soil layer.

[0016] Preferably, the downstream slope top is integrated with the dam crest road surface structure, and the two structures are identical to increase the width of the dam crest road surface. Increasing the width of the dam crest road surface can serve as part of the greening system layer, thereby improving the greening rate.

[0017] Preferably, the thickness and compaction of each layer of the downstream slope-adhesive layered backfill structure meet the standards for water conservancy earthwork construction, and layered paving and compaction are adopted to ensure structural stability.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1) Improve the utilization rate of waste material. Use earth and rock backfill to treat the downstream slope of the gravity dam, effectively utilize the excess waste material of the project, and create conditions for achieving earth and rock balance.

[0020] 2) Enhance ecological integration. Planting soil is laid on the slope, and greening crops are planted according to landscape requirements to achieve ecological integration between the concrete gravity dam and the natural landscape.

[0021] 3) Construction safety. The downstream dam slope adopts a stepped structure. The height of the walkway is determined in conjunction with the concrete dam section pouring height. The walkway can also serve as a construction platform, solving the difficulties of traditional downstream dam slope freestanding formwork. This not only ensures construction safety but also facilitates vertical concrete vibration and venting, and guarantees better surface quality of the poured concrete.

[0022] 4) Low maintenance cost of the greening system. PVC drainage pipes are buried in the downstream slope to form a drainage network that extends to the planting soil layer. This effectively removes water accumulation in the slope, reduces water pressure in the slope layer, and irrigates the planting soil, which is beneficial to the growth of green plants and reduces maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the slope-attached structure of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a detailed drawing of the drainage pipe attached to the slope of this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Concrete dam; 2-Walkway; 3-Guardrail; 4-Downstream slope; 5-Green layer; 51-Planting soil layer; 52-Green layer; 6-Drainage pipe network; 61-Geotextile wrapped with crushed stone filter; 62-Longitudinal drainage pipe; 63-Vertical drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following will refer to the appendix in the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 1-2The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0027] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0028] Utility Model Technical Principle / Solution: This utility model addresses the ecological and construction challenges of concrete gravity dams in mountain pass terrain, proposing a downstream slope-adhering structure. The core of this solution is a comprehensive approach combining "stepped dam slope + earth and rock backfill + ecological greening + drainage network." Specifically:

[0029] 1. Structural Components: Includes a concrete dam body 1, a walkway 2, guardrails 3, a downstream slope 4, a greening system layer 5, and a drainage network 6. The walkway 2 is arranged in sections to form steps, the guardrails 3 collect water, the downstream slope 4 is backfilled with excavated material, the greening system layer 5 is covered with a planting soil layer 51 and planted with low-maintenance plants, and the drainage network 6 is connected in series with PVC pipes for drainage.

[0030] 2. Design: The height of the walkway 2 matches the concrete pouring height of the dam body, and the width is determined by the slope ratio and the interval height; the inclination angle of the drainage pipe network 6 is adjusted in combination with the walkway interval, ground elevation, and slope ratio to optimize the drainage and irrigation effect; the top of the downstream slope 4 is combined with the dam top road surface to expand the green space.

[0031] like Figure 1-2 One specific embodiment is shown:

[0032] Construction and assembly of one component of the concrete dam body 1:

[0033] Following conventional gravity dam construction techniques, concrete is poured in layers and sections to control the quality of pouring and the strength of the dam body, serving as the core of the entire structure for water retention.

[0034] Walkway 2: The vertical spacing of the walkway is determined based on the height of the concrete compartments of the dam body. The width can be determined by calculating the product of the slope ratio and the spacing height. It is constructed using formwork and concrete pouring, and can be constructed simultaneously with the dam body or poured in a secondary manner later.

[0035] Guardrail 3: Constructed of reinforced concrete. Formwork is erected on the outside of walkway 2, and reinforcing bars are tied (reinforcement ratio calculated based on structural stress, e.g.) (Double-layered and bidirectional) concrete is poured to form a solid guardrail, with a height controlled between 0.3-0.5m, serving the functions of water collection and safety protection.

[0036] Downstream Slope Protection 4: Utilize excavated soil and rock from the project for layered backfilling. Each backfill layer should be 0.3-0.5m thick, compacted using rollers to achieve a compaction degree ≥95%, until the designed slope ratio (e.g., 1:1.5) is reached, forming a stable slope protection structure. Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, reference numeral 4 corresponds to a partial enlarged view of the downstream slope 4.

[0037] Greening system layer 5: Lay a planting soil layer 51 (e.g., 0.3-0.5m) thick on the downstream slope 4 surface, using soil with moderate fertility and good permeability; select low-maintenance plants, such as bermudagrass and firethorn shrubs, according to the local climate and ecology, and sow or plant them at intervals of 0.2-1m to construct an ecological greening layer.

[0038] Drainage network 6: Longitudinal drainage pipes 62 are made of PVC pipes, such as pipe diameter 100-150mm, with the pipe opening wrapped with crushed stone filter geotextile 61 (such as crushed stone particle size 20-30mm, geotextile permeability coefficient).

[0039] ≥1×10-3 c The pipe body is wrapped with non-woven geotextile; holes are reserved in guardrail 3, the longitudinal flower pipe is passed through and fixed, and extended to the planting soil layer 51. The inclination angle is adjusted according to the bridle spacing and ground elevation (e.g., if the bridle spacing is 3m and the ground is 2m lower, the angle is set to 30°-45°); the vertical drainage flower pipe 63 is made of the same material, and the longitudinal flower pipes at different elevations are connected in series. The inclination angle matches the slope of the downstream slope 4 (e.g., when the slope is 1:1.5, the angle is set to 25°-35°) to form a through drainage system.

[0040] II. Working Principle and Process

[0041] Water collection stage: When it rains, rainwater falls on the surface of the horse trail 2 and is blocked by the guardrail 3, and then collects in the horse trail to form a slope water flow; at the same time, rainwater infiltrates into the downstream slope 4 and forms water accumulation between the soil layer and the dam body.

[0042] Drainage and Irrigation Stage: Water accumulated on the walkway 2 and slope is collected through longitudinal drainage pipes 62 and guided in series through vertical drainage pipes 63. Utilizing the inclined design of the pipes and gravity, the water is discharged into the downstream planting soil layer 51. On the one hand, draining the accumulated water on the slope reduces water pressure within the layer, preventing slope instability; on the other hand, the accumulated water replenishes the moisture in the planting soil, providing irrigation for the growth of the green vegetation layer 52 and reducing the need for manual maintenance.

[0043] Ecological and construction synergy: The backfilling of earth and stone on the downstream slope 4 and the planting of green vegetation layer 52 make the dam body blend into the natural environment; during construction, the walkway 2 serves as an operating platform to facilitate construction personnel to carry out dam body formwork erection, vibration and other operations, solve the safety hazards of traditional sloping dam construction, and improve the quality of concrete pouring, such as vibration compaction and full removal of air bubbles, to ensure the structural performance of the dam body.

[0044] In summary, this utility model has the following technical features / effects: 1. Efficient utilization of waste: Excess soil and rock from the project are used to backfill the downstream slope 4, reducing the land occupied by waste stockpiling, promoting soil and rock balance, and reducing the cost of waste disposal. 2. Deep ecological integration: A planting soil layer 51 and a green vegetation layer 52 are laid on the downstream slope 4, connecting the concrete dam body with the natural landscape, enhancing the ecological aesthetics of the area, and contributing to the ecological transformation of water conservancy projects. 3. Safe and high-quality construction: The stepped walkway 2 also serves as a construction platform, solving the problem of traditional formwork erection on the open face of the dam slope, facilitating concrete vibration and air release, improving pouring quality, and ensuring the safety of construction personnel. 4. Convenient greening maintenance: The drainage network 6 effectively drains water accumulated on the slope, reducing water pressure within the layer, while simultaneously replenishing water for the planting soil layer 51, which is beneficial to the growth of the green vegetation layer 52, reducing manual irrigation and drainage maintenance work, and saving costs.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of this utility model should be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A downstream slope-adhering structure type for a concrete gravity dam, characterized in that, The structure includes a concrete dam body (1) serving as the water-retaining foundation. Multiple sections of the sloping section of the concrete dam body (1) are provided with walkways (2) for construction operations and water collection. Guardrails (3) are installed on the outer side of the walkways (2) to collect water and prevent overflow. The downstream side of the concrete dam body (1) utilizes excess excavated soil and rock in layers to form a downstream slope (4) for both waste utilization and dam slope protection. A green vegetation system layer (5) is laid on the downstream slope (4). It also includes a drainage network (6) located in the downstream slope (4). The drainage network (6) from top to bottom includes several longitudinal drainage flower pipes (62) at different elevations. Several vertical drainage flower pipes (63) are provided below the greening system layer (5). The vertical drainage flower pipes (63) can be used to connect several longitudinal drainage flower pipes (62) in series to drain the water accumulated in the walkway (2) and the downstream slope (4), reduce the water pressure of the slope layer, and irrigate the planting soil layer (51).

2. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The greening system layer (5) includes a planting soil layer (51) and a greening layer (52). The planting soil layer (51) is laid on the upper part of the downstream slope (4), and the greening layer (52) is located on the planting soil layer (51). The greening layer (52) is a plant adapted to the location of the concrete dam body (1) to enhance the ecological integration.

3. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the longitudinal drainage pipes (62) has its upper end passing through a guardrail (3) and its lower end extending to the downstream planting soil layer (51). The upper inlet of the drainage pipe (62) is provided with a gravel-covered reverse filter geotextile (61).

4. A downstream slope-adhering structure type for a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The vertical drainage pipe (63) is a PVC drainage pipe, and the longitudinal drainage pipe (62) is a PVC drainage pipe.

5. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guardrail (3) is a solid reinforced concrete guardrail.

6. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical spacing between the walkways (2) is adjusted according to the concrete pouring height of the dam body, and the width of the walkways (2) is adjusted according to the product of the vertical spacing and the downstream slope ratio to ensure structural compatibility.

7. A downstream slope-adhering structure type of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the longitudinal drainage pipe (62) in the drainage network (6) is adjusted in combination with the height of the walkway (2) and the elevation of the downstream ground to improve the drainage efficiency of the planting soil layer (51).

8. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the vertical drainage pipe (63) in the drainage network (6) is adjusted according to the slope of the downstream slope (4) to enhance the drainage effect of the planting soil layer (51).

9. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downstream slope (4) is combined with the dam top road surface structure and the two structures are identical to increase the width of the dam top road surface.

10. The downstream slope-adhering structure of a concrete gravity dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downstream slope (4) layered backfill structure adopts layered paving and compaction to ensure structural stability.

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