Tail beam coal breaking mechanism and top coal caving hydraulic support

Abstract

The application provides a tail beam coal breaking mechanism and a top coal hydraulic support, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic supports. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism comprises a mounting plate and a plurality of cutting tooth assemblies arranged on the mounting plate. One end of the mounting plate is connected with a side guard plate, and the other end extends between the two side guard plates. The cutting tooth assemblies and the side guard plates form a first included angle, so that the cutting tooth assemblies can act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking strength of the cutting tooth. Meanwhile, the cutting tooth assemblies on the same mounting plate are distributed in a fan shape and form a second included angle. This can form a complementary cutting area for adjacent cutting teeth during operation, reduce repeated operation, significantly improve the coal breaking efficiency, and disperse the coal breaking force to multiple cutting teeth, avoiding excessive wear or damage of a single cutting tooth due to excessive stress, prolonging the service life of the cutting tooth and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of hydraulic support technology, and in particular relates to a tail beam coal breaking mechanism and a top coal caving hydraulic support. Background Technology

[0002] Longwall top-coal caving is a high-yield and efficient coal mining method. The hydraulic support for top-coal caving is a crucial component of the "three machines" (mechanical equipment, machinery, and equipment) in coal mining. The support controls coal release freely through a tail beam mechanism and uses racks and pinions on the cutting plate to crush large pieces of coal. In actual operation, coal release is generally not performed at the rear end of the top-coal caving transition support at the scraper conveyor head. If large pieces of coal appear on the rear scraper conveyor, blockages often occur in the rear transport system, leading to damage to the hydraulic support and scraper conveyor equipment.

[0003] In existing technologies, when large pieces of coal become stuck in the rear scraper conveyor, manual crushing is generally required to ensure the normal operation of the working face equipment. This process is extremely difficult and labor-intensive. While some improved solutions have added coal-crushing elements such as cutting teeth to the tail beam guard plate, these teeth are mostly arranged in a straight line, resulting in a single coal-crushing angle and high overlap between the working areas of adjacent cutting teeth. This not only leads to low coal-crushing efficiency but also increases the risk of excessive wear on the cutting teeth due to excessive local stress, thus increasing equipment maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a tail beam coal breaking mechanism and a top coal caving hydraulic support. By using the first angle formed by the mounting plate and the guard plate, the cutting tooth assembly can act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking force of the cutting tooth. At the same time, the cutting tooth assemblies on the same mounting plate are distributed in a fan shape and form a second angle, which allows adjacent cutting teeth to form complementary cutting areas during operation, reducing repetitive operations and significantly improving coal breaking efficiency. This solves the problems of low coal breaking efficiency and high equipment maintenance costs of existing tail beam coal breaking elements.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a tail beam coal breaking mechanism, wherein the coal breaking mechanism is disposed on the left side guard plate and / or the right side guard plate of the tail beam, characterized in that: the coal breaking mechanism includes an mounting plate and a plurality of cutting tooth assemblies disposed on the mounting plate;

[0006] One end of the mounting plate is connected to the left guard plate and / or the right guard plate, and the other end of the mounting plate extends between the left guard plate and the right guard plate. The mounting plate forms a first angle with the left guard plate or the right guard plate, that is, the cutting tooth assembly forms a first angle with the left guard plate or the right guard plate.

[0007] Multiple cutting tooth assemblies on the same mounting plate are arranged in a fan shape, with a second included angle between adjacent cutting tooth assemblies. The first included angle ranges from 10° to 30°, and the second included angle ranges from 10° to 30°. This angle design can ensure coal breaking efficiency while adapting to the needs of different types of hydraulic supports and coal seam geological conditions.

[0008] In one feasible implementation, the cutting tooth assembly includes a cutting tooth base, cutting teeth, a tooth shoe, and a retaining ring;

[0009] The cutting tooth holder is disposed on the mounting plate, the tooth shoe is assembled in the cutting tooth holder, the cutting tooth is assembled in the tooth shoe, and the cutting tooth and the tooth shoe are rotatably connected;

[0010] The retaining ring is disposed on the toothed shoe and engages with the cutting tooth.

[0011] In one feasible implementation, the cutting tooth includes a shank portion and a tooth tip portion, wherein the shank portion and the tooth tip portion are an integral structure;

[0012] The tooth shank is disposed inside the toothed boot, and the tooth tip extends out of the toothed boot;

[0013] The tooth tip has a pointed tip at the top, the pointed tip has a triangular pyramid structure, and the outer surface of the tooth tip has multiple protrusions, which are distributed in a spiral shape.

[0014] In one feasible implementation, the outer surface of the cutting tooth is provided with an anti-corrosion coating, and the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating on the raised outer surface is greater than the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating on other parts of the cutting tooth.

[0015] The cutting tooth has a reinforcing core inside its tip, and the reinforcing core extends into the tip of the cutting tooth.

[0016] In one feasible implementation, the toothed shoe is provided with a lubrication groove filled with grease, and the position of the lubrication groove is adapted to the rotation trajectory of the cutting tooth.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, the tail beam coal breaking mechanism further includes a reinforcing component configured to increase the strength of the left side guard plate or the right side guard plate;

[0018] The reinforcing component includes a connecting plate, one end of which is fixed to the tail beam body, and the other end is connected to the bottom end of the mounting plate.

[0019] The connecting plate, the left protective plate, and the right protective plate are parallel to each other;

[0020] The tail beam body, the connecting plate, the mounting plate, and the left or right guard plate are sequentially fixedly connected to form a box structure.

[0021] In one feasible implementation, the reinforcing component further includes a reinforcing rib, which is fixed to the tail beam body, and the end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting plate.

[0022] The reinforcing rib is perpendicular to the connecting plate, the left side guard plate, and the right side guard plate.

[0023] In one feasible implementation, the tail beam coal breaking mechanism further includes an adjustment component;

[0024] The adjustment component is disposed between the mounting plate and the left side guard plate or the right side guard plate, and the adjustment component is configured to adjust the size of the first included angle.

[0025] In one feasible implementation, the adjusting assembly includes an inner screw barrel, a first screw, and a second screw;

[0026] The inner walls on both sides of the inner screw are respectively provided with internal threads in opposite directions. The inner walls on both sides of the inner screw are respectively screwed to the outer walls of the first screw and the second screw. The outer ends of the first screw and the second screw are respectively hinged to the mounting plate and the left guard plate or the right guard plate.

[0027] Secondly, this application embodiment also provides a top coal caving hydraulic support, including a base, a column, a four-bar linkage, a front beam, a top beam, a shield beam, a tail beam, and a coal breaking mechanism as described above;

[0028] The front beam, the top beam, the shield beam, and the tail beam are connected in sequence. The two ends of the column are connected to the base and the top beam, respectively. The two ends of the four-bar linkage are hinged to the base and the shield beam, respectively.

[0029] The coal breaking mechanism is provided on both the left and right guard plates of the tail beam.

[0030] This application provides a tail beam coal breaking mechanism and a top coal caving hydraulic support. The coal breaking mechanism is installed on the left and / or right side guard plates of the tail beam. The coal breaking mechanism includes an mounting plate and multiple cutting tooth assemblies installed on the mounting plate. One end of the mounting plate is connected to the side guard plates, and the other end extends between the two side guard plates, so that the cutting tooth assembly and the side guard plates form a first angle. This allows the cutting tooth assembly to act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking force of the cutting tooth. At the same time, the cutting tooth assemblies on the same mounting plate are distributed in a fan shape and form a second angle, which allows adjacent cutting teeth to form complementary cutting areas during operation, reducing repetitive operations and significantly improving coal breaking efficiency. Furthermore, the fan-shaped distribution of the cutting tooth assembly can distribute the coal breaking force to multiple cutting teeth, avoiding wear or damage to a single cutting tooth due to excessive force, extending the service life of the cutting teeth, and reducing equipment maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a tail beam coal breaking mechanism provided in this application;

[0032] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Front view sectional view;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tooth assembly and its connection structure;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the cutting tooth assembly;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the cutting tooth;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of another tail beam coal breaking mechanism provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment components and their connection structure;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic support for top coal caving provided in this application.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1-Base; 2-Column; 3-Four-bar linkage; 4-Front beam; 5-Top beam; 6-Shield beam; 7-Tail beam; 8-Coal breaking mechanism;

[0041] 100 - Mounting plate; 200 - Cutting tooth assembly; 300 - Reinforcing assembly; 400 - Adjustment assembly; 500 - Reinforcing plate;

[0042] 210-Cutting tooth holder; 220-Cutting tooth; 230-Gear shoe; 240-Snap ring; 310-Connecting plate; 320-Reinforcing rib; 410-Inner threaded barrel; 420-First screw; 430-Second screw;

[0043] 221-Stalk portion; 222-Tooth tip portion; 223-Tip; 224-Protrusion; 225-Anti-corrosion coating; 226-Reinforcing core; 227-Lubrication groove. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] Currently, traditional tail beam coal breaking methods rely primarily on the swinging or squeezing of the tail beam itself to break coal. The breaking range is limited to the area directly beneath the tail beam, making it difficult to effectively break coal near the side guard plates, easily creating "dead coal zones" and reducing coal recovery rates. While some improved solutions add coal breaking elements such as cutting teeth to the tail beam guard plates, these teeth are often arranged in a straight line or at a fixed angle, resulting in a single breaking angle and high overlap between the working areas of adjacent cutting teeth. This not only leads to low breaking efficiency but also exacerbates tooth wear due to excessive local stress, increasing equipment maintenance costs. Furthermore, the existing coal breaking structure is mostly rigidly fixed to the guard plates, making it difficult to adjust the breaking angle according to the coal seam hardness, resulting in poor adaptability and severely restricting the production efficiency of the fully mechanized mining face.

[0046] The tail beam coal breaking mechanism provided in this application has a first included angle between the cutting tooth assembly 200 and the side guard plate, which allows the cutting tooth assembly 200 to act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking force of the cutting tooth. At the same time, the cutting tooth assemblies 200 on the same mounting plate 100 are distributed in a fan shape and form a second included angle, which allows adjacent cutting teeth to form complementary cutting areas during operation, reducing repeated operations and significantly improving coal breaking efficiency. Furthermore, the fan-shaped distribution of the cutting tooth assembly 200 can distribute the coal breaking force to multiple cutting teeth, avoiding wear or damage to a single cutting tooth due to excessive force, extending the service life of the cutting teeth, and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0047] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the specific structure of the tail beam coal breaking mechanism and the hydraulic support for top coal caving provided in this application.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] Reference Figures 1-5As shown, this application embodiment provides a tail beam coal breaking mechanism, which is disposed on the left and / or right side guard plates of the tail beam. The coal breaking mechanism includes a mounting plate 100 and a plurality of cutting tooth assemblies 200 disposed on the mounting plate 100.

[0050] One end of the mounting plate 100 is connected to the left guard plate and / or the right guard plate, and the other end of the mounting plate 100 extends between the left guard plate and the right guard plate. The mounting plate 100 forms a first angle with the left guard plate or the right guard plate, that is, the cutting tooth assembly 200 forms a first angle with the left guard plate or the right guard plate.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, A represents the first included angle. It can be seen that the bottom end of the mounting plate 100 is connected to the upper or top end of the left side guard plate. The bottom end of the mounting plate 100 extends between the left and right side guard plates, and the mounting plate 100 is not in contact with the left side guard plate, forming the first included angle between them. Multiple cutting tooth assemblies 200 are installed on the mounting plate 100, and each of these assemblies forms the first included angle with the left side guard plate, allowing the cutting tooth assemblies 200 to act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking force. The angle A of the first included angle is in the range of 10°-30°, and is preferably 23° in this embodiment. This angle ensures that the cutting tooth assembly forms the optimal cutting depth in the hard coal seam while avoiding interference with adjacent equipment.

[0052] Multiple cutting tooth assemblies 200 on the same mounting plate 100 are arranged in a fan shape, with adjacent cutting tooth assemblies 200 forming a second included angle, such as... Figure 3 As described above, B in the figure represents the second included angle. Three cutting tooth assemblies 200 are mounted on the mounting plate 100, arranged in a fan shape. Specifically, the top of the front cutting tooth assembly 200 is tilted forward, the middle cutting tooth assembly 200 is vertically positioned, and the top of the rear cutting tooth assembly 200 is tilted backward. This design allows adjacent cutting teeth to form complementary cutting areas during operation, reducing repetitive work and significantly improving coal breaking efficiency. The angle B of the second included angle ranges from 10° to 30°, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 21°. This angle ensures that the working areas of adjacent cutting teeth have neither overlap nor gaps, achieving complete coverage of the coal breaking range.

[0053] The specific angles of the first included angle A and the second included angle B can be set according to the model of the top coal caving hydraulic support and the actual working environment.

[0054] The tail beam coal breaking mechanism provided in this application embodiment has the following advantages:

[0055] 1. Expand the coal breaking range: By connecting one end of the mounting plate 100 to the left and / or right guard plate of the tail beam, and extending the other end between the guard plates, the cutting tooth assembly 200 can cover the area near the tail beam body and the guard plates on both sides, effectively breaking large pieces of coal, avoiding blockage in the rear transportation, eliminating the "dead coal zone" in the traditional structure, and improving the coal resource recovery rate.

[0056] 2. Improve coal breaking efficiency: The first angle formed by the mounting plate 100 and the guard plate allows the cutting tooth assembly to act on the coal seam at an inclined angle, increasing the cutting depth and coal breaking force of the cutting tooth; at the same time, the cutting tooth assembly 200 on the same mounting plate is distributed in a fan shape and forms a second angle, which allows adjacent cutting teeth to form complementary cutting areas during operation, reducing repeated operations and significantly improving coal breaking efficiency.

[0057] 3. Reduce equipment wear: The fan-shaped distribution of the cutting teeth assembly can distribute the coal crushing force to multiple cutting teeth, avoiding wear or damage to individual cutting teeth due to excessive force, extending the service life of the cutting teeth and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0058] Reference Figures 3-5 As shown, in some embodiments, the cutting tooth assembly 200 includes a cutting tooth base 210, a cutting tooth 220, a tooth shoe 230, and a retaining ring 240;

[0059] The cutting tooth holder 210 is integrally cast from high-strength alloy steel. Its bottom is fixed to the preset mounting position of the mounting plate 100 by bolt fastening or welding. The top is provided with a stepped assembly cavity adapted to the tooth shoe 230. The inner wall of the cavity is processed with a wear-resistant coating to reduce long-term assembly wear.

[0060] The toothed shoe 230 is a hollow cylindrical structure. Its outer wall is interference-fitted with the assembly cavity of the cutting tooth base 210, while its inner wall has a rotating cavity for accommodating the cutting tooth 220. A self-lubricating bearing plate is embedded at the bottom of the cavity to reduce the friction coefficient of the cutting tooth 220 during rotation. The shank of the cutting tooth 220 is inserted into the rotating cavity of the toothed shoe 230. The end of the shank is machined with an annular groove, which forms a rotating pair with the bearing plate on the inner wall of the toothed shoe 230. This allows the cutting tooth 220 to automatically adjust its cutting angle according to the reaction force of the coal seam during coal breaking operations, achieving 360° flexible rotation.

[0061] The retaining ring 240 is an open annular elastic element made of spring steel, with an outer diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the pre-set groove on the top of the toothed shoe 230. During assembly, the retaining ring 240 is compressed to shrink and embed into the groove of the toothed shoe 230. When released, the retaining ring 240 naturally springs open, and its inner ring engages with the annular groove of the tooth shank of the cutting tooth 220, forming an axial limiting structure. This structure prevents the cutting tooth 220 from dislodging from the toothed shoe 230 during high-speed rotation without affecting the free rotation of the cutting tooth 220.

[0062] Reference Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the cutting tooth 220 includes a shank portion 221 and a tooth tip portion 222, which are formed into an integral structure by an integral forging process without splicing welds, ensuring that the cutting tooth will not break due to insufficient connection strength when subjected to severe impact loads.

[0063] The toothed shank 221 has a cylindrical structure, and its outer diameter is precisely matched with the rotating cavity of the toothed shoe 230. The outer wall is heat-treated to improve wear resistance. The toothed shank 221 is completely set inside the toothed shoe 230, forming a tightly fitted rotating pair with the inner wall of the toothed shoe.

[0064] The tip of the tooth 222 has a tapered and gradually tapering structure, gradually contracting from the connection end with the tooth shank 221 towards the top, and extending out of the tooth shoe 230 to directly contact the coal seam.

[0065] The tip 222 has a pointed tip 223 at the top. The pointed tip adopts a triangular pyramid structure design. All three edges are ground to form sharp cutting edges. The included angle between the edges can be 30°-45° to ensure stress concentration during coal breaking. It can concentrate the coal breaking force at the cutting edge position, significantly improving the initial cutting ability of the cutting tooth to the coal seam. Especially when mining hard coal seams, it can effectively reduce the driving force required for coal breaking and reduce energy consumption.

[0066] The outer surface of the tooth tip 222 is uniformly covered with multiple protrusions 224. These protrusions are hemispherical or pyramidal in shape, with a height of 2-5 mm, and are arranged in a spiral pattern along the axis of the tooth tip. When the cutting tooth rotates, the spirally distributed protrusions 224 can form a spiral cutting trajectory on the coal seam, expanding the effective area of ​​single coal breaking; at the same time, the protrusions can use shear force to cut the coal seam into small pieces, avoiding the phenomenon of large pieces of coal blocking, improving coal breaking efficiency and the uniformity of coal piece size.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the outer surface of the cutting tooth 220 is entirely covered with an anti-corrosion coating 225. The anti-corrosion coating 225 can be prepared using a zinc-nickel alloy electroplating process, resulting in a uniform coating thickness and strong adhesion to the cutting tooth substrate. The zinc-nickel alloy anti-corrosion coating 225 can isolate the cutting tooth substrate from corrosive media such as moisture and sulfides in the coal seam, significantly reducing the corrosion rate of the cutting tooth, and extending its service life, especially in humid underground environments.

[0068] Among them, the anti-corrosion coating 225 on the raised area 224 of the outer surface of the tooth tip 222 is thicker than the coating thickness of other parts of the cutting tooth. The differentiated coating thickness design achieves targeted protection. The thickened anti-corrosion coating in the raised area 224 specifically strengthens the main wear parts in the coal breaking process. While ensuring the overall anti-corrosion performance, it reduces the problem of the raised area failing due to excessive wear and maintains the durability of the spiral cutting effect.

[0069] Inside the tip 223 of the cutting tooth 220, a reinforcing core 226 is embedded. The reinforcing core is made of high-strength alloy steel and has a diameter of 3-5mm. Its top end extends to the apex of the tip 223, and its bottom end penetrates into the lower middle part of the tooth tip 222, forming a metallurgical bond with the cutting tooth body to ensure effective force transmission.

[0070] Furthermore, in some embodiments, an annular lubrication groove 227 is provided on the inner wall of the toothed shoe 230. The lubrication groove is located at the middle position in the height direction of the toothed shoe, has a U-shaped cross section, a depth of 2-3 mm, and a width of 5-8 mm, which corresponds completely to the rotation trajectory of the tooth shank 221 of the cutting tooth 220.

[0071] The lubrication groove 227 is filled with high-temperature lithium-based grease, which has a dropping point temperature of over 150°C and can maintain stable lubrication performance in high-temperature downhole environments.

[0072] An elastic sealing ring is provided at the opening of the lubrication groove to prevent the grease from being lost too quickly during the rotation of the cutting teeth, and at the same time to prevent coal dust from entering the groove and contaminating the grease.

[0073] In addition, the outer wall of the toothed shoe 230 is provided with a grease injection hole that communicates with the lubrication groove, which can be used to replenish grease regularly with a special tool to ensure long-term lubrication effect.

[0074] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the tail beam coal breaking mechanism also includes a reinforcing component 300, which is specifically configured to enhance the structural strength of the mounting plate and side guard plate to cope with the lateral impact force generated during coal breaking operations.

[0075] The reinforcing component 300 includes a connecting plate 310, which can be cut and formed from a high-strength steel plate with a thickness of 10-15mm. After sandblasting and rust removal, the surface is coated with an anti-rust primer. One end of the connecting plate 310 is fixed to the preset connecting seat of the tail beam body by a set of high-strength bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mounting plate 100 by welding.

[0076] The connecting plate 310 is parallel to the left guard plate and the right guard plate. Thus, the tail beam body, the connecting plate 310, the mounting plate 100 and the left guard plate or the right guard plate are fixedly connected in sequence to form a closed box structure. The cross-section of the box is a right trapezoid, and a stable force transmission path is formed inside.

[0077] The enclosed box structure distributes the load generated during coal breaking evenly to the tail beam body and the guard plate through the coordinated force of multiple components, thereby increasing the deformation resistance of the left and right guard plates by more than 40% and effectively preventing the guard plates from bending or tearing due to excessive local stress.

[0078] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the reinforcing component 300 further includes reinforcing ribs 320;

[0079] The reinforcing rib 320 can be made of alloy steel plate by stamping, with a cross-section of right triangle. One right-angled side of the reinforcing rib 320 is fixed to the outer wall of the tail beam body by welding, and the end of the other right-angled side is connected to the side wall of the connecting plate 310 by bolts, and anti-slip pads are installed between the contact surfaces.

[0080] The reinforcing ribs 320 are evenly distributed along the length of the connecting plate 310, with a spacing of 300-400mm between adjacent reinforcing ribs, and at least 3 sets of reinforcing ribs are provided on each connecting plate 310.

[0081] The reinforcing rib 320 is strictly perpendicular to the connecting plate 310, the left guard plate, and the right guard plate to ensure that it can effectively withstand loads perpendicular to the guard plate direction. The perpendicular design of the reinforcing rib 320 to the connecting plate 310 and the side guard plate allows it to directly bear the lateral force transmitted to the guard plate during cutting operations, preventing the connecting plate from affecting the overall integrity of the box structure due to bending deformation, and further strengthening the strength of the guard plate.

[0082] Example 2:

[0083] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, this application embodiment provides another tail beam coal breaking mechanism. Compared with the first embodiment, the first included angle of the tail beam coal breaking mechanism in this embodiment is adjustable. That is, in this embodiment, no reinforcing component 300 is provided between the mounting plate 100 and the left guard plate, but an adjusting component 400 that can drive the mounting plate 100 to swing is provided.

[0084] The adjustment component 400 is disposed between the mounting plate 100 and the left side guard plate or the right side guard plate. The adjustment component 400 pulls the mounting plate 100 to swing relative to the side guard plate to adjust the size of the first included angle.

[0085] In actual use, the first included angle can be adjusted according to geological conditions such as coal seam hardness and thickness, so that the working angle of the cutting tooth assembly can be flexibly matched with different mining needs, thereby improving the adaptability of the equipment in complex coal seam environments.

[0086] Specifically, in some embodiments, the adjustment assembly 400 includes an inner screw 410, a first screw 420, and a second screw 430;

[0087] The inner walls of both sides of the inner screw barrel 410 are machined with internal threads in opposite directions, and the surfaces of the internal threads are nitrided to improve wear resistance. The outer threads of the first screw 420 and the second screw 430 are respectively adapted to the internal threads on both sides of the inner screw barrel. The inner walls of both sides of the inner screw barrel 410 are screwed to the first screw 420 and the second screw 430 respectively.

[0088] The outer end of the first screw 420 is hinged to the connecting lug on the mounting plate 100 via a fisheye bearing; the outer end of the second screw 430 is also hinged to the connecting lug on the left or right guard plate via a fisheye bearing, and the axes of the two fisheye bearings are kept coincident to ensure smooth force transmission during adjustment. In addition, the inner screw cylinder 410 has a hexagonal prism structure in the middle, which facilitates angle adjustment by rotating the inner screw cylinder with a wrench;

[0089] When the inner screw cylinder 410 is rotated clockwise, the first screw 420 and the second screw 430 move outwards synchronously relative to each other, increasing the overall length of the adjusting component 400 and thus increasing the first included angle. Conversely, when the inner screw cylinder 410 is rotated counterclockwise, the overall length of the adjusting component 400 decreases, thus decreasing the first included angle. The first included angle A can be continuously adjusted within the range of 10°-30° through the adjusting component. 23° is the recommended angle to adapt to most coal seam conditions. When mining coal seams with high hardness, it can be adjusted to 25°-30° to enhance coal breaking force, and when mining soft coal seams, it can be adjusted to 10°-15° to reduce wear on the cutting teeth.

[0090] This application utilizes the rotation of the inner screw cylinder 410 to drive the first screw 420 and the second screw 430 to extend and retract synchronously via the reverse thread. This enables continuous adjustment of the first included angle between the mounting plate 100 and the guard plate, allowing the cutting tooth assembly to flexibly adjust the coal breaking angle according to working conditions such as coal seam hardness and top coal thickness, significantly improving the equipment's adaptability to complex geological conditions.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] Reference Figure 8 As shown in the figure, C represents large coal pieces and D represents the rear conveyor. This application provides a hydraulic support for top coal caving, including a base 1, a column 2, a four-bar linkage 3, a front beam 4, a top beam 5, a shield beam 6, a tail beam 7, and a coal breaking mechanism 8 as described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.

[0093] The front beam 4, the top beam 5, the shield beam 6, and the tail beam 7 are connected in sequence. The two ends of the column 2 are respectively connected to the base 1 and the top beam 5. The two ends of the four-bar linkage 3 are respectively hinged to the base 1 and the shield beam 6. The assembly of the base 1, column 2, four-bar linkage 3, front beam 4, top beam 5, shield beam 6, and tail beam 7 are all existing technologies.

[0094] The coal breaking mechanism 8 is provided on both the left and right guard plates of the tail beam 7.

[0095] During the operation of the top coal caving hydraulic support, the coal breaking mechanism 8 on both sides of the tail beam 7 forms a symmetrical working layout, which can simultaneously crush the coal near the tail beam side plates. Whether it is the interbedded area in the hard coal seam or the corner position where the top coal is not sufficiently crushed, the cutting tooth components distributed on both sides can form a synergistic cutting force, which greatly improves the comprehensiveness and efficiency of coal breaking.

[0096] Meanwhile, the adaptability of this top-coal caving hydraulic support has been significantly enhanced. The first included angle of the coal breaking mechanisms 8 on both sides can be independently adjusted according to the hardness difference of the coal seams on both sides of the tail beam. This flexible angle adjustment capability allows the support to maintain the optimal coal breaking state under complex geological conditions, reducing mining interruptions caused by insufficient coal seam adaptability.

[0097] In terms of energy consumption and equipment wear, the symmetrically distributed cutting tooth assembly evenly distributes the coal breaking load to the side guard plates and multiple cutting teeth, avoiding the problem of excessive energy consumption caused by concentrated force in a single area of ​​traditional supports. At the same time, the fan-shaped arrangement reduces the overlap of operations between cutting teeth, reduces ineffective wear, and, combined with the structural design of balanced force on both sides, can significantly extend the service life of the tail beam, guard plates, and cutting teeth, and reduce equipment maintenance frequency and costs.

[0098] Furthermore, this support structure effectively enhances the safety and continuity of the fully mechanized mining face. The coordinated operation of the eight coal breaking mechanisms on both sides effectively controls the rhythm of top coal caving, preventing coal blockage or sudden collapse due to insufficient local coal breaking. The stable coal breaking process not only reduces the impact load on the support structure but also, in conjunction with the scraper conveyor, enables continuous coal dropping, improving the operational safety and production continuity of the fully mechanized mining face.

[0099] It is readily understood that, based on the several embodiments provided in this application, those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments of this application to obtain other embodiments, none of which exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0100] The above detailed embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A tail beam coal crushing mechanism, wherein the coal crushing mechanism is disposed on the left side guard plate and / or the right side guard plate of the tail beam, characterized in that: The coal breaking mechanism includes a mounting plate (100) and a plurality of cutting tooth assemblies (200) disposed on the mounting plate (100); One end of the mounting plate (100) is connected to the left guard plate and / or the right guard plate, and the other end of the mounting plate (100) extends between the left guard plate and the right guard plate, and the mounting plate (100) forms a first included angle with the left guard plate or the right guard plate; Multiple cutting tooth assemblies (200) on the same mounting plate (100) are arranged in a fan shape, and a second included angle is formed between adjacent cutting tooth assemblies (200).

2. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting tooth assembly (200) includes a cutting tooth holder (210), a cutting tooth (220), a tooth shoe (230), and a retaining ring (240); The cutting tooth holder (210) is disposed on the mounting plate (100), the tooth shoe (230) is assembled in the cutting tooth holder (210), the cutting tooth (220) is assembled in the tooth shoe (230), and the cutting tooth (220) and the tooth shoe (230) are rotatably connected; The retaining ring (240) is disposed on the toothed shoe (230) and engages with the cutting tooth (220).

3. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting tooth (220) includes a shank portion (221) and a tooth tip portion (222), wherein the shank portion (221) and the tooth tip portion (222) are an integral structure; The tooth shank (221) is disposed inside the toothed shoe (230), and the tooth tip (222) extends out of the toothed shoe (230); The top of the tooth tip (222) is provided with a tip (223), the tip (223) is a triangular pyramid structure, and the outer surface of the tooth tip (222) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (224), the plurality of protrusions (224) are distributed in a spiral shape.

4. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer surface of the cutting tooth (220) is provided with an anti-corrosion coating (225), and the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating (225) on the outer surface of the protrusion (224) is greater than the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating (225) on other parts of the cutting tooth (220); The tip (223) of the cutting tooth (220) is provided with a reinforcing core (226), which extends into the tooth tip (222) of the cutting tooth (220).

5. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The toothed shoe (230) is provided with a lubrication groove (227), which is filled with grease. The position of the lubrication groove (227) is adapted to the rotation trajectory of the cutting tooth (220).

6. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The tail beam coal breaking mechanism also includes a reinforcing component (300) configured to increase the strength of the left side guard plate or the right side guard plate; The reinforcing component (300) includes a connecting plate (310), one end of which is fixed to the tail beam body and the other end is connected to the bottom end of the mounting plate (100). The connecting plate (310), the left guard plate, and the right guard plate are parallel to each other; The tail beam body, the connecting plate (310), the mounting plate (100), and the left or right guard plate are sequentially fixedly connected to form a box structure.

7. The tail beam coal crushing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reinforcing component (300) also includes a reinforcing rib (320), which is fixed to the tail beam body and the end of the reinforcing rib (320) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting plate (310). The reinforcing rib (320) is perpendicular to the connecting plate (310), the left guard plate, and the right guard plate.

8. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The tail beam coal breaking mechanism also includes an adjustment component (400); The adjustment component (400) is disposed between the mounting plate (100) and the left side guard plate or the right side guard plate, and the adjustment component (400) is configured to adjust the size of the first included angle.

9. The tail beam coal breaking mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (400) includes an inner screw barrel (410), a first screw (420), and a second screw (430); The inner walls of the inner screw (410) are respectively provided with internal threads in opposite directions. The inner walls of the inner screw (410) are respectively screwed to the outer walls of the first screw (420) and the second screw (430). The outer ends of the first screw (420) and the second screw (430) are respectively hinged to the mounting plate (100) and the left guard plate or the right guard plate.

10. A hydraulic support for top coal caving, characterized in that: It includes a base (1), a column (2), a four-bar linkage (3), a front beam (4), a top beam (5), a shield beam (6), a tail beam (7), and a coal breaking mechanism (8) as described in any one of claims 1-9; The front beam (4), the top beam (5), the shield beam (6) and the tail beam (7) are connected in sequence. The two ends of the column (2) are connected to the base (1) and the top beam (5) respectively. The two ends of the four-bar linkage (3) are hinged to the base (1) and the shield beam (6) respectively. The coal breaking mechanism (8) is provided on both the left and right guard plates of the tail beam (7).

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