Lens array, display device including the same, and electronic device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lens array, display device and electronic device including the lens array. The lens array includes: polarization layer, make light polarization, first electrode layer, arrange on the polarization layer, lens layer, arrange on the first electrode layer, and second electrode layer, arrange on the lens layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to a lens array, a display device including the lens array, and an electronic device including the lens array. Background Technology

[0002] A stereoscopic image display device is a display device that stimulates the viewer's visual senses in the same way as real objects to recognize them as stereoscopic by providing physical factors. For example, a stereoscopic image display device provides different images to the viewer's left and right eyes, thereby enabling the viewer to view stereoscopic images by means of binocular parallax between the left and right eyes.

[0003] Recently, research on glasses-free methods without wearing stereoscopic glasses has been actively underway. These glasses-free methods include the lenticular method, which uses a cylindrical lens array to separate the left and right eye images, and the barrier method, which uses a barrier to separate the left and right eye images. Utility Model Content

[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a lens array including a polarizing layer.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a display device including a lens array.

[0006] Another object of this invention is to provide an electronic device including a lens array.

[0007] Another object of this invention is to provide a display device including a polarization conversion unit, wherein the polarization conversion unit includes a polarization layer.

[0008] To achieve one objective of this utility model, the lens array according to an embodiment of this utility model may include: a polarizing layer for polarizing light; a first electrode layer disposed on the polarizing layer; a lens layer disposed on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer disposed on the lens layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer can be formed using an imprinting process.

[0010] In one embodiment, the polarization layer may be a wire grid polarizer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the polarization layer may include: an optical pattern; and a passivation layer covering the optical pattern.

[0012] In one embodiment, the optical pattern may include metal.

[0013] In one embodiment, the optical pattern may have a stripe shape.

[0014] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the lens layer.

[0015] In one embodiment, the lens layer may be made of an optically isotropic polymer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer polarizes light along the polarization direction, and when an electric field is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the refractive index of the lens layer can be higher than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer relative to the polarization direction.

[0017] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer polarizes light along the polarization direction, and in the absence of an electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the refractive index of the lens layer can be substantially the same as the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer relative to the polarization direction.

[0018] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a first substrate, and a polarizing layer may be disposed on the first substrate.

[0019] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a first substrate, a polarizing layer may be disposed below the first substrate, and a first electrode layer may be disposed above the first substrate.

[0020] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a first substrate and a second substrate, and the lens layer may be disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0021] To achieve another objective of this utility model, the display device according to an embodiment of this utility model may include: a display panel including pixels; a lens array disposed on the display panel, wherein the lens array may include: a polarizing layer for polarizing light incident from the display panel; and a lens layer disposed on the polarizing layer.

[0022] In one embodiment, the lens array can be bonded to the display panel using an adhesive.

[0023] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a first substrate, a polarizing layer may be disposed on the first substrate, and an adhesive material may be in direct contact with the first substrate.

[0024] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include a first substrate, a polarizing layer may be disposed below the first substrate, and an adhesive material may be in direct contact with the polarizing layer.

[0025] In one embodiment, the lens array may further include: a first electrode layer disposed on the polarizing layer; a liquid crystal layer disposed on the first electrode layer; and a second electrode layer disposed on the liquid crystal layer. In a first mode, driving voltage may not be supplied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In a second mode, driving voltage may be supplied to either the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer can polarize light along a polarization direction, and in a second mode, it can refract light incident on the lens layer along a polarization direction.

[0027] In one embodiment, the polarizing layer can polarize light along a polarization direction, and in a first mode, light incident on the lens layer can travel in a straight line.

[0028] To achieve another objective of the present invention, a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a display panel including pixels; a polarization conversion unit disposed on the display panel; and a lens array disposed on the polarization conversion unit, wherein the polarization conversion unit includes: a polarization layer for polarizing light incident from the display panel along a predetermined polarization direction; and a liquid crystal layer disposed on the polarization layer.

[0029] To achieve one objective of the present invention, an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a processor configured to provide input image data; a display panel including a plurality of pixels that display an image in response to the input image data; and a lens array disposed on the display panel, wherein the lens array may include: a polarizing layer for polarizing light incident from the display panel; and a lens layer disposed on the polarizing layer.

[0030] The lens array according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a polarizing layer, thereby enabling it to be combined with a display panel that does not include a polarizing layer to display a stereoscopic image.

[0031] According to embodiments of the present invention, the lens array includes a polarizing layer. Therefore, unlike cases where the polarizing layer is included in the display panel, the polarization direction of the polarizing layer can be determined considering the orientation of the lens array. Accordingly, the image quality characteristics of stereoscopic images can be improved.

[0032] However, the effects of this utility model are not limited to those described above, and can be extended in various ways without departing from the concept and scope of this utility model. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a display device using a lens array.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a display device.

[0036] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the display device.

[0037] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an example of a display device operating in a first mode.

[0038] Figure 6 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an example of a display device operating in a second mode.

[0039] Figures 7 to 13 It shows the formation Figure 3 An example diagram of a polarization layer.

[0040] Figure 14 It is shown Figure 13 A diagram of one embodiment of the arrangement of optical patterns.

[0041] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 17 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating an electronic device including a display device according to an embodiment.

[0044] Figure 18 It is shown Figure 17 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device implemented as a smartphone.

[0045] Figure 19 It is shown Figure 17 A schematic diagram of an example of an electronic device implemented as a tablet personal computer.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0047] Detailed Implementation

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the following description, only the parts necessary for understanding the operation of the present invention will be described; other parts will be omitted to avoid obscuring the essence of the invention. Furthermore, the present invention can be embodied in other forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The embodiments described herein are provided only to illustrate the present invention in detail so that those skilled in the art can readily implement the technical concept of the present invention.

[0049] Throughout this specification, when references are made that a part is “connected” to another part, this includes not only “direct connection” but also “indirect connection” where other elements are spaced between the two parts. The terminology used herein is for illustrative purposes and not for limiting the scope of the invention. Throughout this specification, when references are made that a part “comprises” a constituent element, unless specifically stated otherwise, it means that other constituent elements may also be included, rather than excluding them. “At least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” mean only X, only Y, only Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z (e.g., XYZ, XY, YZ, XZ). Here, “and / or” includes all combinations of one or more of the corresponding constituents.

[0050] Although terms such as "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various constituent elements, these constituent elements are not limited to these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one constituent element from another. Therefore, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first constituent element may be referred to as a second constituent element.

[0051] Spatial relative terms such as “below” and “above” are used for illustrative purposes to explain the relationship between one element or feature and another element(s) or feature(s) as shown in the accompanying drawings. Spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations during use, operation, and / or manufacture, in addition to those depicted in the drawings. For example, if the device shown in the figures is flipped, the orientation described as “below” other elements or features is “above” other elements or features. Thus, in one embodiment, the term “below” can encompass both the above and below orientations. Furthermore, the device can be oriented in other directions (e.g., a 90-degree rotation or other orientations), and the spatial relative terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0052] Various embodiments are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically depict ideal embodiments. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the shape may vary depending on, for example, tolerances and / or manufacturing techniques. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the specific shapes shown, but rather should be interpreted, for example, to include variations in shape resulting from manufacturing processes. Thus, the shapes shown in the figures may not represent the actual shape of areas of the device, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0053] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the display device 10 using a lens array configuration. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display device 10 may include a display panel DP and a lens array LSA. For example, the display device 10 may be a stereoscopic image display device that displays stereoscopic images (3D images). The display panel DP and the lens array LSA may be configured to overlap each other in the vertical direction (e.g., the third direction DR3).

[0056] The display panel (DP) may include pixels (PX) that display images by emitting light. In one embodiment, each of the pixels (PX) may output one of red, green, and blue light. However, this is merely exemplary, and the color of the light emitted from the pixels (PX) is not limited to these; multiple colors of light may be output to achieve full color.

[0057] In one embodiment, the display panel DP can be connected to a driving circuit for driving pixels PX. The driving circuit can perform at least one function of a gate driving section, a data driving section, and a driving control section. For example, the driving circuit can be connected to the display panel DP and located on the back side of the display panel DP. For example, at least a portion of the driving circuit can be formed directly on the display panel DP, or it can be disposed on the front surface of the display panel DP.

[0058] In one embodiment, pixels PX can be arranged on the front surface of the display panel DP to form a light-emitting surface. Images can be displayed through pixels PX. Pixels PX can form multiple pixel rows and multiple pixel columns. Here, a pixel row can represent a group of pixels respectively connected to the same gate line, and a pixel column can represent a group of pixels respectively connected to the same data line. For example, pixel rows can be arranged along a first direction DR1, and pixel columns can be arranged along a second direction DR2.

[0059] In one embodiment, the display panel DP may include a pixel circuit layer and a display element layer disposed on a predetermined substrate to form a pixel PX. The display panel DP may also include an encapsulation structure for encapsulating the display element layer. In one embodiment, the display panel DP may further include a polarization layer. The polarization layer may include a phase retarder and / or a polarizer. The polarization layer may be located on the encapsulation structure, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the polarization layer may be located outside the display panel DP.

[0060] The pixel circuit layer may include pixel circuitry configured to drive light-emitting elements of pixels PX. For example, the pixel circuit layer may include transistors and signal lines and power lines connected to the transistors. The pixel circuit layer may have a stacked structure for forming transistors.

[0061] The display element layer can be disposed on the pixel circuit layer. The display element layer may include light-emitting elements. The light-emitting elements may be electrically connected to the pixel circuits of the pixel circuit layer. In one embodiment, the light-emitting element may be a self-emissive element. The self-emissive element may include an organic light-emitting element, an inorganic light-emitting element, or a light-emitting element composed of a composite of inorganic and organic materials. In the above embodiment, the display panel DP may be a self-emissive display panel. However, this is exemplary, and the light-emitting element may also include a light-emitting element that emits light by changing the wavelength of the emitted light using quantum dots (quantum dot display element).

[0062] In addition, the display panel DP can be realized as a liquid crystal display panel, a plasma display panel, a display panel that uses quantum dots to display images, etc.

[0063] A lens array (LSA) may include lenses (LS) arranged on a display panel (DP) to refract light incident from pixels (PX). For example, a lens array (LSA) may be implemented using lenticular lens arrays, microlens arrays, etc.

[0064] A light field display (RFV) is a three-dimensional (3D) display that creates stereoscopic images by using a flat panel display and optical elements (such as a lens array, LSA) to form a light field representing the vector distribution (intensity and direction) of light in space. RAVs are a display technology that can achieve more natural stereoscopic images by showing the depth and sides of objects, and is expected to be integrated with virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR) technologies for various applications.

[0065] Light fields can be achieved in various ways. For example, light fields can be formed using methods such as: using multiple projectors to create light fields in multiple directions; using diffraction gratings to control the direction of light; using two or more panels and adjusting the direction and intensity (brightness) of light according to the combination of each pixel; using pinholes or barriers to control the direction of light; and using lens arrays to control the direction of light refraction, etc.

[0066] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lens array display device 10 can display stereoscopic images (3D images) by forming a light field.

[0067] A series of pixels PX are assigned to various lenses LS. Light emitted from each pixel PX can be refracted by the lenses LS to travel only in a specific direction, thus forming a light field characterized by the intensity and direction of the light. If a viewer views the display device 10 within this formed light field, the viewer can perceive the stereoscopic effect of the corresponding image.

[0068] Image information based on the viewer's perspective within the light field can be defined and processed in units of voxels. A voxel can be understood as graphic information defining a predetermined point (or pixel) in three-dimensional space.

[0069] In one embodiment, the lens array LSA may include a semi-cylindrical lens LS extending in one direction. Such a lens LS can be implemented, for example, using a cylindrical lens. Figure 2 As shown, the lens LS can be arranged and extended obliquely relative to the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, respectively (or, referred to as slanted arrangement). However, this is merely exemplary, and the extension direction (and arrangement direction) of the lens LS is not limited thereto.

[0070] The size and arrangement of the lens LS can be determined based on factors such as the size of the display panel DP, the user's viewing distance, the size of the pixel PX, the resolution, and the pixel arrangement structure.

[0071] In one embodiment, the lens LS can also be implemented using a microlens. When viewed from a plane, the microlens can have shapes such as hexagonal, circular, and elliptical.

[0072] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the display device 10.

[0073] Reference Figure 3 The display device 10 may include a display panel DP and a lens array LSA.

[0074] The lens array LSA can be disposed on the display panel DP. In one embodiment, the lens array LSA can be attached to the display panel DP using a transparent adhesive material AD. The transparent adhesive material AD can include optically clear adhesive (OCA) or optically clear resin (OCR). For example, the first substrate SUB1 can be attached to the display panel DP using the transparent adhesive material AD. For example, the display panel DP and the lens array LSA can be manufactured separately and attached to each other.

[0075] The lens array LSA may include a first substrate SUB1, a polarizing layer POL, a first buffer layer BFL1, a lower electrode layer LE, an alignment film ALL, a liquid crystal layer LCL, a lens LS, an upper electrode layer UE, a second buffer layer BFL2, and a second substrate SUB2.

[0076] The first substrate SUB1 can be configured as the various layers supporting the entire lens array LSA. The first substrate SUB1 can be constructed using an insulating material such as glass or resin. In one embodiment, the first substrate SUB1 may include a rigid glass substrate. In one embodiment, the first substrate SUB1 may be flexible. For example, the first substrate SUB1 may include a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. In one embodiment, the first substrate SUB1 may include a substrate formed using a plastic material other than a polyimide (PI) substrate. For example, the first substrate SUB1 may include a polycarbonate substrate or a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) substrate. In one embodiment, the first substrate SUB1 may include a silicon wafer substrate formed using semiconductor processes.

[0077] A polarizing layer (POL) can be disposed on a first substrate SUB1. The polarizing layer (POL) can polarize light along a predetermined direction. For example, the polarizing layer (POL) can polarize light incident from the display panel DP along a polarization direction. The polarization direction can be determined according to the shape of the polarizing layer (POL). That is, the polarizing layer (POL) can be manufactured to polarize light along a desired predetermined polarization direction.

[0078] In one embodiment, the first substrate SUB1 and the polarizing layer POL can be formed integrally. For example, the layer in which the first substrate SUB1 and the polarizing layer POL are integrally formed can be formed using a plastic film. For example, if the polarizer is formed directly on the first substrate SUB1, the separate polarizing layer POL can be omitted from the first substrate SUB1. For ease of explanation, the following description focuses on an embodiment where the first substrate SUB1 and the polarizing layer POL are formed separately, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0079] A first buffer layer BFL1 may be disposed on the polarization layer POL. The first buffer layer BFL1 may include an inorganic insulating layer comprising inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the first buffer layer BFL1 may include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO) x At least one of the metal oxides such as ). The first buffer layer BFL1 can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the first buffer layer BFL1 is multiple layers, the individual layers can be formed using the same material or using different materials. According to an embodiment, the first buffer layer BFL1 can be omitted.

[0080] A lower electrode layer LE may be disposed on the first buffer layer BFL1. The lower electrode layer LE may comprise a conductive material that is light-transmitting (e.g., transparent), such as indium tin oxide (ITO). A ground voltage may be applied to the lower electrode layer LE to form a potential difference with the voltage applied to the upper electrode layer UE. Such a voltage may be a reference voltage. The lower electrode layer LE may be referred to as the first electrode layer.

[0081] The upper electrode layer UE can be arranged opposite to the lower electrode layer LE. The upper electrode layer UE can be arranged on the lens LS. The upper electrode layer UE can include a light-transmitting (e.g., transparent) conductive material such as ITO. The upper electrode layer UE can be applied with a driving voltage to adjust the tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer LCL. As an example, the upper electrode layer UE can be supplied with a driving voltage to turn the liquid crystal layer LCL on or off. Here, turning on the liquid crystal layer LCL means controlling the liquid crystal layer LCL so that light emitted upwards (e.g., third-direction DR3) through the polarizing layer POL is incident along the short axis of the liquid crystal molecules LC, so that the direction of light travel does not change. Turning off the liquid crystal layer LCL means controlling the liquid crystal layer LCL so that light emitted upwards (e.g., third-direction DR3) through the polarizing layer POL is incident along the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules LC, so that the light travels along the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules LC. The upper electrode layer UE can be referred to as the second electrode layer.

[0082] An electric field can be formed between the upper electrode layer UE and the lower electrode layer LE, depending on whether a driving voltage is applied (or the level of the driving voltage). The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules LC in the liquid crystal layer LCL can be controlled by whether the above-mentioned electric field is formed and the magnitude of the electric field.

[0083] However, this is only an example; it is also possible to supply a drive voltage to the lower electrode layer LE and a reference voltage to the upper electrode layer UE.

[0084] An alignment film ALL can be disposed on the lower electrode layer LE. The alignment film ALL can be rubbed to form grooves (or, a predetermined pattern). Liquid crystal molecules LC can be accommodated in the grooves of the alignment film ALL, and the liquid crystal molecules LC can be accommodated in a uniform direction (e.g., a direction parallel to the direction in which the grooves extend). For example, the alignment film ALL can be coated using an inkjet method. In one embodiment, the alignment film ALL can be coated on the lower electrode layer LE and then rubbed to form a pattern corresponding to the alignment direction. For example, the alignment film ALL can be rubbed using a rubbing cloth. For example, the alignment film ALL, as a photoalignment film, can be rubbed by irradiation with light. However, the method of rubbing the alignment film ALL is not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0085] A liquid crystal layer (LCL) can be disposed on the alignment film ALL. The LCL can be disposed between the lower electrode layer LE and the upper electrode layer UE. The LCL can include liquid crystal molecules LC whose alignment direction is controlled according to the formed electric field.

[0086] Liquid crystal molecules (LCs) can include optically anisotropic materials. For example, liquid crystal molecules (LCs) can have different long-axis and short-axis refractive indices. In one embodiment, the long-axis refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule (LC) can be greater than its short-axis refractive index. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0087] The liquid crystal layer (LCL) may include spacers (SPACs). The spacers (SPACs) may be arranged to separate the lens (LS) from the alignment film (ALL) by a predetermined distance. This ensures sufficient space for the liquid crystal molecules (LC) to rotate. For example, the spacers (SPACs) may be integrally disposed within the liquid crystal layer (LCL).

[0088] Lens LS can be arranged on the liquid crystal layer LCL. (See reference) Figure 3 Lenses LS can be adjacent to each other in the first direction DR1 to form a lens array.

[0089] Lens LS can include optically isotropic polymers. For example, lens LS can include optically isotropic materials having a refractive index substantially the same as the long-axis or short-axis refractive index of liquid crystal molecules LC. For example, isotropic polymers can include photocurable resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, or they can include thermocurable resins. For example, photocurable resins can be cured by ultraviolet light (UV) with a wavelength band of about 10 nm to about 400 nm.

[0090] Light polarized in a predetermined direction after passing through the polarizing layer POL can be incident on the liquid crystal layer LCL. The direction of light travels when incident on the lens LS can vary depending on the state of the liquid crystal molecules LC. For example, if light passes through the lens LS with the driving force of the liquid crystal layer LCL off, the light can travel without being refracted by the lens LS. Conversely, if light passes through the lens LS with the driving force of the liquid crystal layer LCL on, the light is refracted and travels within the lens LS.

[0091] A second buffer layer BFL2 may be disposed on the upper electrode layer UE. The second buffer layer BFL2 may include an inorganic insulating layer comprising inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the second buffer layer BFL2 may include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO) xAt least one of the metal oxides such as ). The second buffer layer BFL2 can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the second buffer layer BFL2 is multiple layers, the individual layers can be formed using the same material or using different materials. According to an embodiment, the second buffer layer BFL2 can be omitted.

[0092] A second substrate SUB2 may be disposed on the second buffer layer BFL2 (or the upper electrode layer UE). The second substrate SUB2 may be constructed using an insulating material such as glass or resin. In one embodiment, the second substrate SUB2 may include a glass substrate. In one embodiment, the second substrate SUB2 may include a polyimide (PI) substrate. In one embodiment, the second substrate SUB2 may include a substrate formed using a plastic material other than a polyimide (PI) substrate. For example, the second substrate SUB2 may include a polycarbonate (PC) substrate or a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) substrate. In one embodiment, the second substrate SUB2 may include a silicon wafer substrate formed using semiconductor processes.

[0093] For example, the second substrate SUB2 can serve as a substrate (mother plate) for forming / manufacturing the lens LS. In addition, it can protect the lens LS from external contamination, impact, scratches, etc.

[0094] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the display device 10.

[0095] Compared to Figure 3 The display device 10 of the embodiment, according to Figure 4 The display device 10 of the embodiment may further include a second alignment film ALL2. Included in Figure 3 The alignment film ALL in the display device 10 can be combined with the alignment film ALL included in the display device 10. Figure 4 It corresponds to the first alignment film ALL1 in the display device 10.

[0096] The second alignment film ALL2 can be disposed between the liquid crystal layer LCL and the lens LS. The second alignment film ALL2 can be rubbing-processed. For example, the second alignment film ALL2 can be coated using an inkjet method. In one embodiment, the second alignment film ALL2 can be coated on the lower electrode layer LE and then rubbing-processed into a pattern corresponding to the alignment direction. For example, the second alignment film ALL2 can be rubbing-processed using a rubbing cloth. For example, the second alignment film ALL2, as a photoalignment film, can be rubbing-processed by irradiating light. However, the method of rubbing-processing the second alignment film ALL2 is not limited to the embodiments described above. In one embodiment, the second alignment film ALL2 can be directly formed on the lens LS by rubbing-processing without coating an alignment agent.

[0097] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an example of the display device 10 operating in a first mode. Figure 6 It is shown Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an example of the display device 10 operating in a second mode.

[0098] Reference Figure 5 In the 2D image mode (i.e., the first mode), an electric field may not be formed between the lower electrode layer LE and the upper electrode layer UE. For example, in the first mode, a driving voltage may not be applied to the upper electrode layer UE. Alternatively, in the first mode, the same voltage may be applied to both the upper electrode layer UE and the lower electrode layer LE.

[0099] When no electric field is formed between the upper electrode layer UE and the lower electrode layer LE, the refractive index of the lens LS can be identified as substantially the same as that of the liquid crystal layer LCL. Accordingly, light passing through the liquid crystal layer LCL is not refracted when passing through the lens LS, and the display device 10 can display a 2D image by providing the same image to the user's eyes.

[0100] Reference Figure 6 In stereoscopic image mode (i.e., second mode), a driving voltage is applied to the upper electrode layer UE, and an electric field can be formed between the upper electrode layer UE and the lower electrode layer LE.

[0101] When an electric field is formed between the upper electrode layer UE and the lower electrode layer LE, the refractive index of the lens LS can be identified as higher than that of the liquid crystal layer LCL. Accordingly, light passing through the liquid crystal layer LCL can be refracted when passing through the lens LS, thus allowing the lens LS to essentially function as a convex lens. The light refracted from the lens LS is split into a path corresponding to the right-eye image and a path corresponding to the left-eye image, converging at different focal points (or focal regions), thereby achieving a stereoscopic image. That is, the lens LS can form a light field in the second mode by refracting the light incident upon it.

[0102] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the lens array LSA may include a polarizing layer POL internally. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the lens array LSA can be combined with a display panel DP that does not separately include a polarizing layer to form a stereoscopic image display device. This significantly reduces (e.g., minimizes) the error between the polarization direction of light polarized by the polarizing layer POL and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules LC, thereby improving the image quality characteristics of the stereoscopic image.

[0103] Figures 7 to 13 It shows the formation Figure 3 A diagram of an example of a polarization layer POL. Figure 14 It is shown Figure 13 A diagram of an embodiment of the arrangement of the optical pattern ML-P.

[0104] Reference Figures 7 to 13 The polarization layer POL can be a wire grid polarizer. The polarization layer POL can be formed using an imprinting process. For example, the polarization layer POL can include an optical pattern ML-P and a passivation layer PSV covering the optical pattern ML-P.

[0105] Reference Figures 7 to 13 The example illustrates a case where a polarizing layer POL is formed in the form of a wire grid polarizing film by an imprinting process, but the method and form of forming the polarizing layer POL according to the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0106] Reference Figure 7 A metal layer ML and a hard mask HM can be formed on the first substrate SUB1. For example, the metal layer ML may include aluminum (Al), but the embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the hard mask HM may include an inorganic insulating layer comprising inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the hard mask HM may include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO)x At least one of the metal oxides such as ).

[0107] In one embodiment, an adhesion promoter may be provided on the hard mask HM. The adhesion promoter may assist the patterning resin IR-P (see reference). Figure 8 It is combined with the hard mask HM.

[0108] Reference Figure 8 Patterning resin IR-P can be provided on a hard mask HM. The patterning resin IR-P can be provided by a resin supply unit SN. The resin supply unit SN may include a nozzle configured to apply a predetermined amount of patterning resin IR-P to the area where a pattern needs to be formed for manufacturing an optical component. However, the embodiments are not limited to this, and various coating methods can be used to provide the patterning resin IR-P. For example, the patterning resin IR-P can be a photoresist. The photoresist can be either a positive photoresist or a negative photoresist, depending on the selection of someone skilled in the art.

[0109] Reference Figure 9 A soft mold SM can be formed on a patterning resin IR-P. The patterning resin IR-P coated on the first substrate SUB1 can fill the recess RS of the soft mold SM. A pressurizing roller RL can be arranged on the soft mold SM, and the soft mold SM can be arranged on the first substrate SUB1 having a metal layer ML while moving.

[0110] A substrate film SF can also be disposed on the flexible mold SM. The substrate film SF may include a polymer resin. In one embodiment, the substrate film SF may be implemented using a transparent polymer film. For example, the substrate film SF may include polyethylene terephthalate. As another example, the substrate film SF may include polycarbonate. The substrate film SF can serve as a support for the flexible mold SM.

[0111] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10The pattern-forming resin IR-P can be photocured. An external light source LU can be located on the flexible mold SM. The external light source LU can provide ultraviolet light that transmits through the flexible mold SM and cures the pattern-forming resin IR-P to form a temporary pattern IR. The temporary pattern IR obtained by photocuring the pattern-forming resin IR-P can be fixedly formed on the metal layer ML. The temporary pattern IR can be a pattern with dimensions corresponding to the recesses RS of the flexible mold SM.

[0112] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 11 After the temporary pattern IR is formed, the soft mold SM can be removed.

[0113] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 The optical pattern ML-P can be formed by etching the metal layer ML. The optical pattern ML-P can be formed at a position corresponding to the temporary pattern IR. For example, during the removal of the soft mold SM (see reference...). Figure 10 After that, the constituent elements on the first substrate SUB1 can be etched as a whole. For example, a portion of the temporary pattern IR, hard mask HM, and metal layer ML can be removed by a dry etch process.

[0114] For example, the width of the optical pattern ML-P can be about 45 nm. For example, the distance between optical patterns ML-P can be about 45 nm. For example, the height of the optical pattern ML-P can be about 100 nm. However, the width of the optical pattern ML-P, the distance between optical patterns ML-P, and the height of the optical pattern ML-P according to the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0115] Reference Figure 13 The passivation layer PSV can be formed in a manner that covers the optical pattern ML-P. For example, the passivation layer PSV can protect the constituent elements disposed beneath it and provide a flat upper surface. For example, the passivation layer PSV may include an inorganic insulating layer containing inorganic materials and / or an organic insulating layer containing organic materials. The inorganic insulating layer may, for example, include silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO) xThe organic insulating layer may include, for example, at least one of the following: acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, and benzocyclobutene resin.

[0116] Reference Figure 14 The optical pattern ML-P can have a stripe shape extending along the fourth direction DR4. In one embodiment, the fourth direction DR4 can be a direction perpendicular to the third direction DR3. In one embodiment, the fourth direction DR4 can be the same as any one of the aforementioned first direction DR1 and second direction DR2, but according to an embodiment, the fourth direction DR4 can be different from the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. If light from the display panel DP (refer to...) Figure 3 When light is incident, it vibrates both horizontally and vertically relative to its direction of travel due to the general properties of light. Therefore, only light incident parallel to the space between the optical patterns ML-P (e.g., light traveling in the fourth direction DR4) can pass through the optical patterns ML-P. Thus, the function of the polarization layer can be realized.

[0117] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0118] Besides the position of the polarization layer POL, the lens array LSA according to embodiments of this disclosure and Figure 3 The configuration of the display device 10 is substantially the same. For the same or similar components, the same drawing numbers and reference numerals are used and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0119] Reference Figure 15 The polarizing layer POL can be disposed below the first substrate SUB1. In one embodiment, the polarizing layer POL can be attached to the underside of the first substrate SUB1. In another embodiment, the polarizing layer POL can be formed below the first substrate SUB1 by an imprinting process.

[0120] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view showing a display device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0121] Reference Figure 16 The display device 10 may include a display panel DP, a polarization conversion unit POC, and a lens array LSA.

[0122] The polarization conversion unit POC can be disposed on the display panel DP. In one embodiment, the polarization conversion unit POC can be attached to the display panel DP using a first transparent adhesive material AD1. For example, the first substrate SUB1 can be attached to the display panel DP using the first transparent adhesive material AD1. For example, the display panel DP and the polarization conversion unit POC can be manufactured separately and attached to each other.

[0123] The polarization conversion unit POC may include a first substrate SUB1, a polarization layer POL, a first buffer layer BFL1, a lower electrode layer LE, a first alignment film ALL1, a first liquid crystal layer LCL1, a second alignment film ALL2, an upper electrode layer UE, a second buffer layer BFL2, and a second substrate SUB2.

[0124] Reference Figure 16 The polarizing layer POL can be disposed on the first substrate SUB1. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto, such as... Figure 15 As shown, the polarization layer POL can be arranged below the first substrate SUB1.

[0125] The first buffer layer BFL1 may be disposed on the polarization layer POL. The first buffer layer BFL1 may include an inorganic insulating layer comprising inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the first buffer layer BFL1 may include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO) x At least one of the metal oxides such as ). The first buffer layer BFL1 can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the first buffer layer BFL1 is multiple layers, the individual layers can be formed using the same material or using different materials. According to an embodiment, the first buffer layer BFL1 can be omitted.

[0126] The lower electrode layer LE can be disposed on the first buffer layer BFL1. The lower electrode layer LE may include a light-transmitting (e.g., transparent) conductive material such as ITO. The lower electrode layer LE may be applied a ground voltage to form a potential difference with the voltage applied to the upper electrode layer UE. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and a driving voltage may be applied to the lower electrode layer LE.

[0127] The first alignment film ALL1 can be disposed on the lower electrode layer LE. The first alignment film ALL1 can be rubbed to align the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 of the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 along a predetermined direction.

[0128] A first liquid crystal layer LCL1 may be disposed on a first alignment film ALL1. The first liquid crystal layer LCL1 may include a first liquid crystal molecule LC1. The first liquid crystal molecule LC1 may have optical anisotropy, with its long-axis refractive index and short-axis refractive index being different from each other. As an example, the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 may be a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal.

[0129] The second alignment film ALL2 can be disposed on the first liquid crystal layer LCL1. The second alignment film ALL2 can be rubbed to align the first liquid crystal molecules LC1 of the first liquid crystal layer LCL1 along a predetermined direction. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0130] The upper electrode layer UE can be disposed on the second alignment film ALL2. The upper electrode layer UE may include a light-transmitting (e.g., transparent) conductive material such as ITO. The upper electrode layer UE can be applied with a driving voltage for driving the first liquid crystal layer LCL1. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and a reference voltage can be applied to the upper electrode layer UE.

[0131] A second buffer layer BFL2 may be disposed on the upper electrode layer UE. The second buffer layer BFL2 may include an inorganic insulating layer comprising inorganic materials. In an embodiment, the second buffer layer BFL2 may include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ), silicon nitride oxide (SiO) x N y ), such as aluminum oxide (AlO) x At least one of the metal oxides such as ). The second buffer layer BFL2 can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the second buffer layer BFL2 is multiple layers, the individual layers can be formed using the same material or can be formed using different materials. According to an embodiment, the second buffer layer BFL2 can be omitted.

[0132] A second substrate SUB2 may be disposed on the second buffer layer BFL2 (or on the upper electrode layer UE).

[0133] The lens array LSA can be disposed on the polarization conversion section POC. In one embodiment, the lens array LSA can be attached to the polarization conversion section POC using a second transparent adhesive material AD2. For example, the second substrate SUB2 can be attached to the lens array LSA using the second transparent adhesive material AD2. For example, the polarization conversion section POC and the lens array LSA can be manufactured separately and attached to each other.

[0134] The lens array LSA may include a third substrate SUB3, a third alignment film ALL3, a second liquid crystal layer LCL2, a fourth alignment film ALL4, a lens LS, and a fourth substrate SUB4, etc. According to an embodiment, the lens array LSA may also include one or more buffer layers.

[0135] A third alignment film ALL3 may be disposed on the third substrate SUB3. The third alignment film ALL3 may be rubbed to align the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 along a predetermined direction. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0136] A second liquid crystal layer LCL2 can be disposed on the third alignment film ALL3. The second liquid crystal layer LCL2 may include second liquid crystal molecules LC2. The second liquid crystal molecules LC2 may have optical anisotropy, with their long-axis refractive index and short-axis refractive index differing from each other. In one embodiment, the difference between the long-axis and short-axis refractive indices of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2 may be greater than the difference between the long-axis and short-axis refractive indices of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1. This allows for a more effective delivery of 3D images to the user.

[0137] A fourth alignment film ALL4 may be disposed on the second liquid crystal layer LCL2. The fourth alignment film ALL4 may be rubbed to align the second liquid crystal molecules LC2 of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 along a predetermined direction. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0138] A lens LS can be set on the fourth orientation film ALL4.

[0139] Reference Figure 16 Lens LS can have an upward convex shape.

[0140] In one embodiment, the lens LS may comprise an optically isotropic polymer. Figure 16 In one embodiment, the refractive index of the lens LS can be configured to be less than that of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2.

[0141] In the above embodiments, light incident along the minor axis of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2 can travel straight without refraction when passing through the lens LS. This allows for the display of 2D images. Conversely, light incident along the major axis of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2 can be refracted when passing through the lens LS, as if passing through a medium with a lower refractive index. Therefore, the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 can selectively function as a convex lens.

[0142] The fourth substrate SUB4 can be arranged on the lens LS. Light passing through the lens LS can be directed toward an area on the fourth substrate SUB4 to provide the user with a 2D or 3D image.

[0143] Furthermore, the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 may include a reactive mesogen. The second liquid crystal layer LCL2 has a mesogenic structure, thus allowing it to have a convex lens shape. The second liquid crystal layer LCL2 can be cured by reacting with light (e.g., ultraviolet light), thereby being fixed to have a predetermined liquid crystal phase. Accordingly, the interior of the second liquid crystal layer LCL2 can have an optically anisotropic fixed phase.

[0144] Reference Figure 16 The tilt angle of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 can be controlled based on the potential difference between the lower electrode layer LE and the upper electrode layer UE.

[0145] For example, if there is no potential difference between the lower electrode layer LE and the upper electrode layer UE, then light polarized in the polarization layer POL can be polarized along the short axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and incident along the short axis of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2. Thus, a 2D image can be displayed.

[0146] For example, if there is a potential difference between the lower electrode layer LE and the upper electrode layer UE, then light polarized in the polarization layer POL can pass through the long axis of the first liquid crystal molecule LC1 and be incident along the long axis of the second liquid crystal molecule LC2. This allows for the display of 3D images.

[0147] Figure 17 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating an electronic device 1000 including a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 18 It is shown Figure 17 A schematic diagram of an example of an electronic device 1000 implemented as a smartphone. Figure 19 It is shown Figure 17 A schematic diagram of an example of an electronic device 1000 implemented as a tablet personal computer.

[0148] Reference Figures 17 to 19The electronic device 1000 may include a processor 1010, a memory device 1020, a storage device 1030, an input / output device 1040, a power supply 1050, and a display device 1060. The display device 1060 may be... Figure 2 The display device 10. Furthermore, the electronic device 1000 may also include multiple ports capable of communicating with video cards, sound cards, memory cards, Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices, etc., or capable of communicating with other systems. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the electronic device 1000 can be implemented as a smartphone. In another embodiment, as... Figure 19 As shown, the electronic device 1000 can be implemented as a tablet personal computer. However, this is merely exemplary, and the electronic device 1000 is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device 1000 can also be implemented as a portable telephone, video phone, smart tablet, smartwatch, vehicle navigation system, computer monitor, laptop computer, head-mounted display device, etc.

[0149] Processor 1010 can perform specific calculations or tasks. According to embodiments, processor 1010 can be a microprocessor, central processing unit, application processor, etc. Processor 1010 can be connected to other components via address bus, control bus, and data bus. According to embodiments, processor 1010 can also be connected to an expansion bus such as a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus. According to embodiments, processor 1010 can provide input image data to display device 1060, thereby enabling display device 1060 to display an image based on the input image data provided by processor 1010.

[0150] The memory device 1020 can store data required for the operation of the electronic device 1000. The memory device 1020 can function as a task memory and / or buffer memory for the processor 1010. For example, the memory device 1020 may include one or more volatile memories such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, a static random access memory (SRAM) device, and a mobile DRAM device.

[0151] Storage device 1030 can store information in response to control signals or data output from processor 1010. Storage device 1030 may include one or more non-volatile memories for storing information even when electronic device 100 is powered off. In one embodiment, storage device 1030 may include a solid-state drive (SSD), a hard disk drive (HDD), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), etc.

[0152] Input / output device 1040 may include input devices such as a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, touch screen, mouse, etc., and output devices such as a speaker, printer, etc. According to an embodiment, display device 1060 may also be included in input / output device 1040.

[0153] Power supply 1050 can supply the power required for the operation of electronic device 1000. For example, power supply 1050 can be a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). According to an embodiment, power supply 1050 can supply power to display device 1060.

[0154] Display device 1060 can display images in response to control signals or data output from processor 1010. Display device 1060 can be connected to other components via the bus or other communication links.

[0155] While specific embodiments and application examples have been described herein, this is only provided to help to understand the present invention more fully. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Anyone with ordinary knowledge in the art to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications and variations based on such description.

[0156] Therefore, the concept of this utility model is not limited to the described embodiments, nor only to the claims, but also to all contents that are equivalent or modified to the claims.

[0157] Industrial availability

[0158] This invention can be applied to display devices and electronic devices including such display devices. For example, it can be applied to digital televisions (TV), 3D televisions, portable phones, smartphones, tablet computers, MR / AR / VR / XR devices, personal computers (PCs), home electronic devices, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable media players (PMPs), digital cameras, music players, portable game controllers, navigators, etc.

[0159] The above embodiments have been described, but those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the present invention without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A lens array, characterized in that, include: A polarizing layer that polarizes light; A first electrode layer is disposed on the polarization layer; A lens layer is disposed on the first electrode layer; as well as The second electrode layer is disposed on the lens layer.

2. The lens array as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization layer is formed using an imprinting process.

3. The lens array as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization layer is a wire grating polarization film.

4. The lens array as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization layer includes: Optical patterns; and A passivation layer covers the optical pattern.

5. The lens array as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first electrode layer and the lens layer. The lens layer is made of an optically isotropic polymer.

6. The lens array as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lens array also includes a first substrate. The polarization layer is disposed on the first substrate.

7. A display device, characterized in that, include: Display panel, comprising pixels; A lens array is arranged on the display panel. The lens array includes: A polarizing layer that polarizes light incident from the display panel; and A lens layer is disposed on the polarization layer.

8. The display device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The lens array is bonded to the display panel using an adhesive.

9. The display device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The lens array further includes: A first electrode layer is disposed on the polarization layer; A liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first electrode layer; and The second electrode layer is disposed on the liquid crystal layer. In the first mode, no driving voltage is supplied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the second mode, a driving voltage is supplied to either the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The processor is configured to provide input image data; The display panel includes a plurality of pixels that display an image in response to the input image data; as well as A lens array is arranged on the display panel. The lens array includes: A polarizing layer that polarizes light incident from the display panel; and A lens layer is disposed on the polarization layer.

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