Battery explosion-proof pressure relief device and solid-state battery

Abstract

The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device comprises a substrate, an explosion-proof pressure relief structure and a plastic part. The substrate is provided with a pressure relief through slot, and the explosion-proof pressure relief structure is composed of a pressure relief assembly, an explosion-proof valve and an explosion-proof membrane. The explosion-proof valve covers the pressure relief through slot, the pressure relief assembly comprises an exhaust metal shell and an insulating metal connecting piece, the insulating metal connecting piece connects one end of the exhaust metal shell and the substrate, the explosion-proof membrane is connected to the other end of the substrate, the plastic part covers the end face of the substrate adjacent to the insulating metal connecting piece, and the exhaust metal shell is provided with a plurality of pressure relief through holes. When the battery is in thermal runaway, the pressure relief assembly is not easy to deform due to the high melting point of aluminum alloy, the pressure relief channel can always be kept unobstructed, high-pressure gas can be quickly discharged out of the battery through the pressure relief through holes, the internal pressure of the battery is reduced, and the problem that the traditional cell cover plate is blocked by the explosion-proof valve and the pressure relief is hindered due to the melting of the plastic part is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the technical field of battery cell protection, and in particular to a battery explosion-proof pressure relief device and a solid-state battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, solid-state batteries have become a core development direction in fields such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their significant advantages such as high energy density and high safety. However, solid-state batteries face a major risk of thermal runaway during use. When the internal temperature of the cell rises sharply, it can trigger a series of chain reactions that endanger battery safety.

[0003] Traditional battery cell cover structures typically use a lower plastic layer or a support frame as supporting components, with plastic being the most common material. The basic working principle is to utilize the properties of the plastic layer or support frame to press and fix the core during normal operation. When the internal pressure of the battery cell increases, a pressure relief valve opens to release the pressure.

[0004] However, in practical applications, once thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell, the internal temperature will rapidly exceed the melting point of the plastic components. At this point, the lower plastic will melt and deform, thus failing to continue pressing the core. Material and fragments from the core will move towards the explosion-proof valve's pressure relief location with the airflow generated by thermal runaway, easily causing blockage and hindering the pressure relief process. If pressure relief is not timely or smooth, the internal pressure of the battery cell will continue to accumulate, potentially leading to an explosion and affecting the safety and reliability of the battery. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a battery explosion-proof pressure relief device and a solid-state battery that improves battery pressure relief safety by employing a pressure relief assembly with a metal structure.

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A battery explosion-proof pressure relief device, characterized in that it includes a base plate, an explosion-proof pressure relief structure, and plastic parts; the base plate has a pressure relief groove; and the explosion-proof pressure relief structure includes a pressure relief component, an explosion-proof valve, and an explosion-proof membrane.

[0008] The explosion-proof valve is connected to the base plate, and the explosion-proof valve is covered by the pressure relief groove. The pressure relief assembly includes an exhaust metal housing and an insulating metal connector. The insulating metal connector is connected to the exhaust metal housing and to the end face of the base plate away from the explosion-proof membrane. The insulating metal connector is disposed opposite to the pressure relief groove. The explosion-proof membrane is connected to the end face of the base plate away from the insulating metal connector. The plastic part is connected to the side of the base plate away from the explosion-proof membrane. The exhaust metal housing has multiple pressure relief holes.

[0009] In one embodiment, a plurality of the pressure relief holes are spaced apart on the side of the exhaust metal housing opposite to the explosion-proof valve.

[0010] In one embodiment, both the outer surface of the insulating metal connector and the outer surface of the exhaust metal housing are coated with a ceramic insulating coating.

[0011] In one embodiment, the insulating metal connector has a pressure relief buffer cavity, which is connected to the pressure relief through hole.

[0012] In one embodiment, the substrate is further provided with a valve receiving groove, which is located on the side of the substrate adjacent to the explosion-proof valve, and the explosion-proof valve is welded to the inner wall of the valve receiving groove.

[0013] In one embodiment, the substrate has a limiting boss, and the explosion-proof film is disposed on the limiting boss.

[0014] In one embodiment, the plastic part has a positive electrode through groove and a negative electrode through groove, and the substrate has a positive electrode through hole and a negative electrode through hole. The positive electrode through groove is connected to the positive electrode through hole, and the negative electrode through groove is connected to the negative electrode through hole.

[0015] In one embodiment, the plastic part has a positive limit boss and a negative limit boss, and the substrate has a positive limit groove and a negative limit groove. The positive limit boss is fixed in the positive limit groove, and the negative limit boss is fixed in the negative limit groove.

[0016] In one embodiment, the plastic part is further provided with a device receiving groove and a plurality of air vents, a portion of the explosion-proof pressure relief structure passes through the device receiving groove, and the plurality of air vents are spaced apart around the device receiving groove.

[0017] This application also provides a solid-state battery, including the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device described in any embodiment.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0019] The aforementioned battery explosion-proof pressure relief device, due to the aluminum alloy structure of the exhaust metal shell and insulating metal connectors, effectively ensures that the pressure relief components are not easily deformed under normal thermal runaway conditions, and the pressure relief channel remains unobstructed. High-pressure gas can be quickly discharged to the outside of the battery through multiple pressure relief holes on the exhaust metal shell, thereby effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery. This avoids the problem of traditional plastic parts of the cell cover melting when the temperature exceeds the melting point of the plastic parts during cell thermal runaway, making it impossible to press the core, and the core material and fragments may move with the thermal runaway airflow to the explosion-proof valve pressure relief position, causing the explosion-proof valve to be blocked, thus hindering pressure relief. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial exploded view of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device shown;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Another partially exploded view of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device shown;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the substrate.

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the explosion-proof pressure relief structure. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0027] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] To better understand the technical solutions and beneficial effects of this disclosure, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0030] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate 100, an explosion-proof pressure relief structure 200 and a plastic part 300. The substrate has a pressure relief groove 1001. The explosion-proof pressure relief structure 200 includes a pressure relief component 210, an explosion-proof valve 220 and an explosion-proof membrane 230.

[0031] An explosion-proof valve 220 is connected to the base plate 100 and covers the pressure relief groove 1001. The pressure relief assembly 210 includes an exhaust metal housing 211 and an insulating metal connector 212. The insulating metal connector 212 is connected to the exhaust metal housing 211 and to the end face of the base plate 100 away from the explosion-proof membrane 230. The insulating metal connector 212 is disposed opposite to the pressure relief groove 1001. The explosion-proof membrane 230 is connected to the end face of the base plate 100 away from the insulating metal connector 212. The plastic part 300 is connected to the side of the base plate 100 away from the explosion-proof membrane 230. The exhaust metal housing 211 has multiple pressure relief holes 2101.

[0032] In this embodiment, under normal battery operation, the amount of gas generated inside the battery is small, and the pressure is within the normal range. At this time, the explosion-proof pressure relief structure 200 is in an initial sealed state, and all components are tightly fitted to prevent leakage of internal battery materials and the entry of external impurities into the battery. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the internal temperature of the battery rises sharply, generating a large amount of gas, which causes the internal pressure of the battery to increase rapidly. As the pressure continues to rise, when the pressure reaches the withstand limit of the explosion-proof membrane 230, the explosion-proof membrane 230 ruptures first, and then the high-pressure gas inside the battery rushes rapidly towards the explosion-proof valve 220. Since the explosion-proof valve 220 and the insulating metal connector 212 are arranged opposite each other, and the insulating metal connector 212 is connected to the substrate 100 by welding, and both the insulating metal connector 212 and the exhaust metal shell 211 are aluminum alloy structures, they will not deform under high temperature and high pressure environments. Therefore, the insulating metal connector 212 and the exhaust metal shell 211 can withstand the impact force of high temperature and high pressure gas. Furthermore, when the high-temperature and high-pressure gas impacts the explosion-proof valve 220, it forces the explosion-proof valve 220 to be opened. At this time, the gas enters the exhaust metal housing 211 of the pressure relief assembly 210 through the explosion-proof valve 220.

[0033] Specifically, multiple pressure relief holes 2101 on the exhaust metal casing 211 provide a gas discharge channel. High-pressure gas is quickly discharged to the outside of the battery through these pressure relief holes 2101, thereby effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery and avoiding the risk of battery explosion due to excessive pressure. At the same time, during the entire pressure relief process, since the pressure relief assembly 210 is made of aluminum alloy, its support can be effectively guaranteed, and it will not deform in the event of thermal runaway, thus keeping the pressure relief channel unobstructed at all times, further improving the safety performance of the cell.

[0034] The aforementioned battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10, because the exhaust metal housing 211 and the insulating metal connector 212 are made of aluminum alloy, effectively ensures that the pressure relief component 210 is not easily deformed under normal thermal runaway conditions, and always keeps the pressure relief channel unobstructed. High-pressure gas can be quickly discharged to the outside of the battery through multiple pressure relief holes 2101 on the exhaust metal housing 211, thereby effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery. This avoids the problem of the plastic parts of the traditional cell cover plate, where the temperature exceeds the melting point of the plastic parts 300 during cell thermal runaway, causing the plastic parts 300 to melt and fail to press the core, and the core material and fragments may move with the thermal runaway airflow to the pressure relief position of the explosion-proof valve, causing the explosion-proof valve 220 to be blocked, thus hindering pressure relief.

[0035] like Figure 5As shown, in one embodiment, multiple pressure relief holes 2101 are spaced apart on the side of the exhaust metal housing 211 opposite to the explosion-proof valve 220. In this embodiment, the spaced-apart pressure relief holes 2101 increase the gas discharge area, allowing the gas to disperse and flow out more quickly, shortening the pressure relief time, and effectively preventing further accumulation of internal battery pressure due to excessive local pressure and untimely gas discharge. This more efficiently reduces the internal battery pressure and lowers the risk of cell explosion. On the other hand, when high-pressure gas is discharged through the pressure relief holes 2101, the spaced-apart pressure relief holes 2101 can disperse and buffer the airflow, preventing excessive impact and damage to the exhaust metal housing 211 due to overly concentrated airflow, extending the service life of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10, and improving the reliability of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, both the outer surfaces of the insulating metal connector 212 and the venting metal housing 211 are coated with a ceramic insulating coating. In this embodiment, the ceramic insulating coating has extremely high resistivity, effectively blocking current conduction. Even if abnormal changes in the local electric field occur inside the battery due to thermal runaway or other conditions, or if conductive substances such as tiny metal particles adhere to the surfaces of the insulating metal connector 212 and the venting metal housing 211, the ceramic insulating coating can effectively prevent current from contacting the conductive substances on the surface of the insulating metal connector or the venting metal housing to form a short circuit, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the internal electrical system of the battery and avoiding battery overheating problems caused by short circuits.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the insulating metal connector 212 has a pressure relief buffer chamber 2102, which is connected to the pressure relief through hole 2101. In this embodiment, when the battery experiences thermal runaway and generates high-pressure gas, the gas first impacts the explosion-proof valve 220 to open it, and then enters the exhaust metal housing 211. At this time, some gas is directly discharged through the pressure relief through hole 2101, while another part of the gas enters the pressure relief buffer chamber 2102, which is connected to the pressure relief through hole 2101. The pressure relief buffer chamber 2102 provides a temporary storage and buffer space for the gas, making the gas discharge process more stable and orderly, thereby preventing a large amount of gas from rushing out rapidly in a short period of time. This prevents a sudden drop in the internal pressure of the battery due to excessively rapid pressure relief, reduces the impact on the internal structure of the battery, and ensures the stability of the battery during the pressure relief process.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the substrate 100 also has a valve receiving groove 1002, which is located on the side of the substrate 100 adjacent to the explosion-proof valve 220. The explosion-proof valve 220 is welded to the inner wall of the valve receiving groove 1002. In this embodiment, the welded connection reduces the gap between the explosion-proof valve 220 and the substrate 100, effectively preventing the leakage of gas inside the battery and the intrusion of external impurities, thus maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the battery. Furthermore, when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-pressure gas impacts the explosion-proof valve 220, and the welded structure can still withstand the enormous pressure, preventing gas leakage from the connection and ensuring that the gas can be discharged outside the battery through the pressure relief component 210 along a preset path, avoiding pressure accumulation and explosion risks caused by gas leakage.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the substrate 100 has a limiting boss 110, and the explosion-proof film 230 covers the limiting boss 110. In this embodiment, when the battery is subjected to external impact or drastic changes in internal pressure, the limiting boss 110 can provide reliable support for the explosion-proof film 230, preventing the explosion-proof film 230 from shifting or being damaged due to external impact. In addition, the presence of the limiting boss 110 also enhances the overall structural strength of the substrate 100, enabling the substrate 100 to better withstand the impact force of high-pressure gas inside the battery, improving the impact resistance of the entire battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10, and ensuring the safe operation of the battery in complex working environments.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the plastic part 300 has a positive electrode through groove 3001 and a negative electrode through groove 3002, and the substrate 100 has a positive electrode through hole 1003 and a negative electrode through hole 1004. The positive electrode through groove 3001 is connected to the positive electrode through hole 1003, and the negative electrode through groove 3002 is connected to the negative electrode through hole 1004. In this embodiment, due to the precise positioning of the through grooves and through holes, the positive and negative electrode connecting components always maintain a safe distance during installation and use, avoiding the risk of direct contact and short circuit due to component misalignment or offset. Furthermore, the plastic part 300 itself has insulating properties, further isolating the positive and negative electrodes, enhancing the electrical insulation of the battery, reducing the possibility of safety accidents such as thermal runaway, fire, and explosion caused by short circuits, and providing strong protection for the safe operation of the battery.

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the plastic part 300 has a positive limit boss 310 and a negative limit boss 320, and the substrate 100 has a positive limit groove 1005 and a negative limit groove 1006. The positive limit boss 310 is fixed in the positive limit groove 1005, and the negative limit boss 320 is fixed in the negative limit groove 1006. In this embodiment, the cooperation between the positive limit boss 310 and the positive limit groove 1005, and the negative limit boss 320 and the negative limit groove 1006, provides precise positioning for the installation of the plastic part 300 on the substrate 100. During assembly, operators can quickly and accurately place the plastic part 300 in the correct position, ensuring precise alignment and connection between the positive electrode through groove 3001 and the positive electrode through hole 1003, and between the negative electrode through groove 3002 and the negative electrode through hole 1004. This improves the assembly efficiency of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10 and ensures the accuracy of the internal electrical connections of the battery, avoiding problems such as poor contact or short circuits caused by installation deviations. Simultaneously, the fixed connection method of the boss and the groove makes the plastic part 300 more securely mounted on the substrate 100. During battery use, even under external forces such as vibration and impact, the plastic part 300 is not prone to displacement or loosening, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the plastic part 300 also has a device receiving groove 3003 and multiple vent holes 3004. A portion of the explosion-proof pressure relief structure 200 passes through the device receiving groove 3003, and the multiple vent holes 3004 are spaced apart around the device receiving groove 3003. In this embodiment, when the battery experiences thermal runaway and generates a large amount of high-pressure gas, this gas will rapidly diffuse outwards after breaking through the explosion-proof membrane 230 and the explosion-proof valve 220. The spaced distribution of the vent holes 3004 can guide the gas to flow out evenly from all directions, avoiding gas accumulation in local areas. This allows the gas to enter the pressure relief through-hole 2101 of the exhaust metal casing 211 more quickly and smoothly, thereby shortening the gas's residence time in the device, improving pressure relief efficiency, and reducing the internal pressure of the battery more promptly, thus reducing the risk of battery explosion.

[0043] This application also provides a solid-state battery, including a battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10 according to any embodiment. In this embodiment, under normal battery operation, the amount of gas generated inside the battery is small, and the pressure is within the normal range. At this time, the explosion-proof pressure relief structure 200 is in an initial sealed state, and all components are tightly fitted to prevent leakage of internal battery materials and the entry of external impurities into the battery. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the internal temperature of the battery rises sharply and a large amount of gas is generated, causing the internal pressure of the battery to increase rapidly. As the pressure continues to rise, when the pressure reaches the withstand limit of the explosion-proof membrane 230, the explosion-proof membrane 230 ruptures first, and then the high-pressure gas inside the battery rushes towards the explosion-proof valve 220. Since the explosion-proof valve 220 is connected to the insulating metal connector 212, and both the insulating metal connector 212 and the exhaust metal housing 211 are aluminum alloy structures, they will not deform under high temperature and high pressure environments and can stably withstand the impact force of the gas. Furthermore, the high-pressure gas impacts the explosion-proof valve 220 and causes the explosion-proof valve 220 to open. At this time, the gas enters the exhaust metal housing 211 of the pressure relief assembly 210 through the explosion-proof valve 220. Specifically, multiple pressure relief holes 2101 on the exhaust metal casing 211 provide a gas discharge channel. High-pressure gas is quickly discharged to the outside of the battery through these pressure relief holes 2101, thereby effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery and avoiding the risk of battery explosion due to excessive pressure. At the same time, during the entire pressure relief process, since the pressure relief assembly 210 is made of aluminum alloy, it can effectively ensure support. Under normal thermal runaway conditions, the pressure relief assembly 210 will not deform, thus keeping the pressure relief channel unobstructed at all times, further improving the safety performance of the cell.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0045] The aforementioned battery explosion-proof pressure relief device 10, because the exhaust metal housing 211 and the insulating metal connector 212 are made of aluminum alloy, effectively ensures that the pressure relief component 210 is not easily deformed under normal thermal runaway conditions, and always keeps the pressure relief channel unobstructed. High-pressure gas can be quickly discharged to the outside of the battery through the multiple pressure relief holes 2101 on the exhaust metal housing 211, thereby effectively reducing the internal pressure of the battery. This avoids the problem that the plastic part 300 of the traditional cell cover plate will melt and fail to press the core when the temperature exceeds the melting point of the plastic part 300 during cell thermal runaway, and the core material and fragments may move with the thermal runaway airflow to the pressure relief position of the explosion-proof valve, causing the explosion-proof valve 220 to be blocked, thus hindering pressure relief.

[0046] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosed patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery explosion-proof pressure relief device, characterized in that, The system includes a substrate, an explosion-proof pressure relief structure, and plastic parts. The substrate has a pressure relief groove, and the explosion-proof pressure relief structure includes a pressure relief assembly, an explosion-proof valve, and an explosion-proof membrane. The explosion-proof valve is connected to the base plate, and the explosion-proof valve is covered by the pressure relief groove. The pressure relief assembly includes an exhaust metal housing and an insulating metal connector. The insulating metal connector is connected to the exhaust metal housing and to the end face of the base plate away from the explosion-proof membrane. The insulating metal connector is disposed opposite to the pressure relief groove. The explosion-proof membrane is connected to the end face of the base plate away from the insulating metal connector. The plastic part is connected to the side of the base plate away from the explosion-proof membrane. The exhaust metal housing has multiple pressure relief holes.

2. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple pressure relief holes are spaced apart on the side of the exhaust metal housing opposite to the explosion-proof valve.

3. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the outer surface of the insulating metal connector and the outer surface of the exhaust metal housing are coated with a ceramic insulating coating.

4. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating metal connector has a pressure relief buffer cavity, which is connected to the pressure relief through hole.

5. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is also provided with a valve receiving groove, which is located on the side of the substrate adjacent to the explosion-proof valve, and the explosion-proof valve is welded to the inner wall of the valve receiving groove.

6. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The substrate has a limiting boss, and the explosion-proof film is disposed on the limiting boss.

7. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plastic part has a positive electrode through groove and a negative electrode through groove, and the substrate has a positive electrode through hole and a negative electrode through hole. The positive electrode through groove is connected to the positive electrode through hole, and the negative electrode through groove is connected to the negative electrode through hole.

8. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plastic part has a positive limit boss and a negative limit boss, and the substrate has a positive limit groove and a negative limit groove. The positive limit boss is fixed in the positive limit groove, and the negative limit boss is fixed in the negative limit groove.

9. The battery explosion-proof pressure relief device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plastic part is also provided with a device receiving groove and multiple air vents. Part of the explosion-proof pressure relief structure passes through the device receiving groove, and the multiple air vents are spaced apart around the device receiving groove.

10. A solid-state battery, characterized in that, Includes the battery explosion-proof pressure relief device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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