Solid-state battery and battery module

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a solid-state battery and a battery module. The solid-state battery comprises a shell, an electrode core, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a cover plate, a glue seal and a glue ring. The electrode core, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are all installed in the shell. The positive tab of the electrode core is connected with the positive current collector, and the negative tab of the electrode core is connected with the negative current collector. The negative current collector is connected with the cover plate. The gap between the negative current collector and the cover plate forms a first pressure relief gas outlet area. The gap between the negative current collector and the shell forms a second pressure relief gas outlet area. The glue ring is located in the second pressure relief gas outlet area and clamps against the negative current collector and the shell. The glue seal is connected with the cover plate, the shell and the glue ring, so that the glue seal is blocked in the first pressure relief gas outlet area and the second pressure relief gas outlet area. The glue seal is used to burst when high temperature and high pressure gas is formed in the battery. The cover plate does not need to be assembled with an explosion-proof valve, so that the overall structure of the battery is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a solid-state battery and battery module. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state batteries use solid electrodes and solid electrolytes (such as sulfides, oxides, or polymers) instead of traditional liquid electrolytes. Their working principle is the same as that of traditional lithium-ion batteries, achieving charging and discharging through the migration of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. In traditional technology, to prevent explosions or fires in the event of thermal runaway, solid-state batteries typically have explosion-proof valves on the cover plate. These valves allow high-temperature, high-pressure gases to be forced open, thus achieving pressure relief.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application number CN202223441364.2 discloses a solid-state explosion-proof battery, including a battery cover, positive and negative electrode components, a battery cell pack, and a shell. The positive and negative electrode components are connected to the battery cell pack through the battery cover. The battery cell pack is fitted inside the shell. An explosion-proof valve position is provided at the bottom and / or side of the shell. The thickness of the explosion-proof valve position is less than the thickness of the shell.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned solid-state explosion-proof battery structural design has the following problems during use:

[0005] The aforementioned battery has an explosion-proof valve at the bottom or side of the casing. The explosion-proof valve will be opened under high temperature and high pressure to release the gas inside the casing. However, the explosion-proof valve needs to be made of high temperature resistant materials (such as aluminum alloy) and then assembled on the casing by laser welding process. This makes the assembly process complicated, increases the production cost, and makes the overall structure of the battery more complex.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solid-state battery that does not require the assembly of explosion-proof valves and has a relatively simple structure. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a solid-state battery and battery module that does not require the assembly of explosion-proof valves and has a relatively simple structure.

[0008] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A solid-state battery, comprising:

[0010] The solid-state battery includes a casing, a battery cell, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a rubber ring, and a cover plate. The battery cell, the positive current collector, and the negative current collector are all installed inside the casing. The positive electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the positive current collector, and the negative electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the negative current collector. The negative current collector is connected to the cover plate. The gap at the junction of the negative current collector and the cover plate forms a first pressure relief and venting area. The gap between the negative current collector and the casing forms a second pressure relief and venting area. The rubber ring is located in the second pressure relief and venting area and is clamped and abutted between the negative current collector and the casing. The solid-state battery also includes a sealant. The sealant is connected to the cover plate, the casing, and the rubber ring respectively, so that the sealant seals the first pressure relief and venting area and the second pressure relief and venting area. The sealant is used to be opened when high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed inside the battery.

[0011] In one embodiment, the sealing component includes a first sealant and a second sealant connected to each other. The first sealant is connected to the cover plate and the negative electrode manifold, respectively, so that the first sealant seals the first pressure relief venting area. The second sealant is connected to the negative electrode manifold, the rubber ring and the housing, respectively, so that the second sealant seals the second pressure relief venting area.

[0012] In one embodiment, the negative electrode current collector is bent on one side adjacent to the cover plate to form a snap-fit ​​portion, the snap-fit ​​portion covers the periphery of the cover plate, the periphery of the snap-fit ​​portion abuts against the rubber ring, and the top of the snap-fit ​​portion is connected to the first sealant and the second sealant respectively.

[0013] In one embodiment, the snap-on portion and the cover plate together form an embedding groove, and a boss is provided on one side of the first sealant adjacent to the battery cell, the boss being located within the embedding groove.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first sealant has a ring-shaped structure; and / or,

[0015] The second sealant has a ring-shaped structure.

[0016] In one embodiment, the cover plate includes a first conductive portion, a second conductive portion, and a third conductive portion stacked sequentially, the fastening portion covers the third conductive portion, the second conductive portion and the fastening portion form the embedding groove, the second conductive portion is flush with the first sealant, and the first conductive portion is used to abut against the electrical connection device.

[0017] In one embodiment, the negative current collector is provided with heat dissipation holes, which are disposed opposite to the first conductive part.

[0018] In one embodiment, the end of the battery cell adjacent to the positive current collector is provided with a first flattened portion, the first flattened portion is provided with a first flattened surface, and the first flattened surface is connected to the positive current collector.

[0019] In one embodiment, the end of the battery cell adjacent to the negative current collector is provided with a second flattened portion, the second flattened portion is provided with a second flattened surface, and the second flattened surface is connected to the negative current collector.

[0020] A battery module comprising the solid-state battery described in any of the above embodiments.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0022] 1. In the solid-state battery described above, the positive current collector is installed inside the casing and connected to the positive electrode tab of the cell. The negative electrode tab of the cell is connected to the negative current collector. A rubber ring is clamped between the negative current collector and the cover plate to improve the sealing performance. Since solid-state batteries do not contain electrolyte, the cover plate is assembled by adhesive sealing. That is, the periphery of the cover plate is sealed to the casing by adhesive sealing, so that the adhesive sealing blocks the first pressure relief venting area and the second pressure relief venting area. This avoids the problem of low strength of the casing caused by traditional laser welding. Moreover, since the adhesive sealing is prone to melting under high temperature and high pressure, its connection strength with the casing is reduced, so the adhesive sealing can be blown open by gas, realizing the function of explosion-proof pressure relief. That is, there is no need to assemble an explosion-proof valve on the cover plate, thus simplifying the overall structure of the battery.

[0023] 2. The solid-state battery described above simplifies the overall structure of the battery and reduces production costs by eliminating the upper and lower plastic parts and sealing ring structure of traditional batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state battery in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the solid-state battery shown.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a magnified view of the solid-state battery at point A.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the encapsulation component for a solid-state battery is shown.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cover plate of the solid-state battery is shown.

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the negative electrode current collector of a solid-state battery. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0032] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] This disclosure provides a solid-state battery, including a casing, a battery cell, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a cover plate, an adhesive sealant, and an adhesive ring. The battery cell, the positive current collector, and the negative current collector are all installed inside the casing. The positive electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the positive current collector, and the negative electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the negative current collector. The negative current collector is connected to the cover plate. The gap at the junction of the negative current collector and the cover plate forms a first pressure relief and venting area. The gap between the negative current collector and the casing forms a second pressure relief and venting area. The adhesive ring is located in the second pressure relief and venting area and is clamped and abutted between the negative current collector and the casing. The adhesive sealant is connected to the cover plate, the casing, and the adhesive ring respectively, so that the adhesive sealant seals the first pressure relief and venting area and the second pressure relief and venting area. The adhesive sealant is used to be opened when high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed inside the battery.

[0035] In the aforementioned solid-state battery, the positive current collector is installed inside the casing and connected to the positive electrode tab of the cell. The negative electrode tab of the cell is connected to the negative current collector. A rubber ring is clamped between the negative current collector and the cover plate to improve sealing performance. Since solid-state batteries do not contain electrolyte, the cover plate is assembled using a rubber seal. That is, the periphery of the cover plate is sealed to the casing through the rubber seal, which blocks the first and second pressure relief venting areas. This avoids the problem of low strength of the casing caused by traditional laser welding. Furthermore, because the connection strength between the rubber seal and the casing decreases under high temperature and pressure, the rubber seal can be blown open by gas, achieving the function of explosion-proof pressure relief. That is, there is no need to assemble an explosion-proof valve on the cover plate, thus simplifying the overall structure of the battery. By eliminating the upper and lower plastic parts and sealing ring structure of traditional batteries, the overall structure of the battery is further simplified, reducing production costs.

[0036] To better understand the technical solutions and beneficial effects of this disclosure, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0037] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a solid-state battery 10 according to one embodiment includes a housing 100, a battery cell 200, a positive current collector 300, a negative current collector 400, a cover plate 500, an adhesive sealant 600, and an adhesive ring 700. The battery cell 200, the positive current collector 300, and the negative current collector 400 are all installed inside the housing 100. The positive electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the positive current collector 300, and the negative electrode tab of the battery cell 200 is connected to the negative current collector 400. The negative current collector 400 is connected to the cover plate 500, and the gap between the negative current collector 400 and the cover plate 500 forms a first... A first pressure relief venting area (not shown) is formed by the gap at the junction of the negative electrode current collector 400 and the housing 100. A second pressure relief venting area (not shown) is formed by the gap at the junction of the negative electrode current collector 400 and the housing 100. The rubber ring 700 is located in the second pressure relief venting area and is clamped and abutted between the negative electrode current collector 400 and the housing 100. The rubber seal 600 is connected to the cover plate 500, the housing 100 and the rubber ring 700 respectively, so that the rubber seal seals the first pressure relief venting area and the second pressure relief venting area. The rubber seal 600 is used to break open when high temperature and high pressure gas is formed inside the battery. Specifically, the negative current collector is welded to the cover plate, and the gap at the welded part of the negative current collector and the cover plate forms the first pressure relief and venting area. The gap between the negative current collector and the shell forms the second pressure relief and venting area. The sealant is sealed in the first pressure relief and venting area and the second pressure relief and venting area. The rubber ring is located in the second pressure relief and venting area and is clamped and abutted between the shell and the negative current collector. The sealant and the rubber ring are made of silicone or epoxy resin. At high temperatures (such as 200℃-300℃), the sealant and the rubber ring will soften, which reduces the connection strength between the sealant and the rubber ring and the negative current collector, the cover plate and the shell respectively. At this time, gas is generated inside the battery due to high temperature, which increases the internal gas pressure of the battery. When the internal pressure reaches 100kPa-150 kPa, the sealant will be ruptured to achieve the pressure relief function.

[0038] In this embodiment, the battery cell 200 and the positive current collector 300 are laser-welded and then placed inside the housing 100. The positive current collector 300 is then assembled with the bottom of the housing 100 by through welding. Then, the negative current collector 400 is laser-welded to the battery cell 200, and then the negative current collector 400 is welded to the cover plate 500 to make the battery conductive. Finally, the rubber ring 700 is placed between the cover plate 500 and the housing 100, and then the sealant 600 is used to seal and fix the cover plate 500 and the housing 100. Understandably, since the solid-state battery 10 uses solid electrodes and solid electrolytes, i.e., no electrolyte, the cover plate 500 can be assembled by adhesive sealing. The cover plate 500 and the housing 100 are sealed and fixed by adhesive sealing component 600. Under high temperature and high pressure, the connection stability between adhesive sealing component 600 and housing 100 is reduced, allowing adhesive sealing component 600 to be blown open by gas. In this way, adhesive sealing component 600 can replace the traditional explosion-proof valve structure, avoiding the problem of low strength caused by welding the cover plate 500 and explosion-proof valve. This makes the battery structure simpler and reduces production costs.

[0039] In the aforementioned solid-state battery 10, the positive current collector 300 is installed inside the housing 100 and connected to one end of the cell 200. The other end of the cell 200 is connected to the negative current collector 400. A rubber ring 700 is clamped between the negative current collector 400 and the cover plate 500 to improve sealing performance. Since the solid-state battery 10 has no electrolyte, the cover plate 500 is assembled by adhesive sealing. That is, the periphery of the cover plate 500 is sealed to the housing 100 by the adhesive sealing component 600, avoiding the problem of low strength of the housing 100 due to traditional laser welding. Moreover, since the connection strength between the adhesive sealing component 600 and the housing 100 is reduced under high temperature and high pressure, the adhesive sealing component 600 can be blown open by gas, realizing the function of explosion-proof pressure relief. That is, there is no need to assemble an explosion-proof valve on the cover plate 500, thus simplifying the overall structure of the battery. By eliminating the upper and lower plastic parts and sealing ring structure of traditional batteries, the overall structure of the battery is further simplified, and the production cost is reduced.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the sealant 600 includes a first sealant 610 and a second sealant 620 connected to each other. The first sealant 610 is connected to the cover plate 500 and the negative electrode manifold 400 respectively, so that the first sealant 610 seals the first pressure relief venting area. The second sealant 620 is connected to the negative electrode manifold 400, the rubber ring 700 and the housing 100 respectively, so that the second sealant 610 seals the second pressure relief venting area. In this embodiment, after welding the negative current collector 400 to the cover plate 500, the cover plate 500 and the negative current collector are sealed with a first sealant 610, which blocks the first pressure relief vent area. Then, a rubber ring 700 is placed between the housing 100 and the negative current collector 400, so that the rubber ring 700 is interference-fitted with the housing 100 and the negative current collector 400. Finally, a second sealant 620 is used to seal the cover plate 500 and the housing 100, which blocks the second pressure relief vent area. In this way, the segmented sealing with the first sealant 610 and the second sealant 620 makes the sealing process of the housing 100 and the cover plate 500 more precise, thereby making the battery sealing effect better.

[0041] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the negative electrode current collector 400 is bent on one side adjacent to the cover plate 500 to form a retaining edge 410. The retaining edge 410 covers the periphery of the cover plate 500, and the periphery of the retaining edge 410 abuts against the rubber ring 700. The top of the retaining edge 410 is connected to the first sealant 610 and the second sealant 620, respectively. In this embodiment, the retaining edge 410 is formed by bending one side of the negative electrode current collector 400 adjacent to the cover plate 500. The retaining edge 410 covers the periphery of the cover plate 500, increasing the connection strength between the negative electrode current collector 400 and the cover plate 500. At the same time, the retaining edge 410 also increases the contact area between the negative electrode current collector 400 and the cover plate 500, increasing the current flow area to adapt to the high-rate charging and discharging of the solid-state battery 10.

[0042] In another embodiment, a first pressure relief venting area is formed between the snap-on portion 410 and the cover plate 500, and a second pressure relief venting area is formed between the snap-on portion 410 and the housing 100.

[0043] like Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment, the snap-on portion 410 and the cover plate 500 together form an embedding groove 411. A boss 611 protrudes from one side of the first sealant 610 adjacent to the battery cell 200, and the boss 611 is located within the embedding groove 411. In this embodiment, the snap-on portion 410 and the cover plate 500 together form the embedding groove 411, and the boss 611 of the first sealant 610 is embedded within the embedding groove 411, resulting in a stronger connection between the first sealant 610 and the cover plate 500, i.e., the negative electrode current collector 400.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the first sealant 610 has a ring-shaped structure, and the second sealant 620 has a ring-shaped structure, so that the first sealant 610 and the second sealant 620 seal the cover plate 500 and the housing 100.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the cover plate 500 includes a first conductive part 510, a second conductive part 520 and a third conductive part 530 stacked sequentially. The fastening edge part 410 covers the third conductive part 530. The second conductive part 520 and the fastening edge part 410 form the embedding groove 411. The second conductive part 520 is flush with the first sealant 610. The first conductive part 510 is used to abut against the electrical connection device. Understandably, the first conductive part 510, the second conductive part 520 and the third conductive part 530 are stacked in sequence, and the diameters of the first conductive part 510, the second conductive part 520 and the third conductive part 530 increase in sequence. The third conductive part 530 is located inside the housing 100, and the periphery of the third conductive part 530 is covered by the retaining edge part 410. The protrusion 611 of the first sealant 610 is embedded in the embedding groove 411, so that the first sealant 610, the second sealant 620 and the second conductive part 520 are flush, thereby making the end face of the battery flat. The first conductive part 510 is used to contact with the electrical connection device so that current can pass through.

[0046] like Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the negative current collector 400 has a heat dissipation hole 420, which is disposed opposite to the first conductive part 510. In this embodiment, the negative current collector 400 is connected to the third conductive part 530, and the heat dissipation hole 420 is opened in the middle of the negative current collector 400. The third conductive part 530 opposite to this area is hollowed out, so that the heat dissipation hole 420 is disposed opposite to the first conductive part 510. In this way, the high temperature and high pressure gas inside the battery can pass through the heat dissipation hole 420 to achieve the function of heat dissipation and pressure relief.

[0047] like Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment, the end of the battery cell 200 adjacent to the positive current collector 300 has a protruding first flattened portion 210. The first flattened portion 210 has a first flattened surface, which is connected to the positive current collector 300. In this embodiment, the bottom of the battery cell 200 has the first flattened portion 210, which has a first flattened surface. The first flattened surface is connected to the positive current collector 300, which increases the contact area between the battery cell 200 and the positive current collector 300, thereby increasing the current flow area and improving the charge / discharge rate of the battery.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the end of the battery cell 200 adjacent to the negative current collector 400 has a protruding second flattened portion 220, which has a second flattened surface connected to the negative current collector 400. In this embodiment, the top of the battery cell 200 has the second flattened portion 220, which has a second flattened surface connected to the negative current collector 400. This increases the contact area between the battery cell 200 and the negative current collector 400, thereby increasing the current flow area and improving the charge / discharge rate of the battery.

[0049] This application also provides a battery module, including the solid-state battery 10 described in any of the above embodiments.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages:

[0051] 1. In the solid-state battery 10 described above, the positive current collector 300 is installed inside the housing 100 and connected to the positive electrode tab of the cell 200. The negative electrode tab of the cell 200 is connected to the negative current collector 400. A rubber ring 700 is clamped between the negative current collector 400 and the cover plate 500 to improve the sealing performance. Since the solid-state battery 10 has no electrolyte, the cover plate 500 is assembled by adhesive sealing. That is, the periphery of the cover plate 500 is sealed to the housing 100 by the adhesive sealing component 600. The adhesive sealing component 600 is sealed in the first pressure relief venting area and the second pressure relief venting area, avoiding the problem of low strength of the housing 100 due to traditional laser welding. Moreover, since the connection strength between the adhesive sealing component 600 and the housing 100 is reduced under high temperature and high pressure, the adhesive sealing component 600 can be blown open by gas, realizing the function of explosion-proof pressure relief. That is, there is no need to assemble an explosion-proof valve on the cover plate 500, thus simplifying the overall structure of the battery.

[0052] 2. The solid-state battery 10 described above simplifies the overall structure of the battery and reduces production costs by eliminating the upper and lower plastic parts and sealing ring structure of traditional batteries.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solid-state battery, comprising a casing, a battery cell, a positive current collector, a negative current collector, a rubber ring, and a cover plate, wherein the battery cell, the positive current collector, and the negative current collector are all installed within the casing; the positive electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the positive current collector; the negative electrode tab of the battery cell is connected to the negative current collector; the negative current collector is connected to the cover plate; the gap at the junction of the negative current collector and the cover plate forms a first pressure relief and venting area; the gap between the negative current collector and the casing forms a second pressure relief and venting area; the rubber ring is located within the second pressure relief and venting area, and the rubber ring is clamped and abutted between the negative current collector and the casing, characterized in that... The solid-state battery also includes an adhesive sealant, which is connected to the cover plate, the housing and the rubber ring respectively, so that the adhesive sealant seals the first pressure relief venting area and the second pressure relief venting area. The adhesive sealant is used to be opened when high temperature and high pressure gas is formed inside the battery.

2. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing component includes a first sealant and a second sealant connected to each other. The first sealant is connected to the cover plate and the negative electrode manifold respectively, so that the first sealant seals the first pressure relief venting area. The second sealant is connected to the negative electrode manifold, the rubber ring and the housing respectively, so that the second sealant seals the second pressure relief venting area.

3. The solid-state battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The negative electrode current collector is bent on one side adjacent to the cover plate to form a snap-fit ​​edge. The snap-fit ​​edge covers the periphery of the cover plate, and the periphery of the snap-fit ​​edge abuts against the rubber ring. The top of the snap-fit ​​edge is connected to the first sealant and the second sealant respectively.

4. The solid-state battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The buckle portion and the cover plate together form an embedding groove, and a boss is provided on one side of the first sealant adjacent to the battery cell, and the boss is located in the embedding groove.

5. The solid-state battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first sealant has a ring-shaped structure; and / or, The second sealant has a ring-shaped structure.

6. The solid-state battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cover plate includes a first conductive part, a second conductive part, and a third conductive part stacked in sequence. The fastening part covers the third conductive part. The second conductive part and the fastening part form the embedding groove. The second conductive part is flush with the first sealant. The first conductive part is used to abut against the electrical connection device.

7. The solid-state battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The negative electrode current collector has heat dissipation holes, which are positioned opposite to the first conductive part.

8. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell has a first flattened portion protruding from one end adjacent to the positive current collector, the first flattened portion having a first flattened surface, and the first flattened surface being connected to the positive current collector.

9. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the battery cell adjacent to the negative current collector is provided with a second flattened portion, the second flattened portion is provided with a second flattened surface, and the second flattened surface is connected to the negative current collector.

10. A battery module, characterized in that, The solid-state battery includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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