A power battery system and a power utilization device

Abstract

This application provides a power battery system and electrical equipment, relating to the field of battery technology. The power battery system includes a battery box body with multiple battery chambers stacked from top to bottom, each chamber housing the battery pack's body. A first exhaust duct has multiple through holes, each corresponding to a pressure relief structure, which is inserted through the through holes and accommodated within the first exhaust duct. The first exhaust duct has an outlet end. A second exhaust duct connected to the first exhaust duct has a smoke treatment structure for treating the smoke flowing into it. This creates a two-stage exhaust system. The first exhaust duct can direct the smoke, which is then guided to the second exhaust duct for further treatment before being discharged. This fundamentally solves the risk of high-temperature smoke infiltrating the cockpit / passenger compartment and eliminates high-temperature toxic smoke.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a power battery system and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] When electric vehicle battery systems experience overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, or high temperatures, thermal runaway can occur, generating large amounts of high-temperature, toxic fumes. If these fumes are directly released into the external environment through the battery pack's pressure relief valve, without effective control and restraint measures, they can easily cause serious harm to vehicle occupants, pedestrians, and the ecological environment. Commercial vehicle battery packs are numerous and have high energy density; if any one of these packs experiences thermal runaway, the instantaneous release of mixed fumes containing HF, POF3, CO, etc., at temperatures exceeding 600°C can be 8–10 times that of a single pack in a passenger car. In commercial vehicles, battery packs are often located behind the cab, and pressure relief valves may face the cab, causing fumes to directly spray into the passenger area or accumulate around the cab, threatening personnel safety. However, in commercial heavy-duty trucks, mining trucks, and long-haul battery-swapping heavy-duty trucks, to achieve long driving range, the power battery system often includes 10 to 20 standard battery packs arranged in a "stacked" configuration. Due to the limited space constraints such as the internal dimensions and height of the chassis and the available front and rear depth, any new components must be embedded with "zero thickness" to avoid raising the cargo box or reducing the wheelbase, which would directly affect regulatory announcements and cargo volume.

[0003] Existing battery pack pressure relief designs primarily focus on pressure release, but lack sufficient consideration for the directional emission, cooling, and harmless treatment of flue gas. Most solutions rely solely on pressure relief valves for direct external discharge, without setting up independent smoke exhaust channels or flue gas purification structures. This allows toxic gases to easily diffuse into the passenger compartment or the external environment, failing to effectively prevent flue gas intrusion.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power battery system and electrical equipment that can effectively guide and treat flue gas to reduce harm to people and the environment and improve the safety of the power battery system. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a power battery system and electrical equipment to solve the current safety problems in the use of power battery systems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a power battery system, comprising: a battery box body, wherein multiple battery chambers are stacked from top to bottom in the battery box body, the battery chambers are used to accommodate the body portion of a battery pack, and a pressure relief structure connected to the body portion extends outside the battery chambers; a first exhaust channel, wherein multiple through holes are provided on the first exhaust channel, the through holes corresponding one-to-one with the positions of the pressure relief structures, the pressure relief structures can pass through the through holes and be accommodated in the first exhaust channel, the first exhaust channel having an outlet end; and a second exhaust channel connected to the first exhaust channel, the second exhaust channel communicating with the outlet end, and a flue gas treatment structure provided in the second exhaust channel for treating the flue gas flowing into the second exhaust channel.

[0007] The above scheme, through the longitudinally stacked battery chambers and the extended design of the pressure relief structure, enables independent pressure relief for each battery chamber in the event of thermal runaway, avoiding a chain reaction between adjacent battery packs. The pressure relief structure extends outside the chambers and is directly inserted into the through-hole of the first exhaust channel, forming a physically isolated flue gas path and solving the problem of flue gas diffusion within the enclosure in traditional solutions. The first exhaust channel, through the one-to-one correspondence between the through-hole and the pressure relief structure, achieves instantaneous and directional collection of high-pressure flue gas, allowing the flue gas to be introduced into the second exhaust channel of the integrated flue gas treatment structure for directional and harmless treatment of mixed flue gas (HF, CO, hydrocarbons, etc.), avoiding the safety and environmental risks caused by direct emissions. The combined design of the first and second smoke exhaust ducts creates a two-stage smoke exhaust system. The first smoke exhaust duct not only directs the airflow but also buffers the exhaust gas, enabling instantaneous collection of high-pressure smoke. It also reduces pressure relief resistance and prevents secondary impacts. The exhaust gas is then guided to the second smoke exhaust duct for further treatment before being discharged. This fundamentally solves the risk of high-temperature smoke infiltrating the cockpit / crew compartment and eliminates high-temperature toxic smoke as much as possible, thereby protecting personnel health and safety and preventing secondary disasters.

[0008] In one possible design, the first exhaust duct is located at the front end of the battery box body, and the second exhaust duct is set parallel to the first exhaust duct and is also located at the front end of the battery box body; the second exhaust duct is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet, the air inlet is located at the bottom of the second exhaust duct, the exhaust outlet is located at the top of the second exhaust duct, and the exhaust end of the first exhaust duct is connected to the air inlet.

[0009] With the above scheme, the first and second exhaust ducts are arranged parallel to each other at the front end of the battery box body, allowing for directional flow of exhaust gas, with the direction being bottom-up. Specifically, the gas flows downwards from the location of the battery pack where thermal runaway occurred, then enters the second exhaust duct from the bottom of the battery box body. After being neutralized by the second exhaust duct, the gas is discharged from the top, with the high-temperature gas directly vented to the top of the vehicle or container, avoiding the heating of flammable materials on the ground and keeping it away from the breathing zone of personnel, thus ensuring safety. Furthermore, the first and second exhaust ducts can be pre-installed as independent modules and then connected to the battery box body, with the interface to the battery box body consisting only of multiple through-holes, improving assembly efficiency. Additionally, the first and second exhaust ducts can also be pre-installed as two independent modules, improving assembly efficiency and facilitating maintenance, enabling timely replacement of damaged battery packs and the exhaust gas treatment structure. At the same time, the first and second exhaust channels are compressed to the front of the battery box body, and the two-stage exhaust channels are pressed into the front vertical narrow space. The longitudinal height fully reuses the original stacking gap of the battery pack, there is no lateral protrusion, the entire vehicle cargo box / wheelbase is zero-encroachment, and the space is rationally utilized. Under the premise of hardly occupying extra space, the three steps of thermal runaway smoke "collection-treatment-high-altitude emission" are integrated into a narrow band, achieving simultaneous improvement in energy density, safety redundancy and manufacturing convenience.

[0010] In one possible design, the flue gas treatment structure includes a wet scrubbing structure, a liquefaction structure, a filtration structure, and an adsorption structure arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The flue gas introduced into the second exhaust channel passes through the wet scrubbing structure, the liquefaction structure, the filtration structure, and the adsorption structure in sequence. The wet scrubbing structure is used to perform preliminary adsorption and cooling on the flue gas entering the second exhaust channel. The liquefaction structure is used to rapidly condense and liquefy the remaining flue gas after preliminary adsorption and cooling. The filtration structure is used to filter and intercept particulate matter of a preset diameter. The adsorption structure is used to adsorb residual toxic flue gas and particulate matter.

[0011] The above scheme employs a bottom-up, four-stage cascaded purification system, combining wet scrubbing, condensation and liquefaction, and dry filtration and adsorption technologies to achieve rapid decomposition and elimination of thermal runaway flue gas from lithium-ion batteries. This ensures personnel health and safety and prevents secondary disasters. The cooling, liquefaction, filtration, and adsorption stages share the same vertical flow channel, making efficient use of space. Each stage targets typical components of the thermal runaway flue gas (high temperature, HF / POF3, liquid electrolyte droplets, carbon particles, and organic vapors), forming a highly integrated, low-back-pressure, and maintainable miniature flue gas purification tower.

[0012] In one possible design, the wet cleaning structure is a water layer connected to the air inlet, and the height of the water layer is greater than 1 / 3 of the height of the second smoke exhaust duct.

[0013] With the above scheme, the flue gas enters the water layer as soon as it enters the flue gas treatment structure. The water can rapidly cool the high-temperature flue gas (reducing the temperature to below 150°C), terminating or delaying the thermal runaway chain reaction. Simultaneously, it can dilute, flush, and partially dissolve soluble gases (such as HF), and settle particulate matter (including soot and electrolyte vapor condensate) in the flue gas (retaining large particles >100μm (approximately 15%-34% of the total particles)). Furthermore, the water layer itself acts as a natural firewall, with over one-third of its height ensuring cooling and fire prevention effects. The water layer occupies the lower section of the previously empty second exhaust duct, without taking up additional battery space, and can self-circulate with the depressurized airflow. This approach is low-cost, maintenance-free, and provides full safety redundancy.

[0014] In one possible design, the liquefaction structure is a liquid-cooled plate layer located above the water layer, which can condense and liquefy the flue gas flowing to the liquid-cooled plate.

[0015] Through the above scheme, the flue gas after water washing and the water vapor generated at high temperature come to the liquid cooling plate layer. The function of this layer is to quickly condense and liquefy the high temperature flue gas (including electrolyte vapor and water vapor) and effectively eliminate whitening of the flue gas.

[0016] Through the above scheme, the water layer first "wet washes" and cools the flue gas, and then the liquid-cooled plate layer "condenses" and collects the liquid—two stages superimposed. After being washed by water, the flue gas and the water vapor generated at high temperature arrive at the liquid-cooled plate layer. The function of this layer is to rapidly condense and liquefy the high-temperature flue gas (including electrolyte vapor and water vapor), effectively eliminating whitening of the flue gas. This allows more than 90% of the electrolyte vapor and high-boiling-point organic matter in the flue gas to be condensed into droplets and returned within a certain distance above the air inlet, further reducing toxicity and recovering flammable liquids. The liquid-cooled plate is located parallel above the water layer, occupying space that is still compressed into the vertical narrow strip at the front end, making reasonable use of space.

[0017] In one possible design, the filter structure includes a metal mesh layer, a PTFE layer, and a chemical adsorbent layer. The pore size of the metal mesh is 100μm-500μm; the pore size of the PTFE layer is 0.2μm-5μm; and the chemical adsorbent layer is an alkaline adsorbent.

[0018] Through the above scheme, the remaining gas after passing through the liquid cooling plate enters the filter structure. The metal mesh, with a pore size of 100μm-500μm, provides support while filtering out particles of 100μm-500μm. The PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) film layer, a microporous membrane or coating, covers the metal mesh and "sieves" out submicron particles (particles with a diameter of 0.2μm-5μm) and droplets. A chemical adsorbent layer, which can be an alkaline adsorbent such as CaO, Al2O3, or Ca(OH)2, is laid on top of the metal mesh layer and the PTFE layer to adsorb and neutralize acidic gases such as HF and CO2. This filter structure effectively intercepts and neutralizes particulate matter and acidic gases in toxic fumes in a single pass, achieving high efficiency without requiring additional space.

[0019] In some embodiments, by hot-pressing or adhesive bonding PTFE material to the surface of the metal mesh, both mechanical strength and high filtration efficiency are achieved.

[0020] In one possible design, the adsorption structure includes a polar gas adsorption layer and a toxic gas adsorption layer, with the toxic gas adsorption layer located above the polar gas adsorption layer; the polar gas adsorption layer is used to adsorb polar gases, and the toxic gas adsorption layer is used to adsorb and fix CO molecules in the pores.

[0021] The above method involves the flue gas first passing through a polar gas adsorption layer, which traps polar molecules such as HF and HCl, and then passing upwards through a toxic gas adsorption layer, which traps toxic gases such as CO molecules into the micropores. These two layers are directly stacked above the liquid cooling plate, occupying no more than 2 cm of the top of the channel, thus minimizing residual toxicity.

[0022] In some embodiments, the adsorption structure filter element can be replaced periodically and can be made into a pull-out type for easy replacement.

[0023] In one possible design, a first seal is provided at the through hole and the pressure relief structure to isolate the gas between the battery chamber and the first exhaust channel; a second seal is provided at the outlet and inlet of the first exhaust channel to prevent the exhaust gas from leaking out of the second exhaust channel.

[0024] With the above solution, the first seal is a sealing structure located at the connection between the through hole and the pressure relief structure. In the event of thermal runaway, the first seal can be a sealing material located between the through hole and the pressure relief structure, or it can be a sealing material covering the through hole. When thermal runaway occurs, the pressure relief structure pops out and can "unidirectionally puncture" the first seal and extend into the first exhaust channel. After puncture, the elastic lip of the first seal remains tightly against the outer wall of the pressure relief structure, forming a "dynamic seal" to prevent high-pressure flames / smoke from flowing back into the battery chamber and avoid cascading thermal runaway of adjacent modules. At the same time, under normal operating conditions without thermal runaway, the first seal can completely isolate the battery chamber from the first exhaust channel, providing dust and water protection, preventing external moisture and salt spray from entering the battery chamber along the through hole, and extending the battery pack's lifespan.

[0025] The second seal is located at the outlet of the first exhaust duct and the inlet of the second exhaust duct. In the event of thermal runaway, it remains airtight even under the instantaneous impact of the flue gas filling the interior, ensuring that all toxic fumes are forced into the second exhaust duct. Under normal operating conditions, it also ensures that the second exhaust duct is isolated from the external atmosphere, preventing dust and rainwater from backflowing and clogging the flue gas treatment structure, achieving long-term sealing. Simultaneously, it prevents accidental leakage of liquids from the flue gas treatment structure into the first exhaust duct, causing corrosion.

[0026] In one possible design, the thickness direction of the first smoke exhaust channel is consistent with the height direction of the pressure relief structure, the height direction of the pressure relief structure is the height of the pressure relief structure protruding relative to the enclosure part, and the thickness of the first smoke exhaust channel is at least twice the height of the pressure relief structure; the second smoke exhaust channel is located at the front end or at least one side of the first smoke exhaust channel.

[0027] With the above scheme, the thickness direction is coaxial with the protruding direction of the pressure relief structure. This means that when the pressure relief structure is activated, it can extend directly along the thickness direction inside the first exhaust channel. Furthermore, a cavity with a height of at least one times the height is retained at the top of the pressure relief structure inside the channel, preventing obstruction of its operation and providing sufficient buffer space under instantaneous flue gas impact, thus improving the service life of the first exhaust channel. The second exhaust channel (with a water layer, liquid cooling plate, and filter / adsorption layer) is positioned at the "front end" or "side" of the first exhaust channel, without overlapping with the battery chamber in the thickness direction. This avoids occupying battery pack placement space, maximizing space utilization, facilitating disassembly, and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0028] Secondly, this application provides an electrical device including the power battery system of any one of the first aspects.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the electrical equipment provided in the second aspect and the various possible designs of the second aspect can be found in the first aspect and the various possible implementations of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0030] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of the embodiments of this application and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of this application more obvious and understandable, specific implementation methods of this application are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power battery system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second smoke exhaust channel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second smoke exhaust duct provided in one embodiment of this application from another perspective.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A sectional view along AA1.

[0037] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along BB1.

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of region C in the middle.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 100. Battery box body; 110. Battery chamber; 120. Pressure relief structure; 130. First smoke exhaust channel; 140. First sealing element; 200. Second smoke exhaust channel; 210. Exhaust port; 220. Air inlet; 211. Wet washing structure; 212. Liquefaction structure; 213. Filter structure; 214. Polar gas adsorption layer; 215. Toxic gas adsorption layer; First direction z; Second direction y; Third direction x. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims and drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0043] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of the phrase "embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0045] The directional terms appearing in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. For example, in the description of this application, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims of this application or in the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order, and may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0047] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" means two or more (including two groups).

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" or "joining" in mechanical structures can refer to a physical connection, such as a fixed connection, for example, a connection fixed by a partition, such as a connection fixed by screws, bolts, or other partitions; a physical connection can also be a detachable connection, such as a snap-fit ​​or interlocking connection; a physical connection can also be an integral connection, such as a connection formed by welding, bonding, or integral molding. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] In the commercial vehicle sector, due to the enormous power demand, a large power battery system is typically composed of multiple battery packs connected in series and parallel. A battery pack is a power source that integrates multiple battery modules (or directly, battery cells) into one unit.

[0050] As the background technology shows, current commercial vehicle power battery systems integrate multiple battery packs, resulting in enormous energy. However, the risk of thermal runaway is also significant. Furthermore, existing technologies do not have effective considerations for targeted emissions and flue gas treatment.

[0051] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a power battery system and an electrical device. The power battery system includes a battery box body, with multiple battery chambers stacked from top to bottom. The battery chambers are used to accommodate the battery pack body, and a pressure relief structure connected to the body extends outside the battery chambers. A first exhaust channel is provided with multiple through holes, each corresponding to a pressure relief structure. The pressure relief structure can pass through the through holes and be accommodated in the first exhaust channel. The first exhaust channel has an outlet end. A second exhaust channel is connected to the first exhaust channel and communicates with the outlet end. A flue gas treatment structure is provided in the second exhaust channel to treat the flue gas flowing into the second exhaust channel. The combined design of the first and second smoke exhaust ducts creates a two-stage smoke exhaust system. The first smoke exhaust duct not only directs the airflow but also buffers the exhaust gas, enabling instantaneous collection of high-pressure smoke. It also reduces pressure relief resistance and prevents secondary impacts. The exhaust gas is then guided to the second smoke exhaust duct for further treatment before being discharged. This fundamentally solves the risk of high-temperature smoke infiltrating the cockpit / crew compartment and eliminates high-temperature toxic smoke as much as possible, thereby protecting personnel health and safety and preventing secondary disasters.

[0052] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power battery system provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second smoke exhaust duct 200 provided in this embodiment. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A diagram from another perspective. Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view. Figure 5 for Figure 4 A sectional view along AA1. Figure 6 for Figure 4 A sectional view along BB1. Please refer to... Figures 1 to 6 This application provides a power battery system, including: a battery box body 100, a first exhaust channel 130 and a second exhaust channel 200 connected to the first exhaust channel 130.

[0054] The battery box body 100 has multiple battery chambers 110 stacked from top to bottom. The battery chambers 110 are used to accommodate the battery pack body. The pressure relief structure 120 connected to the body extends beyond the battery chambers 110.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the battery box body 100 can be a cubic structure with six sides: top, bottom, left, right, front, and back.

[0056] In this embodiment, the vertical direction, i.e., the height direction of the battery box body 100, is defined as the first direction z, and multiple battery packs can be stacked in the first direction z. The front-back direction, i.e., the length direction of the battery box body 100, is defined as the second direction y, and the left-right direction, i.e., the width direction of the battery box body 100, is defined as the third direction x.

[0057] In this embodiment, the battery box body 100 has multiple battery chambers 110 stacked from top to bottom, and each battery chamber 110 can accommodate a battery pack. Each battery pack is placed in the same direction, that is, the side with the pressure relief structure 120 is located at the front of the battery box body 100.

[0058] In some embodiments, multiple battery chambers 110 stacked from top to bottom are arranged as a group of battery chambers 110, and multiple groups of battery chambers 110 can be arranged side by side to improve the range of the power battery system.

[0059] By extending the vertically stacked battery chambers 110 and the pressure relief structure 120, each battery chamber 110 can be independently depressurized in the event of thermal runaway, thus avoiding a chain reaction between adjacent battery packs.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the first smoke exhaust channel 130 is provided with multiple through holes, and the positions of the through holes correspond one-to-one with those of the pressure relief structure 120. The pressure relief structure 120 can pass through the through holes and be accommodated in the first smoke exhaust channel 130. The first smoke exhaust channel 130 has an exhaust end.

[0061] Understandably, the first exhaust channel 130 has a channel-type structure, and the pressure relief structure 120 extends to the outside of the battery chamber 110, directly inserting into the through hole of the first exhaust channel 130. The first exhaust channel 130 forms a physically isolated flue gas path, solving the problem of flue gas diffusion within the box in traditional solutions. The first exhaust channel 130 corresponds one-to-one with the pressure relief structure 120 through the through hole, ensuring that the flow path of the battery pack on each layer is the same, achieving instantaneous and directional collection of high-pressure flue gas.

[0062] In this embodiment, the length of the first smoke exhaust channel 130 in the third direction x can be defined as the width of the first smoke exhaust channel 130, and the width of the first smoke exhaust channel 130 is smaller than the width of the battery chamber 110.

[0063] In some embodiments, the width of the first smoke exhaust channel 130 can be set to be the same as the width of the battery chamber 110.

[0064] The second smoke exhaust duct 200 is connected to the exhaust end of the first smoke exhaust duct 130. A smoke treatment structure is provided inside the second smoke exhaust duct 200 to treat the smoke flowing into the second smoke exhaust duct 200.

[0065] Through the above embodiments, the first exhaust duct 130 directs the flue gas into the second exhaust duct 200, which integrates a flue gas treatment structure. This allows for the targeted and harmless treatment of mixed flue gas (HF, CO, hydrocarbons, etc.) before discharge, avoiding the safety and environmental risks caused by direct emissions. The combined design of the first exhaust duct 130 and the second exhaust duct 200 creates a two-stage exhaust system. The first exhaust duct 130 not only directs the flow but also buffers the newly discharged flue gas, enabling instantaneous collection of high-pressure flue gas. It also reduces pressure relief resistance and prevents secondary impacts. The flue gas is then guided into the second exhaust duct 200 for harmless treatment before being discharged. This fundamentally solves the risk of high-temperature flue gas infiltrating the cockpit / crew compartment and eliminates high-temperature toxic flue gas to the greatest extent possible, thereby ensuring the health and safety of personnel and preventing secondary disasters.

[0066] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along BB1. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of region C in the middle. Please refer to the reference. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first exhaust duct 130 is located at the front end of the battery box body 100, and the second exhaust duct 200 is arranged parallel to the first exhaust duct 130 and is also located at the front end of the battery box body 100. The second exhaust duct 200 is provided with an air inlet 220 and an exhaust outlet 210. The air inlet 220 is located at the bottom of the second exhaust duct 200, and the exhaust outlet 210 is located at the top of the second exhaust duct 200. The exhaust end of the first exhaust duct 130 is connected to the air inlet 220.

[0067] In the above embodiments, the first smoke exhaust channel 130 and the second smoke exhaust channel 200 are arranged in parallel at the front end of the battery box body 100, so that the exhaust path of the smoke flows in a directional manner, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the exhaust path of the flue gas is oriented from bottom to top. That is, it starts from the location of the battery pack where thermal runaway occurs, flows downward along the first exhaust duct 130, and then enters the second exhaust duct 200 from below (bottom) of the battery box body 100. After being rendered harmless by the second exhaust duct 200, it is discharged from the top. The high-temperature gas is directly discharged to the top of the vehicle body or the top of the container, avoiding baking flammable materials on the ground, and keeping it away from the breathing zone of personnel, thus ensuring safety.

[0068] Furthermore, the first exhaust duct 130 and the second exhaust duct 200 can be pre-installed as independent modules and then connected to the battery box body 100. This means the interface with the battery box body 100 consists only of multiple through-hole locations, improving assembly efficiency. Additionally, the first exhaust duct 130 and the second exhaust duct 200 can also be pre-installed as two independent modules, further improving assembly efficiency and facilitating maintenance. This allows for timely replacement of damaged battery packs and the timely replacement of the flue gas treatment structure. Simultaneously, by compressing the first exhaust duct 130 and the second exhaust duct 200 entirely to the front end of the battery box body 100, and placing the two exhaust ducts in a narrow vertical space at the front, the longitudinal height fully utilizes the original stacking gaps of the battery packs, with no lateral protrusion. This results in zero encroachment on the vehicle's cargo box / wheelbase, making efficient use of space. With almost no additional space required, the three steps of "collection-treatment-high-altitude emission" of thermal runaway flue gas are integrated into a narrow strip, achieving simultaneous improvements in energy density, safety redundancy, and manufacturing convenience.

[0069] In this embodiment, the first smoke exhaust channel 130 and the second smoke exhaust channel 200 extend by no more than 50mm in the second direction y. That is to say, the first smoke exhaust channel 130 and the second smoke exhaust channel 200 are located in the vertical narrow space at the front end of the battery box body 100, and the vertical narrow space does not exceed 50mm.

[0070] In this embodiment, a first sealing element 140 is provided at the through hole and the pressure relief structure 120. The first sealing element 140 is used to isolate the gas between the battery chamber 110 and the first exhaust channel 130. A second sealing element is provided at the air outlet and the air inlet 220 of the first exhaust channel 130. The second sealing element is used to prevent the smoke from leaking outside the second exhaust channel 200.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the first seal 140 is a sealing structure disposed at the connection between the through hole and the pressure relief structure 120. In the event of thermal runaway, the first seal 140 can be a sealing material disposed between the through hole and the pressure relief structure 120, or it can be a sealing material covering the through hole. When thermal runaway occurs, the pressure relief structure 120 pops out and can "unidirectionally puncture" the first seal 140 and extend into the first exhaust channel 130. After puncture, the elastic lip of the first seal 140 remains tightly attached to the outer wall of the pressure relief structure 120, forming a "dynamic seal" to prevent high-pressure flame / smoke from flowing back into the battery chamber 110 and avoid cascading thermal runaway of adjacent modules. At the same time, under normal operating conditions without thermal runaway, the first seal 140 can completely isolate the battery chamber 110 from the first exhaust channel 130, providing dust and water protection, preventing external moisture and salt spray from entering the battery chamber 110 along the through hole, and extending the battery pack's lifespan.

[0072] The second seal is located at the outlet of the first exhaust duct 130 and the inlet 220 of the second exhaust duct 200. During thermal runaway, it remains airtight even under the instantaneous impact of the flue gas filling the interior, ensuring that all toxic fumes are forced into the second exhaust duct 200. Under normal operating conditions, it also ensures that the second exhaust duct 200 is isolated from the external atmosphere, preventing dust and rainwater from backflowing and clogging the flue gas treatment structure, achieving long-term sealing, and preventing accidental leakage of liquids from the flue gas treatment structure into the first exhaust duct 130, which could cause corrosion.

[0073] The thickness direction of the first smoke exhaust channel 130 is consistent with the height direction of the pressure relief structure 120. The height direction of the pressure relief structure 120 is the height of the pressure relief structure 120 protruding relative to the body portion. The thickness of the first smoke exhaust channel 130 is at least twice the height of the pressure relief structure 120. The second smoke exhaust channel 200 is located at the front end or at least one side of the first smoke exhaust channel 130.

[0074] In this embodiment, the second exhaust channel 200 is located at the front end of the first exhaust channel 130, and there is a gap between the second exhaust channel 200 and the first exhaust channel 130. The gap between the first exhaust channel 130 and the second exhaust channel 200 can be filled by a filling structure to ensure the integrity and stability of the power battery system.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the thickness direction is coaxial with the protruding direction of the pressure relief structure 120, meaning that the pressure relief structure 120 can extend directly along the thickness direction inside the first smoke exhaust channel 130 when it operates. Furthermore, a cavity with a height of ≥1 times the height is retained at the top of the pressure relief structure 120 inside the channel, avoiding obstruction of the pressure relief structure 120's operation and providing sufficient buffer space under instantaneous smoke impact, thus improving the service life of the first smoke exhaust channel 130. The second smoke exhaust channel 200 (with a water layer, liquid cooling plate, and filter / adsorption layer) is arranged at the "front end" or "side" of the first smoke exhaust channel 130, without overlapping with the battery chamber 110 in the thickness direction, thus not occupying battery pack placement space. This rational utilization and arrangement of space maximizes space utilization and facilitates disassembly, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0076] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 6 and Figure 7In this embodiment, the flue gas treatment structure includes a wet washing structure 211, a liquefaction structure 212, a filtration structure 213, and an adsorption structure arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The flue gas introduced into the second exhaust channel 200 passes through the wet washing structure 211, the liquefaction structure 212, the filtration structure 213, and the adsorption structure in sequence. The wet washing structure 211 is used to perform preliminary adsorption and cooling on the flue gas entering the second exhaust channel 200. The liquefaction structure 212 is used to rapidly condense and liquefy the remaining flue gas after preliminary adsorption and cooling. The filtration structure 213 is used to filter and intercept particulate matter of a preset diameter. The adsorption structure is used to adsorb residual toxic flue gas and particulate matter.

[0077] Through the above embodiments, the flue gas treatment structure includes a bottom-up "four-stage series purification" system, combining wet scrubbing, condensation and liquefaction, and dry filtration and adsorption technologies to achieve rapid decomposition and elimination of thermal runaway flue gas from lithium-ion batteries, thereby ensuring personnel health and safety and preventing secondary disasters. The cooling, liquefaction, filtration, and adsorption stages share the same vertical direct current channel, making efficient use of space. Each stage targets typical components of the thermal runaway flue gas (high temperature, HF / POF3, liquid electrolyte droplets, carbon particles, and organic vapors) for targeted treatment, forming a highly integrated, low-back-pressure, and maintainable miniature flue gas purification tower.

[0078] In this embodiment, the wet washing structure 211 is a water layer, which is connected to the air inlet 220, and the height of the water layer is greater than 1 / 3 of the height of the second smoke exhaust channel 200.

[0079] Through the above embodiments, the flue gas enters the water as soon as it enters the flue gas treatment structure. The water can rapidly cool the high-temperature flue gas (reducing the temperature to below 150°C), terminating or delaying the thermal runaway chain reaction. Simultaneously, it can dilute, flush, and partially dissolve soluble gases (such as HF), and settle particulate matter (including soot and electrolyte vapor condensate) present in the flue gas (retaining large particles >100μm (approximately 15%-34% of the total particles)). Furthermore, the water layer itself acts as a natural firewall, with over one-third of its height ensuring cooling and fire prevention effects. The water layer occupies the lower section of the previously empty second exhaust duct 200, without taking up additional battery space, and can self-circulate with the depressurized airflow. This results in low cost, maintenance-free operation, and full safety redundancy.

[0080] It is understandable that the flue gas needs to enter the water layer first to achieve better cleaning and cooling effects. Furthermore, placing the water layer at the bottom of the chamber can prevent liquid from flowing out and affecting the performance of other liquefaction structures 212, filtration structures 213, or adsorption structures.

[0081] In this embodiment, the liquefaction structure 212 is a liquid-cooled plate layer, which is located above the water layer. The liquid-cooled plate layer can condense and liquefy the flue gas flowing to the liquid-cooled plate.

[0082] The liquid-cooled plate layer can be a plate layer filled with cooling liquid. The water layer first "wet washes" and cools down, and then the liquid-cooled plate layer "condenses" and collects the liquid. With the two stages superimposed, more than 90% of the electrolyte vapor and high-boiling-point organic matter in the flue gas are condensed into droplets and returned within 200mm above the air inlet 220, which further reduces toxicity and recovers combustible liquid.

[0083] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling plate layer can share the coolant with the original cooling circuit of the battery pack to reduce energy consumption.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the flue gas after water washing and the water vapor generated at high temperature come to the liquid cooling plate layer. The function of this layer is to quickly condense and liquefy the high-temperature flue gas (including electrolyte vapor and water vapor) and effectively eliminate whitening of the flue gas.

[0085] In the above embodiment, the water layer first "wet washes" and cools the gas, and then the liquid-cooled plate layer "condenses" and collects the liquid—two stages superimposed. After being washed by water, the flue gas and the water vapor generated at high temperature arrive at the liquid-cooled plate layer. The function of this layer is to rapidly condense and liquefy the high-temperature flue gas (including electrolyte vapor and water vapor), effectively eliminating whitening of the flue gas. This allows more than 90% of the electrolyte vapor and high-boiling-point organic matter in the flue gas to be condensed into droplets and returned within a certain distance above the air inlet 220, further reducing toxicity and recovering flammable liquids. The liquid-cooled plate is located parallel above the water layer, occupying space that is still compressed into the vertical narrow strip at the front end, making reasonable use of space.

[0086] In this embodiment, the filter structure 213 includes a metal mesh layer, a PTFE layer, and a chemical adsorbent layer. The pore size of the metal mesh is 100μm-500μm; the pore size of the PTFE layer is 0.2μm-5μm; and the chemical adsorbent layer is an alkaline adsorbent.

[0087] In the above embodiment, the remaining gas after passing through the liquid cooling plate enters the filter structure 213. The metal mesh, with a pore size of 100μm-500μm, provides support and filters out particles of 100μm-500μm. The PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) film layer, a microporous membrane or coating, covers the metal mesh and "sieves" out submicron particles (particles with a diameter of 0.2μm-5μm) and droplets. A chemical adsorbent layer, which can be an alkaline adsorbent such as CaO, Al2O3, or Ca(OH)2, is laid on top of the metal mesh layer and the PTFE layer to adsorb and neutralize acidic gases such as HF and CO2. The filter structure 213 effectively intercepts and neutralizes particulate matter and acidic gases in toxic fumes in a single pass, achieving high efficiency without requiring additional space.

[0088] In this embodiment, by hot-pressing or adhesive-bonding PTFE material onto the surface of the metal mesh, both mechanical strength and high filtration efficiency are achieved.

[0089] In this embodiment, the adsorption structure includes a polar gas adsorption layer 214 and a toxic gas adsorption layer 215, with the toxic gas adsorption layer 215 located above the polar gas adsorption layer 214. The polar gas adsorption layer 214 is used to adsorb polar gases, and the toxic gas adsorption layer 215 is used to adsorb and fix CO molecules in the pores.

[0090] Through the above embodiments, the flue gas first passes through the polar gas adsorption layer 214 to retain polar molecules such as HF and HCl, and then passes upward through the toxic gas adsorption layer 215 to lock CO molecules into the micropores. The polar gas adsorption layer 214 and the toxic gas adsorption layer 215 are directly stacked on top of the filter structure 213, occupying only a channel height of no more than 2 cm in thickness, yet they can reduce residual toxicity to the ppm level.

[0091] In some embodiments, the adsorption structure filter element can be made pull-out for easy replacement.

[0092] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the wet washing structure 211, the liquefaction structure 212, the filtration structure 213 and the adsorption structure are arranged in parallel, and the length of each layer from bottom to top in the second direction y and the length in the third direction x are equal.

[0093] In some embodiments, the areas of the wet washing structure 211, the liquefaction structure 212, the filtration structure 213, and the adsorption structure can be decreased sequentially to form a pyramid-shaped structure.

[0094] Secondly, this application provides an electrical device including the power battery system of any of the above embodiments.

[0095] Since the structure of the power battery system and its beneficial effects have been described in detail in the previous embodiments, this application will not repeat them here.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A power battery system, characterized in that, include: The battery box body has multiple battery chambers stacked from top to bottom. The battery chambers are used to accommodate the battery pack body. A pressure relief structure connected to the battery pack body extends outside the battery chambers. The first smoke exhaust channel has multiple through holes, each of which corresponds to the position of the pressure relief structure. The pressure relief structure can pass through the through holes and be accommodated in the first smoke exhaust channel. The first smoke exhaust channel has an air outlet. as well as A second smoke exhaust channel is connected to the first smoke exhaust channel and is connected to the air outlet. A smoke treatment structure is provided in the second smoke exhaust channel for treating the smoke flowing into the second smoke exhaust channel.

2. The power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first smoke exhaust channel is located at the front end of the battery box body, and the second smoke exhaust channel is arranged parallel to the first smoke exhaust channel and is also located at the front end of the battery box body; The second smoke exhaust duct is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust outlet. The air inlet is located at the bottom of the second smoke exhaust duct, and the exhaust outlet is located at the top of the second smoke exhaust duct. The exhaust end of the first smoke exhaust duct is connected to the air inlet.

3. The power battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flue gas treatment structure includes a wet scrubbing structure, a liquefaction structure, a filtration structure, and an adsorption structure arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The flue gas introduced into the second exhaust channel passes through the wet scrubbing structure, the liquefaction structure, the filtration structure, and the adsorption structure in sequence. The wet scrubbing structure is used to perform preliminary adsorption and cooling on the flue gas entering the second exhaust channel. The liquefaction structure is used to rapidly condense and liquefy the remaining flue gas after preliminary adsorption and cooling. The filtration structure is used to filter and intercept particulate matter of a preset diameter. The adsorption structure is used to adsorb residual toxic flue gas and particulate matter.

4. The power battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wet cleaning structure is a water layer, which is connected to the air inlet, and the height of the water layer is greater than 1 / 3 of the height of the second smoke exhaust channel.

5. The power battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquefaction structure is a liquid-cooled plate layer, which is located above the water layer. The liquid-cooled plate layer can condense and liquefy the flue gas flowing to the liquid-cooled plate.

6. The power battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter structure includes a metal mesh layer, a PTFE layer, and a chemical adsorbent layer. The pore size of the metal mesh is 100μm-500μm; the pore size of the PTFE layer is 0.2μm-5μm; and the chemical adsorbent layer is an alkaline adsorbent.

7. The power battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adsorption structure includes a polar gas adsorption layer and a toxic gas adsorption layer, with the toxic gas adsorption layer located above the polar gas adsorption layer. The polar gas adsorption layer is used to adsorb polar gases, and the toxic gas adsorption layer is used to adsorb and fix CO molecules in the pores.

8. The power battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first sealing element is provided at the through hole and the pressure relief structure, which is used to isolate the gas between the battery chamber and the first exhaust channel; a second sealing element is provided at the outlet end of the first exhaust channel and the inlet end, which is used to prevent the smoke from leaking out of the second exhaust channel.

9. The power battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness direction of the first smoke exhaust channel is consistent with the height direction of the pressure relief structure. The height direction of the pressure relief structure is the height of the pressure relief structure protruding relative to the package portion. The thickness of the first smoke exhaust channel is at least twice the height of the pressure relief structure. The second smoke exhaust duct is located at the front end or at least one side of the first smoke exhaust duct.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the power battery system described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images