A coplanar waveguide and slot line design broadband power divider-combiner

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of coplanar waveguide and slot line design's broadband power divider, including integrated board and the slot line structure of setting in integrated board upper end and the coplanar waveguide of setting in integrated board lower end, the signal transmission of slot line structure and the coplanar waveguide of setting in integrated board lower end of integrated board upper end, the coplanar waveguide of integrated board lower end is set using symmetric structure, and the continuity of ground plane is designed by the symmetric structure of the application, spurious coupling is inhibited, the same layer ground feature of coplanar waveguide eliminates the back drill via required by microstrip line, reduces processing complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power divider technology, specifically relating to a broadband power divider combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted line design. Background Technology

[0002] Wideband power dividers and combiners are commonly used passive devices in RF / microwave systems. Their core functions fall into two main categories: power distribution and power combining. They feature a wide operating frequency range, adapting to multi-band signal processing needs. In power distribution (used as a power divider), they play a crucial role when it's necessary to evenly or proportionally distribute the power of a single input signal to multiple outputs. Common applications include: Communication base station deployment, where the RF signal source output power needs to be distributed to multiple antennas to achieve broad signal coverage. For example, in 4G / 5G base stations, the main signal is distributed to antennas in different sectors, improving signal coverage and uniformity. In indoor distribution systems, in indoor settings such as office buildings and shopping malls, power dividers split a single signal into multiple paths, connecting to multiple low-power antennas indoors to address weak indoor signal problems.

[0003] Power combining (used as a combiner) is used to combine the power of multiple input signals into a single output. Common applications include: RF power amplification systems, where multiple amplifiers amplify the signals separately, and then a combiner combines these amplified signals into a single output to achieve greater output power. This is commonly used in radar systems and high-power communication equipment. Multi-band signal integration: In communication systems, signals from different frequency bands (such as 2G, 3G, and 4G signals) need to be transmitted through the same feeder or antenna. A combiner combines multiple signals from different frequency bands into a single signal, reducing the number of feeders and antennas required and lowering system cost and complexity.

[0004] Currently used Wilkinson power dividers rely on quarter-wavelength transmission lines for impedance transformation, achieving ideal matching and isolation only near the center frequency. Reflection loss (S11) and port isolation (S23) at the bandwidth edges deteriorate significantly. When the operating frequency deviates from the center frequency, the input VSWR increases, and the port isolation decreases sharply, leading to uneven signal distribution and increased crosstalk. Increasing the number of λ / 4 impedance transformers and isolation resistors to expand the operating bandwidth increases design and debugging complexity and increases device size. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a broadband power divider and combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. This invention realizes the functions of a power divider and combiner, and can achieve relatively good RF performance over a wide frequency range. The slotted wire design replaces the traditional isolation resistor with an odd-mode excitation resonator, forming a high-impedance electric wall between the output ports.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design includes an integrated board, a slotted wire structure disposed at the upper end of the integrated board, and a coplanar waveguide disposed at the lower end of the integrated board. The slotted wire structure at the upper end of the integrated board and the coplanar waveguide disposed at the lower end of the integrated board are capable of signal transmission, and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board adopts a symmetrical structure.

[0007] Preferably, the integrated board is a PCB board.

[0008] Preferably, the groove structure includes a central conductor strip disposed on the integrated board, and symmetrical groove structures are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central conductor strip.

[0009] Preferably, the end of the slotted waveguide away from the coplanar waveguide is the Port1 signal port, and the end of the coplanar waveguide away from the slotted waveguide is provided with the Port2 and Port3 signal ports.

[0010] Preferably, the output terminal of the coplanar waveguide is provided with an isolation resistor.

[0011] Preferably, when used as a power divider, Port1 is the signal input port, and Port2 and Port3 are the signal output ports.

[0012] Preferably, when used as a combiner, Port1 is the signal output port, and Port2 and Port3 are the signal input ports.

[0013] Preferably, the groove structure at the upper end of the integrated board and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board are both provided with coupling structures.

[0014] Preferably, the coupling structure between the slot line structure at the upper end of the integrated board and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board adopts a slot line-microstrip coupling structure, specifically a fan-shaped structure.

[0015] Preferably, a bend line is provided between the front end of the groove structure and the coupling sector surface, and the sum of the length of the bend line and the sector radius of the coupling structure is 1.1-1.5 times the working wavelength.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This utility model provides a broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design, including an integrated board, a slotted wire structure disposed on the upper part of the integrated board, and a coplanar waveguide disposed on the lower part of the integrated board. The coplanar waveguide at the lower part of the integrated board and the slotted wire structure disposed on the upper part of the integrated board can transmit signals. The coplanar waveguide at the lower part of the integrated board adopts a symmetrical structure. This application suppresses parasitic coupling through the symmetrical structure design and the continuity of the ground plane. The same-layer grounding characteristic of the coplanar waveguide eliminates the need for back-drilled vias required for microstrip lines, reducing the processing complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a broadband power splitter / combiner designed with coplanar waveguides and slot lines in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coplanar waveguide configuration in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the groove structure in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a planar schematic diagram of the coplanar waveguide structure in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit structure of the broadband power splitter and combiner in the embodiments of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram, 1 represents the integrated board. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design, including an integrated board 1, a coplanar waveguide disposed at the lower end of the integrated board 1, and a slotted wire structure disposed at the upper end of the integrated board 1. The coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board 1 and the slotted wire structure disposed at the upper end of the integrated board 1 are capable of signal transmission. The coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board 1 adopts a symmetrical structure. This application suppresses parasitic coupling through the symmetrical structure design and the continuity of the ground plane. The same-layer grounding characteristic of the coplanar waveguide eliminates the need for back-drilled vias required for microstrip lines, reducing the processing complexity.

[0026] In the specific embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, integrated board 1 serves as the dielectric substrate, specifically a PCB board. A coplanar waveguide is formed by fabricating a central conductor strip on one surface of the dielectric substrate and conductor planes on both sides adjacent to the central conductor strip, thus creating a coplanar waveguide, also called a coplanar microstrip transmission line. Coplanar waveguides propagate TEM waves and have no cutoff frequency. This application employs a slot-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) conversion to realize the functions of a power divider and combiner, achieving superior RF performance over a wide frequency range. Traditional isolation resistors form high-impedance electrical walls between output ports. Figure 2 In this context, h represents the thickness of integrated board 1, w represents the width of the center conductor strip, and S represents the distance between the conductor plane and the center conductor strip.

[0027] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, one end of the coplanar waveguide is the Port1 signal port, and the end of the coplanar waveguide away from the slotted wire structure is provided with the Port2 and Port3 signal ports. When used as a power divider, the Port1 signal port is the signal input port, and the Port2 and Port3 signal ports are the signal output ports. The Port2 and Port3 signal ports are two microstrip lines. After the energy is input through the slotted wire, it is then transmitted to the two output ports through slotted wire-microstrip coupling.

[0028] When used as a combiner, Port1 is the signal output port, and Port2 and Port3 are the signal input ports.

[0029] This application employs a central signal conductor strip and two ground conductor planes located on the same plane on either side of it, which can support even or odd quasi-TEM modes (Transverse Electromagnetic Modes). Symmetrical coplanar waveguides support even-mode transmission, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the waveguide can be viewed as two slot lines. When Wg / Ws is relatively small, the coplanar waveguide transmits the quasi-TEM mode; when Wg / Ws is large, the coplanar waveguide becomes two slot lines, with the two signals operating independently and transmitted in slot line mode. Wg is the distance between the slot lines, and Ws is the slot line width. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the slotted structure at the upper end of integrated board 1 and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of integrated board 1 are both coupled with a coupling structure. The coupling structure between the slotted structure at the upper end of integrated board 1 and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of integrated board 1 adopts a slotted-microstrip coupling structure, which is specifically a fan-shaped structure. A bend is set between the slotted structures. r1 is the fan radius of the coupling structure; θ1 is the angle of the fan of the coupling structure, which is between 80 and 100 degrees; Ls is the bend length; the length of Ls+r1 is between 1.1λ and 1.35λ; and λ is the operating wavelength.

[0030] The field distribution of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) in this application varies with the width of the central conductor, such as... Figure 5 The diagram shows the equivalent circuit of the power divider in this application, which converts the distributed parameter components into a lumped parameter model for analysis.

[0031] Port1, Port2, and Port3 are signal ports, i.e., radio frequency ports, used for signal input / output.

[0032] Z cpw It is an impedance matching element used to achieve impedance matching between the port and the circuit, and to reduce signal reflection.

[0033] Zs, Zs1, and Zo are impedance elements, specifically resistors, used for impedance transformation.

[0034] θ1, θ f2 θ t1 Let λ represent the electrical length of the transmission line, λ represent the phase delay of a segment of the transmission line, and λ represent the phase delay of a segment of the transmission line. g / 2 It is a half-wavelength transmission line used for impedance transformation.

[0035] A 1:n impedance transformer is used to proportionally transform the input and output impedances for impedance matching in radio frequency circuits.

[0036] R is a resistor used for load matching.

[0037] This application relates to multiport network circuits used in the radio frequency / microwave field, which have signal distribution, impedance matching, and isolation functions. Input module: Port1 signal via Z cpw The signal enters the circuit and is split and processed through two symmetrical sub-circuits.

[0038] The impedance matching and transformation module achieves impedance matching at the input and output ports and reduces signal reflection by utilizing the electrical length of the transmission line and the impedance transformation effect of the transformer.

[0039] Signal distribution and output module: The matched signal passes through λ g / 2 The transmission line and Zo are assigned to the Port2 and Port3 signal ports, and the resistor R is used to balance the impedance of the two outputs or to isolate the signals.

[0040] In each sub-circuit, the Zs and θ1 transmission lines first perform impedance pre-matching on the signal, and then achieve proportional impedance transformation through a 1:n transformer; Zs1, θ f2 θ t1 Further adjust the phase and impedance of the signal to ensure that the signal is transmitted to subsequent links without reflection.

[0041] This utility model provides a broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design, including an integrated board, a slotted wire structure disposed at the upper end of the integrated board, and a coplanar waveguide disposed at the lower end of the integrated board. The slotted wire structure at the upper end of the integrated board and the coplanar waveguide disposed at the lower end of the integrated board can transmit signals. The coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board adopts a symmetrical structure. This application suppresses parasitic coupling through the symmetrical structure design and the continuity of the ground plane. The same-layer grounding characteristic of the coplanar waveguide eliminates the need for back-drilled vias required for microstrip lines, reducing the processing complexity.

Claims

1. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slotted wire design, characterized in that, It includes an integrated board (1), a slotted structure disposed on the upper end of the integrated board (1), and a coplanar waveguide disposed on the lower end of the integrated board (1). The slotted structure on the upper end of the integrated board (1) and the coplanar waveguide disposed on the lower end of the integrated board (1) are capable of signal transmission. The coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board (1) is arranged in a symmetrical structure.

2. The broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated board (1) uses a PCB board.

3. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coplanar waveguide includes a central conductor strip disposed on an integrated plate (1), and conductor planes are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central conductor strip.

4. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the slotted waveguide away from the coplanar waveguide is the Port1 signal port, and the end of the coplanar waveguide away from the slotted waveguide is provided with the Port2 and Port3 signal ports.

5. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, An isolation resistor is provided at the output end of the coplanar waveguide.

6. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, When used as a power divider, Port1 is the signal input port, and Port2 and Port3 are the signal output ports.

7. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, When used as a combiner, Port1 is the signal output port, and Port2 and Port3 are the signal input ports.

8. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove structure at the upper end of the integrated board (1) and the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board (1) are both coupled.

9. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 8, characterized in that, The slot line structure at the upper end of the integrated board (1) and the coupling structure of the coplanar waveguide at the lower end of the integrated board (1) adopt a slot line-microstrip coupling structure, which is specifically a fan-shaped structure.

10. A broadband power splitter / combiner with a coplanar waveguide and slot line design according to claim 9, characterized in that, A bend is set between the front end of the slotted structure and the coupling sector surface. The sum of the length of the bend and the sector radius of the coupling structure is 1.1-1.5 times the working wavelength.

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