A high-voltage pulse power supply

Abstract

The application discloses a high-voltage pulse power supply and relates to the technical field of high-voltage power supplies.The power supply comprises a first high-voltage direct-current power supply, a second high-voltage direct-current power supply and a first high-voltage pulse generator; the first high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected in series with the first high-voltage pulse generator; the input / output end of the first high-voltage pulse generator is connected in parallel with a first high-voltage diode; the output end of the second high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the input end of the first high-voltage diode, thereby forming a parallel bypass channel between the second high-voltage direct-current power supply and the first high-voltage pulse power supply; the output end of the first high-voltage pulse power supply and the output end of the first high-voltage diode are connected with a first high-voltage surge current suppression loop, and the output end of the loop is connected with a load.The structure is matched with the surge suppression loop through the on-off characteristics of the high-voltage diode, can flexibly realize the switching of different power supply modes, is suitable for load scenes requiring high-voltage direct current, pulse or superimposed output, and improves the system stability and waveform quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage power supply technology, specifically to a high-voltage pulse power supply capable of achieving high-voltage DC output, high-voltage pulse output, and DC superimposed pulse output. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage pulse power supplies are a type of power supply device capable of outputting high-amplitude, high-frequency pulse signals in a short period of time. They are widely used in medical equipment, plasma technology, particle accelerators, high-voltage discharge, materials processing, and other fields. Traditional high-voltage pulse power supplies typically consist of a primary energy conversion device, an intermediate energy storage stage, and a pulse forming network.

[0003] Among them, the intermediate energy storage link is mainly divided into two categories: capacitor energy storage and inductor energy storage.

[0004] The first type is capacitor energy storage, which has advantages such as good discharge controllability and waveform stability, and is therefore widely used in high-frequency high-voltage pulse power supplies.

[0005] Although the second type of inductive energy storage has a higher energy density, it is prone to oscillation with the parasitic parameters of the load and transmission line during discharge, making it difficult to generate high-frequency square wave pulses. Furthermore, the pulse width and operating frequency control are not flexible enough, thus limiting its application range.

[0006] To achieve high voltage output, existing technologies typically employ techniques such as series switching, pulse transformer boosting, induced voltage superposition, or all-solid-state voltage multiplication. However, these high-voltage boosting methods are prone to resonance or self-oscillation when interacting with the load and parasitic parameters of the transmission line at the output end, leading to output waveform distortion and deterioration of device voltage resistance.

[0007] To mitigate the aforementioned problems, existing technologies typically employ two types of methods: The first method, resistor suppression, is simple and reliable to implement and has little impact on pulse duty cycle and frequency, but it has high power loss and requires an additional cooling system, which increases size and cost. The second method, inductor suppression, has lower losses and can reduce the turn-on losses of semiconductor switches. However, it is prone to oscillations at the turn-off moment and will superimpose a voltage triangular wave during turn-on, making it unsuitable for applications with high waveform requirements.

[0008] In certain specialized applications, the load needs to receive both a stable output from a high-voltage DC power supply and a high-voltage pulse signal, and may even need to superimpose a pulse voltage onto the DC voltage to achieve multiple output mode switching. However, existing high-voltage DC power supplies and high-voltage pulse power supplies are mostly independent systems, and mode switching requires complex switching matrices or mechanical relays. This not only results in slow switching speeds but also easily generates surge impacts and parasitic oscillations during the switching process, which have adverse effects on both devices and the load, leading to insufficient reliability.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-voltage pulse power supply that is compact in structure, has fast mode switching, low surge impact, and can flexibly realize high-voltage DC output, high-voltage pulse output, and DC superimposed pulse output to meet diverse high-voltage power supply needs. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention proposes a high-voltage pulse power supply suitable for kV-level output and applicable to driving loads such as X-ray tubes. This power supply achieves three operating modes on the same hardware platform: DC output, pulse output, and DC-superimposed pulse.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, its overall structure includes a high-voltage DC power supply, a high-voltage pulse generator, a parallel bypass path, a surge current suppression circuit, and a voltage and current detection and control unit.

[0012] Specifically, the high-voltage pulse power supply provided by the present invention includes: A first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and a first high-voltage pulse generator; The first high-voltage DC power supply is connected in series with the first high-voltage pulse generator; A first high-voltage diode is connected in parallel across the input and output terminals of the first high-voltage pulse generator. The output terminal of the second high-voltage DC power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first high-voltage diode, thereby forming a parallel bypass path between the second high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse generator. The output terminal of the first high-voltage pulse power supply (composed of a first high-voltage DC power supply and a first high-voltage pulse generator) and the output terminal of the first high-voltage diode are connected to the first high-voltage surge current suppression circuit, and the output terminal of the circuit is connected to the load.

[0013] Furthermore, a third high-voltage DC power supply, a fourth high-voltage DC power supply, and a second high-voltage pulse generator are set up, with the fourth high-voltage DC power supply and the second high-voltage pulse generator connected in series. A second high-voltage diode is connected in parallel across the input and output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse generator. The output terminal of the third high-voltage DC power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second high-voltage diode, forming a parallel bypass path between the third high-voltage DC power supply and the second high-voltage pulse power supply. The output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse power supply and the second high-voltage diode are connected together to the second high-voltage surge current suppression circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the second high-voltage DC power supply is used to output the first phase high voltage, and the third high-voltage DC power supply is used to output the second phase high voltage; the first high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse generator are used to generate the first phase high-voltage pulse, and the fourth high-voltage DC power supply and the second high-voltage pulse generator are used to generate the second phase high-voltage pulse.

[0015] Preferably, the high-voltage diode is a fast recovery high-voltage diode or a high-voltage rectifier stack; its polarity is set as follows: it conducts forward when outputting DC, forming a low-impedance bypass path from the high-voltage DC power supply to the load; it cuts off in reverse when outputting pulses, blocking the DC channel, avoiding adverse effects of the DC source on the pulse waveform and energy feedback, and ensuring the stability of the pulse leading and trailing edges and amplitude.

[0016] Preferably, a voltage / current detection unit is provided, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first and / or second high-voltage pulse generator; the detection signal is transmitted through optical fiber isolation to realize safe sampling and feedback of parameters such as voltage amplitude, rising / falling edge and load current of the high-voltage circuit; Preferably, the output of the detection unit is connected to the system controller, which implements closed-loop regulation based on the sampling results, including pulse amplitude, pulse width, repetition frequency and duty cycle; and executes overvoltage, overcurrent and interlock protection strategies.

[0017] Preferably, the system controller can switch between at least three modes: A) DC output mode: Only the high-voltage DC power supply is working. The high-voltage diode is forward-biased and provides stable DC to the load through the surge current suppression circuit. B) Pulse output mode: only the high-voltage pulse generator is working, the high-voltage diode is reverse cut off, and a high-voltage pulse is output to the load through the surge current suppression circuit; C) DC superimposed pulse mode: The high-voltage DC power supply and the high-voltage pulse generator work simultaneously to form a superimposed output of DC voltage and pulse voltage at both ends of the load, which is used for applications that require "bias + pulse excitation".

[0018] Preferably, the first high-voltage pulse generator or the second high-voltage pulse generator includes It includes a high-voltage switch stack consisting of multiple series-connected switch units; each switch unit is equipped with an isolated power supply gate driver and a semiconductor power switch device, and a voltage equalization network is set between adjacent switch units to achieve static / dynamic voltage equalization; the common output of the high-voltage switch stack is connected to the pulse output terminal through a damping matching network, and each switch unit is switched on and off in coordination under the action of a control signal to form a high-voltage pulse output.

[0019] Preferably, the power supply of the present invention can generate kV-level high-voltage pulse voltage, which is especially suitable for high-voltage load scenarios such as X-ray tubes that require DC bias, pure pulse or DC superimposed pulse. Beneficial effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following positive effects: Mode integration and fast switching enable DC, pulse, and DC-overlapping pulse modes on the same platform without the need for rewiring or module replacement, adapting to multiple operating conditions. The parallel bypass composed of diodes provides low-loss power in DC mode and effectively isolates the DC channel in pulse mode, reducing energy backflow and waveform distortion, and improving the controllability of rise / fall times and amplitude stability. Surge current suppression circuits mitigate transient shocks and oscillations caused by load and transmission line parasitic parameters, improving system stability and repeatability; The dual-phase architecture supports advanced applications such as phase programmability, waveform synthesis, and push-pull / symmetric drive, adapting to more demanding load characteristics and imaging / exposure strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the single-phase high-voltage pulse power supply structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the first / second high-voltage pulse generator.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the dual-phase extended structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a simulated output waveform diagram of a DC superimposed pulse.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a simulation waveform diagram of a two-phase pulse.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a simulation waveform diagram of a single-phase negative polarity high-voltage pulse at two measuring points. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; unless otherwise stated, the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar components, and structures, connections and signal paths not drawn to scale shall be interpreted according to their functions; the technical features in the various embodiments can be used in any combination without contradiction. Example

[0028] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the single-phase high-voltage pulse power supply structure of the present invention.

[0029] The system generally includes a first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and a first high-voltage pulse generator; the first high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse generator are connected in series; a first high-voltage diode is connected in parallel to the input / output terminal of the first high-voltage pulse generator; the output terminal of the second high-voltage DC power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first high-voltage diode, so that a parallel bypass path is formed between the second high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse power supply; the output terminals of the first high-voltage pulse power supply and the first high-voltage diode are both connected to the first high-voltage surge current suppression circuit.

[0030] The input terminals of the first high-voltage DC power supply Ps1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply Ps2 are connected to the three-phase AC input terminals of the EMC input unit, including PHASE_A, PHASE_B, PHASE_C and protective ground PE_EARTH, which are sequentially connected to the A, B, C and PE terminals of the EMCUnit. The U, V, W and PE outputs of the EMCUnit are distributed in parallel to the AC input terminals and PE terminals of the first high-voltage DC power supply PS1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply PS2, so that the two high-voltage DC power supplies share the same EMC front end.

[0031] Furthermore, the EMCUnit internally includes optional EMI filtering, surge protection, contactors / circuit breakers, and soft-start / pre-charge and discharge circuitry; its PE terminal is reliably connected to protective ground via the chassis or shielding. This configuration is used to suppress conducted and radiated interference, limit power-on surges, and provide low-noise three-phase power input for PS1 and PS2.

[0032] The first high-voltage DC power supply Ps1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply Ps2 have the same structure, including AC input terminals A, B, C, and PE terminals respectively connected to... Figure 1 The U, V, W, and PE outputs of the EMCUnit shown are connected to realize the introduction of three-phase incoming lines and protective ground.

[0033] Furthermore, the first high-voltage DC power supply Ps1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply Ps2 are configured with HV_OUT+ and HV_OUT− terminals; the HV_OUT+ of PS1 is used as the DC bus input of the pulse link, and the HV_OUT+ of PS2 is connected to the parallel bypass path through the first high-voltage diode D1.

[0034] Furthermore, the first high-voltage diode D1 is a fast recovery high-voltage diode or a high-voltage rectifier stack, and its polarity is set to be forward conducting when outputting DC to form the bypass path, and reverse cutoff when outputting pulses to block the DC path. The high-voltage rectifier stack is a rectifier component consisting of multiple high-voltage diodes packaged in series / parallel, used to withstand reverse voltages of tens of kV or even higher and output DC.

[0035] Furthermore, the first high-voltage DC power supply Ps1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply Ps2 are equipped with SPI & I / O low-voltage interfaces and fiber optic isolation interfaces for exchanging setpoints such as voltage, current, rise rate, status quantities and interlock signals with the system controller System_Ctrl; the fiber optic channel is used for electrically isolated transmission of high-voltage circuit measurements and remote enable.

[0036] Furthermore, the high-voltage outputs of the first high-voltage DC power supply PS1 and the second high-voltage DC power supply PS2 are connected to the input terminals HV_IN+ and HV_IN- of the first high-voltage pulse generator PulseGenerator1 (PG1) after passing through the voltage / current detection units V / IDetectingUnit1 (VIDU1) and V / IDetectingUnit2 (VIDU2). The output terminal of the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1 is PULSE_OUT+.

[0037] Furthermore, voltage / current detection units VIDU1 and VIDU2 are respectively inserted between the first high-voltage DC power supply PS1 and the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1, and between the second high-voltage DC power supply PS2 and the first high-voltage diode D1 for sampling and protection. These detection units employ high-resistance voltage dividers (preferably with a total resistance ≥ tens of MΩ) and magnetically coupled current detection methods such as Rogowski coils / current transformers. Their primary side equivalent insertion impedance to the main circuit is negligible, they do not carry main power, and they do not alter the topology of the main energy path. Therefore, in terms of connection, it can be equivalently considered that the first high-voltage DC power supply PS1 and the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1 are directly electrically connected, and the second high-voltage DC power supply PS2 and the first high-voltage diode D1 are directly electrically connected, i.e., respectively electrically connected to their input terminals.

[0038] Furthermore, the voltage / current detection units VIDU1 and VIDU2 are electrically connected to the output terminals of the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1 and the second high-voltage pulse generator PulseGenerator2 (PG2), and are isolated and transmitted through optical fiber to realize sampling feedback of the voltage amplitude, rising / falling edge and load current of the high-voltage circuit.

[0039] Furthermore, the outputs of the voltage / current detection units VIDU1 and VIDU2 are connected to the system controller System_Ctrl. The system controller is configured to adjust the pulse amplitude, pulse width, repetition frequency, and duty cycle in a closed loop based on the sampling results, and to perform overvoltage, overcurrent, and interlocking protection.

[0040] Furthermore, the first / second high-voltage DC power supplies PS1 / PS2 can be implemented as follows: after EMC filtering, contactors, and pre-charge / discharge circuits, they enter a three-phase full-bridge rectifier and active PFC to obtain a DC bus of approximately 700–800VDC. The bus drives a phase-shifting full-bridge or LLC inverter to drive an isolated step-up high-frequency transformer. The secondary side uses SiC high-voltage rectification or a series / parallel voltage multiplier network and voltage equalization resistor chain, combined with LC filtering and RC damping, and is equipped with a discharge branch and overvoltage clamping. The output voltage is sampled through a megohm-level composite voltage divider, and the current is sampled through a Rogowski coil / wideband CT (low-inductance shunt if necessary). The signal is isolated and amplified and then controlled by a DSP / FPGA closed-loop control to achieve CV / CC, soft start, and programmable ramp / drop. It also has overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, phase loss / undervoltage, and interlocking protection. Faults are reported via fiber optic cable. It communicates with the system controller via fiber optic SPI / CAN.

[0041] Furthermore, the first and second high-voltage power supplies can typically be configured to output 80–140kV / 50–1200mA with DC ripple ≤1%.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1 employs a multi-stage series stack of high-voltage switching units. The common output of the high-voltage switching stack is connected to the pulse output terminal via a damping matching network. Each stage unit consists of a CPLD, an isolated DC / DC converter, a V / I_DET, an isoSiCDRIVER, and power switching devices (preferably SiCMOSFETs or high-speed IGBTs) and their voltage equalization / absorption networks. The timing / enable / reset signals output from the control board are sent to each stage's CPLD via optical fiber or differential links, where they perform debouncing and synchronization, dead-time control, soft shutdown and retry window, and interlocking determination for this stage. Subsequently, the signals directly drive the gate of the switching devices via the isoSiCDRIVER isolated driver.

[0043] Furthermore, static voltage-equalizing resistors and dynamic voltage-equalizing capacitors are set between each stage; V / I_DET performs high-speed sampling of the voltage and current of the devices at this stage and sends the comparison results back to the CPLD bus. Under the action of control signals, each switching unit coordinates to turn on and off to form a high-voltage pulse output. After multiple high-voltage nodes are connected in series vertically, they converge into a common bus and output through the PULSE_OUT± terminal; the DC bus is connected from HV_IN±. If any stage detects overvoltage, overcurrent, or arcing, it first triggers the hardware soft shutdown of that stage and shuts down the entire module through the interlocking link. After the inter-stage voltage is balanced, it recovers according to the retry strategy, thereby ensuring the safety of devices and loads.

[0044] Furthermore, the system controller receives sampled feedback on the high-voltage circuit voltage amplitude, rising / falling edges, and load current.

[0045] Furthermore, the system controller is configured to switch between at least three operating modes: A) In DC output mode, the second high-voltage DC power supply operates, and the first high-voltage diode conducts to output DC voltage to the load LOAD via the surge current suppression circuit Current Restrain1; in DC mode, the second high-voltage DC power supply PS2 generates and outputs the first phase high voltage (e.g., Figure 4 As shown in the first 10ms segment of the timeline, the first phase high voltage is approximately 80kV.

[0046] B) Pulse output mode: The first high-voltage pulse generator is activated, the second high-voltage DC power supply is deactivated, and the first high-voltage diode is reverse-biased to output a pulse voltage to the load via the surge current suppression circuit. The first phase pulse high voltage is approximately 60kV (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (As shown).

[0047] C) DC superimposed pulse mode: The first and second high-voltage DC power supplies and the first high-voltage pulse generator operate simultaneously to generate a DC voltage superimposed pulse voltage output across the load. The second high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse generator operate simultaneously, with the first high-voltage pulse generator providing a bias voltage of approximately 80kV. The superimposed voltage is 140kV (e.g., ...). Figure 4 The pulse wave shown after 10ms on the timeline.

[0048] Furthermore, it is also possible to set DC output mode and pulse mode for time-sharing output, such as... Figure 4 As shown in this embodiment, the second high-voltage DC power supply provides a constant DC bias of approximately 80kV to the load via a parallel bypass diode and a surge suppression circuit. The first high-voltage DC power supply powers a high-voltage pulse generator, which outputs a square wave pulse of approximately +60kV under controller command. During the pulse, the diode is reverse-biased and cut off, thus creating an output of approximately 140kV at the load terminals, superimposed on the DC 80kV. In the figure, 0–10ms represents the pure DC segment, and periodic pulses appear after 10ms. The DC voltage and pulse amplitude are set independently, and the waveform is shaped by a damping / matching network, with fast rising / falling edges and controlled overshoot. This design is suitable for high-voltage loads such as X-ray tubes that require "DC bias + pulse excitation".

[0049] Compared to existing technologies, this high-voltage pulse has an adjustable duty cycle, and the DC power supply voltage and pulse voltage amplitude are independently adjustable. It allows for the superposition of one or more pulses of different levels onto the DC bias to achieve multi-energy / multi-level output. This topology is compatible with DC output, pulse output, and DC-superimposed pulse output modes on the same platform and can be quickly switched. Utilizing modular units and standardized interfaces, the system can be flexibly configured as needed, facilitating expansion and maintenance. Furthermore, the amplitude, pulse width, repetition frequency, and duty cycle of both the DC and pulse signals can be independently set, resulting in strong load adaptability, high waveform quality, and overall performance superior to existing technologies. Example

[0050] Overall, this embodiment is a mirror design based on embodiment one. Based on the three modes disclosed in embodiment one, each working mode can output two phases and the phases of the two phases can be programmably controlled to meet complex load requirements.

[0051] In this embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, a third high-voltage DC power supply PS3, a fourth high-voltage DC power supply PS4, a second high-voltage pulse generator PG2, a voltage / current detection unit V / I Detecting Unit, and a surge suppression circuit are added to form two symmetrical high-voltage links to achieve bipolar output. The three-phase input is powered to PS1, PS2, PS3, and PS4 respectively after passing through the EMC Unit; the system controller communicates with each voltage / current detection unit VIDU1, 2, 3, and 4 via optical fiber.

[0052] Similar to Embodiment 1, the first high-voltage power supply PS1 is connected in series with the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1; the first high-voltage diode D1 is connected in parallel across the input / output terminals of the first high-voltage pulse generator PG1; the high-voltage output of the second high-voltage power supply PS2 is connected to the input terminal of D1, forming a bypass path in parallel with the "first high-voltage pulse power supply"; the output terminals of PG1 and D1 converge at the node and enter the second high-voltage surge current suppression circuit CurrentRestrain1, whose output is connected to the positive input terminal Load+ of the load.

[0053] Furthermore, the fourth high-voltage DC power supply PS4 and the second high-voltage pulse generator PG2 are connected in series to form a "second high-voltage pulse power supply"; the input and output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse generator PG2 are connected in parallel with the second high-voltage diode D2; the high-voltage output of the third high-voltage DC power supply PS3 is connected to the input terminal of the second high-voltage diode D2, thereby forming a parallel bypass path between the third high-voltage DC power supply PS3 and the second high-voltage pulse power supply; the output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse generator PG2 and the second high-voltage diode D2 converge at the node and enter the second high-voltage surge current suppression circuit CurrentRestrain2, whose output is connected to the load terminal Load-.

[0054] Similarly, a third voltage / current detection unit V / IDetectingUnit3 and a fourth voltage / current detection unit V / IDetectingUnit3 are respectively set between the fourth high-voltage power supply PS4 and the second high-voltage pulse generator PG2 and on the side of the third high-voltage power supply PS3. These two detection units are used to sample the voltage amplitude, rising / falling edges and load current, and transmit the data back to the system controller via optical fiber to achieve the same closed-loop and interlocking strategy as in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0055] Similarly, the first and second high-voltage diodes D2 are selected from fast recovery high-voltage rectifier stacks and arranged according to polarity: in DC mode, they are forward-biased to form a low-loss path; in pulse mode, they are reverse-biased to block DC backflow.

[0056] The working mode of this embodiment is similar to that of Embodiment 1, and its working mode includes: A') In DC output mode, the system controller only enables PS2 and PS3 to work (PS1, PG1, PS4, and PG2 are turned off), while D1 and D2 are in the forward conduction state. The DC of the upper and lower links is applied to the loads load+ and load− respectively through their respective surge current suppression circuits to obtain a stable ±HV DC output.

[0057] B') The pulse output mode controller shuts down PS2 and PS3, enabling only PS1 and PS2, as well as PG1 and PG2. At this time, D1 and D2 are reverse-biased and cut off, and the upper and lower links output high-voltage pulses respectively. After being shaped by CurrentRestrain1 / 2, they are applied to the load+ and load− terminals respectively, which can realize bipolar push-pull or phase-programmable pulse output.

[0058] C') In DC superimposed pulse mode, the controller simultaneously enables PS1+PG1, PS4+PG2, as well as PS2 and PS3; the DC bias of the two links of PS2 and PS is conducted to the load through D1 / D2 respectively, and high voltage pulses from PG1 and PG2 are superimposed, thereby forming a DC ±HV superimposed pulse output at Load+ and Load− terminals; the DC amplitude and pulse amplitude / pulse width / repetition frequency are set independently and can be configured symmetrically or asymmetrically to adapt to different loads and application strategies.

[0059] like Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the system operates in a dual-channel structure. The positive DC channel formed by PS2 and D1 provides a bias voltage of approximately +40kV. PG1, triggered by the controller, superimposes a narrow pulse, causing the upper rail waveform to rise to approximately +75kV during the pulse period. Simultaneously, the negative DC channel formed by PS3 and D2 provides a bias of approximately -40kV. PG2 superimposes a negative narrow pulse, causing the lower rail waveform to drop to approximately -75kV during the pulse period. The two channels are pulsed synchronously (repetition frequency and pulse width are consistent, and the duty cycle is low). After being shaped by their respective surge current suppression circuits, they are applied to the load+ and Load− terminals respectively, realizing a pair of push-pull, independently adjustable "DC ±HV+ pulse" outputs.

[0060] Furthermore, the DC amplitude and pulse amplitude / pulse width / frequency are set separately by the system controller; when operating with pulses, D1 and D2 are reverse-biased and cut off, while when operating with DC, they are forward-biased to provide bias. This waveform is suitable for high-voltage loads requiring bipolar drive or symmetrical / asymmetrical bias, such as X-ray tube anode / cathode separate excitation.

[0061] Furthermore, in pulse output mode, the DC channel is turned off (PS2 / PS3 is not working), and the negative pulse generation unit (e.g., PG2) is enabled; at this time, the parallel bypass diode D2 is reverse cut off, and the pulse is sent to the load through the surge current suppression circuit. Figure 6 The upper and middle rails display a negative square wave with zero bias: the baseline is approximately 0 kV, and it overshoots to -30 kV during the pulse. The lower rail has a DC bias of approximately -10 kV, and it overshoots to approximately -45 kV during the pulse. The difference in amplitude between the two measurement points is due to the voltage drop of the damping / current limiting network and the superimposed DC bias. The waveform has steep upper and lower edges and controlled overshoot, indicating that this channel can output a pure negative pulse or a negative pulse superimposed with DC when needed, for unipolar excitation conditions.

[0062] In summary, the integrated architecture combining a DC power source, pulse generator, diode bypass, surge suppression, fiber optic isolation detection, and multi-mode control technology proposed in this invention enables rapid and seamless switching between three operating modes—DC output, pulse output, and DC-superimposed pulse—on the same hardware platform. The DC bias and pulse amplitude, pulse width, repetition frequency, and duty cycle are independently adjustable and can be expanded to multi-level / bipolar push-pull output to adapt to different loads. Through surge suppression combined with a multi-point V / I detection closed loop, parasitic oscillations and overshoots are significantly suppressed, energy backflow is avoided, and kV-level waveforms with controlled rising and falling edges and high reproducibility are obtained. Fiber optic isolation and μs-level interlocking protection enhance system safety and device reliability. The modular and standard interface design facilitates flexible configuration, mass production, and maintenance, balancing high performance and high economy, and its overall technical effect is superior to existing similar high-voltage power supply solutions.

Claims

1. A high-voltage pulse power supply, characterized in that, include: A first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and a first high-voltage pulse generator; The first high-voltage DC power supply is connected in series with the first high-voltage pulse generator to form the first high-voltage pulse power supply; The first high-voltage diode is connected in parallel to the input / output terminal of the first high-voltage pulse generator; The output terminal of the second high-voltage DC power supply is connected to the input terminal of the first high-voltage diode, so that a parallel bypass path is formed between the second high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse power supply. The output terminals of the first high-voltage pulse power supply and the first high-voltage diode are both connected to the first high-voltage surge current suppression circuit. The output terminal of the first high-voltage surge current suppression circuit is connected to the load.

2. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The third high-voltage DC power supply, the fourth high-voltage DC power supply, and the second high-voltage pulse generator; The fourth high-voltage DC power supply is connected in series with the second high-voltage pulse generator to form the second high-voltage pulse power supply; The second high-voltage diode is connected in parallel to the input and output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse generator; The output terminal of the third high-voltage DC power supply is connected to the input terminal of the second high-voltage diode, so that a parallel bypass path is formed between the third high-voltage DC power supply and the second high-voltage pulse generator. The output terminals of the second high-voltage pulse power supply and the second high-voltage diode are both connected to the second high-voltage surge current suppression circuit.

3. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second high-voltage DC power supply generates and outputs the first phase high voltage; the third high-voltage DC power supply generates and outputs the second phase high voltage.

4. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first high-voltage DC power supply and the first high-voltage pulse generator are used to generate a first-phase high-voltage pulse; the fourth high-voltage DC power supply and the second high-voltage pulse generator are used to generate a second-phase high-voltage pulse.

5. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first high-voltage diode or the second high-voltage diode is a fast recovery high-voltage diode or a high-voltage rectifier stack. Its polarity is set to be forward conducting when outputting DC to form the bypass path, and reverse cutoff when outputting pulse to block the DC channel.

6. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a voltage / current detection unit, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first high-voltage pulse generator and / or the second high-voltage pulse generator, and is isolated and transmitted through optical fiber to realize sampling feedback of the voltage amplitude, rising / falling edge and load current of the high-voltage circuit.

7. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output of the voltage / current detection unit is connected to the system controller, which is configured to adjust the pulse amplitude, pulse width, repetition frequency and duty cycle in a closed loop based on the sampling results, and to perform overvoltage, overcurrent and interlock protection.

8. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The system controller is configured to switch between at least three operating modes: A) DC output mode, which enables the second high-voltage DC power supply to operate, and the high-voltage diode is turned on to output DC voltage to the load through the surge current suppression circuit; B) Pulse output mode: the first high-voltage pulse generator is activated, the second high-voltage DC power supply is deactivated, and the first high-voltage diode is reverse-cut off to output pulse voltage to the load through the surge current suppression circuit. C) DC superimposed pulse mode, which simultaneously enables the first and second high-voltage DC power supplies and the high-voltage pulse generator to operate, so as to form a DC voltage superimposed pulse voltage output at both ends of the load.

9. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The first or second high-voltage pulse generator includes a high-voltage switch stack composed of multiple series-connected switch units; each switch unit is equipped with an isolated gate driver, SiC MOSFET or high-speed IGBT power device, and adjacent switch units are provided with static voltage equalization resistors and dynamic voltage equalization capacitors; the common output of the high-voltage switch stack is connected to the pulse output terminal through a damping matching network, and each switch unit is switched on and off in coordination under the action of a control signal to form a high-voltage pulse output.

10. The high-voltage pulse power supply according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It generates kV-level pulse voltages to drive the X-ray tube load.

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