Power distribution device, battery and electric device

Abstract

Provided are a power distribution device (30), a battery (1), and an electrical device. The power distribution device (30) comprises an electrical component (31) and an insulating heat-conducting component (32). One side of the insulating heat-conducting component (32) is connected to at least part of the electrical component (31), and the other side of the insulating heat-conducting component (32) is used to be connected to a heat exchange component (40). The insulating heat-conducting component (32) is used to transfer heat from the electrical component (31) to the heat exchange component (40). The power distribution device (30) can be thermally conducted between the electrical component (31) and the heat exchange component (40) through the insulating heat-conducting component (32), so that the heat dissipation performance and the heat dissipation efficiency of the power distribution device (30) on the electrical component (31) can be improved, the risk of thermal failure of the electrical component (31) can be reduced, and the service life of the electrical component (31) and the power distribution device (30) can be prolonged.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202311041120.1, filed on August 17, 2023, with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, entitled "Power Distribution Device, Battery and Electrical Equipment", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a power distribution device, a battery, and an electrical appliance. Background Technology

[0004] In a battery, the power distribution unit is the control unit for distributing battery energy, especially for high-voltage distribution. In some cases, the power distribution unit contains electrical components. These components generate a large amount of heat during the operation of the power distribution unit, leading to their thermal failure. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a power distribution device, a battery, and electrical equipment, aiming to solve the problem that electrical components generate a large amount of heat during the operation of the power distribution device, leading to easy thermal failure of the electrical components.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, a power distribution device is provided, comprising:

[0008] Electrical components;

[0009] An insulating thermally conductive element, one side of which is connected to at least a portion of an electrical device, and the other side of which is connected to a heat exchanger, the insulating thermally conductive element being used to transfer heat from the electrical device to the heat exchanger.

[0010] The power distribution device provided in this application embodiment can be insulated and thermally connected to electrical components through an insulating thermally conductive component, and also insulated and thermally connected to external heat exchange components through the same component. Based on this, on the one hand, the insulating performance of the insulating thermally conductive component ensures that the electrical components and heat exchange components are insulated from each other, thereby largely avoiding short circuits between the electrical components, the insulating thermally conductive component, and the heat exchange components, effectively reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuits and arcing. On the other hand, it facilitates heat exchange and conduction between the electrical components and the heat exchange components through the insulating thermally conductive component, especially facilitating the conduction of heat generated by the electrical components to the heat exchange components, so as to diffuse and conduct the heat generated by the electrical components to the outside of the power distribution device. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for the electrical components, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of the electrical components and the power distribution device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a sheet-like conductive structure having a thermally conductive surface connected to an insulating thermally conductive element.

[0012] By adopting the above scheme, and connecting the heat-conducting surface of the conductive structure of the electrical component to the insulating heat-conducting component, on the one hand, the insulating properties of the insulating heat-conducting component allow for insulation between the conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component, thereby essentially avoiding short circuits between them and reducing the risk of high-voltage short-circuit arcing. On the other hand, the conductive structure of the electrical component, which generates a lot of heat during operation, can be directly and thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component via its heat-conducting surface. This ensures and increases the thermal contact area between the conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component, facilitating the reliable and effective heat transfer of the large amount of heat generated by the conductive structure to the heat exchanger through the insulating heat-conducting component. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution equipment for the electrical components, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of the electrical components and the power distribution equipment.

[0013] In some embodiments, the power distribution device includes a housing for mounting electrical components;

[0014] The conductive structure includes a first conductive part, a second conductive part, and a third conductive part. The second conductive part is laid on the side of the shell facing the insulating heat-conducting component, and a heat-conducting surface is provided on the side of the second conductive part facing the insulating heat-conducting component.

[0015] The first conductive part and the third conductive part are respectively connected to different sides of the second conductive part, and both are bent towards the side closer to the housing. The first conductive part is connected to the corresponding electrical component, and the third conductive part is used to connect to the electrical component.

[0016] By adopting the above solution, electrical components can be installed through a housing to protect them and ensure a stable and secure installation position and state relative to the housing. This helps to protect and extend the service life of the electrical components. Furthermore, it facilitates precise and stable alignment between the electrical components and the insulating and thermally conductive parts, enabling a precise and reliable insulating and thermally conductive connection between the components and the insulating and thermally conductive parts. Additionally, it facilitates stable positioning and state of the electrical components relative to other electrical components, enabling a stable and reliable electrical connection between the components and other electrical components.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, the corresponding electrical components can be conveniently and reliably connected to the corresponding electrical parts through a conductive structure, especially through the sequentially bent and connected first, second, and third conductive parts. Furthermore, by placing the second conductive part on the side of the housing facing the insulating heat-conducting component and providing a heat-conducting surface on that side, the conductive structure can be directly and thermally insulatedly connected to the insulating heat-conducting component via the heat-conducting surface of the second conductive part. This reduces the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component by the housing, ensuring and increasing the heat-conducting contact area between them. This improves the heat conduction effect between the conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component, facilitating the reliable and efficient dissipation of large amounts of heat generated by the conductive structure through the insulating heat-conducting component, and ensuring and improving the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for electrical components.

[0018] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one receiving cavity;

[0019] At least one electrical device is a relay, which is fixedly mounted in the receiving cavity. The relay includes a switching unit, at least a portion of the outer wall of the switching unit is exposed inside the receiving cavity, and the wall of the receiving cavity is connected to the relay to fix the relay in the receiving cavity.

[0020] The conductive structure of the relay is located outside the receiving cavity, and the second conductive part of the relay is located on the outside of the receiving cavity near the insulating and heat-conducting component.

[0021] By adopting the above solution, the relay can be fixed within the housing cavity by accommodating it and connecting the cavity wall to the relay. Furthermore, the relay, fixedly installed within the cavity, can have at least a portion of its switching unit's outer wall exposed within the cavity, allowing the cavity wall to replace its own housing structure for protection. Based on this, while ensuring the housing effectively accommodates, limits, fixes, and protects the relay, the relay's own housing structure can be effectively omitted. This facilitates a more compact overall layout of the housing and relay, resulting in an integrated, miniaturized, lightweight, and simplified power distribution device. This effectively reduces design margins, wasted space, and space occupation, significantly reducing the weight and production cost of the power distribution device.

[0022] By adopting the above solution, the conductive structure of the relay can be placed outside the housing cavity, allowing the conductive structure to electrically connect the relay to other electrical components without occupying additional internal space. This reduces design margin and space waste between the housing and the relay, facilitates the assembly and connection of the housing, relay, conductive structure, and connected electrical components, and enables convenient and reliable electrical connection of the relay to other electrical components. Based on this, the second conductive part of the relay can be located on the outer side of the receiving cavity near the insulating heat-conducting component, allowing the second conductive part of the relay to be exposed on the outer side of the receiving cavity near the insulating heat-conducting component. This facilitates direct insulating and thermally conductive connection between the relay's conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component via the second conductive part. This reduces the obstruction effect of the receiving cavity wall on the thermal conduction path between the relay's conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component, increases the thermal contact area between the relay's conductive structure and the insulating heat-conducting component, thereby improving the thermal conduction effect between the relay and the insulating heat-conducting component. It also facilitates the reliable and effective rapid dissipation of heat generated by the relay and its conductive structure through the insulating heat-conducting component, improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for the relay, and reduces the risk of relay thermal failure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the power distribution device includes a base for mounting on a heat exchanger;

[0024] An insulating and heat-conducting component is mounted on the base, with the surface of the insulating and heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical components exposed on the base, and connected to the heat exchange component.

[0025] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting component can be fixedly mounted on the base, ensuring a stable and secure installation position and state relative to the base. This facilitates precise and stable alignment between the insulating heat-conducting component and the electrical components, and enables a precise and reliable insulating and thermally conductive connection. Furthermore, since the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing the electrical components is insulated and thermally connected to them, while the surface facing away from the electrical components is exposed on the base and thermally connected to the heat exchanger, the insulating heat-conducting component can be directly and thermally connected between the electrical components and the heat exchanger. This reduces the obstruction of the base on the heat conduction path of the insulating heat-conducting component, ensuring and improving its thermal conductivity between the electrical components and the heat exchanger.

[0026] In some embodiments, the insulating thermally conductive element is embedded in the base.

[0027] By adopting the above solution, at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting component can be embedded in the base, based on the previous embodiment. Therefore, on the one hand, at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting component can share space with the base, thereby saving space occupied by both the insulating heat-conducting component and the base. On the other hand, it facilitates the insulating heat-conducting component to directly and thermally insulate between the electrical device and the heat exchanger through the base, thereby reducing the obstruction of the heat conduction path of the insulating heat-conducting component by the base, and helping to ensure and improve the heat conduction effect of the insulating heat-conducting component between the electrical device and the heat exchanger.

[0028] In some embodiments, the base has a first limiting structure on the side facing the electrical device, which is used to limit the portion of the electrical device that is connected to the insulating and heat-conducting component.

[0029] By adopting the above scheme, a first limiting structure can be set on the base to facilitate the localized connection of electrical components with the insulating heat-conducting component. The components are limited and installed within the first limiting structure, and their surfaces are insulated and thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component at the corresponding location on the first limiting structure. Based on this, the first limiting structure of the base can limit and position the localized connection between the electrical components and the insulating heat-conducting component, thereby facilitating quick and accurate alignment of the components and the base. It also ensures precise alignment of the components with the insulating heat-conducting component mounted on the base, stabilizing the relative position and state between the components and the component. This facilitates accurate and reliable insulated and thermally conductive connection between the components and the component, guaranteeing the thermal conductivity between them.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first limiting structure is a hole-like structure, and the first limiting structure is connected to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting element.

[0031] By adopting the above scheme, when the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component facing the electrical device is embedded in the base, a first limiting structure with a hole-like structure is set on the base and connected to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component. This allows the portion of the electrical device used for thermal connection with the insulating heat-conducting component to be embedded and limited in the first limiting structure, and to achieve thermally insulated connection with the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component corresponding to the first limiting structure. Based on this, the portion of the electrical device used for thermal connection with the insulating heat-conducting component can be limited and positioned by the first limiting structure, facilitating precise alignment between the electrical device and the insulating heat-conducting component, and achieving a tight and reliable thermally insulated connection. Furthermore, it ensures that the portion of the electrical device can penetrate deep into the base, achieving a thermally insulated connection directly with the insulating heat-conducting component through the base. This reduces the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the electrical device and the insulating heat-conducting component by the base, improving the thermal conductivity between them. Moreover, it helps to reduce the overall space occupied by the electrical device, base, and insulating heat-conducting component.

[0032] In some embodiments, a second limiting structure is provided on the side of the base away from the electrical device for limiting the installation of the insulating and heat-conducting component.

[0033] By adopting the above solution, a second limiting structure can be provided on the side of the base away from the electrical component, facilitating the limiting installation of the insulating heat-conducting component within the second limiting structure. Based on this, the insulating heat-conducting component can be contained and limited by the second limiting structure of the base, thereby facilitating rapid and precise assembly between the insulating heat-conducting component and the base. Furthermore, it ensures precise alignment of the insulating heat-conducting component with the electrical component to be thermally connected, enabling the insulating heat-conducting component to perform its heat conduction function accurately, stably, and reliably.

[0034] In some embodiments, the second limiting structure is a groove-shaped structure.

[0035] By adopting the above scheme, a second limiting structure with a groove-like structure on the base can be used to embed the insulating heat-conducting component. Based on this, the insulating heat-conducting component can be limited and positioned via the second limiting structure, facilitating precise alignment between the insulating heat-conducting component and the base and various electrical components, and ensuring a tight and reliable insulating heat-conducting connection between the insulating heat-conducting component and the electrical components. Furthermore, it ensures that at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting component can penetrate and embed deeply into the base, enabling direct insulating heat-conducting connection with the electrical components through the base. This reduces the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the electrical components and the insulating heat-conducting component by the base, improving the heat conduction effect between them. Moreover, it helps to reduce the overall space occupied by the electrical components, base, and insulating heat-conducting component.

[0036] In some embodiments, the side of the insulating heat-conducting element facing away from the electrical device protrudes from the slot of the second limiting structure.

[0037] By adopting the above scheme, when the insulating heat-conducting component is embedded in the second limiting structure, the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component protrudes out of the slot of the second limiting structure, allowing this side to be exposed. Based on this, direct thermal connection between the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component and the heat exchanger can be facilitated, thereby reducing the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the insulating heat-conducting component and the heat exchanger by the base, and helping to ensure and improve the thermal conductivity between the insulating heat-conducting component and the heat exchanger. Furthermore, since the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component protrudes from the slot of the second limiting structure, and the dimension of the insulating heat-conducting component in the depth direction of the slot of the second limiting structure is greater than the depth of the slot of the second limiting structure, even if there are processing errors in the dimension of the insulating heat-conducting component in the depth direction of the slot of the second limiting structure or in the depth of the slot of the second limiting structure, when the insulating heat-conducting component is embedded in the second limiting structure, it can be basically ensured that the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component can be exposed in the second limiting structure and directly heat-conductedly connected with the heat exchange component. Therefore, based on the setting of this embodiment, it can also accommodate and allow certain processing errors, which can reduce the requirements for the fitting accuracy of the insulating heat-conducting component and the second limiting structure in the depth direction of the slot of the second limiting structure, thereby facilitating the processing and assembly of the insulating heat-conducting component and the base.

[0038] In some embodiments, the side of the insulating thermally conductive element facing away from the electrical device is flush with the slot of the second limiting structure.

[0039] By adopting the above scheme, when the insulating heat-conducting component is embedded in the second limiting structure, the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component can be flush with the slot of the second limiting structure, allowing this side to be exposed. Based on this, direct thermal connection between the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical component and the heat exchanger can be facilitated, thereby reducing the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the insulating heat-conducting component and the heat exchanger by the base, and helping to ensure and improve the thermal conductivity between the insulating heat-conducting component and the heat exchanger.

[0040] In some embodiments, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element is 15 kV / mm to 17 kV / mm.

[0041] By adopting the above solution, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive component can be increased to 15KV / mm~17KV / mm, enabling it to have better voltage withstand capability compared to conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives. Based on this, the risk of high-voltage breakdown of the insulating thermally conductive component during electrical component operation can be effectively reduced, while ensuring reliable heat exchange and conduction between the electrical components and heat exchangers. This effectively protects and extends the service life of the insulating thermally conductive component, reduces the risk of thermal failure of electrical components, and improves the service life and operational safety of the power distribution equipment.

[0042] In some embodiments, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element is 15.1 Kv / mm ~ 16.6 Kv / mm.

[0043] By adopting the above scheme, and achieving a DC breakdown strength of 15.1 KV / mm to 16.6 KV / mm for the insulating thermally conductive component, on the one hand, the component exhibits superior voltage withstand capability compared to conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives. This effectively reduces the risk of high-voltage breakdown during electrical component operation, ensuring and extending its service life, mitigating the risk of thermal failure, and enhancing the service life and operational safety of the power distribution equipment. On the other hand, it allows for a corresponding assessment of the voltage withstand capability requirements for the insulating thermally conductive component, thereby reducing its manufacturing difficulty and cost, and consequently lowering the cost of the power distribution equipment.

[0044] In some embodiments, the insulating and thermally conductive component is a phase change material component.

[0045] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting component can be made of phase change material. Based on the phase change characteristics of the phase change material, the insulating heat-conducting component can change its material state and absorb or release a large amount of latent heat at a constant temperature. Based on this, the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the insulating heat-conducting component can be effectively guaranteed and improved. This can effectively guarantee and improve the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for electrical components, effectively reduce the risk of thermal failure of electrical components, and effectively guarantee and extend the service life of electrical components and power distribution device.

[0046] In some embodiments, the insulating and thermally conductive component is a ceramic component.

[0047] By adopting the above solution and using ceramic insulating thermally conductive components, on the one hand, the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the components can be effectively improved, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution equipment for electrical components. This effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of electrical components and extends the service life of both the components and the power distribution equipment. On the other hand, the insulating thermally conductive components possess superior voltage resistance compared to conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives, effectively reducing the risk of high-voltage breakdown during operation and extending their service life. This, in turn, effectively ensures and improves the service life and safety of the power distribution equipment.

[0048] In some embodiments, the insulating thermally conductive element includes at least one of alumina ceramic, aluminum nitride ceramic, and silicon nitride ceramic.

[0049] By adopting the above solution, the insulating thermally conductive component can be made to include at least one of alumina ceramic, aluminum nitride ceramic, and silicon nitride ceramic, thereby giving it excellent electrical insulation, thermal conductivity, chemical resistance, wear resistance, and low thermal expansion properties, which can improve the performance and service life of the insulating thermally conductive component.

[0050] In some embodiments, at least two electrical components are provided, and one insulating heat-conducting component is provided, with each electrical component being thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component.

[0051] By adopting the above scheme, at least two electrical components can be thermally connected to an insulating heat-conducting component, allowing the component to effectively conduct heat to both components. This increases the area of ​​the insulating heat-conducting component, ensuring and improving its thermal conductivity to each component. This, in turn, enhances the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution system, reduces the risk of thermal failure, and extends the service life of both components and the power distribution system. Furthermore, it reduces the number of insulating heat-conducting components required, simplifying their assembly and improving the ease and efficiency of power distribution system assembly.

[0052] In some embodiments, the insulating and heat-conducting components are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the electrical components.

[0053] By adopting the above scheme, each insulating heat-conducting component can be paired with an electrical component in a one-to-one manner, ensuring a consistent thermal connection and enabling each component to conduct heat effectively to its respective component. This guarantees the heat conduction performance of each component for each component, and allows for customized design of the component's size and shape based on the component's specific heat requirements. This effectively improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution system, reduces the risk of thermal failure, and extends the lifespan of both components and the power distribution system. Furthermore, this embodiment also reduces the total material consumption of the insulating heat-conducting components, thereby saving on the overall cost of the components and the power distribution system.

[0054] In some embodiments, the insulating thermally conductive element and the electrical component are fastened together by fasteners.

[0055] By adopting the above solution, the connection strength and tightness between the electrical components and the insulating heat-conducting components can be enhanced by fastening them together with fasteners. Based on this, the tightness and reliability of the thermally conductive connection between the electrical components and the insulating heat-conducting components can be improved, allowing the insulating heat-conducting components to reliably and effectively transfer the heat generated by the electrical components to the heat exchange components. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution equipment for the electrical components, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of the electrical components and the power distribution equipment.

[0056] In some embodiments, the insulating thermally conductive component is bonded to the electrical component by thermally conductive adhesive.

[0057] By adopting the above solution, thermally conductive adhesive can be used to bond electrical components and insulating thermally conductive parts together, thereby enhancing the connection strength and tightness between the electrical components and the insulating thermally conductive parts. Based on this, the tightness and reliability of the thermally conductive connection between the electrical components and the insulating thermally conductive parts can be improved, allowing the insulating thermally conductive parts to reliably and effectively conduct the heat generated by the electrical components to the heat exchange components. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution equipment for the electrical components, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of the electrical components and the power distribution equipment.

[0058] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes at least one of a relay, a current sensor, a fuse, a tamper, and a pre-charge resistor.

[0059] By adopting the above solution, and by including at least one of relays, current sensors, fuses, circuit breakers, and pre-charge resistors in the electrical components, it is possible to ensure that these components, including critical parts used for high-voltage distribution of batteries in the power distribution device, are protected as the main heat-generating components. Based on this, by integrating the insulating and thermally conductive connections between the integrated insulating and thermally conductive components and the electrical components, the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for relays, current sensors, fuses, circuit breakers, pre-charge resistors, and other electrical components can be guaranteed and improved. This effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of relays, current sensors, fuses, circuit breakers, pre-charge resistors, and other electrical components, and can guarantee and extend their service life.

[0060] In some embodiments, the electrical components are provided in at least two;

[0061] The gap between an electrical component and an adjacent electrical component is a first gap. The electrical component is provided with a first connector. The first connector includes a first connecting portion for detachable connection with an external connector. The first connecting portion is located outside each first gap of the corresponding electrical component.

[0062] By adopting the above scheme, when the gap between an electrical component and its adjacent components is defined as a first gap, by placing the first connecting part outside each first gap of the corresponding electrical component, on the one hand, it is convenient to perform the connection operation of the first connecting part in the space outside each first gap of the corresponding electrical component, thereby ensuring and improving the convenience of connecting and disconnecting the first connecting part. On the other hand, it eliminates the need to provide a space for accommodating the first connecting part or a space for connecting the first connecting part in each first gap of the electrical component, thereby facilitating the compression of the gap between the electrical component and its adjacent components as needed, which is conducive to the compact overall layout of the electrical components, and thus facilitates the formation of an integrated, compact, and miniaturized power distribution device.

[0063] Secondly, a battery is provided, which includes the power distribution device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0064] Thirdly, an electrical device is provided, which includes the battery provided in the embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0065] To clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0066] Figure 1 This application provides structural schematic diagrams of vehicles for some embodiments;

[0067] Figure 2 An exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power distribution device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the provided power distribution equipment Figure 1 ;

[0071] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the provided power distribution equipment Figure 2 ;

[0072] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A front view of the provided power distribution equipment;

[0073] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The provided sectional view along AA;

[0074] Figure 9 An exploded view of the housing, relay, and cover provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0075] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of a power distribution device provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the side of the insulating heat-conducting element facing away from the electrical component is flush with the slot of the second limiting structure;

[0076] Figure 11 The following is an exploded view of various electrical components, bases, and insulating heat-conducting components provided in other embodiments of this application, wherein the insulating heat-conducting components are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the electrical components;

[0077] Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of a power distribution device provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the insulating heat-conducting component and the electrical components are fastened together by fasteners;

[0078] Figure 13 A cross-sectional view of a power distribution device provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the insulating thermally conductive component is bonded to the electrical component by thermally conductive adhesive;

[0079] Figure 14 The diagram shows an exploded view of the various electrical components, covers, and connectors provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0080] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0081] 1-Battery, 2-Controller, 3-Motor; 10-Battery cell; 20-Casing, 21-First part, 22-Second part; 30-Power distribution device; 40-Heat exchanger, 41-Thermal management component;

[0082] 31-Electrical component; 311-Conductive structure; 3111-Heat-conducting surface; 3112-First conductive part; 3113-Second conductive part; 3114-Third conductive part; 312-Relay; 3121-Main positive relay; 3122-Main negative relay; 3123-Pre-charge relay; 3124-Switching unit; 31241-Iron core; 31242-Coil; 31243-Bracket; 3125-Contact; 313-Current sensor; 3131-Shunt; 3132-Hall current sensor; 314-Fuse; 3141-Main... 315 - Pre-charge resistor; 316 - First gap; 317 - First connector; 3171 - First connection part; 32 - Insulating and heat-conducting component; 33 - Housing; 331 - Receiving cavity; 332 - Insulating structure; 34 - Base; 341 - First limiting structure; 342 - Second limiting structure; 35 - Fastener; 36 - Thermally conductive adhesive; 37 - Connector; 371 - Socket; 372 - Second connector; 3721 - Second connection part; 3722 - Conductive connection part; 38 - Cover; 39 - Cover assembly; 391 - Buckle; 392 - Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0083] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clear, the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0084] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0085] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or at least two of that feature. In the description of this application, "at least two" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0086] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0087] In a battery, the power distribution unit is the control unit for distributing battery energy, especially for high-voltage distribution. In some cases, the power distribution unit contains electrical components. These components generate a large amount of heat during the operation of the power distribution unit, leading to their thermal failure.

[0088] Therefore, some embodiments of this application provide a power distribution device that can be insulated and thermally connected to electrical components via an insulating thermally conductive element, and also insulated and thermally connected to external heat exchange components via the same element. Based on this, on the one hand, the insulating performance of the insulating thermally conductive element ensures that the electrical components and heat exchange components are insulated from each other, thereby essentially preventing short circuits between the electrical components, the insulating thermally conductive element, and the heat exchange components, effectively reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuits and arcing. On the other hand, it facilitates heat exchange and conduction between the electrical components and the heat exchange components via the insulating thermally conductive element, particularly facilitating the transfer of heat generated by the electrical components to the heat exchange components, thus diffusing and dissipating the heat generated by the electrical components to the outside of the power distribution device. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device for the electrical components, effectively reducing the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components, and effectively ensuring and extending the service life of the electrical components and the power distribution device.

[0089] The power distribution device disclosed in this application can be used for batteries as a control unit for distributing battery energy and performing high-voltage distribution on the batteries.

[0090] The battery disclosed in this application can be a modular structure including at least one battery cell to provide higher voltage and capacity, such as a battery module or battery pack. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, etc.; the battery cell can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes, etc.; the battery cell can be packaged in different ways to form a cylindrical battery cell, a square battery cell, or a pouch battery cell, etc.

[0091] The batteries disclosed in this application can be used in electrical devices that use batteries as a power source, or in various energy storage systems that use batteries as energy storage elements. Electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools, etc. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.

[0092] To illustrate the technical solution provided in this application, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific drawings and embodiments, taking "electrical equipment as a vehicle" as an example.

[0093] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application. The vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery 1 is installed inside the vehicle, and the battery 1 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery 1 is used to supply power to the vehicle; for example, the battery 1 can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller 2 and a motor 3. The controller 2 is used to control the battery 1 to supply power to the motor 3, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, battery 1 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0095] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is an exploded view of battery 1 provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 3This is a partial structural diagram of a battery 1 provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery 1 includes a battery cell 10 and a housing 20, with the battery cell 10 housed within the housing 20. The housing 20 provides a space for the battery cell 10, and its structure can be designed flexibly and in various ways. In some embodiments, the housing 20 may include a first portion 21 and a second portion 22, which overlap each other, jointly defining a space for accommodating the battery cell 10. The second portion 22 may be a hollow structure with one open end, and the first portion 21 may be a plate-like structure, covering the open side of the second portion 22 so that the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 jointly define the space. Alternatively, both the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 may be hollow structures with one open side, with the open side of the first portion 21 covering the open side of the second portion 22. Of course, the housing 20 formed by the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.

[0096] In battery 1, there can be at least two battery cells 10. The at least two battery cells 10 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed manner. A mixed connection means that at least two battery cells 10 are connected in both series and parallel.

[0097] For example, battery cell 10 can be a single battery cell. At least two battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or mixed together, and then the entire assembly of at least two battery cells is housed within housing 20. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion secondary battery, lithium-sulfur battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, or magnesium-ion battery, etc. The battery cell can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes, etc. The battery cell can be packaged in different ways to form cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, or pouch battery cells, etc.

[0098] Alternatively, battery cell 10 can be a battery module or battery assembly. At least two battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a modular structure, i.e., a battery module or battery assembly; at least two battery modules or battery assemblies can then be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a whole, which is housed within the housing 20.

[0099] In some embodiments, the battery 1 may further include a power distribution device 30, which is housed within the housing space of the enclosure 20. The power distribution device 30 is connected to the battery unit 10, etc., and can serve as a control unit for distributing the energy of the battery 1, performing high-voltage distribution on the battery 1.

[0100] In some embodiments, the battery 1 may further include a thermal management component 41, which is housed within the housing space of the casing 20 and is used for heat exchange with components such as the battery cell 10 and the power distribution device 30 to regulate the temperature of the battery 1. The thermal management component 41 may be a liquid cooling plate. In some embodiments, one thermal management component 41 may be provided and placed on the same side of the battery cell 10 and the power distribution device 30 to facilitate heat exchange. In other embodiments, at least two thermal management components 41 may be provided to allow for flexible design of their positions and states, enabling at least two thermal management components 41 to exchange heat with the battery cell 10 and the power distribution device 30 respectively. The thermal management component 41 may also be an air-cooling system, where the airflow generated by the system passes through the battery cell 10 and the power distribution device 30 to facilitate heat exchange. Of course, the thermal management component 41 may also have other structural forms.

[0101] Of course, the battery 1 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 1 may also include a busbar (not shown) for realizing electrical connection between at least two battery cells 10.

[0102] Of course, in some embodiments, the battery 1 may not include the housing 20, but rather at least two battery cells 10 are electrically connected and assembled into an integral unit by necessary fixing structures and then installed in the electrical equipment.

[0103] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 Some embodiments of this application provide a power distribution device 30, which includes an electrical component 31 and an insulating heat-conducting component 32. One side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is connected to at least a portion of the electrical component 31, and the other side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is used to connect to a heat exchanger 40. The insulating heat-conducting component 32 is used to transfer heat from the electrical component 31 to the heat exchanger 40.

[0104] It should be noted that electrical component 31 can refer to any electrical element in the power distribution device 30. Electrical component 31 may include relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, tamper 314, precharge resistor 315, etc. Among them, relay 312 may include main positive relay 3121, main negative relay 3122, precharge relay 3123, etc. Current sensor 313 may include shunt 3131, Hall current sensor 3132, etc. In some embodiments, tamper 314 may be a fuse.

[0105] It should also be noted that heat exchanger 40 can refer to an external component used for heat exchange with components such as electrical device 31. Heat exchanger 40 has good thermal conductivity, enabling rapid and reliable heat exchange with components such as electrical device 31 and insulating heat-conducting component 32, and quickly dissipating heat. For example, heat exchanger 40 can be a thermal management component 41, the housing 20 of battery 1, the body of a vehicle, etc.

[0106] It should also be noted that the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is at least a component used to transfer heat from the electrical device 31 to the heat exchanger 40. When the power distribution device 30 is located on the heat exchanger 40, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 will be located between the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40.

[0107] The insulating heat-conducting component 32 comprises a heat-conducting material and possesses thermal conductivity, enabling it to perform heat exchange and heat conduction functions. One side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is thermally connected to at least a portion of the electrical device 31, and the other side is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40. This facilitates rapid and reliable heat exchange between the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40 via the insulating heat-conducting component 32, particularly facilitating the rapid heat conduction of heat generated by the electrical device 31 to the heat exchanger 40. Consequently, it effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical device 31, reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical device 31, and ensures and extends the service life of both the electrical device 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0108] The insulating heat-conducting component 32 also includes insulating material, which has insulating properties and can perform insulating functions. Based on the insulating properties of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, it can be ensured that the electrical component 31 and the heat exchange component 40 are insulated from each other through the insulating heat-conducting component 32, which can prevent short circuits between the electrical component 31, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchange component 40, thereby reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuit arcing between the electrical component 31, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchange component 40.

[0109] The insulating and heat-conducting component 32 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

[0110] The shape of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be designed in various ways, such as cuboid, cylinder, etc.

[0111] While ensuring the thermal conductivity and insulation between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the electrical component 31, the connection method between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the electrical component 31 can be flexibly designed, such as abutment, bonding, bolt locking connection, etc.

[0112] In summary, the power distribution device 30 provided in this application embodiment can be insulated and thermally connected to the electrical component 31 through the insulating thermally conductive element 32, and can also be insulated and thermally connected to the external heat exchange component 40 through the insulating thermally conductive element 32. Based on this, on the one hand, the insulating performance of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 can ensure that the electrical component 31 and the heat exchange component 40 can be insulated from each other through the insulating thermally conductive element 32, thereby basically avoiding short circuits between the electrical component 31, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 and the heat exchange component 40, and effectively reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuit arcing between the electrical component 31, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 and the heat exchange component 40. On the other hand, it facilitates heat exchange and conduction between the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40 through the insulating heat-conducting element 32. In particular, it facilitates the heat generated by the electrical device 31 to be conducted to the heat exchanger 40 through the insulating heat-conducting element 32, so as to diffuse and conduct the heat generated by the electrical device 31 to the outside of the power distribution device 30. Thus, it can effectively ensure and improve the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical device 31, effectively reduce the risk of thermal failure of the electrical device 31, and effectively ensure and extend the service life of the electrical device 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0113] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 In some embodiments of this application, the electrical device 31 includes a sheet-like conductive structure 311, the conductive structure 311 having a heat-conducting surface 3111, and the heat-conducting surface 3111 being connected to the insulating heat-conducting element 32.

[0114] It should be noted that the conductive structure 311 is a component of the electrical device 31 used to achieve electrical connection. The conductive structure 311 may be in the form of a sheet, and may include a bar, busbar, conductive sheet, etc. Among them, the bar may include copper bar, aluminum bar, etc.

[0115] The conductive structure 311 has a heat-conducting surface 3111, which can be thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component 32 in close contact. This arrangement allows the conductive structure 311, which generates a significant amount of heat during operation, to be directly and thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component 32 via the heat-conducting surface 3111. This ensures and increases the thermal contact area between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, facilitating reliable and effective heat transfer of the large amount of heat generated by the conductive structure 311 to the heat exchanger 40. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 for the electrical components 31, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components 31, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of both the electrical components 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0116] Furthermore, based on the insulating properties of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be insulated from each other. This arrangement can essentially prevent short circuits between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, thereby reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuits and arcing between them.

[0117] By adopting the above scheme, by connecting the heat-conducting surface 3111 of the conductive structure 311 of the electrical device 31 to the insulating heat-conducting component 32, on the one hand, based on the insulation characteristics of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be insulated, thereby basically avoiding short circuits between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, and reducing the risk of high-voltage short circuit arcing between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32. On the other hand, the conductive structure 311 of the electrical device 31, which generates a lot of heat during operation, can be directly and thermally connected to the insulating thermally conductive element 32 through the heat-conducting surface 3111. Based on this, the thermal contact area between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating thermally conductive element 32 can be guaranteed and increased, so that the large amount of heat generated by the conductive structure 311 can be reliably and effectively transferred to the heat exchange element 40 through the insulating thermally conductive element 32. Thus, the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical device 31 can be effectively guaranteed and improved, the risk of thermal failure of the electrical device 31 can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the electrical device 31 and the power distribution device 30 can be effectively guaranteed and extended.

[0118] Of course, in other embodiments, the electrical device 31 can be insulated and thermally connected to the insulating and thermally conductive element 32 with a non-sheet-shaped conductive structure 311; or, the electrical device 31 can be insulated and thermally connected to the insulating and thermally conductive element 32 with a portion other than the conductive structure 311.

[0119] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the power distribution device 30 includes a housing 33 for mounting electrical components 31. The conductive structure 311 includes a first conductive portion 3112, a second conductive portion 3113, and a third conductive portion 3114. The second conductive portion 3113 is disposed on the side of the housing 33 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and a heat-conducting surface 3111 is provided on the side of the second conductive portion 3113 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32. The first conductive portion 3112 and the third conductive portion 3114 are respectively connected to different sides of the second conductive portion 3113 and are both bent towards the side closer to the housing 33. The first conductive portion 3112 is connected to the corresponding electrical component 31. The third conductive portion 3114 is used to connect to the electrical component.

[0120] It should be noted that the housing 33 is a component used to mount the electrical components 31. The structure and shape of the housing 33 can be designed in various ways. When there are multiple electrical components 31, the layout of the multiple electrical components 31 in the housing 33 can be flexibly designed as needed.

[0121] The electrical component 31 is mounted through the housing 33, which protects the electrical component 31 and ensures a stable and secure mounting position and state of the electrical component 31 relative to the housing 33. This helps to protect and extend the service life of the electrical component 31; facilitates precise and stable alignment of the electrical component 31 with the insulating and heat-conducting component 32, and establishes a precise and reliable insulating and heat-conducting connection with the component 32; and facilitates stable positioning and state of the electrical component 31 with other electrical components, and establishes a stable and reliable electrical connection with them.

[0122] Here, "electrical component" refers to the component that forms an electrical connection with electrical device 31. The electrical component can be other electrical devices 31, or it can be a circuit (not limited to a circuit board), an external bus, etc. The electrical components electrically connected to different electrical devices 31 can be the same or different.

[0123] It should also be noted that the conductive structure 311 is a component used to electrically connect the corresponding electrical device 31 to the corresponding electrical component. The corresponding electrical device 31 refers to the electrical device 31 that includes and is electrically connected to the conductive structure 311. The corresponding electrical component refers to another component, besides the corresponding electrical device 31, that is electrically connected to the conductive structure 311. In other words, the corresponding electrical device 31 and the corresponding electrical component are two components connected to the conductive structure 311.

[0124] The conductive structure 311 is a sheet-like structure, comprising a first conductive portion 3112, a second conductive portion 3113, and a third conductive portion 3114 connected sequentially. The first conductive portion 3112 is connected to the corresponding electrical component 31 and extends towards the side closest to the insulating heat-conducting element 32. The third conductive portion 3114 is connected to the corresponding electrical component and extends towards the side closest to the insulating heat-conducting element 32. The second conductive portion 3113 is bent and connected to the end of the first conductive portion 3112 near the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and the end of the third conductive portion 3114 near the insulating heat-conducting element 32. That is, the second conductive portion 3113 connects from the end of the first conductive portion 3112 near the insulating heat-conducting element 32 to the end of the third conductive portion 3114 near the insulating heat-conducting element 32, with the second conductive portion 3113 and the first conductive portion 3112 forming an angle, and the second conductive portion 3113 and the third conductive portion 3114 forming an angle.

[0125] Based on the layout of the corresponding electrical device 31 and the corresponding electrical component, as well as the shape of the second conductive part 3113, the first conductive part 3112 and the third conductive part 3114 can be connected to different sides of the second conductive part 3113. That is, the first conductive part 3112 and the third conductive part 3114 can be connected to adjacent sides of the second conductive part 3113, or they can be connected to opposite sides of the second conductive part 3113, and so on. In other words, the overall shape of the conductive structure 311 can be flexibly designed as needed.

[0126] By sequentially bending and connecting the first conductive part 3112, the second conductive part 3113, and the third conductive part 3114, the conductive structure 311 can conveniently and reliably connect the corresponding electrical device 31 to the corresponding electrical component.

[0127] It should also be noted that the second conductive portion 3113 is disposed on the side of the housing 33 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32. That is, the second conductive portion 3113 is disposed on the side of the housing 33 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32 in a manner "generally parallel to the side of the housing 33 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32". In this case, on the side of the second conductive portion 3113 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32, the second conductive portion 3113 can form the aforementioned heat-conducting surface 3111 for thermally conductively connecting with the insulating heat-conducting element 32 in close contact. Based on this, the conductive structure 311 can be directly and thermally insulatedly connected to the insulating heat-conducting element 32 via the heat-conducting surface 3111 of the second conductive portion 3113, thereby reducing the obstruction effect of the housing 33 on the heat conduction path between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and ensuring and increasing the thermal contact area between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting element 32.

[0128] By adopting the above solution, the electrical component 31 can be installed through the housing 33 to protect the electrical component 31 and ensure that the installation position and state of the electrical component 31 relative to the housing 33 are stable and secure. Based on this, the service life of the electrical component 31 can be guaranteed and extended. Furthermore, it facilitates precise and stable alignment of the electrical component 31 with the insulating and heat-conducting component 32, enabling the electrical component 31 to establish a precise and reliable insulating and heat-conducting connection with the insulating and heat-conducting component 32. Moreover, it facilitates stable positioning and state of the electrical component 31 with other electrical components, enabling the electrical component 31 to establish a stable and reliable electrical connection with other electrical components.

[0129] By adopting the above scheme, the corresponding electrical device 31 can be conveniently and reliably connected to the corresponding electrical component through the conductive structure 311, especially through the first conductive part 3112, the second conductive part 3113 and the third conductive part 3114 which are connected by bending in sequence. Based on this, the second conductive part 3113 can be laid on the side of the housing 33 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and the side of the second conductive part 3113 facing the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be provided with a heat-conducting surface 3111. This allows the conductive structure 311 to be directly and thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting element 32 through the heat-conducting surface 3111 of the second conductive part 3113. Based on this, the obstruction effect of the housing 33 on the heat conduction path between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be reduced, and the heat conduction contact area between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be guaranteed and increased. This can guarantee and improve the heat conduction effect between the conductive structure 311 and the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and facilitate the reliable and effective rapid dissipation of the large amount of heat generated by the conductive structure 311 through the insulating heat-conducting element 32. This can guarantee and improve the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical components 31.

[0130] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 In some embodiments of this application, the housing 33 is provided with at least one receiving cavity 331. At least one electrical device 31 is a relay 312, which is fixedly mounted in the receiving cavity 331. The relay 312 includes a switching unit 3124, at least a portion of the outer wall of the switching unit 3124 being exposed within the receiving cavity 331. The wall of the receiving cavity 331 is connected to the relay 312 to fix the relay 312 to the receiving cavity 331. The conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 is located outside the receiving cavity 331, and the second conductive portion 3113 of the relay 312 is located on the outer side of the receiving cavity 331 near the insulating heat-conducting member 32.

[0131] It should be noted that the housing 33 is provided with at least one receiving cavity 331, which can be used to fix and install the relay 312. The receiving cavity 331 has an opening through which the relay 312 can be placed or removed. The opening of the receiving cavity 331 can be located on any side of the housing 33. When there are at least two receiving cavities 331, the openings of the at least two receiving cavities 331 can be located on the same side of the housing 33 or on different sides of the housing 33.

[0132] It should also be noted that at least one electrical device 31 is a relay 312. A relay 312 is an electrical control device that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit when the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) reaches a specified requirement. The relay 312 may include a main positive relay 3121, a main negative relay 3122, etc.

[0133] The relay 312 includes a contact 3125 and a switching unit 3124. The contact 3125 is used to connect to a high-voltage circuit, and the switching unit 3124 is used to control the contact 3125 to close or open. The opening or closing of the contact 3125 controls the on / off state of the high-voltage circuit. In some embodiments, the switching unit 3124 can be energized to generate electromagnetic fields, causing the contact 3125 to close or open. For example, the switching unit 3124 may include an iron core 31241 and a coil 31242 wound around the iron core 31241. The coil 31242 can generate electromagnetic fields when current flows through it, causing the contact 3125 to close or open. Of course, in other embodiments, the switching unit 3124 may adopt other structural forms or other principles to achieve the control of the contact 3125 to close or open.

[0134] It should also be noted that the relay 312 can be fixedly installed in the receiving cavity 331. The number of relays 312 can be greater than or equal to the number of receiving cavities 331, so that at least some of the relays 312 can be fixedly installed one-to-one in each receiving cavity 331.

[0135] The relay 312, fixedly installed in the receiving cavity 331, allows at least a portion of the outer wall of its switching unit 3124 to be exposed within the receiving cavity 331. The outer wall of the switching unit 3124 includes the exposed outer surfaces of each component of the switching unit 3124. For example, the switching unit 3124 includes an iron core 31241 and a coil 31242 wound around the outside of the iron core 31241. If the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 31241 is completely wound and obscured by the coil 31242, the outer wall of the switching unit 3124 mainly includes the outer peripheral surface of the outermost coil of the coil 31242. If the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 31241 is partially wound and obscured by the coil 31242, the outer wall of the switching unit 3124 includes the outer peripheral surface of the outermost coil of the coil 31242 and the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 31241 not obscured by the coil 31242. For example, if the switching unit 3124 includes an iron core 31241, a coil 31242 wound around the iron core 31241, and a bracket 31243 for supporting and fixing the iron core 31241, then the outer wall of the switching unit 31244 may include the outer surface of the bracket 31243, the outer peripheral surface of the outermost ring of the coil 31242 that is not covered by the bracket 31243, and the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 31241 that is not covered by the bracket 31243 and the coil 31242.

[0136] Based on this, the relay 312, which is fixedly installed in the receiving cavity 331, can be protected by the wall of the receiving cavity 331 instead of its own outer shell structure. Thus, the outer shell structure of the relay 312 can be omitted, that is, the relay 312 fixedly installed in the receiving cavity 331 is a caseless relay 312.

[0137] Based on this, the wall of the receiving cavity 331 can be connected to the relay 312 located therein to fix the relay 312 to the receiving cavity 331 and prevent the relay 312 from falling out of the receiving cavity 331, especially to prevent the relay 312 from falling out of the receiving cavity 331 due to vibration during operation. The wall of the receiving cavity 331 can be connected to the relay 312 via a detachable connection or a fixed connection to fix the relay 312 to the receiving cavity 331. The detachable connection method can be, but is not limited to, using snap-fit ​​connections, screw fastening, etc. The fixed connection method can be, but is not limited to, using adhesive bonding, etc.

[0138] By adopting the above solution, the relay 312 can be fixed in the receiving cavity 331 of the housing 33 by accommodating the relay 312 and connecting the wall of the receiving cavity 331 to the relay 312. Furthermore, the relay 312, fixedly installed in the receiving cavity 331, can have at least a portion of the outer wall of its switching unit 3124 exposed within the receiving cavity 331, allowing the wall of the receiving cavity 331 to replace its own outer shell structure for protection. Based on this, while ensuring that the housing 33 can effectively accommodate, limit, fix, and protect the relay 312, the outer shell structure of the relay 312 can be effectively omitted. This facilitates a compact overall layout of the housing 33 and the relay 312, resulting in an integrated, miniaturized, lightweight, and simplified power distribution device 30. This effectively reduces the design margin, wasted space, and occupied space of the power distribution device 30, effectively reduces the weight of the power distribution device 30, and helps lower the production cost of the power distribution device 30.

[0139] It should also be noted that the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312, that is, the conductive structure 311 used to electrically connect the relay 312 to other electrical components, is disposed outside the receiving cavity 331 without occupying additional internal space of the receiving cavity 331. In particular, the second conductive part 3113 of the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 is disposed on the outer side of the receiving cavity 331 near the insulating heat-conducting member 32.

[0140] By adopting the above solution, the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 can be disposed outside the receiving cavity 331, so that the conductive structure 311 can electrically connect the relay 312 to other electrical components without occupying additional internal space of the receiving cavity 331. Based on this, the design margin and space waste between the housing 33 and the relay 312 can be reduced, and the assembly and cooperation of the housing 33, the relay 312, the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312, and the electrical components connected to the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 can be facilitated. It also facilitates the conductive structure 311 to conveniently and reliably connect the relay 312 to other electrical components. Based on this, the second conductive part 3113 of the relay 312 can be disposed on the outer side of the receiving cavity 331 near the insulating heat-conducting member 32, so that the second conductive part 3113 of the relay 312 can be exposed on the outer side of the receiving cavity 331 near the insulating heat-conducting member 32. This facilitates the direct insulating and thermally conductive connection between the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 and the insulating heat-conducting member 32 via the second conductive part 3113. As a result, the obstruction effect of the wall of the receiving cavity 331 on the thermal conductive path between the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 and the insulating heat-conducting member 32 can be reduced, and the thermal contact area between the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 and the insulating heat-conducting member 32 can be increased. This can improve the thermal conductivity between the relay 312 and the insulating heat-conducting member 32, and facilitate the reliable and effective rapid dissipation of heat generated by the relay 312 and its conductive structure 311 through the insulating heat-conducting member 32. This can improve the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 for the relay 312, and reduce the risk of thermal failure of the relay 312.

[0141] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 In some embodiments of this application, at least two receiving cavities 331 are provided, and at least two receiving cavities 331 are arranged adjacent to each other. The housing 33 is provided with at least one insulating structure 332, which is disposed between two adjacent receiving cavities 331 to separate the contacts 3125 of the corresponding two relays 312.

[0142] It should be noted that there are at least two receiving cavities 331, and each receiving cavity 331 is fixedly installed with a relay 312. Theoretically, at least two receiving cavities 331 can be flexibly arranged. Due to the compact layout, in some cases, there are at least two receiving cavities 331 arranged adjacent to each other, and the caseless relays 312 in the two adjacent receiving cavities 331 will be close to each other, especially the contacts 3125 of the two adjacent relays 312 will be close to each other.

[0143] Based on this, the housing 33 can provide an insulating structure 332 between the two adjacent accommodating cavities 331. At least one insulating structure 332 can be provided between each set of two adjacent accommodating cavities 331. The insulating structure 332 includes insulating material, has insulating properties, and can perform insulating function. The insulating structure 332 can insulatingly separate the accommodating cavities 331 on both sides, especially the two relays 312 correspondingly installed in the two accommodating cavities 331, and especially the contacts 3125 of the two corresponding relays 312, thereby improving the insulation between the contacts 3125 of the relays 312 located on opposite sides of the insulating structure 332.

[0144] The insulation structure 332 can be designed in various ways. For example, the insulation structure 332 can be a frame structure with the ends connected.

[0145] The insulating structure 332 is an integrally formed component of the housing 33, or it can be a separate formed component.

[0146] By adopting the above solution, the housing 33 can be provided with an insulating structure 332 between two adjacent receiving cavities 331, so as to insulate and separate the two adjacent receiving cavities 331 through the insulating structure 332. In this way, the two relays 312 correspondingly installed in the two receiving cavities 331 can be insulated and separated through the insulating structure 332, especially the contacts 3125 of the two corresponding relays 312. As a result, the insulation between the contacts 3125 of the two adjacent uncased relays 312 can be effectively improved, the risk of short circuit can be reduced, and the reliability and safety of the power distribution device 30 can be improved.

[0147] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 In some embodiments of this application, the power distribution device 30 includes a base 34 for mounting on the heat exchanger 40. An insulating thermally conductive element 32 is mounted on the base 34. The surface of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 is exposed on the base 34 and connected to the heat exchanger 40.

[0148] It should be noted that when the power distribution device 30 is mounted on the heat exchanger 40, the power distribution device 30 is mainly mounted on the heat exchanger 40 using a base 34. The base 34 is at least a component used to mount and fix the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0149] Electrical component 31 is located on the side of base 34 away from heat exchanger 40. In some embodiments, electrical component 31 can be fixed by mounting on housing 33 and via connection between housing 33 and base 34, and the mounting position and mounting state are substantially stable relative to base 34.

[0150] An insulating thermally conductive element 32 is mounted on a base 34. The mounting method between the insulating thermally conductive element 32 and the base 34 can be flexibly designed. The side of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 facing the electrical component 31 is insulated and thermally connected to the electrical component 31. The surface of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 is exposed on the side of the base 34 facing the heat exchanger 40 and is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40.

[0151] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be fixedly installed on the base 34, so that the installation position and installation state of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 relative to the base 34 are stable and secure. This facilitates the precise and stable alignment of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 with the electrical component 31, and facilitates the precise and reliable establishment of an insulating heat-conducting connection between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the electrical component 31. Furthermore, since the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing the electrical component 31 is insulated and heat-conductingly connected to the electrical component 31, while the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 is exposed on the base 34 and heat-conductingly connected to the heat exchanger 40, it is convenient for the insulating heat-conducting component 32 to be directly insulated and heat-conductingly connected between the electrical component 31 and the heat exchanger 40. This reduces the obstruction effect of the base 34 on the heat conduction path of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, and ensures and improves the heat conduction effect of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 between the electrical component 31 and the heat exchanger 40.

[0152] Of course, in other embodiments, the power distribution device 30 may not include the base 34, but instead the insulating heat-conducting element 32 may be mounted and fixed on other components of the power distribution device 30.

[0153] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is embedded in the base 34.

[0154] It should be noted that the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is partially or entirely embedded in the base 34. The side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing the electrical device 31 is insulated and thermally connected to the electrical device 31. The surface of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical device 31 is exposed on the side of the base 34 facing the heat exchanger 40 and is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40.

[0155] By adopting the above solution, at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be embedded in the base 34, based on the previous embodiment. Therefore, on the one hand, at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can share space with the base 34, thereby saving space occupied by both the insulating heat-conducting element 32 and the base 34. On the other hand, it facilitates the insulating heat-conducting element 32 to directly and thermally insulate between the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40 through the base 34, thereby reducing the obstruction effect of the base 34 on the heat conduction path of the insulating heat-conducting element 32, and helping to ensure and improve the heat conduction effect of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 between the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40.

[0156] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the base 34 is provided with a first limiting structure 341 on the side facing the electrical device 31, which is used to limit the portion of the electrical device 31 that is connected to the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0157] It should be noted that the base 34 has a first limiting structure 341 on the side facing the electrical component 31. The structure of the first limiting structure 341 can be designed in various ways. For example, the first limiting structure 341 can be a hole-like structure, a groove-like structure, or a frame structure, etc.

[0158] The portion of the electrical component 31 used for thermally conductive connection with the insulating thermally conductive element 32 (e.g., the second conductive portion 3113 mentioned above) can be limited and installed in the first limiting structure 341, and has an insulating thermally conductive connection with the surface of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 corresponding to the first limiting structure 341. Wherein, when the portion of the electrical component 31 used for thermally conductive connection with the insulating thermally conductive element 32 can be limited in the first limiting structure 341, the shape of this portion of the electrical component 31 can be the same as or different from the shape of the first limiting structure 341, and the fit between this portion of the electrical component 31 and the first limiting structure 341 can be a clearance fit, a transition fit, or an interference fit.

[0159] By adopting the above scheme, a first limiting structure 341 can be provided on the base 34 to facilitate the partial thermal connection of the electrical component 31 with the insulating heat-conducting component 32. The component is limited and installed in the first limiting structure 341, and its surface is thermally insulated and connected to the insulating heat-conducting component 32 at the corresponding position of the first limiting structure 341. Based on this, the first limiting structure 341 of the base 34 can limit and position the partial thermal connection of the electrical component 31 with the insulating heat-conducting component 32, thereby facilitating the quick and accurate alignment of each electrical component 31 and the base 34. It can also ensure that each electrical component 31 can be precisely aligned with the insulating heat-conducting component 32 installed in the base 34, which can help stabilize the relative position and state between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32. This facilitates the accurate and reliable insulating heat-conducting connection between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, and ensures the heat conduction effect between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0160] Of course, in other embodiments, the base 34 may not have the first limiting structure 341, and the surface of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing the electrical device 31 may be exposed on the corresponding side of the base 34 and be at least partially thermally connected to the electrical device 31.

[0161] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8In some embodiments of this application, the first limiting structure 341 is a hole-like structure, and the first limiting structure 341 is connected to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting element 32.

[0162] It should be noted that when the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is embedded in the base 34 on the surface facing the electrical device 31, the first limiting structure 341 can be designed as a hole-like structure. The first limiting structure 341, being a hole-like structure, can connect to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting element 32. In particular, the first limiting structure 341 can extend along its hole depth direction and connect to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 near the electrical device 31. The first limiting structure 341 can be, but is not limited to, a rectangular hole, a circular hole, etc.

[0163] In this case, the electrical device 31 is partially embedded in the first limiting structure 341 and is thermally connected to the surface of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 at the location of the first limiting structure 341.

[0164] By adopting the above solution, when the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing the electrical component 31 is embedded in the base 34, a first limiting structure 341 with a hole-like structure is provided on the base 34, and the first limiting structure 341 is connected to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component 32. This allows the part of the electrical component 31 used for thermal connection with the insulating heat-conducting component 32 to be embedded and limited in the first limiting structure 341, and to achieve thermal insulation connection with the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 corresponding to the first limiting structure 341. Based on this, the part of the electrical component 31 used for thermal connection with the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be limited and positioned via the first limiting structure 341, which facilitates precise alignment of the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, and enables a tight and reliable thermal insulation connection between them. Furthermore, this design ensures that parts of the electrical component 31 can penetrate deep into the base 34, enabling direct insulated and thermally conductive connection with the insulating heat-conducting component 32 through the base 34. This reduces the obstruction of the heat conduction path between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 by the base 34, thereby improving the thermal conductivity between them. Additionally, it helps to reduce the overall space occupied by the electrical component 31, the base 34, and the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0165] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, a second limiting structure 342 is provided on the side of the base 34 away from the electrical device 31 for limiting the installation of the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0166] It should be noted that a second limiting structure 342 is provided on the side of the base 34 facing away from the electrical component 31 (i.e., the side of the base 34 facing the heat exchanger 40). The structure of the second limiting structure 342 can be designed in various ways. For example, the second limiting structure 342 can be a groove structure, a hole structure, or a frame structure, etc.

[0167] The insulating heat-conducting element 32 is limited and installed in the second limiting structure 342. When the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is limited and installed in the second limiting structure 342, the shape of the second limiting structure 342 and the shape of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be the same or different. The fit between the insulating heat-conducting element 32 and the second limiting structure 342 can be a clearance fit, a transition fit, or an interference fit.

[0168] By adopting the above solution, a second limiting structure 342 can be provided on the side of the base 34 away from the electrical device 31 to facilitate the limiting installation of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 within the second limiting structure 342. Based on this, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be limited and accommodated by the second limiting structure 342 of the base 34, thereby facilitating the quick and accurate assembly between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34. It also ensures that the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be precisely aligned with the electrical device 31 to be thermally connected, allowing the insulating heat-conducting component 32 to accurately, stably, and reliably perform its heat conduction function.

[0169] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the second limiting structure 342 is a groove-shaped structure.

[0170] It should be noted that a second limiting structure 342 is provided on the side of the base 34 facing away from the electrical component 31. The second limiting structure 342 is a groove-shaped structure. The second limiting structure 342 can be, but is not limited to, a rectangular groove, a circular groove, etc. Based on this, the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 can be embedded in the second limiting structure 342.

[0171] By adopting the above scheme, the second limiting structure 342, which is a groove-shaped structure in the base 34, can be used to embed the insulating heat-conducting component 32 within the second limiting structure 342. Based on this, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be limited and positioned via the second limiting structure 342, facilitating precise alignment of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 with the base 34 and each electrical component 31, and ensuring a tight and reliable insulating heat-conducting connection between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and each electrical component 31. Furthermore, it ensures that at least a portion of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can penetrate and embed deeply into the base 34, enabling direct insulating heat-conducting connection with the electrical component 31 through the base 34. This reduces the obstruction effect of the base 34 on the heat conduction path between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32, improving the heat conduction effect between them. Moreover, it helps to reduce the overall space occupied by the electrical component 31, the base 34, and the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0172] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the second limiting structure 342 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the insulating heat-conducting element 32.

[0173] It should be noted that the number of second limiting structures 342 corresponds to the number of insulating and heat-conducting components 32, so that each insulating and heat-conducting component 32 can be embedded in each second limiting structure 342 one-to-one.

[0174] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be embedded one-to-one through the second limiting structure 342, thereby ensuring and improving the limiting and positioning effect of the second limiting structure 342 on the insulating heat-conducting component 32, ensuring and improving the installation convenience, installation reliability and installation accuracy of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, facilitating the precise and reliable insulating heat-conducting connection between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the corresponding electrical component 31, and facilitating the reliable heat conduction effect of the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0175] Of course, in other embodiments, at least two insulating heat-conducting elements 32 may be embedded in a second limiting structure 342.

[0176] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 protrudes from the side opposite to the electrical device 31 through the slot of the second limiting structure 342.

[0177] It should be noted that the side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 protruding from the slot of the second limiting structure 342 means that when the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is embedded in the second limiting structure 342, the side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 protrudes from the slot of the second limiting structure 342. This arrangement facilitates the exposure of the side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 to the second limiting structure 342, and allows it to interact with the heat exchanger 40 (such as...). Figure 3 (As shown) Direct thermally conductive connection.

[0178] By adopting the above solution, when the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is embedded in the second limiting structure 342, the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 protrudes out of the slot of the second limiting structure 342, so that the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 can be exposed in the second limiting structure 342. Based on this, it is convenient for the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 to be directly thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40, thereby reducing the obstruction effect of the base 34 on the heat conduction path between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchanger 40, which helps to ensure and improve the heat conduction effect between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchanger 40. Furthermore, since the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 protrudes from the groove of the second limiting structure 342, and the dimension of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 in the groove depth direction of the second limiting structure 342 is greater than the groove depth of the second limiting structure 342, even if there are processing errors in the dimension of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 in the groove depth direction of the second limiting structure 342 or in the groove depth of the second limiting structure 342, when the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is embedded in the second limiting structure 342, it can be basically ensured that the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 can be exposed in the second limiting structure 342 and directly heat-conductedly connected with the heat exchange component 40. Therefore, based on the setting of this embodiment, it can also accommodate and allow certain processing errors, which can reduce the requirements for the fitting accuracy of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the second limiting structure 342 in the groove depth direction of the second limiting structure 342, thereby facilitating the processing and assembly of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34.

[0179] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 10 In some embodiments of this application, the side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical device 31 is flush with the slot of the second limiting structure 342.

[0180] It should be noted that the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 is flush with the slot of the second limiting structure 342. This means that when the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is embedded in the second limiting structure 342, the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 is neither recessed nor protruding relative to the slot of the second limiting structure 342, but rather flush with the slot of the second limiting structure 342. This arrangement allows the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 to be exposed in the second limiting structure 342 and to directly conduct heat to the heat exchanger 40.

[0181] By adopting the above solution, when the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is embedded in the second limiting structure 342, the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 can be flush with the slot of the second limiting structure 342, so that the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 can be exposed in the second limiting structure 342. Based on this, it is convenient for the side of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 facing away from the electrical component 31 to be directly thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40, thereby reducing the obstruction effect of the base 34 on the heat conduction path between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchanger 40, which helps to ensure and improve the heat conduction effect between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the heat exchanger 40.

[0182] Of course, in other embodiments, the side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing away from the electrical device 31 can be recessed into the groove of the second limiting structure 342, and thermally connected to the heat exchange element 40 via a heat-conducting structure such as a heat-conducting pad.

[0183] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 and the base 34 are an integrated structure.

[0184] It should be noted that the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be integrated into a single structure through, but not limited to, integral injection molding, 3D printing and other integral molding processes.

[0185] By adopting the above-mentioned solution, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be integrated into a single structure through integral injection molding, 3D printing, or other integral molding processes. Based on this, the connection reliability, tightness, stability, and strength between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be effectively enhanced, as can the overall structural strength of both components. The assembly process between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be simplified, improving the convenience and efficiency of assembly. Furthermore, based on the configuration of this embodiment, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be integrally connected and sealed, thereby conveniently, quickly, and reliably sealing the connection gap between them. This improves the sealing performance between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34, reducing the risk of liquid seeping from the connection gap between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 to the electrical device 31, potentially causing a high-voltage short circuit and arcing.

[0186] Of course, in other embodiments, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be pre-molded separately and then connected separately. Furthermore, the connection structure between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be designed specifically for this purpose, or components such as sealing rings and sealants can be used to ensure the sealing performance between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34. The separate connection method used between the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the base 34 can be designed in various ways, such as using snap-fit, adhesive, or bolt-locking connections.

[0187] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermal conductive element 32 is 15 Kv / mm to 17 Kv / mm.

[0188] It should be noted that the DC breakdown strength of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 characterizes the ability of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 to withstand voltage, and indicates that the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is not easily broken down or damaged and loses its insulating function when subjected to an electric field strength less than the DC breakdown strength.

[0189] Specifically, the "DC breakdown strength of the insulating heat-conducting component 32" can be obtained by applying a DC electric field to the insulating heat-conducting component 32 and gradually increasing the voltage until the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is broken down and damaged and loses its insulating function, based on the electric field strength that the insulating heat-conducting component 32 bears. For example, in one specific embodiment, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be placed between the grounding electrode and the high-voltage electrode, and the grounding electrode and the high-voltage electrode with the insulating heat-conducting element 32 sandwiched between them can be immersed in an oil tank filled with oil such as silicone oil, and a DC power supply can be connected to the grounding electrode and the high-voltage electrode; then, the oil in the oil tank is heated to a predetermined measurement temperature, which corresponds to the temperature of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 in actual operation; then, when the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is heated to the predetermined measurement temperature, a DC electric field is applied to the insulating heat-conducting element 32 between the grounding electrode and the high-voltage electrode through the DC power supply; then, the voltage is gradually increased, and when the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is broken down and damaged and loses its insulating function, the electric field strength applied by the DC power supply is the measured "DC breakdown strength of the insulating heat-conducting element 32".

[0190] In this embodiment, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is not less than 15 kV / mm, that is, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is greater than or equal to 15 kV / mm. Furthermore, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is not greater than 17 kV / mm, that is, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is less than or equal to 17 kV / mm. For example, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 can be 15 kV / mm, 15.5 kV / mm, 16 kV / mm, 16.5 kV / mm, 17 kV / mm, etc. In other words, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is not easily broken down or damaged and loses its insulating function when subjected to an electric field strength of 15 kV / mm to 17 kV / mm.

[0191] By adopting the above scheme, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can be made 15KV / mm~17KV / mm, thus enabling the insulating thermally conductive component 32 to have better voltage withstand capability compared to conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives. Based on this, heat exchange and heat conduction can be reliably performed between the insulating thermally conductive component 32 and the electrical device 31 and the heat exchanger 40 (e.g., Figure 3 Based on the above, the risk of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 being broken down by high voltage during the operation of the electrical component 31 is effectively reduced, thereby effectively protecting and extending the service life of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, effectively reducing the risk of thermal failure of the electrical component 31, and effectively protecting and improving the service life and safety of the power distribution device 30.

[0192] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8In some embodiments of this application, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive element 32 is 15.1 Kv / mm ~ 16.6 Kv / mm.

[0193] It should be noted that the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermal conductive element 32 is 15.1 Kv / mm ~ 16.6 Kv / mm. For example, the DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermal conductive element 32 can be 15.1 Kv / mm, 15.2 Kv / mm, 15.3 Kv / mm, 15.4 Kv / mm, 15.5 Kv / mm, 15.6 Kv / mm, 15.7 Kv / mm, 15.8 Kv / mm, 15.9 Kv / mm, 16.0 Kv / mm, 16.1 Kv / mm, 16.2 Kv / mm, 16.3 Kv / mm, 16.4 Kv / mm, 16.5 Kv / mm, 16.6 Kv / mm, etc.

[0194] By adopting the above solution, and by achieving a DC breakdown strength of 15.1 KV / mm to 16.6 KV / mm for the insulating thermally conductive component 32, on the one hand, the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can have better voltage withstand capability compared to conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives. This effectively reduces the risk of the insulating thermally conductive component 32 being broken down by high voltage during the operation of the electrical device 31, effectively ensuring and extending the service life of the insulating thermally conductive component 32, effectively reducing the risk of thermal failure of the electrical device 31, and effectively ensuring and improving the service life and operational safety of the power distribution device 30. On the other hand, the requirements for the voltage withstand capability of the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can be appropriately assessed, thereby effectively reducing the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the insulating thermally conductive component 32, and effectively reducing the cost of the power distribution device 30.

[0195] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 is a phase change material component.

[0196] It should be noted that the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 is a phase change material component, that is, the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 includes a phase change material. The phase change material may be, but is not limited to, a ceramic phase change material.

[0197] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be made of phase change material, which allows it to change its material state and absorb or release a large amount of latent heat at a constant temperature, based on the phase change characteristics of the phase change material. This effectively ensures and improves the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, thereby effectively ensuring and improving the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical components 31, effectively reducing the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components 31, and effectively ensuring and extending the service life of the electrical components 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0198] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating and heat-conducting element 32 is a ceramic element.

[0199] It should be noted that the insulating heat-conducting component 32 is a ceramic component, meaning it is made of ceramic. Ceramic possesses excellent thermal conductivity and even phase change characteristics, allowing it to change its state of matter and absorb or release a large amount of latent heat while maintaining a constant temperature. Therefore, by making the insulating heat-conducting component 32 a ceramic component, its thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance can be improved.

[0200] Ceramics also possess excellent voltage withstand capability, able to withstand a certain electric field strength without being easily broken down or damaged, thus losing their insulating function. Based on this, by making the insulating heat-conducting component 32 a ceramic component, the voltage withstand capability of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be improved, thereby reducing the risk of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 being broken down by high voltage during the operation of the electrical device 31.

[0201] By adopting the above-mentioned solution, and by making the insulating thermally conductive component 32 a ceramic component, on the one hand, the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation performance of the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can be effectively improved, thereby effectively improving the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical components 31, effectively reducing the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components 31, and effectively ensuring and extending the service life of the electrical components 31 and the power distribution device 30. On the other hand, the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can have better voltage resistance than conventional insulating thermally conductive adhesives, thereby effectively reducing the risk of the insulating thermally conductive component 32 being broken down by high voltage during the operation of the electrical components 31, effectively ensuring and extending the service life of the insulating thermally conductive component 32, and effectively ensuring and improving the service life and operational safety of the power distribution device 30.

[0202] Of course, in other embodiments, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 may be made of other thermally conductive materials.

[0203] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 includes at least one of alumina ceramic, aluminum nitride ceramic, and silicon nitride ceramic.

[0204] By adopting the above solution, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be made to include at least one of alumina ceramic, aluminum nitride ceramic and silicon nitride ceramic, thereby giving the insulating heat-conducting component 32 excellent electrical insulation, thermal conductivity, chemical resistance, wear resistance and low thermal expansion properties, thereby improving the performance and service life of the insulating heat-conducting component 32.

[0205] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 In some embodiments of this application, at least two electrical components 31 are provided, and one insulating heat-conducting element 32 is provided. Each electrical component 31 is thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting element 32.

[0206] It should be noted that the electrical device 31 is provided with at least two components, and the at least two electrical devices 31 include one or at least two of the following: relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, fuse 314, and pre-charge resistor 315.

[0207] An insulating heat-conducting element 32 is provided. Each electrical component 31 is insulated and thermally connected to the same insulating heat-conducting element 32, that is, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can perform heat conduction on at least two electrical components 31.

[0208] By adopting the above scheme, at least two electrical components 31 can be thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting element 32, allowing the insulating heat-conducting element 32 to perform heat conduction for at least two electrical components 31. Based on this, on the one hand, the installation area of ​​the insulating heat-conducting element 32 can be increased, ensuring and improving the heat conduction effect of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 on each electrical component 31. This, in turn, ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical components 31, reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components 31, and ensures and extends the service life of the electrical components 31 and the power distribution device 30. On the other hand, the number of insulating heat-conducting elements 32 can be reduced, simplifying the assembly of the insulating heat-conducting elements 32, thereby improving the ease and efficiency of assembling the power distribution device 30.

[0209] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 11 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the electrical component 31.

[0210] It should be noted that there is one or at least two electrical components 31. Electrical component 31 includes at least one of relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, circuit breaker 314, and pre-charge resistor 315.

[0211] The number of insulating and heat-conducting components 32 corresponds to the number of electrical components 31, so that each insulating and heat-conducting component 32 can be connected to each electrical component 31 in an insulating and heat-conducting manner, that is, each insulating and heat-conducting component 32 can exert a heat conduction effect on each electrical component 31 in a one-to-one manner.

[0212] By adopting the above scheme, the insulating heat-conducting components 32 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the electrical components 31, enabling each insulating heat-conducting component 32 to be thermally insulated from each electrical component 31, thus allowing each insulating heat-conducting component 32 to exert its heat conduction effect on each electrical component 31. Based on this, the heat conduction effect of each insulating heat-conducting component 32 on each electrical component 31 can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the size and shape of the corresponding insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be specifically designed according to the heat conduction requirements of the electrical component 31. This effectively guarantees and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical components 31, reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical components 31, and guarantees and extends the service life of the electrical components 31 and the power distribution device 30. Moreover, based on the configuration of this embodiment, the total material consumption of each insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be reduced, thereby reducing the total cost of each insulating heat-conducting component 32 and the cost of the power distribution device 30.

[0213] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 12 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating heat-conducting element 32 and the electrical component 31 are fastened together by fasteners 35.

[0214] It should be noted that the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be fastened together by one or at least two fasteners 35 to enhance the connection strength and tightness between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32. The fastener 35 can be, but is not limited to, bolts.

[0215] By adopting the above solution, the connection strength and tightness between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be enhanced by fastening them together with fasteners 35. Based on this, the tightness and reliability of the thermally conductive connection between the electrical component 31 and the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can be improved, allowing the insulating heat-conducting component 32 to reliably and effectively conduct the heat generated by the electrical component 31 to the heat exchanger 40. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical component 31, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical component 31, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of both the electrical component 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0216] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 13 In some embodiments of this application, the insulating thermally conductive element 32 and the electrical component 31 are bonded together by thermally conductive adhesive 36.

[0217] It should be noted that thermally conductive adhesive 36 can be provided at the connection between the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32 to bond the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32 together, thereby enhancing the connection strength and tightness between the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32.

[0218] By adopting the above solution, the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can be bonded together using thermally conductive adhesive 36, thereby enhancing the connection strength and tightness between the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32. Based on this, the tightness and reliability of the thermally conductive connection between the electrical component 31 and the insulating thermally conductive component 32 can be enhanced, allowing the insulating thermally conductive component 32 to reliably and effectively conduct the heat generated by the electrical component 31 to the heat exchanger 40. This effectively ensures and improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 on the electrical component 31, effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of the electrical component 31, and effectively ensures and extends the service life of both the electrical component 31 and the power distribution device 30.

[0219] Please see Figure 6 In some embodiments of this application, the electrical device 31 includes at least one of a relay 312, a current sensor 313, a fuse, a circuit breaker 314, and a pre-charge resistor 315.

[0220] It should be noted that relay 312 is an electrical control device, which is an electrical appliance that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit when the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) reaches a specified requirement. Among them, relay 312 may include main positive relay 3121, main negative relay 3122, precharge relay 3123, etc.

[0221] The current sensor 313 is a detection device that can sense the information of the measured current and transform the sensed information into an electrical signal or other required form of information output that meets certain standards, so as to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control. The current sensor 313 may include a shunt 3131, a Hall current sensor 3132, etc.

[0222] A fuse is an electrical device that breaks the circuit by melting a fusible element when the current exceeds a specified value.

[0223] Fuse 314, also known as a fuse, is a safety component used to protect electrical component 31 from damage in the event of an overload (such as excessive current or voltage) or short circuit. In some embodiments, fuse 314 may function as a circuit breaker.

[0224] The pre-charge resistor 315 is a circuit element used to limit the magnitude of the charging current during the initial stage of charging (i.e., the power supply charging the capacitor), in order to reduce the risk of the charging current causing a large impact on components such as the relay 312.

[0225] By adopting the above solution, and by including at least one of the following components in electrical device 31: relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, tamper 314, and pre-charge resistor 315, it is ensured that electrical device 31, as an important component in the power distribution device 30 for high-voltage distribution to battery 1, is a major heat-generating component. Based on this, by integrating the insulating and thermally conductive component 32 with the insulating and thermally conductive connection of electrical device 31, the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of electrical device 30 for relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, tamper 314, and pre-charge resistor 315 can be guaranteed and improved. This effectively reduces the risk of thermal failure of electrical device 31, and ensures and extends the service life of electrical device 31, including relay 312, current sensor 313, fuse, tamper 314, and pre-charge resistor 315.

[0226] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, at least two electrical components 31 are provided. The gap between an electrical component 31 and an adjacent electrical component 31 is a first gap 316. The electrical component 31 is provided with a first connector 317. The first connector 317 includes a first connecting portion 3171 for detachable connection with an external connector. The first connecting portion 3171 is located outside each first gap 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31.

[0227] It should be noted that at least two electrical components 31 are provided, and these at least two electrical components 31 can be flexibly arranged. For any electrical component 31, the gap between it and its adjacent electrical components 31 can serve as a first gap 316. Of course, for any electrical component 31, when at least two adjacent electrical components 31 are distributed around it, it can have at least two first gaps 316. The dimensions of the first gaps 316 of the same electrical component 31 can be the same or different, and the dimensions of the first gaps 316 of different electrical components 31 can be the same or different.

[0228] It should also be noted that the electrical component 31 is provided with at least one first connector 317, which is used for electrical connection with an external connector (e.g., the first connector 317 of another electrical component 31, or the second connector 372 hereinafter). One end of the first connector 317 is mechanically and electrically connected to the electrical component 31, and the other end of the first connector 317 is provided with a first connecting portion 3171. The first connecting portion 3171 is used for detachable mechanical and electrical connection with the external connector. The first connecting portion 3171 can achieve detachable mechanical and electrical connection with the external connector through, but not limited to, insertion, snap-fit, or elastic abutment.

[0229] The first connecting portion 3171 is located outside each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31. That is, the first connecting portion 3171 and each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31 are spatially offset, and the first connecting portion 3171 does not occupy the space of each of the first gaps 316 of the electrical component 31. Based on this, on the one hand, by providing the first connecting portion 3171 outside each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31, the connection operation of the first connecting portion 3171 can be performed in the space outside each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31, thereby ensuring and improving the convenience of connecting and disconnecting the first connecting portion 3171. On the other hand, since there is no need to provide a first connection portion 3171 in each of the first gaps 316 of the electrical device 31, and there is no need to provide connection operation space for the first connection portion 3171, the size of each of the first gaps 316 of the electrical device 31 can be compressed as needed, which is beneficial to compressing the gap between the electrical device 31 and the adjacent electrical device 31, thereby facilitating the compact overall layout of each electrical device 31.

[0230] By adopting the above scheme, when the gap between the electrical component 31 and the adjacent electrical component 31 is defined as the first gap 316, by placing the first connecting part 3171 outside each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31, on the one hand, it is convenient to perform the connection operation of the first connecting part 3171 in the space outside each of the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical component 31, thereby ensuring and improving the convenience of connecting and disconnecting the first connecting part 3171. On the other hand, it is not necessary to provide a space for accommodating the first connecting part 3171 or a space for connecting the first connecting part 3171 in each of the first gaps 316 of the electrical component 31, thereby facilitating the compression of the gap between the electrical component 31 and the adjacent electrical component 31 as needed, which is conducive to the compact overall layout of each electrical component 31, and thus facilitates the formation of an integrated, compact, and miniaturized power distribution device 30.

[0231] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, the power distribution device 30 includes a connector 37 and a second connector 372. The second connector 372 includes a conductive connection portion 3722 and a second connection portion 3721. One end of the conductive connection portion 3722 is connected to the connector 37, and the other end of the conductive connection portion 3722 is connected to the second connection portion 3721. The second connection portion 3721 is bent toward the corresponding electrical component 31 for detachable connection with the corresponding first connection portion 3171.

[0232] It should be noted that connector 37 is used for connection with, for example, battery unit 10 (such as...). Figure 3The connector 37 is connected to components such as (as shown). The mounting position and mounting state of the connector 37 relative to the electrical component 31 are stable and secure. The connector 37 has a socket 371 that protrudes from the power distribution device 30 so that the connection terminals of components such as the battery unit 10 can be plugged into the socket 371 to achieve electrical connection with the connector 37.

[0233] In some embodiments, the power distribution device 30 may be provided with two connectors 37, one connector 37 for high-voltage sampling and the other connector 37 for low-voltage control. Of course, in other embodiments, the power distribution device 30 may be provided with only one connector 37, which integrates both high-voltage sampling and low-voltage control functions. Of course, in other embodiments, the power distribution device 30 may also be provided with three or more connectors 37, and the functions of each connector 37 may be the same or different.

[0234] It should also be noted that, depending on the number and location of the electrical components 31 to be connected to the connector 37, the connector 37 may be provided with one or at least two second connectors 372. The second connector 372 includes a conductive connection portion 3722, one end of which is electrically connected to the connector 37, and the other end of which extends toward the electrical component 31 to be connected. The extension path of the conductive connection portion 3722 may be straight or curved.

[0235] At one end of the conductive connection portion 3722 near the corresponding electrical component 31, the second connector 372 can be bent to form a second connection portion 3721. The conductive connection portion 3722 and the corresponding second connection portion 3721 can be integrally connected or separately connected. The second connection portion 3721 is bent toward the corresponding electrical component 31 for detachable mechanical and electrical connection with the first connection portion 3171 of the corresponding electrical component 31. The second connection portion 3721 can achieve detachable mechanical and electrical connection with the corresponding first connection portion 3171 through, but not limited to, insertion, snap-fit, or elastic abutment.

[0236] By adopting the above scheme, when each electrical component 31 is installed inside the power distribution device 30, it can be connected to the connector 37 through the conductive connection portion 3722 of the second connector 372, and detachably connected to the first connection portion 3171 of the corresponding electrical component 31 through the second connection portion 3721 of the second connector 372, thus conveniently, quickly, and reliably realizing the electrical connection between the connector 37 and the corresponding electrical component 31. Furthermore, by exposing the connector 371 of the connector 37 outside the power distribution device 30, it is possible to realize electrical connection with components such as the battery unit 10 through the connector 371. Thus, while the power distribution device 30 integrates and protects the connector 37, each electrical component 31, etc., it is convenient to connect external components such as the battery unit 10 through the connector 37. This facilitates the integration of each electrical component 31 and the connector 37, enabling functions such as high-voltage sampling and low-voltage control for externally connected components such as the battery unit 10.

[0237] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, the conductive connection portion 3722 includes at least one of a conductive sheet, an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit Board), and a PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

[0238] It should be noted that the conductive connection portion 3722 refers to the part of the second connector 372 that connects between the connector 37 and its second connection portion 3721. The conductive connection portion 3722 can be, but is not limited to, a conductive sheet, FPC, PCB, etc.

[0239] By adopting the above solution, the second connector 372 can replace the wire harness through the conductive connection part 3722 to realize the connection between the connector 37 and its second connection part 3721, thereby reducing the setting of wire harness, reducing the problems of wire harness interference and wire harness wear, ensuring and improving the structural reliability of the connector 37 and the second connector 372, and ensuring and improving the reliability and performance of the power distribution device 30.

[0240] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 14 In some embodiments of this application, the power distribution device 30 includes a cover 38 connected to the housing 33. A connector 37 is embedded in the cover 38, with its socket 371 protruding outside the cover 38. A conductive connection portion 3722 is embedded in the cover 38.

[0241] It should be noted that the cover 38 is a component that covers the housing 33 and has a certain structural strength and rigidity. The cover 38 is connected to one side of the housing 33, optionally to the side of the housing 33 away from the base 34. The cover 38 stabilizes the installation position and installation state relative to the housing 33. The cover 38 and the housing 33 can be connected by a detachable connection or a fixed connection.

[0242] The cover 38 and the housing 33 can be together enclosed to form an internal space for mounting at least one electrical device 31. Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, a precharge relay 3123 and a precharge resistor 315 may be installed within the space enclosed by the cover 38 and the housing 33.

[0243] It should also be noted that the cover 38 can be used to install and fix the connector 37 and the second connector 372. At least a portion of the connector 37 is embedded in the cover 38 to ensure a stable and secure mounting position and state of the connector 37 relative to the cover 38. The connector 377's insertion port 371 protrudes from the cover 38 to facilitate the installation of components such as the battery unit 10 (e.g.,...). Figure 3 The connecting terminals of components such as (shown) are electrically connected to the connector 37 by being plugged into the connector 371. At least a portion of the conductive connection portion 3722 of the second connector 372 is embedded in the cover 38 to make the installation position and installation state of the second connector 372 relative to the cover 38 stable and secure.

[0244] By adopting the above solution, the cover 38 can provide better protection for the electrical components 31, connectors 37, and conductive connections 3722 installed between it and the housing 33, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the electrical components 31, connectors 37, and conductive connections 3722, extending the service life of the electrical components 31, connectors 37, and conductive connections 3722, improving the reliability and stability of the electrical connection achieved by connectors 37 and the second connector 372, and improving the reliability and safety of the power distribution device 30. Furthermore, since the connector 37 and each of the second connecting parts 372 are fixedly installed on the cover 38, the precise alignment between the second connecting part 3721 of the second connecting part 372 and the first connecting part 3171 of the corresponding electrical component 31 can be completed simultaneously when assembling the cover 38. The electrical connection between the second connecting part 3721 and the corresponding first connecting part 3171 can also be completed simultaneously. This can effectively reduce the assembly steps, effectively ensure and improve the connection reliability between the connector 37 and the electrical component 31, and effectively improve the assembly efficiency and structural reliability of the power distribution device 30.

[0245] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 14In some embodiments of this application, the cover 38, connector 37, and conductive connection 3722 are an integrated structure.

[0246] It should be noted that, based on the configuration of "connector 37 embedded in cover 38" and "conductive connection 3722 embedded in cover 38", cover 38, connector 37 and conductive connection 3722 can be integrated into a single structure through, but not limited to, integral injection molding, 3D printing and other integral molding processes.

[0247] By adopting the above solution, the cover 38 and the connector 37 and conductive connection 3722 embedded in the cover 38 can be integrated into a single structure through integral injection molding, 3D printing and other integral molding processes. Based on this, the reliability, tightness, stability and strength of the connection between the cover 38 and the connector 37 and conductive connection 3722 can be effectively enhanced. The overall structural strength of the cover 38 and the connector 37 and conductive connection 3722 can be effectively enhanced. The protective effect of the cover 38 on the connector 37 and conductive connection 3722 can be effectively enhanced. The risk of wear and damage to the connector 37 can be reduced. The risk of interference and wear to the conductive connection 3722 can be reduced.

[0248] Furthermore, based on the configuration of this embodiment, the assembly process between the cover 38 and the connector 37, and between the cover 38 and the conductive connection portion 3722, can be simplified. It also facilitates the precise alignment between the second connection portion 3721 of the second connector 372 and the first connection portion 3171 of the corresponding electrical component 31 during the assembly of the cover 38, and the electrical connection between the second connection portion 3721 and the corresponding first connection portion 3171 can be completed simultaneously. That is, the connection process between the second connector 372 and the electrical component 31 can be simplified, thereby effectively reducing the assembly steps, effectively ensuring and improving the connection reliability between the connector 37 and the electrical component 31, and effectively improving the assembly efficiency and structural reliability of the power distribution device 30.

[0249] Please see Figures 4-9 , Figure 14 Based on the above embodiments, this application provides a specific example of a power distribution device 30.

[0250] The power distribution unit 30 includes an insulating and heat-conducting element 32 and a base 34. The base 34 is located on the heat exchange element 40 (e.g., Figure 3 As shown in the figure. A second limiting structure 342 is provided on the side of the base 34 facing the heat exchanger 40. An insulating heat-conducting element 32 is provided and embedded in the second limiting structure 342, and is integrally formed with the base 34. The side of the insulating heat-conducting element 32 facing the heat exchanger 40 protrudes from the groove of the second limiting structure 342 and is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 40.

[0251] The power distribution device 30 includes a housing 33 and electrical components 31. The housing 33 is mounted on the side of the base 34 opposite to the heat exchanger 40. The electrical components 31 are mounted on the housing 33. The electrical components 31 are provided with a conductive structure 311. The conductive structure 311 includes a first conductive portion 3112, a second conductive portion 3113, and a third conductive portion 3114. The first conductive portion 3112 is connected to the corresponding electrical component 31 and extends towards the base 34. The third conductive portion 3114 is connected to the corresponding electrical component and extends towards the base 34. The second conductive portion 3113 is bent and connected to the end of the first conductive portion 3112 near the base 34 and the end of the third conductive portion 3114 near the base 34. The second conductive portion 3113 is laid on the side of the housing 33 facing the base 34. A first limiting structure 341 is provided on the side of the base 34 facing the housing 33. The first limiting structure 341 is a hole-like structure and connects to the bottom of the groove of the second limiting structure 342. The second conductive part 3113 of the electrical device 31 is respectively limited in the corresponding first limiting structure 341. The side of the second conductive part 3113 near the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 is provided with a heat-conducting surface 3111. The heat-conducting surface 3111 is insulated and heat-conductingly connected to the surface of the insulating and heat-conducting component 32 at the corresponding first limiting structure 341.

[0252] Based on this, during the operation of electrical component 31, the insulating heat-conducting component 32 can conduct the heat generated by electrical component 31, especially the conductive structure 311, to the heat exchanger 40, so as to quickly remove the heat of electrical component 31 to the outside of the power distribution device 30. This improves the heat dissipation performance and efficiency of the power distribution device 30 for electrical component 31, reduces the risk of thermal failure of electrical component 31, and ensures and extends the service life of the power distribution device 30. The insulating heat-conducting component 32 is made of ceramic with excellent thermal conductivity and voltage withstand capability, enabling it to reliably perform its heat conduction function. It also reduces the risk of the insulating heat-conducting component 32 being broken down by high voltage during the operation of electrical component 31, thus ensuring and extending the service life of the insulating heat-conducting component 32, and ensuring and improving the service life and operational safety of the power distribution device 30.

[0253] Two receiving cavities 331 are provided on the periphery of the housing 33 (i.e., any side of the housing 33 adjacent to the side facing the base 34). At least two electrical components 31 are provided, including a main positive relay 3121 and a main negative relay 3122. The main positive relay 3121 is fixedly installed in one of the receiving cavities 331. The main positive relay 3121 is a caseless relay 312, with the outer wall of the switching unit 3124 of the main positive relay 3121 exposed within the receiving cavity 331. The wall of the receiving cavity 331 is connected to the main positive relay 3121, thus fixing the main positive relay 3121 to the receiving cavity 331. The main negative relay 3122 is fixedly installed in another receiving cavity 331. The main negative relay 3122 is a caseless relay 312, and the outer wall of the switching unit 3124 of the main negative relay 3122 is exposed inside the receiving cavity 331. The wall of the receiving cavity 331 is connected to the main negative relay 3122, so that the main negative relay 3122 is fixed in the receiving cavity 331. Based on this, while accommodating, limiting, fixing and protecting the main positive relay 3121 and the main negative relay 3122 through the housing 33, the housing structure of the main positive relay 3121 and the main negative relay 3122 can be omitted. This allows for a more compact layout of the power distribution device 30, reduces the design margin, space waste and space occupation of the power distribution device 30, reduces the weight of the power distribution device 30, and facilitates the formation of an integrated, miniaturized, lightweight and simplified power distribution device 30, thereby reducing the production cost of the power distribution device 30. The conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 is disposed outside the receiving cavity 331 without occupying additional internal space. Specifically, the second conductive portion 3113 of the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 is disposed on the outer side of the receiving cavity 331 near the insulating heat-conducting member 32, so that the conductive structure 311 of the relay 312 can be directly and thermally insulatedly connected to the insulating heat-conducting member 32 via the second conductive portion 3113. To facilitate the connection of the relay 312 to the wall of the receiving cavity 331, the power distribution device 30 is provided with a cover 39, which is sleeved with the relay 312. The cover 39 has latches 391 on opposite sides, which latch to the wall of the receiving cavity 331. The cover 39 has through holes 392 corresponding to the contacts 3125 of the relay 312, with the contacts 3125 exposed through the corresponding through holes 392, facilitating the connection of the contacts 3125 to a high-voltage circuit.

[0254] The two receiving cavities 331 are arranged adjacent to each other, i.e., close to each other. The housing 33 is provided with an insulating structure 332, which is located between the two receiving cavities 331. The insulating structure 332 can insulate and separate the two receiving cavities 331, especially the main positive relay 3121 and the main negative relay 3122, and especially the contacts 3125 of the main positive relay 3121 and the contacts 3125 of the main negative relay 3122. Based on this, the insulation between the contacts 3125 of the main positive relay 3121 and the contacts 3125 of the main negative relay 3122 can be improved, the risk of short circuit can be reduced, and the reliability and safety of the power distribution device 30 can be improved.

[0255] Each electrical component 31 also includes a pre-charge relay 3123, a shunt 3131, a Hall current sensor 3132, a main fuse 3141, and a pre-charge resistor 315. The pre-charge relay 3123 is located on the side of the main positive relay 3121 opposite to the main negative relay 3122, and is positioned close to the main positive relay 3121. The pre-charge resistor 315 is located on the side of the pre-charge relay 3123 opposite to the main positive relay 3121, and is positioned close to the pre-charge relay 3121, the pre-charge relay 3123, and the pre-charge resistor 315. Both the shunt 3131 and the Hall current sensor 3132 are current sensors 313. Hall current sensor 3132 is located on the side of main fuse 3141 opposite to main positive relay 3121. Shunt 3131 is located on the side of main negative relay 3122 opposite to main positive relay 3121. Main positive relay 3121, main negative relay 3122, precharge relay 3123, shunt 3131, Hall current sensor 3132, main fuse 3141, and precharge resistor 315 are electrically connected according to the circuit diagram of power distribution device 30. The circuit diagram of power distribution device 30 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here. Based on this, the main positive relay 3121, main negative relay 3122, pre-charge relay 3123, shunt 3131, Hall current sensor 3132, main fuse 3141 and pre-charge resistor 315 can achieve a compact and optimized layout, thereby reducing the design margin, space waste and space occupation of the power distribution device 30, reducing the size of the power distribution device 30 in the direction perpendicular to the base 34, and reducing the overall size of the power distribution device 30, thus facilitating the formation of an integrated and miniaturized power distribution device 30.

[0256] The power distribution device 30 also includes a cover 38, which is installed on the side of the housing 33 away from the base 34. The cover 38, housing 33, and base 34 cooperate to define the internal space of the housing 33. Based on the compact layout of the above-mentioned electrical components 31, the housing 33 and base 34 enclose an internal space to accommodate the installation of the main fuse 3141; the housing 33 and cover 38 enclose another internal space to accommodate the installation of the precharge relay 3123 and the precharge resistor 315; while the main positive relay 3121 and the main negative relay 3122 are installed one-to-one in the two receiving cavities 331 of the housing 33.

[0257] Each electrical component 31 is provided with a first connector 317, which has a first connecting portion 3171 for detachable electrical connection with a second connector 372 of the connector 37. For any electrical component 31, the gap between it and adjacent electrical components 31 can be used as a first gap 316, and the first connecting portion 3171 of the first connector 317 is located outside each of the first gaps 316. Taking the precharge relay 3123 as an example, the main positive relay 3121, the precharge resistor 315, and the main fuse 3141 are all arranged adjacent to the precharge relay 3123. The gap between the main positive relay 3121 and the precharge relay 3123, the gap between the precharge resistor 315 and the precharge relay 3123, and the gap between the main fuse 3141 and the precharge relay 3123 can all be used as first gaps 316, but the dimensions of these first gaps 316 can be the same or different. The first connecting portion 3171 of the first connecting member 317 of the precharge relay 3123 can be located outside each of the first gaps 316 of the precharge relay 3123. That is, the first connecting portion 3171 of the precharge relay 3123 can be located outside the gap between the main positive relay 3121 and the precharge relay 3123, outside the gap between the precharge resistor 315 and the precharge relay 3123, and outside the gap between the main fuse 3141 and the precharge relay 3123. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first connecting portion 3171 of the precharge relay 3123 is located on the side of the precharge relay 3123 facing the cover 38. Similarly, the first connecting portions 3171 of the main positive relay 3121, the main negative relay 3122, the shunt 3131, the Hall current sensor 3132, the main fuse 3141, and the precharge resistor 315 can be located as far away from their respective first gaps 316 as possible. Of course, according to the layout design requirements, some electrical components 31 can have their first connecting portions 3171 disposed in their first gaps 316. Based on this, by disposing the first connecting portions 3171 outside the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical components 31, it is convenient to perform the connection operation of the first connecting portions 3171 in the space outside the first gaps 316 of the corresponding electrical components 31, thereby ensuring and improving the convenience of connecting and disconnecting the first connecting portions 3171. Furthermore, it also means that the first gaps 316 of the electrical components 31 do not need to provide space to accommodate the first connecting portions 3171, nor do they need to provide space for the connection operation of the first connecting portions 3171, thereby facilitating the compression of the gaps between the electrical components 31 and adjacent electrical components 31 as needed, which is conducive to the compact overall layout of the electrical components 31, thereby facilitating the formation of an integrated, compact, and miniaturized power distribution device 30, and improving the space utilization and energy density of the power distribution device 30.

[0258] The power distribution device 30 also includes two connectors 37, one of which is used to connect to the battery unit 10 for high-voltage sampling, and the other connector 37 is used to connect to the battery unit 10 for low-voltage control. Both connectors 37 are embedded in the cover 38, and the insertion ports 371 of both connectors 37 protrude from the cover 38. Depending on the number and location of the electrical components 31 to be connected to the connector 37, the connector 37 is provided with at least one second connector 372. One end of the second connector 372 is electrically connected to the connector 37, and the other end of the second connector 372 extends toward the electrical component 31 to be connected. The end of the second connector 372 near the corresponding electrical component 31 is bent to form a second connecting portion 3721. The second connecting portion 3721 is bent toward the corresponding electrical component 31 and can be detachably plugged into the first connecting portion 3171 of the corresponding electrical component 31. The insertion and mating direction of the second connecting part 3721 and the corresponding first connecting part 3171 can correspond to the assembly direction of the cover 38 and the housing 33. Based on this, when the assembly between the cover 38 and the housing 33 is completed, the precise alignment of the second connecting part 3721 and the corresponding first connecting part 3171 can be completed at the same time, and the insertion and mating of the second connecting part 3721 and the corresponding first connecting part 3171 can be completed at the same time. This can reduce the assembly steps, ensure and improve the connection reliability between the connector 37 and the electrical component 31, and improve the assembly efficiency and structural reliability of the power distribution device 30.

[0259] The portion of the second connector 372 that connects between the connector 37 and its second connecting part 3721 is a conductive connecting part 3722. The conductive connecting part 3722 uses a conductive sheet, FPC, or PCB to replace the wire harness, thereby reducing the need for wire harnesses and minimizing problems such as wire harness interference and wear. This ensures and improves the structural reliability of the connector 37 and the second connector 372, and also ensures and improves the reliability and safety of the power distribution device 30. The connector 37 is embedded in the cover 38, and the conductive connecting part 3722 is embedded in the cover 38. The cover 38, connector 37, and conductive connecting part 3722 are integrally injection molded.

[0260] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 Some embodiments of this application provide a battery 1, which includes a power distribution device 30 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0261] By adopting the above solution, the battery 1 can ensure and improve the space utilization, volume utilization and energy density of the battery 1 by using the power distribution device 30 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0262] Please see Figure 1 Some embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, which includes the battery 1 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0263] By adopting the above solution, the electrical equipment can ensure and improve its performance by using the battery 1 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0264] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power distribution device, characterized in that, include: Electrical components; An insulating thermally conductive element, one side of which is connected to at least a portion of the electrical device, and the other side of which is connected to a heat exchanger, the insulating thermally conductive element being used to transfer heat from the electrical device to the heat exchanger.

2. The power distribution device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a sheet-like conductive structure having a thermally conductive surface, which is connected to the insulating thermally conductive component.

3. The power distribution device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The power distribution device includes a housing for mounting the electrical components; The conductive structure includes a first conductive part, a second conductive part, and a third conductive part. The second conductive part is laid on the side of the housing facing the insulating heat-conducting component, and the side of the second conductive part facing the insulating heat-conducting component has the heat-conducting surface. The first conductive part and the third conductive part are respectively connected to different sides of the second conductive part, and both are bent towards the side closer to the housing. The first conductive part is connected to the corresponding electrical component, and the third conductive part is used to connect to the electrical component.

4. The power distribution device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The housing is provided with at least one receiving cavity; At least one of the electrical components is a relay, the relay is fixedly installed in the receiving cavity, the relay includes a switching unit, at least a portion of the outer wall of the switching unit is exposed inside the receiving cavity, and the wall of the receiving cavity is connected to the relay to fix the relay in the receiving cavity; The conductive structure of the relay is located outside the receiving cavity, and the second conductive part of the relay is located on the outer side of the receiving cavity near the insulating and heat-conducting element.

5. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The power distribution device includes a base for mounting on the heat exchanger; The insulating thermally conductive element is mounted on the base, and the insulating thermally conductive element is exposed on the base away from the surface of the electrical device and connected to the heat exchanger.

6. The power distribution device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The insulating and heat-conducting component is embedded in the base.

7. The power distribution device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The base has a first limiting structure on the side facing the electrical device, which is used to limit the portion of the electrical device that is connected to the insulating and heat-conducting component.

8. The power distribution device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first limiting structure is a hole-like structure, and the first limiting structure is connected to the surface of the insulating heat-conducting component.

9. The power distribution device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The base has a second limiting structure on the side opposite to the electrical device, which is used to limit the installation of the insulating and heat-conducting component.

10. The power distribution device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The second limiting structure is a groove-shaped structure, and the side of the insulating heat-conducting component facing away from the electrical device is flush with or protrudes from the groove of the second limiting structure.

11. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive component is 15 Kv / mm to 17 Kv / mm.

12. The power distribution device as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The DC breakdown strength of the insulating thermally conductive component is 15.1 Kv / mm ~ 16.6 Kv / mm.

13. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The insulating and thermally conductive component is a phase change material component; And / or, the insulating and thermally conductive component is a ceramic component.

14. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The insulating and thermally conductive component includes at least one of alumina ceramic, aluminum nitride ceramic, and silicon nitride ceramic.

15. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The electrical components are provided in at least two forms, and the insulating heat-conducting component is provided in one form. Each of the electrical components is thermally connected to the insulating heat-conducting component.

16. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The insulating and heat-conducting components are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the electrical components.

17. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The insulating heat-conducting component is fastened and connected to the electrical component by fasteners. And / or, the insulating thermally conductive element is bonded to the electrical component by thermally conductive adhesive.

18. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The electrical device includes at least one of a relay, a current sensor, a fuse, a tamper, and a pre-charge resistor.

19. The power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The electrical device is provided in at least two forms; The gap between the electrical device and the adjacent electrical device is a first gap. The electrical device is provided with a first connector. The first connector includes a first connecting part for detachable connection with an external connector. The first connecting part is located outside each of the first gaps corresponding to the electrical device.

20. A battery, characterized in that, The battery includes a power distribution device as described in any one of claims 1-19.

21. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical device includes the battery as described in claim 20.

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