Smart ring powered by supercapacitor

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of intelligent wearing, and particularly relates to a supercapacitor-powered intelligent ring, which comprises a ring body, a biological sensing layer for acquiring user biological feature data, an insulating shell layer, and an energy layer between the biological sensing layer and the insulating shell layer; the energy layer comprises a supercapacitor and an energy management circuit, the supercapacitor is electrically connected with the biological sensing layer, and the energy management circuit is electrically connected with the supercapacitor; the intelligent ring further comprises a pressing charging device arranged on the surface of the insulating shell layer and electrically connected with the energy management circuit, which is used for converting received mechanical energy into first electric energy, so that the energy management circuit charges the supercapacitor according to the first electric energy; the intelligent ring improves the safety of intelligent ring power supply, improves the convenience of intelligent ring charging, and improves the user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of smart wearable technology, specifically relating to a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern electronic technology, smart rings with biometric monitoring functions are increasingly favored by users. Currently, smart rings typically use lithium batteries to power the built-in biometric monitoring module and use specific charging devices to charge the smart rings.

[0003] However, the smart rings of the relevant technologies have the following drawbacks: (1) Using lithium batteries for power supply not only increases the size and weight of the ring, but also poses a risk of combustion and explosion in a confined space; (2) Using a specific charging device to charge the smart ring will cause users to frequently remove the smart ring from their fingers and charge it actively, which not only reduces the user's experience, but also affects the monitoring of biometrics if the user does not charge it in time.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the safety of power supply for smart rings while also enhancing the convenience of charging them is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor, which solves the problems of low charging safety and inconvenient charging of related smart rings.

[0006] This application provides a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor. The smart ring includes: a ring body, which includes a biosensing layer for acquiring user biometric data, an insulating outer shell layer, and an energy layer located between the biosensing layer and the insulating outer shell layer; the energy layer includes a supercapacitor and an energy management circuit, wherein the supercapacitor is electrically connected to the biosensing layer, and the energy management circuit is electrically connected to the supercapacitor; the smart ring further includes: a press-to-charge device disposed on the surface of the insulating outer shell layer and electrically connected to the energy management circuit, for converting received mechanical energy into first electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit charges the supercapacitor according to the first electrical energy.

[0007] Optionally, the energy layer further includes an energy conversion circuit, which is electrically connected to the supercapacitor and the energy management circuit respectively, for converting the received radio electromagnetic energy into a second electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit charges the supercapacitor according to the second electrical energy.

[0008] Optionally, the press-to-charge device includes: a pressure-conducting layer for acquiring and transmitting mechanical energy; an energy-harvesting layer connected to the pressure-conducting layer for converting the mechanical energy into alternating current; and an energy converter electrically connected to the energy-harvesting layer and the energy management circuit respectively for converting the alternating current into the first electrical energy.

[0009] Optionally, the pressure transmission layer includes metal bumps and pressure transmission posts, with the metal bumps fixedly connected to the pressure transmission posts.

[0010] Optionally, the energy harvesting layer includes: an alternating array of piezoelectric ceramics and a triboelectric nanogenerator, both of which are connected to the pressure conduction column for converting pressing mechanical energy into a first alternating current; the triboelectric nanogenerator is connected to the pressure conduction column for converting triboelectric mechanical energy into a second alternating current.

[0011] Optionally, the energy converter includes: a first rectifier circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the piezoelectric ceramic array, for rectifying the first alternating current to obtain a first direct current; a second rectifier circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator, for rectifying the second alternating current to obtain a second direct current; an energy selector, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminals of the first and second rectifier circuits respectively, for selecting a corresponding conduction path according to the received first or second direct current; a buck circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the first output terminal of the energy selector, and the output terminal of which is connected to the energy management circuit, for stepping down the first direct current to obtain the first electrical energy; and a boost circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the second output terminal of the energy selector, and the output terminal of which is connected to the energy management circuit, for boosting the second direct current to obtain the first electrical energy.

[0012] Optionally, the energy selector includes: a first voltage comparator, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit, and the second input terminal of which is connected to a first reference voltage terminal; a first transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator, the first terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit, and the second terminal of which is connected as the first output terminal of the energy selector; an inverter, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator; and a second transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the inverter, the first terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit, and the second terminal of which is connected as the second output terminal of the energy selector.

[0013] Optionally, the biosensing layer includes: a red light emitter, an infrared light emitter, a photodiode, and a bioprocessing chip; the bioprocessing chip is electrically connected to the red light emitter, the infrared light emitter, and the photodiode, respectively, for driving the red light emitter and the infrared light emitter to emit corresponding pulse signals, and for acquiring user biometric data based on the intensity of reflected light received by the photodiode, and sending the biometric data to a smart terminal.

[0014] Optionally, the energy management circuit includes: a charging selection unit, the first input terminal of which is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit, and the second input terminal of which is electrically connected to the press-to-charge device, for selecting to output the second electrical energy or the first electrical energy; and a charging unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the charging selection unit, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to the supercapacitor, for charging the supercapacitor according to the second electrical energy or the first electrical energy.

[0015] Optionally, the charging selection unit includes: a second voltage comparator, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit, and the second input terminal of which is connected to a second reference voltage terminal; a third transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator, the first terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit, and the second terminal of which serves as the output terminal of the charging selection unit; a third voltage comparator, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the press-to-charge device, and the second input terminal of which is connected to a third reference voltage terminal; a fourth transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator, the first terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the press-to-charge device, and the second terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the third transistor; and a logic control unit, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator, the second input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator, and the output terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.

[0016] Optionally, the third transistor and the fourth transistor are N-type MOS transistors; when both the second voltage comparator and the third voltage comparator output a high level, the logic control unit is used to output a low level.

[0017] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) This application uses a supercapacitor to replace the lithium battery in the related technology to power the biosensing layer in the smart ring, which not only meets the power supply safety of the smart ring, but also reduces the size and weight of the ring; and by vertically layering the biosensing layer and the energy layer, electromagnetic interference can be avoided and the three-dimensional space of the ring can be utilized, making the smart ring thinner and lighter.

[0019] (2) This application converts any mechanical energy received into electrical energy through a press-to-charge device and charges the supercapacitor through an energy management circuit. This allows users to charge the ring anytime and anywhere, enabling real-time charging without removing the ring and improving the convenience of ring charging. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0021] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a circuit block diagram of a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of a press-to-charge device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of an energy selector provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a biosensing layer provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of an energy management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Smart ring powered by supercapacitor; 110. Ring body; 120. Press-to-charge device; 111. Biosensor layer; 112. Energy layer; 113. Insulating outer shell layer; 1111. Red light emitter; 1112. Infrared light emitter; 1113. Bioprocessing chip; 1114. Photodiode; 1121. Supercapacitor; 1122. Power conversion circuit; 1123. Energy management circuit; 121. Pressure conduction layer; 122. Energy harvesting layer; 123. Energy converter; 1211. Metal bump; 1212. Pressure conduction column; 1222. Piezoelectric ceramic array; 1223. Triboelectric nanogenerator; 1231. First rectifier circuit; 1232. Second rectifier circuit; 1233. Energy selector; 1234. Buck circuit; 1235. Boost circuit; 11231. Charging selection unit; 11232. Charging unit; U0, Inverter; U1, First voltage comparator; U2, Second voltage comparator; U3, Third voltage comparator; U4, Logic control unit; T1, First transistor; T2, Second transistor; T3, Third transistor; T4, Fourth transistor; Vref1, First reference voltage terminal; Vref2, Second reference voltage terminal; Vref3, Third reference voltage terminal; 200. Wireless transmission module. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0029] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, apparatuses, steps, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known methods, apparatuses, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this application.

[0030] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the technical features involved in the various embodiments described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0031] This application provides a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor, specifically including the following embodiments: Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a smart ring powered by a supercapacitor, according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the smart ring 100 powered by the supercapacitor 1121 includes at least a ring body 110 and a press-to-charge device 120.

[0032] In this embodiment, the ring body 110 includes a biosensing layer 111 for acquiring user biometric data, an insulating outer shell layer 113, and an energy layer 112 located between the biosensing layer 111 and the insulating outer shell layer 113. Specifically, the ring body 110 consists of the biosensing layer 111, the energy layer 112, and the insulating outer shell layer 113 from the inside out. The biosensing layer 111 and the energy layer 112 can be electrically connected via a flexible circuit board. The biosensing layer 111 is essentially a signal processing center, used to collect user biometric data, perform preliminary processing on the biometric data, and send it to a smart terminal, allowing the user to monitor the biometric data in real time. The energy layer 112 is an energy hub, mainly used to power the biosensing layer 111. Optionally, this embodiment vertically separates the biosensing layer 111 and the energy layer 112, which avoids electromagnetic interference and utilizes the three-dimensional space of the ring. The insulating outer shell layer 113 in this embodiment can be a titanium alloy shell, whose non-magnetic nature ensures that eddy current heating will not be generated during wireless charging.

[0033] It is worth noting that, Figure 1 The biosensing layer 111, insulating shell layer 113, and energy layer 112 arranged around the circumference are merely an example of a cross-sectional view; however, in practical applications, each layer structure can be in any form, either fully covered or spaced out, without any specific limitation here.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy layer 112 in this embodiment includes a supercapacitor 1121 and an energy management circuit 1123. The supercapacitor 1121 can be electrically connected to the biosensing layer 111 via a flexible circuit board, and the energy management circuit 1123 is electrically connected to the supercapacitor 1121.

[0035] It should be noted that the supercapacitor 1121 in this embodiment does not require electrolyte or heavy explosion-proof packaging. The electrodes can be made of activated carbon-graphene composite material, which is thinner and lighter than lithium batteries for the same capacity. Furthermore, the electrostatic energy storage of the supercapacitor 1121 only generates reversible thermal expansion when overcharged or punctured, which can completely avoid the risk of combustion and explosion caused by the chemical chain reaction of lithium batteries and meet the power supply safety requirements of confined spaces. The wound bipolar stacked structure in the supercapacitor 1121 of this embodiment can be bent to fit the curvature of the ring, which can greatly improve the space utilization and effectively reduce the thickness of the ring. Therefore, this embodiment uses the supercapacitor 1121 to power the biosensing layer 111. Compared with lithium batteries, this not only meets the power supply safety requirements of the smart ring, but also reduces the size and weight of the ring.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the press-to-charge device 120 is disposed on the surface of the insulating outer shell layer 113 and electrically connected to the energy management circuit 1123. It is used to convert the received mechanical energy into first electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit 1123 charges the supercapacitor 1121 according to the first electrical energy. The mechanical energy can be the pressing mechanical energy of any finger of the user pressing the press-to-charge device 120 on the target finger or / and frictional potential energy, etc. The press-to-charge device 120 converts the received mechanical energy into electrical energy and charges the supercapacitor 1121 through the energy management circuit 1123. This allows the user to charge the smart ring by pressing the smart ring with their finger, further improving the convenience of charging the smart ring.

[0037] In summary, the smart ring 100 powered by the supercapacitor 1121 provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) In this application, a supercapacitor 1121 is used to replace the lithium battery in the related technology to power the biosensing layer 111 in the smart ring. This not only meets the power supply safety of the smart ring, but also reduces the size and weight of the ring. Furthermore, by vertically layering the biosensing layer 111 and the energy layer 112, electromagnetic interference can be avoided and the three-dimensional space of the ring can be utilized, making the smart ring thinner and lighter.

[0038] (2) This application converts any mechanical energy received into electrical energy through the press charging device 120 and charges the supercapacitor 1121 through the energy management circuit 1123. In this way, users can charge the ring anytime and anywhere, so that users can charge the ring in real time without removing the ring, which improves the convenience of ring charging.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy layer 112 in this embodiment also includes an energy conversion circuit 1122, which is electrically connected to the supercapacitor 1121 and the energy management circuit 1123 respectively. The energy conversion circuit 1122 is used to convert the received radio electromagnetic energy into second electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit 1123 charges the supercapacitor 1121 according to the second electrical energy.

[0040] It should be noted that the radio electromagnetic energy received by the energy conversion circuit 1122 in this embodiment can be any transmitter, including the wireless transmitter module 200, which has the function of transmitting radio electromagnetic energy. This arbitrary transmitter includes, but is not limited to, a mouse, mouse pad, mobile phone, and mobile phone case, allowing the energy conversion circuit 1122 to convert the received radio electromagnetic energy into electrical energy while the user is holding the mouse or mobile phone, and then charge the supercapacitor 1121 through the energy management circuit 1123. Therefore, this embodiment allows the user to charge the ring without removing it, improving the convenience of charging the smart ring. Thus, this embodiment further improves the convenience of charging the smart ring by combining wireless charging and press-to-charge methods to charge the supercapacitor 1121.

[0041] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a press-to-charge device provided in an embodiment of this application; as shown Figure 3 As shown, the press-to-charge device 120 includes a pressure-conducting layer 121 for acquiring and transmitting mechanical energy; wherein, the pressure-conducting layer 121 includes metal bumps 1211 and pressure-conducting columns 1212 fixedly connected to the metal bumps 1211; optionally, the metal bumps 1211 can be hemispherical titanium alloy bumps with a diameter of 2 mm and a radius of curvature of 1.5 mm; the pressure-conducting columns 1212 can be conical columns with a taper of 60° and a height of 0.8 mm; wherein, the conical columns can make the pressure concentration ratio reach 4.2:1; for example, a pressing force of 0.2 N will cause the piezoelectric sheet to be subjected to a force of 2.1 N after passing through the conical columns.

[0042] It should be noted that the design principle of the metal bumps in this embodiment is as follows: a hemispherical design (rather than a pointed or flat surface) with an optimized radius of curvature (e.g., 1.5mm) to match the natural curvature of the fingertip; therefore, the ergonomic design ensures maximum contact area and uniform pressure distribution during pressing, avoiding any stinging sensation. Optionally, this embodiment uses titanium alloy or stainless steel as the metal material, giving it high hardness, high wear resistance, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. Optionally, the surface of the metal bumps can also be treated with micro-arc oxidation or sandblasting. Micro-arc oxidation forms a robust ceramic oxide film, greatly enhancing surface hardness and wear resistance; sandblasting provides a moderate coefficient of friction, which is beneficial for initial pressing and positioning, while also allowing slight finger sliding to stimulate triboelectric power generation.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the metal protrusion is the physical interface through which the user's finger interacts directly with the pressing charging device. It is responsible for receiving the vertical pressure and horizontal shear force (friction) applied by the finger, and for initially concentrating and transmitting the collected dispersed pressure to the pressure transmission column below.

[0044] The design principle of the pressure transmission column in this embodiment is as follows: by designing it as a cone shape with a large top and a small bottom, a small force on a large area will generate a larger pressure on a small area, thereby amplifying the small and dispersed pressing force applied by the finger several times. The amplified concentrated force is then accurately and vertically transmitted and distributed to the piezoelectric ceramic array and triboelectric nanogenerator arranged in an alternating pattern below. This efficiently transfers mechanical energy from the outside of the ring to the internal energy harvesting layer. It is the core transmission component for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, effectively improving power generation efficiency.

[0045] The press-to-charge device 120 of this embodiment also includes an energy harvesting layer 122 for converting mechanical energy into alternating current. Specifically, the energy harvesting layer 122 includes a piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 and a triboelectric nanogenerator 1223, both of which are connected to the pressure conduction column 1212. Specifically, the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 can capture high-frequency mechanical energy to convert the mechanical energy of rapid pressing into a first alternating current. That is, the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 can generate a high-voltage pulse from rapid pressure changes (pressing time < 0.1s), so the first alternating current is an alternating current with a high voltage value, typically 50~100V. Optionally, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223 can capture low-frequency mechanical energy (such as slow pressing, sliding, etc.) to convert triboelectric mechanical energy into a second alternating current. That is, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223 can cause the FEP / graphene contact to separate due to slow pressure changes (pressing time > 0.3s), outputting 2-20V AC. Therefore, the second AC is an AC with a lower voltage value. Thus, in this embodiment, by arranging the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 and the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223 alternately, piezoelectric and triboelectric energy are harvested synergistically, improving energy harvesting efficiency.

[0046] The press-to-charge device 120 in this embodiment also includes an energy converter 123, which is electrically connected to the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223 and the energy management circuit 1123, respectively, and is used to convert the first AC power and the second AC power into first electrical energy. Specifically, in this embodiment, the energy converter 123 converts the first AC power or the second AC power collected by the energy collection layer 122 into DC power for charging the supercapacitor 1121.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the energy converter 123 in this embodiment includes a first rectifier circuit 1231. The input terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1231 is connected to the output terminal of the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222, and is used to rectify the first alternating current to obtain the first direct current. Specifically, the first rectifier circuit 1231 can be a full-bridge rectifier circuit. The advantage of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is that it can completely retain the input voltage value, which is suitable for processing high-voltage and low-current signals. Since the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 will generate a momentary high-voltage pulse when subjected to mechanical impact, but the duration is extremely short and the current is weak, the full-bridge rectifier circuit can efficiently capture the high-voltage pulse output by the piezoelectric ceramic array 1222 and minimize energy loss. The first direct current voltage in this embodiment is usually greater than 8V.

[0048] The energy converter 123 in this embodiment also includes a second rectifier circuit 1232. The input terminal of the second rectifier circuit 1232 is connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223, and is used to rectify the second AC power to obtain a second DC power. Specifically, the second rectifier circuit 1232 can be a voltage doubler rectifier circuit. The essence of the voltage doubler rectifier circuit is a charge pump structure, which achieves voltage superposition through the cascading of capacitors and diodes, and is particularly suitable for increasing the voltage amplitude of low-voltage AC signals. Since the output characteristic of the triboelectric nanogenerator 1223 is a high-impedance AC source, the output voltage amplitude is relatively low. Here, the voltage doubler rectifier circuit can gradually increase the voltage to a usable level through multi-stage capacitor storage. The second DC voltage in this embodiment is usually around 2V.

[0049] The energy converter 123 in this embodiment also includes an energy selector 1233. The input terminal of the energy selector 1233 is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1231 and the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit 1232, respectively, and is used to select the corresponding conduction path according to the received first DC power or second DC power. Here, this embodiment can achieve physical isolation between the two energy harvesting paths through the energy selector 1233, preventing high-voltage pulses from entering the low-voltage chip; that is, when the first rectifier circuit 1231 outputs the first DC power: the piezoelectric path is closed and the friction path is open; conversely, when the second rectifier circuit 1232 outputs the second DC power: the piezoelectric path is open and the friction path is closed. When there is no energy output (Vin=0V), the two paths are disconnected, and the static power consumption is 0.

[0050] The energy converter 123 in this embodiment also includes a buck circuit 1234 and a boost circuit 1235. The input terminal of the buck circuit 1234 is connected to the first output terminal of the energy selector 1233, and the output terminal of the buck circuit 1234 is connected to the energy management circuit 1123. It is used to step down the first DC power to obtain the first electrical energy. The input terminal of the boost circuit 1235 is connected to the second output terminal of the energy selector 1233, and the output terminal of the boost circuit 1235 is connected to the energy management circuit 1123. It is used to boost the second DC power to obtain the first electrical energy.

[0051] It should be noted that since the storage voltage of the supercapacitor 1121 is generally around 5.5V, the first DC output of the first rectifier circuit 1231 is higher than the storage voltage of the supercapacitor 1121, while the second DC output of the second rectifier circuit 1232 is lower than the storage voltage of the supercapacitor 1121. Therefore, the output voltage of different output terminals of the energy selector 1233 is stepped down and stepped up by the buck circuit 1234 and the boost circuit 1235, respectively, so that the DC output of the energy converter 123 can meet the charging requirements of the supercapacitor 1121 and prevent the voltage from being too low or too high from affecting the charging efficiency of the supercapacitor 1121.

[0052] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of an energy selector provided in an embodiment of this application; as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the energy selector 1233 includes a first voltage comparator U1, a first transistor T1, an inverter U0, and a second transistor T2. The first input terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1231 and the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit 1232, respectively, and the second input terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal Vref1. The control terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator U1, the first terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1231, and the second terminal of the first transistor T1 is connected as the first output terminal of the energy selector 1233. The input terminal of the inverter U0 is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator U1. The control terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter U0, the first terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected to the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit 1232, and the second terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected as the second output terminal of the energy selector 1233.

[0053] It should be noted that the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 in this embodiment can be N-type MOS transistors; here, the working principle of the energy selector 1233 in this embodiment is as follows: (1) When the input voltage received by the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 is greater than the reference voltage output by the reference voltage terminal, the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a high level, which makes the first transistor T1 in the conducting state, so that the first rectifier circuit 1231 is electrically connected to the step-down circuit 1234; at the same time, the high level output by the first voltage comparator U1 is inverted by the inverter U0 and then input to the control terminal of the second transistor T2, so that the second transistor T2 is in the off state; at this time, the energy selector 1233 selects the piezoelectric path to conduct. (2) When the input voltage received at the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 is less than the reference voltage output at the reference voltage terminal, the first voltage comparator U1 outputs a low level. This low level causes the first transistor T1 to be in the off state, thus disconnecting the first rectifier circuit 1231 from the buck circuit 1234. At the same time, the low level output by the first voltage comparator U1 is inverted by the inverter U0 to obtain a high level, which is then input to the control terminal of the second transistor T2. The second transistor T2 is then in the on state, thus electrically connecting the second rectifier circuit 1232 to the boost circuit 1235. At this time, the energy selector 1233 selects the friction path to be on. (3) When the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator U1 does not receive input pressure, the first voltage comparator U1 does not output any level, and both the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are in the off state.

[0054] Therefore, it can be seen that this embodiment achieves physical isolation between the piezoelectric path and the friction path through the height comparison of the first voltage comparator U1 and the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2, which can realize intelligent switching of energy path in nanosecond time, while achieving zero static power consumption and shock resistance at the hundred-volt level, perfectly meeting the miniaturization and high reliability requirements of smart rings.

[0055] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a biosensing layer provided in an embodiment of this application; as shown Figure 5 As shown, the biosensing layer 111 includes: a red light emitter 1111, an infrared light emitter 1112, a photodiode 1114, and a bioprocessing chip 1113. Specifically, the bioprocessing chip 1113 is electrically connected to the red light emitter 1111, the infrared light emitter 1112, and the photodiode 1114, respectively, and is used to drive the red light emitter 1111 and the infrared light emitter 1112 to emit corresponding pulse signals. It is also used to acquire user biometric data based on the intensity of reflected light received by the photodiode 1114, and send the biometric data to the smart terminal.

[0056] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the red light emitter 1111 emits 650nm red light, and the infrared light emitter 1112 emits 940nm infrared light. The 650nm red light is used to detect superficial subcutaneous blood flow, and the 940nm infrared light is used to detect deep tissue blood oxygen saturation. In this embodiment, the bioprocessing chip 1113 acquires the user's heart rate, blood oxygen, and other biometric data based on the intensity of reflected light received by the photodiode 1114, and transmits the real-time collected biometric data to the user's smart terminal via wireless communication, allowing the user to view heart rate, blood oxygen, and other data in real time on the smart terminal.

[0057] It should be noted that the biosensor layer 111 primarily performs health monitoring, calculating heart rate by analyzing the frequency of reflected light fluctuations caused by blood flow pulsations and calculating blood oxygen levels by utilizing the difference in absorption rates between red and infrared light. Additionally, timed detection can be initiated only when the user wears the ring, or detection can be manually triggered by the user, thus reducing the power consumption of the biosensor layer 111.

[0058] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of an energy management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the energy management circuit 1123 includes a charging selection unit 11231 and a charging unit 11232. The first input terminal of the charging selection unit 11231 is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit 1122, and the second input terminal of the charging selection unit 11231 is electrically connected to the press-to-charge device 120, for selecting the output of second electrical energy or first electrical energy. The input terminal of the charging unit 11232 is connected to the output terminal of the charging selection unit 11231, and the output terminal of the charging unit 11232 is electrically connected to the supercapacitor 1121, for charging the supercapacitor 1121 according to the second electrical energy or the first electrical energy.

[0059] Optionally, the charging selection unit 11231 includes a second voltage comparator U2, a third transistor T3, a fourth transistor T4, and a logic control unit U4. Specifically, the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator U2 is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 1122, and the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator U2 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal Vref2. The control terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator U2, the first terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 1122, and the second terminal of the third transistor T3 serves as the output terminal of the charging selection unit 11231. The first input terminal of the third voltage comparator U3 is connected to the output terminal of the push-to-charge device 120, and the second input terminal of the third voltage comparator U3 is connected to the third reference voltage terminal Vref3; the control terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator U3, the first terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the output terminal of the push-to-charge device 120, and the second terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the second terminal of the third transistor T3; the first input terminal of the logic control unit U4 is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator U2, the second input terminal of the logic control unit U4 is connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator U3, and the output terminal of the logic control unit U4 is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor T3.

[0060] Optionally, the third transistor T3 and the fourth transistor T4 are N-type MOS transistors; when both the second voltage comparator U2 and the third voltage comparator U3 output a high level, the logic control unit U4 is used to output a low level.

[0061] It should be noted that the specific working principle of the energy management circuit 1123 provided in this embodiment is as follows: (1) When wireless charging is available and there is no press charging, the press charging device 120 has no power output, the third voltage comparator U3 has no voltage output or outputs a low level, and the fourth transistor T4 is turned off; at the same time, the second power output by the power conversion circuit 1122 is input to the second voltage comparator U2, the second voltage comparator U2 outputs a high level, the third transistor T3 is turned on, so that the second power output by the power conversion circuit 1122 charges the supercapacitor 1121 through the charging unit 11232.

[0062] (2) When there is a press-to-charge method and no wireless charging, the power conversion circuit 1122 has no power output, the second voltage comparator U2 has no voltage output or outputs a low level, and the third transistor T3 is turned off; at the same time, after the first power output by the press-to-charge device 120 is input to the third voltage comparator U3, the third voltage comparator U3 outputs a high level, and the fourth transistor T4 is turned on, so that the first power output by the press-to-charge device 120 charges the supercapacitor 1121 through the charging unit 11232.

[0063] (3) When both press-to-charge and wireless charging are present, the second electrical energy output from the conversion circuit is input to the second voltage comparator U2, and the second voltage comparator U2 outputs a high level. At the same time, the first electrical energy output from the press-to-charge device 120 is input to the third voltage comparator U3, and the third voltage comparator U3 outputs a high level. At this time, when the logic control unit U4 receives the high level output from the second voltage comparator U2 and the high level output from the third voltage comparator U3, it outputs a low level to the control terminal of the third transistor T3, causing the third transistor T3 to turn off and the fourth transistor T4 to turn on, so that the first electrical energy output from the press-to-charge device 120 charges the supercapacitor 1121 through the charging unit 11232. That is to say, when press-to-charge and wireless charging are present at the same time, the energy management circuit 1123 prioritizes the press-to-charge method to avoid wasting the mechanical energy of pressing, thereby improving the charging conversion rate of the supercapacitor 1121.

[0064] In summary, the smart ring provided in this application has the following effects: (1) This application uses supercapacitor energy storage to not only achieve fast charging of smart rings, but also improve the safety of power supply.

[0065] (2) This application establishes a zero-operation charging ecosystem through wireless + press dual-mode charging. It can not only automatically replenish energy using everyday contact devices such as mobile phones, mobile phone cases, mice or mouse pads, but also replenish energy anytime and anywhere through finger pressing and other actions, so that users do not need to charge specially, thus improving the convenience of charging smart rings.

[0066] (3) The composite transducer layer of this application, composed of piezoelectric and triboelectric elements, captures high-frequency energy from rapid light taps through voltage and low-frequency energy from long presses or slides through triboelectric motors, thus covering the full spectrum of mechanical energy and improving energy capture density.

[0067] (4) This application achieves physical isolation of high and low voltage paths through an energy selector, avoids the risk of high voltage pulses damaging low voltage chips, and improves the stability of smart ring functions.

[0068] (5) This application prioritizes the press-to-charge method through the energy management circuit to avoid wasting the mechanical energy of pressing, which can improve the charging conversion rate of the supercapacitor.

[0069] (6) This application achieves physical isolation between the biosensing layer and the energy layer through vertical layered packaging, which not only solves the contradiction between electromagnetic interference and space, but also reduces the thickness of the ring and meets the user's demand for lightness and thinness.

[0070] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0071] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. The illustrative expressions of the above terms in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0072] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application. Therefore, any changes or modifications made in accordance with the claims and description of this application should fall within the scope of this patent application.

Claims

1. A smart ring powered by a supercapacitor, characterized in that, The smart ring includes: The ring body includes a biosensing layer for acquiring user biometric data, an insulating outer shell layer, and an energy layer located between the biosensing layer and the insulating outer shell layer. The energy layer includes a supercapacitor and an energy management circuit. The supercapacitor is electrically connected to the biosensing layer, and the energy management circuit is electrically connected to the supercapacitor. The smart ring further includes a press-to-charge device disposed on the surface of the insulating outer shell layer and electrically connected to the energy management circuit, for converting the received mechanical energy into first electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit charges the supercapacitor according to the first electrical energy.

2. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy layer also includes an energy conversion circuit, which is electrically connected to the supercapacitor and the energy management circuit, respectively, for converting the received radio electromagnetic energy into a second electrical energy, so that the energy management circuit can charge the supercapacitor according to the second electrical energy.

3. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The press-to-charge device includes: A pressure-conducting layer for acquiring and transmitting mechanical energy; wherein the pressure-conducting layer includes metal bumps and pressure-conducting posts, and the metal bumps are fixedly connected to the pressure-conducting posts; An energy harvesting layer, connected to the pressure conduction layer, is used to convert the mechanical energy into alternating current; An energy converter, which is electrically connected to the energy harvesting layer and the energy management circuit respectively, is used to convert the alternating current into the first electrical energy.

4. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that, The energy harvesting layer includes: an alternating array of piezoelectric ceramics and a triboelectric nanogenerator, both of which are connected to the pressure conduction column for converting pressing mechanical energy into a first alternating current; the triboelectric nanogenerator is used to convert triboelectric mechanical energy into a second alternating current.

5. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy converter includes: A first rectifier circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the piezoelectric ceramic array, is used to rectify the first alternating current to obtain a first direct current; The second rectifier circuit, whose input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric nanogenerator, is used to rectify the second alternating current to obtain the second direct current. An energy selector, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit respectively, is used to select the corresponding conduction path according to the received first DC power or second DC power. A step-down circuit, wherein the input terminal of the step-down circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the energy selector, and the output terminal of the step-down circuit is connected to the energy management circuit, for stepping down the first DC power to obtain the first electrical energy; A boost circuit is provided, the input terminal of which is connected to the second output terminal of the energy selector, and the output terminal of which is connected to the energy management circuit. The boost circuit is used to boost the second DC power to obtain the first electrical energy.

6. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy selector includes: A first voltage comparator, wherein the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit respectively, and the second input terminal of the first voltage comparator is connected to the first reference voltage terminal; The first transistor has its control terminal connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator, its first terminal connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit, and its second terminal connected as the first output terminal of the energy selector. An inverter, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator; The second transistor has its control terminal connected to the output terminal of the inverter, its first terminal connected to the output terminal of the second rectifier circuit, and its second terminal connected as the second output terminal of the energy selector.

7. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biosensing layer includes: Red light emitter, infrared light emitter, photodiode, and bioprocessing chip; The bioprocessing chip is electrically connected to the red light emitter, the infrared light emitter, and the photodiode, respectively, and is used to drive the red light emitter and the infrared light emitter to emit corresponding pulse signals. It is also used to acquire user biometric data based on the intensity of reflected light received by the photodiode and send the biometric data to the smart terminal.

8. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy management circuit includes: A charging selection unit, wherein the first input terminal of the charging selection unit is electrically connected to the power conversion circuit, and the second input terminal of the charging selection unit is electrically connected to the press-to-charge device, for selecting to output the second power or the first power; A charging unit, wherein the input terminal of the charging unit is connected to the output terminal of the charging selection unit, and the output terminal of the charging unit is electrically connected to the supercapacitor, for charging the supercapacitor according to the second electrical energy or the first electrical energy.

9. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 8, characterized in that, The charging selection unit includes: A second voltage comparator, wherein the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit, and the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the second reference voltage terminal; The third transistor has its control terminal connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator, its first terminal connected to the output terminal of the power conversion circuit, and its second terminal serving as the output terminal of the charging selection unit. A third voltage comparator, wherein the first input terminal of the third voltage comparator is connected to the output terminal of the press-to-charge device, and the second input terminal of the third voltage comparator is connected to the third reference voltage terminal; The fourth transistor has its control terminal connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator, its first terminal connected to the output terminal of the press-to-charge device, and its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the third transistor. The logic control unit has a first input terminal connected to the output terminal of the second voltage comparator, a second input terminal connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator, and an output terminal connected to the control terminal of the third transistor.

10. The smart ring based on supercapacitor power supply according to claim 9, characterized in that, The third transistor and the fourth transistor are N-type MOS transistors; when both the second voltage comparator and the third voltage comparator output a high level, the logic control unit is used to output a low level.

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