A desulfurization and denitration integrated ammonia injection mixing system

Abstract

This utility model discloses an integrated ammonia injection mixing system for desulfurization and denitrification, including a shell and an ammonia injection grid. The shell is divided by a partition into at least one sequentially connected chamber: an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate chamber and has several nozzles for injecting ammonia into it. The desulfurization and denitrification chambers contain catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The outer surface of each nozzle is conical. Section A is defined as a cross-section perpendicular to the centerline of the nozzle's outer surface. The inner rim of the nozzle on section A is non-circular, and its size gradually increases from the end connected to the ammonia injection grid to the other end. The non-circular inner surface cross-section of the nozzle in this utility model creates a negative pressure zone on its inner surface when ammonia is injected, enhancing the mixing of flue gas and ammonia and resulting in a more uniform mixture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to an integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system, belonging to the field of flue gas treatment systems. Background Technology

[0002] To ensure effective denitrification, the uniformity of ammonia mixing with flue gas is crucial, as is the flow field distribution of flue gas entering the denitrification catalyst layer, in order to guarantee denitrification efficiency and ammonia escape index.

[0003] The single-stage desulfurization reactor and the single-stage denitrification reactor are arranged in series separately and connected by a straight flue in the middle. The ammonia and flue gas have a certain mixing distance. The denitrification tower inlet is equipped with a flue gas guiding device, and the flue gas flow field is evenly distributed. Compared with the integrated two-stage reactor, the mixing and flow field distribution are better, but the space occupied by the entire device is larger.

[0004] The cross-flow moving bed with two stages is connected to the desulfurization section and the denitrification section via an intermediate gas chamber. After the flue gas flows out of the desulfurization section, it is turned in the intermediate gas chamber and enters the denitrification section. Due to the constraints of the reactor structure size and the lack of any mixing and flue gas flow field optimization facilities in the intermediate gas chamber, the flue gas flow field is poor, and flow deviation occurs, making it impossible to mix effectively with ammonia. In addition, the current ammonia injection system uses nozzles to directly inject ammonia, which has a small coverage area and a high flow rate, making it difficult to mix fully with the flue gas.

[0005] Currently, ammonia injection devices have a simple structure, using pipe openings, resulting in few distribution points and high flow rates. This makes it difficult to achieve a uniform distribution of ammonia gas across the horizontal cross-section of the intermediate gas chamber, thus failing to create favorable conditions for uniform mixing.

[0006] The ammonia injection point is usually fixed in the middle of the intermediate gas chamber. The mixing effect of the flue gas and ammonia is poor. The denitrification efficiency is low in the area with a small ammonia-to-nitrogen ratio entering the denitrification section. Although the denitrification efficiency is high in the area with an ammonia-to-nitrogen ratio exceeding the design value, the excessive ammonia leads to excessive ammonia escape at the outlet.

[0007] Furthermore, due to the severe unevenness of the flow field, the deviation of the flue gas entering the denitrification section causes the area with a large amount of flue gas to be unable to react completely, while the catalyst capacity in the area with a small amount of flue gas is not effectively utilized, ultimately resulting in low denitrification efficiency and excessive NOx emissions at the outlet.

[0008] Due to the uneven flow field, the dust emission concentration of the currently operating system is high, making it difficult to meet the standards. After installing a mixing distributor, the flue gas flow field of the denitrification section can be optimized, effectively improving the dust emission concentration at the system outlet. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated ammonia injection mixing system for desulfurization and denitrification, which solves the technical defects of high ammonia escape and low utilization efficiency in existing desulfurization and denitrification systems.

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: an integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system, comprising a shell and an ammonia injection grid. The shell is divided by a partition into at least an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber that are connected in sequence. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate chamber and is provided with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate chamber. The desulfurization chamber and the denitrification chamber are provided with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The outer surface of the nozzle is a conical surface. A section perpendicular to the center line of the outer surface of the nozzle is defined as section A. The inner rim of the nozzle on section A is non-circular, and the inner rim of the nozzle on section A gradually increases from one end connected to the ammonia injection grid to the other end.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, it also includes a flue gas disturbance plate, which is disposed in the intermediate gas chamber and is opposite to the end of the nozzle away from the ammonia injection grid. After the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle mixes with the flue gas, it passes through the flue gas disturbance plate and flows evenly toward the denitrification chamber.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, the two ends of the flue gas disturbance plate are inclined upward, and the nozzles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower part of the ammonia injection grid.

[0013] This utility model provides another integrated ammonia injection mixing system for desulfurization and denitrification, including a shell and an ammonia injection grid. The shell is divided by a partition into an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber that are connected in sequence. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate chamber and is provided with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate chamber. The desulfurization chamber and the denitrification chamber are provided with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber and the desulfurization chamber are located on the same side of the intermediate chamber, and the desulfurization chamber is located below the denitrification chamber. A mixing distributor is provided in the intermediate chamber above the ammonia injection grid. The mixing distributor consists of a constriction zone, a channel zone, and a flaring zone from bottom to top. The width of the constriction zone and the flaring zone at the ends away from each other is greater than the width at the ends close to each other. The width of the constriction zone and the flaring zone at the ends facing each other is equal and equal to the width of the channel zone.

[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, a turbulence-inducing element is provided in the channel area.

[0015] As a further improvement of this utility model, the mixing distributor includes two upper baffles, two lower baffles, and two intermediate baffles. The two intermediate baffles are vertically arranged, and their two ends are fixedly connected to the two ends of the intermediate gas chamber. The bottom ends of the two upper baffles are respectively sealed to the top ends of the two intermediate baffles. The distance between the bottom ends of the two upper baffles is less than the distance between their top ends. The top ends of the two lower baffles are respectively sealed to the bottom ends of the two intermediate baffles. The distance between the top ends of the two lower baffles is less than the distance between their bottom ends. After the flue gas after desulfurization is mixed with ammonia in the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber, it enters the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber from the two lower baffles, passing between the two intermediate baffles and between the two upper baffles, and then enters the denitrification chamber from the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber.

[0016] As a further improvement of this utility model, a first upper partition is provided at the bottom of the denitrification chamber, a first lower partition is provided at the top of the desulfurization chamber, the top end of the upper baffle located on one side of the denitrification chamber is sealed to the first upper partition, and the bottom end of the lower baffle located on one side of the desulfurization chamber is sealed to the first lower partition.

[0017] The third type of integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system provided by this utility model includes an outer shell and an ammonia injection grid. The outer shell is divided by a partition into an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate gas chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber that are connected in sequence. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate gas chamber and is provided with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate gas chamber. The desulfurization chamber and the denitrification chamber are provided with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber and the desulfurization chamber are located on the same side of the intermediate gas chamber, and the desulfurization chamber is located below the denitrification chamber. Multiple guide plates are provided above the ammonia injection grid in the intermediate gas chamber. The guide plates are spaced apart, and the upper end of the guide plates is inclined towards the denitrification chamber. The distance between the lower ends of two adjacent guide plates is smaller than the distance between the upper ends. After the flue gas is desulfurized, it mixes with ammonia in the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber and flows upward to the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber through the channel between two adjacent guide plates.

[0018] The fourth integrated ammonia injection mixing system for desulfurization and denitrification provided by this utility model includes a shell and an ammonia injection grid. The shell is divided by a partition into at least one sequentially connected chamber: an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate chamber and is equipped with several nozzles for injecting ammonia gas into the intermediate chamber. The desulfurization and denitrification chambers contain catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber is located on the same side of the intermediate chamber as the desulfurization chamber, and is located below the denitrification chamber. A mixing distributor is installed above the ammonia injection grid in the intermediate gas chamber. The mixing distributor consists of a converging zone, a channel zone, and a flaring zone from bottom to top. The width of the converging zone and the flaring zone at their opposite ends is greater than the width at their opposite ends. The width of the converging zone and the flaring zone at their opposite ends is equal to the width of the channel zone. Multiple guide plates are installed in the flaring zone of the mixing distributor. The guide plates are spaced apart, and the tops of the guide plates are inclined towards the denitrification chamber. The distance between the tops of two adjacent guide plates is greater than the distance between their bottoms.

[0019] As a further improvement of this utility model, the nozzle is located at the lower part of the ammonia injection grid and sprays ammonia gas downward in the intermediate gas chamber.

[0020] In summary, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: The nozzle in this invention has a non-circular inner surface cross-section. When ammonia is sprayed out of the nozzle, a negative pressure zone is formed on the inner surface of the nozzle, which allows the ammonia to be fully turbulently mixed with the flue gas under the action of the nozzle. This enhances the mixing efficiency of the flue gas and ammonia, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of ammonia and reducing the risk of ammonia escape.

[0021] This utility model is equipped with a flue gas disturbance plate, which corresponds to the nozzle. After the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle mixes with the flue gas, it collides with the flue gas disturbance plate and bounces back. When the flue gas flows upward from below the flue gas disturbance plate, it is drawn into the vicinity of the nozzle from both sides of the flue gas disturbance plate and impacts the flue gas disturbance plate, further making the mixing of flue gas and ammonia gas more uniform.

[0022] The symmetrical distribution of nozzles in this invention is more conducive to the uniform mixing of flue gas and ammonia.

[0023] The mixing distributor in this invention consists of a constriction zone, a channel zone, and a flaring zone, which can generate a Venturi effect, increase the intensity of flue gas turbulence, and effectively enhance the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas.

[0024] This invention incorporates a turbulent element within the channel area to create turbulent mixing, which further enhances the mixing effect between ammonia and flue gas.

[0025] This invention features a guide plate to evenly discharge the flue gas, ensuring a uniform flow field distribution of the mixed flue gas at the inlet section of the denitrification section. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view in the image.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a view of the nozzle in this utility model.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle in section A of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower left louvered grille, the lower right louvered grille, the upper left louvered grille, and the upper right louvered grille in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system shown includes an outer shell 1 and an ammonia injection grid 2. The outer shell 1 is a rectangular shell structure formed by welding together a rectangular top plate 101, a bottom plate 102, a left side plate 103, a right side plate 104, a front side plate 105, and a rear side plate 106. The outer shell 1 is divided by partitions into at least the following sequentially connected chambers: an inlet chamber 3, a desulfurization chamber 4, an intermediate chamber 5, a denitrification chamber 6, and an outlet chamber 7. The intermediate chamber 5 is located on the left side inside the outer shell 1. The inlet chamber 3 and outlet chamber 7 are located on the right side inside the housing 1, with the inlet chamber 3 located below the outlet chamber 7. The inlet chamber 3 is separated from the outlet chamber 7, preventing the flue gas in the inlet chamber 3 from directly entering the outlet chamber 7. Flue gas can be introduced into the inlet chamber 3 during operation. The desulfurization chamber 4 is located between the inlet chamber 3 and the intermediate chamber 5, and its left and right sides are connected to the lower part of the intermediate chamber 5 and the inlet chamber 3, respectively. In this embodiment, the left and right sides of the desulfurization chamber 4 are respectively the lower left louvers. Grille 107a and lower right louver grille 107b ensure that flue gas can enter the desulfurization chamber 4 from the inlet chamber 3 and enter the intermediate gas chamber 5 from the desulfurization chamber 4. The denitrification chamber 6 is located directly above the desulfurization chamber 4 and is separated from the desulfurization chamber 4 by a transition chamber 20. The left and right sides of the transition chamber 20 are respectively a closed left side plate 109a and a right side plate 109b. The left side plate 109a and the right side plate 109b of the transition chamber cannot be supplied with gas. The left and right sides of the denitrification chamber 6 are connected to the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber 5 and the outlet chamber 7, respectively. In this embodiment, the left and right sides of the denitrification chamber 6 are respectively an upper left louver grille 108a and an upper right louver grille 108b, to ensure that the gas in the intermediate gas chamber 5 can enter the denitrification chamber 6 and the gas in the denitrification chamber 6 can enter the outlet chamber 7. The structure of the lower left louver grille 107a, lower right louver grille 107b, upper left louver grille 108a, and upper right louver grille 108b is as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the ammonia injection grille 2 is an ammonia gas pipeline that extends into the intermediate gas chamber 5 in a front-to-back direction. The front and rear ends of the ammonia injection grille 2 are fixed to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. Several nozzles 8 are installed on the ammonia injection grille 2. One end of the ammonia injection grille 2 extending outside the housing 1 is used to introduce ammonia gas into it. The nozzles 8 are located at the lower part of the ammonia injection grille 2. When in use, the ammonia injection grille 2 introduces ammonia gas, which is then injected into the intermediate gas chamber 5 through the nozzles 8. Desulfurization and denitrification catalysts are installed in the desulfurization chamber 4 and the denitrification chamber 6. The catalyst in the new type is activated carbon. Flue gas enters the desulfurization chamber 4 from the inlet chamber 3. The activated carbon in the desulfurization chamber 4 adsorbs and removes sulfur from the flue gas. The flue gas that has completed desulfurization in the desulfurization chamber 4 enters the intermediate gas chamber 5 from the lower part. After mixing with the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle 8, it enters the denitrification chamber 6 from the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber 5. The activated carbon in the denitrification chamber 6 removes nitrogen oxides from it. Then it enters the outlet chamber 7 from the denitrification chamber 6 and is discharged from the outlet chamber 7. The nozzle 8 can be fixed to the ammonia injection grid 2 by means of threaded connection, flange connection or welding.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the nozzle 8 is a conical surface. A section perpendicular to the centerline of the outer surface of the nozzle 8 is defined as section A. The inner rim of the nozzle 8 on section A is non-circular; for example, the cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the nozzle can be a regular or irregular polygon. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the inner surface of the nozzle 8 is preferably provided with uniformly arranged toothed grooves along the circumferential direction, so that the outline of the inner surface of the nozzle 8 on section A is the same as the outer outline of the gear. From the end connected to the ammonia injection grid 2 to the other end, the inner outline of the nozzle 8 on section A gradually increases. That is, in this embodiment, the width of the toothed groove at the end near the injection grid 2 is smaller than the width at the end away from the injection grid 2. When the nozzle 8 of this embodiment sprays ammonia, a negative pressure zone is formed in the toothed groove, which can enhance the mixing of ammonia and flue gas, and make the mixing of ammonia and flue gas in the intermediate gas chamber 5 more uniform.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment includes a flue gas disturbance plate 9, which is disposed within the intermediate gas chamber 5. In this embodiment, a support beam is fixed between the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106. The support beam can be made of I-beams, and its front and rear ends are welded and fixed to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. There are multiple flue gas disturbance plates 9, which are evenly spaced on the support beam along the front-rear direction. The bottom of the flue gas disturbance plate 9 is fixed to the support beam, and the support beam supports the flue gas disturbance plate 9 within the intermediate gas chamber 5. The flue gas disturbance plate 9 is opposite to the end of the nozzle 8 away from the ammonia injection grid 2. The ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle 8 is drawn into the flue gas flowing through the flue gas disturbance plate 9, and then bounces back after passing through the flue gas disturbance plate 9 to mix with the flue gas in the intermediate gas chamber 5. In this embodiment, the flue gas disturbance plate 9 is located directly below the ammonia injection grid 2, and the nozzles 8 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower part of the ammonia injection grid 2. After the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzles 8 on both sides of the ammonia injection grid 2 mixes with the flue gas, it is bounced and dispersed by the flue gas disturbance plate 9 and flows evenly into the denitrification chamber 6. Example 2

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system of this embodiment includes a shell 1 and an ammonia injection grid 2. The shell 1 has the same structure as the shell 1 in Embodiment 1. The shell 1 is divided by a partition into at least an inlet chamber 3, a desulfurization chamber 4, an intermediate gas chamber 5, a denitrification chamber 6, and an outlet chamber 7 that are connected in sequence. The distribution of the inlet chamber 3, desulfurization chamber 4, intermediate gas chamber 5, denitrification chamber 6, and outlet chamber 7 within the shell 1 is also the same as in Embodiment 1. The ammonia injection grid 2 extends into the intermediate gas chamber 5 and is provided with several nozzles 8. The structure of the ammonia injection grid 2 and the structure of the nozzles 8 are the same as in Embodiment 1. The nozzles 8 are used to inject ammonia gas into the intermediate gas chamber 5. The desulfurization chamber 4 and the denitrification chamber 6 are provided with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification, wherein the catalysts are also activated carbon. The denitrification chamber 6 and the desulfurization chamber 4 are located in the middle. On the same side of the intermediate gas chamber 5, and below the desulfurization chamber 4, the desulfurization chamber 4 is connected to the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber 5, and the denitrification chamber 6 is connected to the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber 5. A mixing distributor 10 is provided above the ammonia injection grid 2 in the intermediate gas chamber 5. The mixing distributor 10 consists of a converging area 11, a channel area 12, and a flaring area 13 from bottom to top. The width of the converging area 11 and the flaring area 13 at the ends away from each other is greater than the width at the ends close to each other. The widths of the converging area 11 and the flaring area 13 at the ends facing each other are equal and equal to the width of the channel area 12. In this embodiment, a turbulence element is provided in the channel area 12. The turbulence element can be a static mixing element such as a vortex or swirl of various shapes, or a perforated plate or baffle plate, etc., to form turbulent mixing, which can further enhance the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the mixing distributor 10 in this embodiment includes two upper baffles 14, two lower baffles 15, and two intermediate baffles 16. The two upper baffles 14 are respectively a first upper baffle 14a and a second upper baffle 14b, forming a flared area 13 between the first upper baffle 14a and the second upper baffle 14b. The two lower baffles 15 are respectively a first lower baffle 15a and a second lower baffle 15b, forming a constricted area 11 between the first lower baffle 15a and the second lower baffle 15b. The two intermediate baffles 16 are respectively a first intermediate baffle 16a and a second intermediate baffle 16b, forming a channel area 12 between the first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b. The first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b are vertically arranged. Both ends of the first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106 at both ends of the intermediate air chamber 5. The bottom end of the first upper baffle 14a is sealed to the top end of the first intermediate baffle 16a, and the front and rear ends of the first upper baffle 14a are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. The bottom end of the second upper baffle 14b is sealed to the top end of the second intermediate baffle 16b, and the front and rear ends of the second upper baffle 14b are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. The top end of the first lower baffle 15a is sealed to the bottom end of the first intermediate baffle 16a, and the front and rear ends of the first lower baffle 15a are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. The bottom end of the second lower baffle 15b is sealed to the top end of the second intermediate baffle 16b. The front and rear ends of the second lower baffle 15b are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. The distance between the bottom of the first upper baffle 14a and the second upper baffle 14b is less than the distance between their top ends, and the distance between the top ends of the first lower baffle 15a and the second lower baffle 15b is less than the distance between their bottom ends. The flue gas, after being desulfurized by the activated carbon adsorption in the desulfurization chamber 4, enters the intermediate gas chamber 5. After mixing with the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle 8 at the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber 5, the mixed gas of flue gas and ammonia gas flows upward from the constriction area 11 between the first lower baffle 15a and the second lower baffle 15b, successively flowing from the first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b. The flue gas passes through the channel area 12 and the flared area 13 between the first upper baffle 14a and the second upper baffle 14b, enters the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber 5, and passes through the upper left louvered grille 108a to enter the denitrification chamber 6. When the flue gas and ammonia gas pass through the denitrification chamber 6, they are denitrified by the activated carbon in the denitrification chamber 6, and then enter the outlet chamber 7 through the upper right louvered grille 108b and are discharged from the outlet chamber 7. In this embodiment, the distance between the first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b is 100-1000mm, the height of the first intermediate baffle 16a and the second intermediate baffle 16b is 100-2000mm, and the total pressure drop in the channel area 12 is ≤600Pa.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, a first upper partition 17 is provided at the bottom of the denitrification chamber 6, and a first lower partition 18 is provided at the top of the desulfurization chamber 4. The top end of the second upper baffle 14b is sealed to the first upper partition 17, and the bottom end of the second lower baffle 15b is sealed to the first lower partition 18. The space between the first upper partition 17 and the first lower partition 18 is a transition chamber 20, which can be filled with activated carbon. In this embodiment, the top and bottom ends of the left side plate 109a of the transition chamber 20 are fixedly connected to the left ends of the first upper partition 17 and the first lower partition 18, respectively. The right side plate 109b of the transition chamber is located between the left side plate 109a and the right side plate 104, and the upper and lower ends of the right side plate 109b are fixedly connected to the right ends of the first upper partition 17 and the first lower partition 18, respectively. In this embodiment, the upper left louvered grille 108a... The upper right louvered grille 108b, lower left louvered grille 107a, lower right louvered grille 107b, left side plate 109a of the transition chamber, and right side plate 109b of the transition chamber are all fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106 at their respective ends. In this embodiment, a second upper partition plate 21 and a second lower partition plate 22 are provided. The left end of the second upper partition plate 21 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first upper partition plate 17, and the left end of the second lower partition plate 22 is fixedly connected to the right end of the first lower partition plate 18. The right ends of the second upper partition plate 21 and the second lower partition plate 22 are both fixedly connected to the right side plate 104. In this embodiment, the right side plate 109b of the transition chamber, the second upper partition plate 21, the second lower partition plate 22, and the right side plate 104 form a cavity 23, which separates the air inlet chamber 3 and the air outlet chamber 7. The structure of the nozzle 8 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. For details, please refer to Embodiment 1. This embodiment will not be described in detail. Example 3

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system of this embodiment includes a shell 1 and an ammonia injection grid 2. The shell 1 has the same structure as the shell 1 in Embodiment 1. The shell 1 is divided by a partition into an inlet chamber 3, a desulfurization chamber 4, an intermediate gas chamber 5, a denitrification chamber 6, and an outlet chamber 7 that are connected in sequence. The distribution of the inlet chamber 3, desulfurization chamber 4, intermediate gas chamber 5, denitrification chamber 6, and outlet chamber 7 within the shell 1 is also the same as in Embodiment 1. The ammonia injection grid 2 extends into the intermediate gas chamber 5 and is provided with several nozzles 8 for injecting ammonia gas into the intermediate gas chamber 5. The desulfurization chamber 4 and the denitrification chamber 6 are provided with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification, which are activated carbon. The denitrification chamber 6 and the desulfurization chamber 4 are located on the same side of the intermediate gas chamber 5, and the desulfurization chamber 4 is located below the denitrification chamber 6. In this embodiment, multiple guide plates 19 are provided in the intermediate gas chamber 5 above the ammonia injection grid 2. The guide plates 19 are spaced apart, and the upper ends of all the guide plates 19 are inclined towards the denitrification chamber 6. The distance between the lower ends of two adjacent guide plates 19 is smaller than the distance between the upper ends. The front and rear ends of the guide plates 19 are fixedly connected to the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106, respectively. The guide plates 19 are supported in the outer shell 1 by the front side plate 105 and the rear side plate 106. After the flue gas is desulfurized, it mixes with ammonia in the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber 5 and flows upward to the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber 5 through the channel between two adjacent guide plates 19. Due to the setting of the guide plates 19, the distribution of the flue gas and ammonia mixture in the denitrification chamber 6 is more uniform, and the gas distribution entering the denitrification chamber 6 from the top and bottom is more uniform. In this embodiment, the guide plates 19 that are farther away from the denitrification chamber 6 can be set to be longer. The structure of the nozzle 8 in this embodiment is the same as that in embodiment 1. For details, please refer to embodiment 1. This embodiment will not be described in detail. Example 4

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system of this embodiment includes an outer shell 1 and an ammonia injection grid 2. The outer shell 1 is divided by a partition into at least one sequentially connected chamber: an inlet chamber 3, a desulfurization chamber 4, an intermediate chamber 5, a denitrification chamber 6, and an outlet chamber 7. The ammonia injection grid 2 extends into the intermediate chamber 5 and is equipped with several nozzles 8 for injecting ammonia gas into the intermediate chamber 5. The desulfurization chamber 4 and the denitrification chamber 6 contain catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber 6 is located on the same side of the intermediate chamber 5 as the desulfurization chamber 4, and the desulfurization chamber 4 is located below the denitrification chamber 6. In this embodiment, the structure of the outer shell 1 and the distribution of the inlet chamber 3, desulfurization chamber 4, intermediate chamber 5, denitrification chamber 6, and outlet chamber 7 within the outer shell 1 are the same as in Embodiment 1. The structure of the nozzles 8 is the same as in Embodiment 1, and a flue gas disturbance plate 9, identical to that in Embodiment 1, is provided below the nozzles 8. A mixing distributor 10 is arranged above the ammonia injection grid 2 in the intermediate gas chamber 5. The mixing distributor 10 consists of a converging area 11, a channel area 12, and a flaring area 13 from bottom to top. The width of the converging area 11 and the flaring area 13 at their ends away from each other is greater than the width at their ends close to each other. The widths of the converging area 11 and the flaring area 13 at their opposite ends are equal and equal to the width of the channel area 12. In this embodiment, the structure of the mixing distributor 10 is the same as in embodiment 2. Multiple guide plates 19 are arranged in the flaring area 13 of the mixing distributor 10. The guide plates 19 are spaced apart. The top of the guide plates 19 is inclined towards the denitrification chamber 6, and the distance between the tops of two adjacent guide plates 19 is greater than the distance between their bottoms. In this embodiment, the structure of the guide plates 19 is the same as in embodiment 3. The difference is that the guide plates 19 in this embodiment are arranged in the flaring area 13 of the mixing distributor 10.

[0041] This invention not only solves the gas mixing problem but also addresses the flow field distribution optimization problem. The mixing distributor 10 is located in the middle of the intermediate gas chamber 5, at a similar height to the transition chamber 20 between the desulfurization chamber 4 and the denitrification chamber 6, cleverly utilizing the internal space of the integrated reactor. The mixing distributor 10, located in the middle of the intermediate gas chamber 5, has a flow guiding function; the flue gas exiting the desulfurization chamber 4 must be guided and converged through the channel of the mixing distributor 10 before entering the denitrification chamber 6, solving the existing flue gas flow deviation problem. The mixing distributor 10 is structured into three parts: a constriction zone 11, a channel zone 12, and a flaring zone 13, which can generate a Venturi effect, increasing the flue gas turbulence intensity and effectively enhancing the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas. The channels within the mixing distributor 10 are equipped with turbulence-inducing elements, including various shapes of vortex and swirl static mixing elements, as well as orifice plates and baffles, forming turbulent mixing, which can further enhance the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas. A guide plate 19 is installed in the flared area 13 of the mixing distributor 10 to uniformly discharge the flue gas and ensure that the mixed flue gas is evenly distributed in the flow field at the inlet section of the denitrification chamber 6. The ammonia injection turbulence system composed of the ammonia injection grid 2 and the flue gas disturbance plate 9 is arranged in the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber 5, below the constriction area 11 of the mixing distributor 10, to ensure the distance required for the mixing of flue gas and ammonia. This utility model uses a nozzle 8 instead of the nozzle pipe in the prior art. The non-circular cross-sectional shape of the inner surface of the nozzle 8 allows the ammonia gas ejected to be better turbulent, disturbed, and mixed with the flue gas at the nozzle 8 outlet after swirling. The nozzle 8 can be connected to the ammonia injection grid 2 by thread, flange, or welding, which can facilitate disassembly and assembly as well as installation and processing. The inner contour shape of the nozzle 8 can be gear-shaped, circular, or elliptical, and the structural dimensions are matched according to different ammonia gas volumes and related parameters. After the ammonia gas is ejected from the nozzle 8, a strong vortex is generated near the nozzle 8 outlet to entrain the surrounding flue gas, enhancing the mixing effect of ammonia gas and flue gas. Nozzle 8 is oriented downwards or at an angle downwards to enhance the mixing effect of ammonia and flue gas. A flue gas disturbance plate 9 is positioned below nozzle 8 to guide the flue gas towards and concentrate it at nozzle 8. The flue gas disturbance plate 9 is V-shaped with an angle of 90°≤∠θ≤180°, and its width T is 0-500mm. The number and spacing of nozzles 8 must be matched according to the actual dimensions of the reactor.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified in the above description, all parts are existing technology or can be implemented using existing technology. Furthermore, the specific embodiments described in this utility model are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of this utility model patent should be considered within the technical scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system, comprising a shell and an ammonia injection grid, characterized in that: The outer shell is divided into at least one sequentially connected air inlet chamber, desulfurization chamber, intermediate gas chamber, denitrification chamber, and outlet chamber by a partition. The ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate gas chamber and is equipped with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate gas chamber. The desulfurization and denitrification chambers are equipped with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The outer surface of the nozzle is a conical surface. The section perpendicular to the center line of the outer surface of the nozzle is defined as section A. The inner rim of the nozzle on section A is non-circular and gradually increases from the end connected to the ammonia injection grid to the other end.

2. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a flue gas disturbance plate, which is set in the intermediate gas chamber and is opposite to the end of the nozzle away from the ammonia injection grid. After the ammonia gas sprayed from the nozzle mixes with the flue gas, it passes through the flue gas disturbance plate and flows evenly toward the denitrification chamber.

3. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two ends of the flue gas disturbance plate are inclined towards the direction of the ammonia injection grid, and the nozzles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ammonia injection grid facing the flue gas disturbance plate.

4. An integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system, comprising a shell and an ammonia injection grid, characterized in that: The outer shell is divided by a partition into at least an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate gas chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber, which are connected in sequence. An ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate gas chamber and is equipped with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate gas chamber. The desulfurization and denitrification chambers are equipped with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber and the desulfurization chamber are located on the same side of the intermediate gas chamber, and the desulfurization chamber is located below the denitrification chamber. A mixing and distributing device is installed in the intermediate gas chamber above the ammonia injection grid. The mixing and distributing device consists of a constriction zone, a channel zone, and a flaring zone from bottom to top. The width of the constriction zone and the flaring zone at the ends away from each other is greater than the width at the ends close to each other. The width of the constriction zone and the flaring zone at the ends facing each other is equal to the width of the channel zone.

5. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Aerodynamic elements are installed in the channel area.

6. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixing distributor includes two upper baffles, two lower baffles, and two intermediate baffles. The two intermediate baffles are vertically arranged, with both ends fixedly connected to the two ends of the intermediate gas chamber. The bottom ends of the two upper baffles are sealed to the top ends of the two intermediate baffles, and the distance between the bottom ends of the two upper baffles is less than the distance between their top ends. The top ends of the two lower baffles are sealed to the bottom ends of the two intermediate baffles, and the distance between the top ends of the two lower baffles is less than the distance between their bottom ends. After desulfurization, the flue gas mixes with ammonia in the lower part of the intermediate gas chamber, and then enters the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber from the two lower baffles, passing between the two intermediate baffles and between the two upper baffles. Finally, it enters the denitrification chamber from the upper part of the intermediate gas chamber.

7. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first upper baffle is provided at the bottom of the denitrification chamber, and a first lower baffle is provided at the top of the desulfurization chamber. The top of the upper baffle located on one side of the denitrification chamber is sealed to the first upper baffle, and the bottom of the lower baffle located on one side of the desulfurization chamber is sealed to the first lower baffle.

8. An integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system, comprising a shell and an ammonia injection grid, characterized in that: The outer shell is divided into at least one sequentially connected chamber: an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber by a partition. An ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate chamber and is equipped with several nozzles for injecting ammonia into the intermediate chamber. The desulfurization and denitrification chambers are equipped with catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification. The denitrification chamber is located on the same side of the intermediate chamber as the desulfurization chamber, and the desulfurization chamber is located below the denitrification chamber. Multiple guide plates are arranged above the ammonia injection grid in the intermediate chamber. The guide plates are spaced apart, and the upper end of the guide plates is inclined towards the denitrification chamber. The distance between the lower ends of two adjacent guide plates is smaller than the distance between their upper ends. After desulfurization, the flue gas mixes with ammonia in the lower part of the intermediate chamber and flows upward to the upper part of the intermediate chamber through the channel between two adjacent guide plates.

9. An integrated ammonia injection mixing system for desulfurization and denitrification, comprising a shell and an ammonia injection grid, wherein the shell is divided by a partition into at least an inlet chamber, a desulfurization chamber, an intermediate gas chamber, a denitrification chamber, and an outlet chamber that are connected in sequence; the ammonia injection grid extends into the intermediate gas chamber and is provided with a plurality of nozzles for injecting ammonia gas into the intermediate gas chamber; and catalysts for desulfurization and denitrification are provided in the desulfurization chamber and the denitrification chamber, characterized in that: The denitrification chamber and the desulfurization chamber are located on the same side of the intermediate gas chamber, with the desulfurization chamber located below the denitrification chamber. A mixing distributor is installed above the ammonia injection grid in the intermediate gas chamber. The mixing distributor consists of a converging zone, a channel zone, and a flaring zone from bottom to top. The width of the converging zone and the flaring zone at their opposite ends is greater than the width at their opposite ends. The width of the converging zone and the flaring zone at their opposite ends is equal to the width of the channel zone. Multiple guide plates are installed in the flaring zone of the mixing distributor. The guide plates are spaced apart, with the tops of the guide plates inclined towards the denitrification chamber. The distance between the tops of two adjacent guide plates is greater than the distance between their bottoms.

10. The integrated desulfurization and denitrification ammonia injection mixing system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The nozzle is located at the bottom of the ammonia injection grid and sprays ammonia gas downwards into the intermediate gas chamber.

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