A drill-mill combined cutter

Abstract

This utility model discloses a drilling and milling composite tool, including a shank, a cutting edge, and a drill tip. The cutting edge is provided with a helical main chip removal groove and a blade, with a helical guide edge on the blade. The drill tip includes a chisel edge, a drill tip cutting edge, and a flank face. The chisel edge is connected to the chip removal groove cutting edge, which is in contact with the drill tip main cutting edge, which is connected to the guide edge. The outer surface of the blade is provided with a helical secondary chip removal groove and a peripheral cutting edge. During hole machining, the chisel edge contacts the workpiece first, followed by the chip removal groove cutting edge cutting in to remove a small amount of material, while the drill tip cutting edge undertakes the main cutting task, removing most of the material. The peripheral cutting edge is higher than the guide edge, allowing for finishing of the hole wall, reducing surface roughness, and eliminating machining defects. The secondary chip removal groove ensures smooth chip removal. In side milling finishing, the peripheral cutting edge is located at the outermost diameter and equipped with a secondary chip removal groove, enabling efficient material removal and meeting the requirements of side milling finishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of machining technology, specifically relating to a drilling and milling composite tool. Background Technology

[0002] Hole machining quality plays a crucial role in mechanical manufacturing, directly affecting the performance and assembly accuracy of parts. Inferior hole machining can lead to various production anomalies: firstly, it causes a surge in the coefficient of friction in mating parts (such as shaft and bearing holes), accelerating wear and shortening service life; secondly, defects such as hole wall cracks and burrs easily form stress concentration sources, significantly weakening the fatigue resistance of parts; it also affects the adhesion of sealing materials, reducing sealing reliability; and it can even cause part misalignment during assembly due to defects such as chipping and burrs. To address these problems, this invention innovatively employs a collaborative machining technology using a chip groove cutting edge, a drill tip cutting edge, a guide edge, and a peripheral cutting edge: the chip groove cutting edge and the drill tip cutting edge undertake the main material removal task, the guide edge provides guidance, and the peripheral cutting edge is specifically used for precision finishing of the hole wall. This achieves the precision of hole finishing while effectively eliminating machining defects such as burrs and chipping, systematically improving the quality of hole wall machining. Furthermore, due to the unique design of the cutting edges, the same tool can be used for side milling, reducing tool change time and further improving machining efficiency and accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a drilling and milling composite tool to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a drilling and milling composite tool, comprising a shank, a cutting edge, and a drill tip located at one end of the cutting edge. The cutting edge is provided with a spiral-shaped main chip removal groove and a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is provided with a spiral-shaped guide edge. The drill tip includes a chisel edge, a drill tip cutting edge, and a flank face. The chisel edge is connected to the chip removal groove cutting edge, the chip removal groove cutting edge is connected to the main cutting edge of the drill tip, and the main cutting edge of the drill tip is connected to the guide edge. The outer surface of the cutting edge is provided with a spiral-shaped secondary chip removal groove and a peripheral cutting edge formed by the secondary chip removal groove.

[0005] Preferably, the diameter D1 of the circle containing the guide blade is smaller than the diameter D2 of the circle containing the circumferential cutting blade.

[0006] Preferably, the diameter difference between diameter D1 and diameter D2 satisfies: (D2-D1) / D2 = 1% to 10%.

[0007] Preferably, the depth H of the secondary chip removal groove satisfies: H / D2 = 1% to 20%.

[0008] Preferably, the peripheral cutting edge has a rake face and a first flank face, and the rake angle A of the rake face is in the range of 0° to 20°.

[0009] Preferably, the first rear angle B of the first rear cutting face ranges from 1° to 20°.

[0010] Preferably, the peripheral cutting edge is further provided with a second flank face, and the second flank angle C of the second flank face is in the range of 15° to 30°.

[0011] Preferably, the helix angle of the cutting edge is the same as the helix angle of the guide edge, both ranging from 15° to 45°.

[0012] Preferably, the drill tip is provided with a chip groove and a chip groove cutting edge formed by the chip groove.

[0013] Preferably, the cutting edge is provided with two main chip removal grooves and two blade segments formed by the two main chip removal grooves.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] In the machining of the tool hole according to this invention, the chisel edge first contacts the workpiece. Under the downward feed action in the tool axis direction, when point E on the tool begins to contact the workpiece, the intersection of the chip flute cutting edge and the chisel edge begins to contact the workpiece, and the chip flute cutting edge then cuts into the workpiece, removing a small amount of material. As the feed continues, when point F on the tool begins to contact the workpiece, the drill tip cutting edge begins to contact the workpiece and undertakes the main cutting task, removing most of the workpiece material.

[0016] During the continuous downward feed of the tool, if the tool is not designed with a circumferential cutting edge, the guide edge only serves a guiding function to ensure the position, shape, and dimensional accuracy of the hole, without participating in material removal. However, the tool in this design is designed with a circumferential cutting edge, and the circumferential cutting edge is higher than the guide edge. When the tool rotates from the guide edge to the position of the circumferential cutting edge, the circumferential cutting edge begins to cut the remaining hole wall material. Since the distance between the circumferential cutting edge and the guide edge is extremely small, this process is equivalent to finishing the hole wall, which can significantly reduce the surface roughness of the hole wall and ensure the smoothness of the hole wall. At the same time, the circumferential cutting edge has cutting capability, which not only achieves the finishing accuracy of the hole, but also effectively eliminates machining defects such as burrs and chipping, systematically improving the machining quality of the hole wall. In addition, a secondary chip removal groove is also opened on the circumferential cutting edge, so that the chips generated during the hole finishing process can be smoothly discharged, avoiding chip scratches on the hole wall, thereby further ensuring the machining quality of the hole.

[0017] In side milling finishing, the cutting tool of this invention contacts the workpiece at its outermost diameter as the tool rotates. In this design, the outermost diameter is precisely the peripheral cutting edge. Furthermore, the peripheral cutting edge is equipped with a secondary chip removal groove, providing ample space for chip removal. With its powerful cutting capability, the peripheral cutting edge can efficiently remove material, thus meeting the side milling finishing requirements of the workpiece in other processes. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is the first perspective structural view of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is the second perspective structural view of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a utility model Figure 2 The cross-sectional structural view at point PP is labeled.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a utility model Figure 3 An enlarged structural view of the label S.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a structural view of the drill tip of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural view of the processing state of this utility model.

[0024] The diagram is labeled as follows: shank 1, cutting edge 2, drill tip 3, main chip flute 4, cutting edge 5, guide edge 6, chisel edge 7, main cutting edge of drill tip 8, flank face 9, chip flute cutting edge 10, secondary chip flute 12, peripheral cutting edge 13, rake face 14, first flank face 15, second flank face 16, chip flute 17. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] This utility model provides a drilling and milling composite tool, including a shank 1, a cutting edge 2, and a drill tip 3 located at one end of the cutting edge 2. The cutting edge 2 has a spiral-shaped main chip removal groove 4 and a cutting edge 5. The cutting edge 5 has a spiral-shaped guide edge 6. The drill tip 3 includes a chisel edge 7, a main cutting edge 8, and a flank face 9. The chisel edge 7 is connected to a chip removal groove cutting edge 10, which is connected to the main cutting edge 8. The main cutting edge 8 is connected to the guide edge 6. The outer surface of the cutting edge 5 has a spiral-shaped secondary chip removal groove 12 and a peripheral cutting edge 13 formed by the secondary chip removal groove 12. The diameter D1 of the circle containing the guide edge 6 is smaller than the diameter D2 of the circle containing the peripheral cutting edge 13. The diameter difference between D1 and D2 satisfies: (D2-D1) / D2 = 1%~10%. The depth H of the secondary chip removal groove 12 satisfies: H / D2 = 1%~20%. The peripheral cutting edge 13 has a rake face 14 and a first flank face 15. The rake angle A of the rake face 14 ranges from 0° to 20°. The first clearance angle B of the first flank face 15 ranges from 1° to 20°. The peripheral cutting edge 13 also has a second flank face 16, and the second clearance angle C of the second flank face 16 ranges from 15° to 30°. The helix angle of the cutting edge 2 is the same as that of the guide edge 6, both ranging from 15° to 45°. The drill tip 3 has a chip groove 17 and a chip groove cutting edge 18 formed by the chip groove 17. The cutting edge 2 has two main chip removal grooves 4 and two blades 5 formed by the two main chip removal grooves 4.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, during the machining of the tool hole in this utility model, the chisel edge 7 first contacts the workpiece. Under the downward feed action in the tool axis direction, when point E on the tool begins to contact the workpiece, the intersection of the chip groove cutting edge 10 and the chisel edge 7 begins to contact the workpiece, and the chip groove cutting edge 10 then cuts into the workpiece, removing a small amount of material. As the feed continues, when point F on the tool begins to contact the workpiece, the drill tip cutting edge begins to contact the workpiece and undertakes the main cutting task, removing most of the workpiece material.

[0029] During the continuous downward feed of the tool, if the tool is not designed with a circumferential cutting edge 13, the guide edge 6 only serves a guiding function to ensure the position, shape, and dimensional accuracy of the hole, without participating in material removal. However, the tool in this design is designed with a circumferential cutting edge 13, and the circumferential cutting edge 13 is higher than the guide edge 6. When the tool rotates from the guide edge 6 to the position of the circumferential cutting edge 13, the circumferential cutting edge 13 begins to cut the remaining hole wall material. Since the distance between the circumferential cutting edge 13 and the guide edge 6 is extremely small, this process is equivalent to finishing the hole wall, which can significantly reduce the surface roughness of the hole wall and ensure the smoothness of the hole wall. At the same time, the circumferential cutting edge 13 has cutting capability, which can not only achieve the finishing accuracy of the hole, but also effectively eliminate machining defects such as burrs and chipping, systematically improving the machining quality of the hole wall. In addition, a secondary chip removal groove 12 is also opened on the circumferential cutting edge, so that the chips generated during the finishing of the hole can be smoothly discharged, avoiding the chips from scratching the hole wall, thereby further ensuring the machining quality of the hole.

[0030] In side milling finishing, the cutting tool of this invention contacts the workpiece at its outermost diameter when the tool rotates. In this design, the outermost diameter is precisely the peripheral cutting edge 13. Furthermore, the peripheral cutting edge 13 is equipped with a secondary chip removal groove 12, providing ample space for chip removal. With its powerful cutting capability, the peripheral cutting edge 13 can efficiently remove material, thus meeting the side milling finishing requirements of the workpiece in other processes.

[0031] Example 2:

[0032] The drilling and milling composite tool of this embodiment adopts an integrated structural design and is made of high-performance cemented carbide material. The tool body includes a cylindrical shank 1, a multi-edged cutting section, and a drill tip 3 located at the end. The shank 1 is a standard tapered shank structure, used to connect with the machine tool spindle and transmit cutting torque. The cutting section extends axially, and its outer circumference is evenly distributed with multiple spiral main chip removal grooves 4, forming a blade structure 5 between adjacent main chip removal grooves 4. The outer edge of each blade 5 is provided with a continuously spirally extending guide edge 6, which plays a guiding and supporting role during the drilling process.

[0033] The drill tip 3 adopts a double-edged symmetrical design, with a short transverse cutting edge 7 at the center. Both ends of the transverse cutting edge 7 are connected to chip-receiving cutting edges 10. The chip-receiving cutting edges 10 extend linearly to the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip, which has an arc-shaped transition and smoothly connects to the guide edge 6. This continuous transition design of multiple cutting edges achieves a smooth transmission of cutting force. On the outer surface of the cutter disc 5, a secondary chip-removing groove 12 is formed along a helical direction. The depth of the secondary chip-removing groove 12 is less than that of the main chip-removing groove 4, and its leading edge forms a circumferential cutting edge 13. The cutting height of the circumferential cutting edge 13 is slightly higher than that of the guide edge 6, ensuring that the hole wall can be finished during drilling.

[0034] When the tool is working, the tip of the drill 3 first contacts the workpiece material. The chisel edge 7 plays a centering role, and the flute cutting edge 10 and the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip cut into the workpiece in sequence to complete the removal of the main material. The spiral main chip flute 4 discharges the chips upward along the flute body. As the drilling depth increases, the guiding edge 6 enters the hole to play a guiding role, and at the same time the peripheral cutting edge 13 starts to finish machining the hole wall. Since the cutting amount of the peripheral cutting edge 13 is very small, its main function is to trim the surface of the hole wall and remove the machining marks and burrs left by the previous process. The secondary chip flute 12 provides a discharge channel for the fine chips generated during the finishing process to avoid chip accumulation affecting the machining quality.

[0035] The special feature of this tool is that it integrates the functions of drilling and finishing into one. After drilling is completed, the hole wall can be directly finished without changing the tool, significantly improving the machining efficiency. The design of the peripheral cutting edge 13 enables the surface quality of the hole wall to meet the requirements of finishing, and at the same time effectively avoids common defects such as burrs and chipping in traditional drilling processes. The spiral chip flute structure of the tool ensures that chips can be smoothly discharged throughout the machining process, preventing chip blockage from affecting the machining accuracy.

[0036] In the side milling machining mode, when the tool rotates, the peripheral cutting edge 13 participates in the machining as the main cutting edge. The secondary chip flute 12 provides sufficient chip space for side milling machining to ensure that chips are discharged in time. This design enables the tool to not only complete high-quality hole machining but also be competent for side milling finishing tasks, achieving the function of multi-purpose use of one tool. The geometric parameters of each cutting edge of the tool have been optimized, maximizing the rigidity and durability of the tool while ensuring the cutting performance.

[0037] Example 3:

[0038] In this example, a design with a diameter difference between the guiding edge 6 and the peripheral cutting edge 13 is adopted to achieve precision hole machining. The tool body consists of a shank 1, a cutting part 2, and a tip of the drill 3. The cutting part 2 is provided with a spiral main chip flute 4 and a blade structure 5. The guiding edge 6 arranged on the outside of the blade 5 extends spirally, and the diameter D1 of the circle where the guiding edge 6 is located is smaller than the diameter D2 of the circle where the peripheral cutting edge 13 is located. This diameter difference design makes the tool form a stepped cutting effect during machining.

[0039] During the drilling operation, the chisel edge 7 of the tip of the drill 3 first contacts the surface of the workpiece. As the axial feed progresses, the flute cutting edge 10 starts to participate in material removal. When the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip is fully in the cutting state, the guiding edge 6 starts to play a positioning and guiding function. Due to the size relationship of D1 < D2, at this time the peripheral cutting edge 13 has not contacted the hole wall, ensuring the stability of the previous cutting process. When the tool feeds to the set depth, the peripheral cutting edge 13 with a larger diameter starts to contact the hole wall, and at this time the guiding edge 6 has formed a stable guiding channel.

[0040] When the peripheral cutting edge 13 performs finishing on the hole wall, the difference between its diameter D2 and the diameter D1 of the guide edge 6 forms a precise cutting allowance. This allowance design allows the peripheral cutting edge 13 to effectively remove trace amounts of residual material from the hole wall while avoiding vibration caused by excessive cutting. The helical direction of the secondary chip removal groove 12 forms a coordinated chip removal channel with the main chip removal groove 4, ensuring that fine chips generated during the finishing stage are removed in a timely manner.

[0041] In side milling mode, the peripheral cutting edge 13 directly participates in lateral cutting as the outermost cutting unit. Due to the structural feature that D2>D1, the guide edge 6 automatically avoids the workpiece during side milling, and only the peripheral cutting edge 13 completes material removal. The secondary chip removal groove 12 provides sufficient chip space under this condition, preventing chip accumulation from affecting machining quality. When the tool rotates, the diameter difference design makes the cutting force distribution more uniform, effectively suppressing the generation of machining vibration marks.

[0042] The diameter difference design in this embodiment creates an automatic finishing mechanism at the end of hole machining: while the guide blade 6 maintains the tool feed trajectory, the circumferential cutting blade 13 performs final machining on the hole wall using a micro-overcut method. This two-stage cutting system ensures both the positional accuracy of the hole and excellent surface quality. When machining high-precision mating holes, this structure can complete roughing and finishing in one go, avoiding positioning errors caused by tool changes in traditional processes.

[0043] In particular, the optimized design of the diameter difference allows the peripheral cutting edge 13 to make a progressive entry at the bottom corner of the hole, effectively preventing the formation of exit burrs. When machining through holes, the peripheral cutting edge 13 maintains a stable cutting state at the moment of penetration, and the cutting force buffering mechanism formed by the diameter difference significantly reduces the risk of edge chipping at the hole opening. This feature makes the tool particularly suitable for machining thin-walled parts and high-precision holes.

[0044] Example 4:

[0045] The tool in this embodiment adopts a diameter difference design, wherein the diameter D1 of the circle containing the guide edge 6 and the diameter D2 of the circle containing the peripheral cutting edge 13 satisfy a specific proportional relationship (D2-D1) / D2 = 1%~10%. This design achieves coordinated operation of roughing and finishing during hole machining by controlling the diameter difference between the two cutting edges.

[0046] In terms of tool structure, the guide edge 6 is set on the spiral main chip groove 4 on the outer side of the cutter disc 5, and its diameter D1 is slightly smaller than the diameter D2 of the peripheral cutting edge 13. This diameter difference design allows the tool to complete cutting tasks of different precision in stages during the machining process. When the tool is machining a hole, the smaller diameter guide edge 6 first contacts the workpiece and completes the initial positioning and guidance, and then the larger diameter peripheral cutting edge 13 performs finishing on the hole wall.

[0047] The core principle of this diameter difference design is that a diameter difference range of 1% to 10% ensures sufficient finishing allowance while avoiding excessive cutting force. Specifically, when the diameter difference is less than 1%, the finishing allowance of the peripheral cutting edge 13 is insufficient, making it difficult to effectively improve the hole wall quality; when the diameter difference exceeds 10%, the peripheral cutting edge 13 needs to remove too much material, which will lead to a sharp increase in cutting force, affecting machining accuracy and tool life.

[0048] During machining, the guide blade 6 first contacts the workpiece and completes the roughing positioning of the hole. Because the guide blade 6 has a relatively small diameter D1, its cutting force is relatively low, enabling it to stably guide the tool feed. Subsequently, the peripheral cutting blade 13 begins operation; its diameter D2 is 1% to 10% larger than that of the guide blade 6, and this difference forms an appropriate finishing allowance. By removing this allowance, the peripheral cutting blade 13 effectively eliminates defects such as burrs and chatter marks generated during roughing, significantly improving the surface quality of the hole wall.

[0049] This diameter difference design also optimizes the chip removal process. Due to the diameter difference between the two cutting edges, the resulting chip thickness exhibits a gradient change, which is beneficial for chip breakage and removal. The main chip removal groove 4 is responsible for removing chips generated by the guide edge 6, while the secondary chip removal groove 12 is specifically used to remove finishing chips generated by the peripheral cutting edge 13. The two do not interfere with each other, ensuring the stability of the machining process.

[0050] During side milling, the larger diameter peripheral cutting edge 13 serves as the primary cutting edge, and its 1% to 10% diameter advantage allows it to handle a greater amount of material removal. Simultaneously, the guide edge 6 provides necessary support and guidance for side milling, preventing tool wobble under lateral forces and ensuring machining accuracy.

[0051] This embodiment achieves the following technical effects by precisely controlling the diameter difference between the two cutting edges: First, staged cutting reduces the single cutting load and improves machining stability; second, the finishing allowance is moderate, ensuring surface quality without excessively increasing cutting force; finally, the optimized chip removal channel effectively avoids chip blockage and secondary scratches, comprehensively improving machining quality and efficiency.

[0052] Example 5:

[0053] In this embodiment, the ratio of the depth H of the secondary chip removal groove 12 to the diameter D2 of the peripheral cutting edge 13 is set to 1% to 20% to control the balance between chip removal space and cutting edge strength, thereby significantly improving the hole machining quality. During tool operation, the depth design of the secondary chip removal groove 12 directly affects the chip removal efficiency and the structural strength of the cutting edge. When the depth ratio is less than 1%, insufficient chip removal space will lead to chip accumulation, which can easily cause scratches on the hole wall; when the depth ratio exceeds 20%, although the chip removal capacity is enhanced, the rigidity of the cutting edge will be weakened, affecting machining accuracy.

[0054] The specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: During the cutting process, the secondary chip removal groove 12 and the main chip removal groove 4 form a cooperative chip removal system. The main chip removal groove 4 is responsible for removing the large amount of chips generated by the drill tip cutting edge, while the secondary chip removal groove 12 is specifically designed to handle the fine chips generated during the finishing process of the peripheral cutting edge 13. Since the cutting amount of the peripheral cutting edge 13 is relatively small, using a depth ratio of 1% to 20% can ensure the smooth removal of fine chips while maintaining sufficient structural strength of the cutting edge.

[0055] During hole machining, when the peripheral cutting edge 13 of the tool finishes the hole wall, the generated chips are discharged upward along the spiral path of the secondary chip removal groove 12. The secondary chip removal groove 12 of appropriate depth can form a stable chip flow channel, preventing chips from accumulating in the machining area. At the same time, this depth ratio ensures that the cutting edge has a sufficient cross-sectional area to withstand the cutting force, preventing vibration or deformation during finishing, thereby ensuring the surface quality of the hole wall.

[0056] In side milling mode, the depth design of the secondary chip removal groove 12 also plays an important role. Since the peripheral cutting edge 13 undertakes the main cutting task during side milling, a depth ratio of 1% to 20% can provide sufficient chip removal space while maintaining the rigidity of the cutting edge, ensuring the machining accuracy of the side-milled surface. The helical structure of the secondary chip removal groove 12 is matched with the tool rotation direction to form an effective chip removal mechanism, preventing chips from secondary cutting of the machining surface.

[0057] The setting of this depth ratio range also takes into account tool manufacturing process factors. During tool grinding, a depth ratio of 1% to 20% ensures the feasibility of machining the chip evacuation groove while controlling grinding stress, avoiding a decrease in tool strength due to excessive groove depth. Furthermore, this ratio range is suitable for machining various workpiece materials; by adjusting the specific depth value, the chip evacuation effect for different materials can be optimized.

[0058] The ratio of the depth of the secondary chip removal groove 12 to the diameter of the peripheral cutting edge 13 works synergistically with other structural features of the tool. The design of the guide edge 6 having a diameter D1 smaller than the diameter D2 of the peripheral cutting edge 13 allows the peripheral cutting edge 13 to precisely trim the hole wall. Meanwhile, the depth ratio of the secondary chip removal groove 12 ensures that this trimming process achieves ideal surface quality. Together, these two features constitute a key technical characteristic for improving hole machining accuracy.

[0059] Example 6:

[0060] In this embodiment, the peripheral cutting edge 13 has a rake face 14 and a first flank face 15, and the rake angle A of the rake face 14 ranges from 0° to 20°. In this embodiment, the rake face 14 of the peripheral cutting edge 13 adopts a specific angle design, and the cutting performance is optimized by controlling the rake angle parameter. The rake face 14 and the first flank face 15 together constitute the cutting geometry of the peripheral cutting edge 13, wherein the setting of the rake angle A directly affects the chip removal performance and cutting force distribution during the cutting process.

[0061] During the tool's operation, the rake face 14 serves as the primary surface through which chips flow, and its rake angle A determines the contact state between the chips and the rake face 14. When a 0° rake angle is used, the rake face 14 is perpendicular to the cutting direction, forming a right-angle cutting state. At this point, the cutting edge strength is at its maximum, but the chip removal resistance is relatively high. As the rake angle increases to 20°, the rake face 14 becomes inclined, reducing the contact area between the chips and the rake face 14, resulting in smoother chip removal. This angle range design ensures sufficient cutting edge strength while effectively reducing the generation of cutting heat.

[0062] The helical extension characteristic of the rake face 14 is consistent with the helical direction of the main chip removal groove 4. This continuous design ensures that chips can be smoothly discharged along the helical channel. During hole machining, after the rake face 14 of the peripheral cutting edge 13 contacts the hole wall material, the material undergoes plastic deformation under the extrusion action of the rake face 14, forming continuous chips. The reasonable setting of the rake angle A allows the chips to maintain an appropriate curl radius, preventing chips from clogging in the secondary chip removal groove 12.

[0063] The first flank face 15 intersects with the rake face 14 to form the cutting edge of the circumferential cutting edge 13, which precisely trims the hole wall during rotation. The value of the rake angle A also affects the sharpness of the cutting edge; a smaller rake angle makes the cutting edge more robust and durable, while a larger rake angle makes the cutting edge sharper. Adjusting the rake angle within the range of 0° to 20° can optimize cutting performance for different materials being machined (such as steel, cast iron, or aluminum alloys).

[0064] The secondary chip removal groove 12 and the rake face 14 form a continuous chip removal channel. When chips generated by the cutting of the rake face 14 enter the secondary chip removal groove 12, the size of the rake angle A affects the flow direction of the chips. A proper rake angle design can guide the chips upwards along the helical secondary chip removal groove 12, preventing chips from accumulating in the groove and causing secondary cutting. Especially when machining tough materials, an optimized rake angle A can effectively prevent long chips from entangled in the tool.

[0065] The design of this rake angle range also takes into account the needs of side milling. During side milling, the circumferential cutting edge 13 serves as the primary cutting edge, and the rake angle A of the rake face 14 directly affects the distribution of radial cutting force. A rake angle range of 0° to 20° ensures good surface finish while maintaining cutting stability. A larger rake angle reduces cutting force but decreases edge strength; this defined range strikes the optimal balance.

[0066] In actual machining, the rake angle A of the rake face 14 forms a gradient fit with the rake angles of the other cutting edges of the drill tip 3. The peripheral cutting edge 13, as the finishing edge, typically has a larger rake angle than the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip. This differentiated rake angle design clearly defines the roles of each cutting edge, enabling them to work together to complete the entire cutting process from roughing to finishing. By precisely controlling the rake angle parameters, the peripheral cutting edge 13 can effectively remove material during the hole wall finishing stage without generating excessive cutting resistance.

[0067] Example 7:

[0068] In this embodiment, the outer surface of the cutting edge 5 is provided with a spiral-shaped secondary chip removal groove 12 and a peripheral cutting edge 13. The first clearance angle B of the first flank face 15 ranges from 1° to 20°. This clearance angle design significantly improves the hole machining quality by optimizing the geometric parameters of the cutting edge.

[0069] In terms of tool structure, the drill tip 3 includes a chisel edge 7, a drill tip cutting edge, and a flank face 9. The chisel edge 7 is connected to the chip flute cutting edge 10, which in turn connects to the drill tip main cutting edge 8, which ultimately connects to the guide edge 6. This multi-stage cutting edge connection design enables the tool to remove material in stages during machining. When the tool begins machining, the chisel edge 7 first contacts the workpiece surface, then the chip flute cutting edge 10 cuts into the workpiece to remove a small amount of material, while the drill tip main cutting edge 8 undertakes the main cutting task.

[0070] The design of the first clearance angle B directly affects the sharpness and strength of the circumferential cutting edge 13. When the clearance angle ranges from 1° to 20°, the circumferential cutting edge 13 maintains both sufficient sharpness and good structural strength. During the cutting process, this angle effectively reduces friction between the flank face 9 and the machined surface, reduces cutting heat generation, and ensures that the cutting edge has sufficient support strength to prevent chipping. Especially when machining high-strength materials, this clearance angle design can significantly improve tool life.

[0071] The design of the peripheral cutting edge 13 is another key feature of this embodiment. The diameter of the circle containing this cutting edge is larger than the diameter of the circle containing the guide edge 6, enabling the peripheral cutting edge 13 to perform finishing on the hole wall. During the machining process, the guide edge 6 mainly serves as a guide, while the peripheral cutting edge 13 is responsible for removing residual material from the hole wall. Since the peripheral cutting edge 13 is slightly higher than the guide edge 6, its cutting amount is very small, equivalent to a finishing process on the hole wall, which greatly improves the surface quality of the hole wall.

[0072] The depth of the secondary chip removal groove 12 is controlled within the range of 1% to 20% of the diameter of the circumferential cutting edge 13. This design ensures smooth chip removal. During hole machining, if chips cannot be removed in time, they can easily scratch the machined surface. The chip removal groove design in this embodiment ensures both sufficient chip removal space and maintains the strength of the tool body structure. Especially in deep hole machining, good chip removal performance is crucial to ensuring machining quality.

[0073] The cutting tool exhibits excellent performance in actual machining. In the drilling process, the coordinated operation of multiple cutting edges achieves efficient material removal; in the finishing stage, the peripheral cutting edge 13 significantly improves surface finish by smoothing the hole wall. Simultaneously, the optimized clearance angle design ensures both cutting efficiency and extended tool life. This composite tool is particularly suitable for applications requiring high-precision hole machining, such as the processing of critical components in aerospace, precision instruments, and other fields.

[0074] Example 8:

[0075] This embodiment structurally comprises three main components: a shank 1, a cutting edge 2, and a drill tip 3. The cutting edge 2 is provided with a spiral-shaped main chip flute 4 and a blade 5 structure, with a spiral-shaped guide edge 6 on the blade 5. The drill tip 3 includes key cutting elements such as a chisel edge 7, a drill tip cutting edge, and a flank face 9. The chisel edge 7 is connected to the chip flute cutting edge 10, which in turn connects to the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip, ultimately forming a continuous transition between the main cutting edge 8 and the guide edge 6.

[0076] The tool features an innovative spiral-shaped secondary chip removal groove 12 on its outer surface. This structure forms the circumferential cutting edge 13 while also providing chip removal functionality. The diameter D1 of the circle containing the guide edge 6 is designed to be smaller than the diameter D2 of the circle containing the circumferential cutting edge 13. This dimensional relationship ensures that the circumferential cutting edge 13 can perform finishing on the hole wall. The ratio of the depth H of the secondary chip removal groove 12 to the diameter D2 of the circumferential cutting edge 13 is controlled within the range of 1% to 20%, ensuring sufficient chip removal space while maintaining the structural strength of the tool.

[0077] In this embodiment, a second clearance face 9 is provided on the peripheral cutting edge 13, and the second clearance angle C of the clearance face 9 is designed to be within the range of 15° to 30°. This angle range is set based on the following working principle: when the second clearance angle is less than 15°, the contact area between the clearance face 9 and the workpiece is too large, which will lead to increased cutting resistance and intensified frictional heat generation; while when the angle exceeds 30°, although the cutting resistance decreases, it will weaken the strength of the cutting edge and affect the tool life. By controlling the second clearance angle between 15° and 30°, the optimal balance between cutting performance and tool strength is achieved.

[0078] In the actual machining process, the tool is first positioned by the chisel edge 7, and then the chip flute cutting edge 10 and the drill tip cutting edge sequentially cut into the workpiece to remove the main material. As the tool continues to feed, the peripheral cutting edge 13 begins to finish the hole wall. Because the peripheral cutting edge 13 is higher than the guide edge 6 and has an optimized second clearance angle design, it can effectively smooth the hole wall surface and eliminate defects such as burrs and chipping generated during machining. The secondary chip flute 12 ensures the smooth discharge of chips during finishing, avoiding secondary damage to the machined surface by the chips.

[0079] This tool also performs excellently in side milling. The peripheral cutting edge 13, as the outermost cutting element of the tool, works in conjunction with the chip removal function of the secondary chip evacuation groove 12 to efficiently complete side milling finishing tasks. The optimized angle design of the second flank face 9 ensures both smooth cutting and sufficient cutting edge strength, enabling the tool to maintain stable performance under various machining conditions. Through this innovative design, this drilling-milling composite tool achieves a high degree of integration of drilling and milling functions, significantly improving machining efficiency and quality.

[0080] Example 9:

[0081] In this embodiment, the cutting edge 2 and the guide edge 6 adopt the same helix angle design, which is controlled within the range of 15° to 45°. This symmetrical helix angle configuration enables the tool to form a stable cutting force distribution during machining, effectively balancing axial and radial cutting forces. When the tool rotates and cuts into the workpiece, the symmetrical helical structure ensures that each cutting edge is subjected to force simultaneously and evenly, avoiding tool wobble caused by uneven force distribution, and significantly improving machining accuracy.

[0082] During the drilling stage, the consistent helix angle design creates a continuous helical channel between the main chip removal groove 4 and the guide edge 6. Chips generated during cutting are smoothly discharged along the helix angle direction, preventing chip accumulation and blockage in the chip removal groove. Especially when machining deep holes, this optimized chip removal path effectively reduces cutting heat buildup, preventing tool overheating or chipping caused by chip blockage. Simultaneously, the symmetrical helical structure allows cutting fluid to evenly cover all cutting edges, improving cooling and lubrication.

[0083] In side milling mode, the same helix angle ensures that the peripheral cutting edge 13 and the guide edge 6 form a continuous cutting surface. This design allows for a smooth transition of cutting forces during radial feed, avoiding vibrations caused by abrupt changes in the helix angle. The peripheral cutting edge 13 maintains a constant contact angle with the workpiece during rotation, ensuring a uniform feed per revolution and resulting in higher surface finish. The secondary chip removal groove 12 extends along the same helix angle, providing ample chip removal space for side milling.

[0084] When machining harder materials, a smaller helix angle enhances the rigidity of the cutting edge; when machining softer materials, a larger helix angle improves chip removal. This adjustable helix angle design allows the tool to adapt to the machining requirements of different materials, extending tool life while ensuring machining quality.

[0085] The unified design of the helix angles of the guide blade 6 and the cutting edge 2 simplifies the tool manufacturing process. During tool grinding, the main chip flute 4 and the guide blade 6 can be machined in one go using the same grinding wheel angle, ensuring consistent geometric accuracy. This symmetrical structure also facilitates dynamic balancing of the tool, keeping it stable during high-speed rotation and reducing the impact of vibration on machining accuracy.

[0086] Example 10:

[0087] In this embodiment, the drill tip 3 is provided with a chip groove 17 and a chip groove cutting edge 10 formed by the chip groove 17. The chip groove cutting edge 10 is connected to the chisel edge 7 and is in contact with the main cutting edge 8 of the drill tip. During the operation of the tool, the chip groove cutting edge 10 undertakes an important cutting function, and its special geometric design can effectively improve the chip removal performance during the cutting process.

[0088] The cutting principle of the chip-groove cutting edge 10 lies in its unique spatial curve structure. When the tool begins cutting, the chisel edge 7 first contacts the workpiece, and then the chip-groove cutting edge 10 begins to participate in the cutting. The cutting angle of the chip-groove cutting edge 10 is optimized to generate a stable cutting force when it enters the workpiece, while avoiding excessive radial force. This design helps maintain tool stability, reduces vibration, and thus improves machining accuracy.

[0089] The transition area between the chip flute cutting edge 10 and the drill tip main cutting edge 8 adopts a smooth connection design. This connection method ensures the continuous transmission of cutting force and avoids tool vibration or workpiece surface quality degradation caused by sudden changes in cutting force. During the cutting process, the chip flute cutting edge 10 is mainly responsible for removing material from the central area of ​​the workpiece, creating favorable conditions for the subsequent cutting of the drill tip main cutting edge 8.

[0090] The chip groove 17 is designed with the chip removal path in mind. The helix angle of the chip groove 17 matches that of the main chip removal groove 4, ensuring that chips generated during cutting can be smoothly discharged along the chip groove 17. This design effectively prevents chip clogging and reduces tool wear and surface finish degradation caused by chip accumulation.

[0091] The geometric parameters of the chip flute cutting edge 10 are precisely calculated to ensure an appropriate chip curl radius during cutting. This design helps control the shape and size of the chips, making them easier to remove and reducing chip scraping of the machined surface. The cutting angle and edge sharpness of the chip flute cutting edge 10 are optimized to extend tool life while ensuring cutting efficiency.

[0092] In the composite machining process, the chip flute cutting edge 10 works collaboratively with the drill tip main cutting edge 8, the guide edge 6, and the peripheral cutting edge 13. This multi-edge collaborative cutting method realizes an integrated process from roughing to finishing. The chip flute cutting edge 10 plays an important role in the initial cutting stage, creating good foundation conditions for subsequent finishing.

[0093] The design of the chip groove cutting edge 10 also considers the heat dissipation performance of the tool. Its geometry facilitates the conduction and dissipation of cutting heat, preventing the degradation of tool material properties caused by excessively high local temperatures. At the same time, the spatial structure of the chip groove 17 provides a channel for the effective delivery of cutting fluid, further improving the cooling and lubrication conditions of the cutting area.

[0094] This drilling and milling composite tool achieves high-efficiency material removal and excellent chip removal performance through the special design of the chip flute cutting edge 10. The synergistic cooperation between the chip flute cutting edge 10 and other cutting edges of the tool enables the tool to simultaneously meet the machining requirements of drilling and milling, significantly improving machining efficiency and machining quality.

[0095] Example 11:

[0096] The drilling and milling composite tool in this embodiment adopts a double-edged structure design. Two main chip-removing grooves 4 are symmetrically distributed at 180 degrees on the cutting edge 2, thus forming two identical cutting edges 5. Each cutting edge 5 has a spiral-shaped secondary chip-removing groove 12 on its outer surface, which, together with the main chip-removing grooves 4, forms a circumferential cutting edge 13. This double-edged symmetrical structure design effectively balances the radial force during the cutting process, improving the tool's machining stability.

[0097] During the tool's operation, the chisel edge 7 of the drill tip 3 first contacts the workpiece surface. As the axial feed proceeds, the chip flute cutting edge 10 begins to cut into the workpiece, removing a small amount of material. After the drill tip cutting edge contacts the workpiece, the drill tip cutting edges on both blades 5 simultaneously participate in the cutting, jointly undertaking the main material removal task. Due to the double-edge symmetrical design, the cutting force distribution is more uniform, effectively reducing tool vibration and improving machining accuracy.

[0098] As the tool continues to feed downwards, the guide edge 6 acts as a guide, ensuring the straightness and positional accuracy of the hole. Simultaneously, the peripheral cutting edge 13, located on the outer side of the tool disc 5, begins to finish the hole wall. Because the peripheral cutting edge 13 is higher than the guide edge 6 and symmetrically distributed on the two tool discs 5, it can uniformly finish the hole wall. This design significantly improves the surface quality of the hole wall, effectively eliminating machining defects such as burrs and chipping.

[0099] In terms of chip removal, the two main chip removal grooves 4 and the secondary chip removal groove 12 together form a complete chip removal channel. The chips generated during the cutting process can be smoothly discharged through the main chip removal grooves 4 and the secondary chip removal grooves 12 respectively, avoiding the impact of chip accumulation on the machining quality. Especially for the small chips generated during finishing, the secondary chip removal groove 12 provides additional chip removal space to prevent the chips from scratching the machined surface.

[0100] When side milling is required, the tool rotates to position the peripheral cutting edge 13 at the outermost ring. Due to the double-edged symmetrical design, the peripheral cutting edges 13 on the two blades 5 alternately participate in cutting, ensuring the continuity and stability of the cutting process. The secondary chip removal groove 12 provides ample chip removal space for side milling, ensuring machining quality. This design allows the tool to perform both drilling and side milling finishing tasks, achieving multi-purpose functionality.

[0101] The drilling and milling composite tool in this embodiment, through its double-edged symmetrical structure design, not only improves machining stability but also enhances chip removal capability. The two main chip removal grooves 4 and the corresponding blade 5 structure ensure a more balanced distribution of cutting force, while the dual arrangement of the peripheral cutting edges 13 guarantees the quality of hole wall finishing. This design significantly improves machining efficiency and service life while maintaining machining accuracy.

[0102] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0103] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and is not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of this utility model, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model, should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A drilling and milling composite tool, comprising a shank, a cutting edge, and a drill tip located at one end of the cutting edge, the cutting edge having a helical main chip flute and a cutting edge, the cutting edge having a helical guide edge, the drill tip comprising a chisel edge, a drill tip cutting edge, and a flank face, the chisel edge being connected to the chip flute cutting edge, the chip flute cutting edge being connected to the drill tip main cutting edge, and the drill tip main cutting edge being connected to the guide edge, characterized in that... The outer surface of the blade is spirally provided with a secondary chip removal groove and a peripheral cutting edge formed by the secondary chip removal groove.

2. The drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter D1 of the circle containing the guide edge is smaller than the diameter D2 of the circle containing the circumferential cutting edge.

3. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter difference between diameter D1 and diameter D2 satisfies: (D2-D1) / D2 = 1%~10%.

4. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The depth H of the secondary chip removal groove satisfies: H / D2 = 1% to 20%.

5. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peripheral cutting edge has a rake face and a first flank face, and the rake angle A of the rake face ranges from 0° to 20°.

6. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first clearance angle B of the first clearance face is in the range of 1° to 20°.

7. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The peripheral cutting edge is further provided with a second flank face, and the second flank angle C of the second flank face is in the range of 15° to 30°.

8. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The helix angle of the cutting edge is the same as that of the guide edge, both ranging from 15° to 45°.

9. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill tip is provided with a chip groove and a chip groove cutting edge formed by the chip groove.

10. A drilling and milling composite tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edge is provided with two main chip removal grooves and two blade segments formed by the two main chip removal grooves.

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