Four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing device

Abstract

A four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding molten electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus includes: a nozzle fixing mechanism, a pair of wire feeding mechanisms and a pair of powder feeding mechanisms symmetrically arranged thereon, and an arc generating mechanism located at the center of the nozzle fixing mechanism. The arc generating mechanism, wire feeding mechanism, and powder feeding mechanism are connected by a fixed pressing mechanism. This invention can improve the deposition efficiency of the deposited layer, reduce the heat input of the molten electrode arc, the dilution rate of the deposited layer, and the thermal stress deformation of the component. While achieving additive manufacturing shape control, it can also widely regulate the alloy composition through the distribution of the four wire and powder feeding channels, compensating for alloy element burn-off. It can also design and manufacture gradient material components according to specific component requirements, achieving additive manufacturing property control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a technology in the field of electric arc additive manufacturing, specifically a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode electric arc additive manufacturing device. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing urgency in my country's defense science and technology and manufacturing sectors for the multi-material and high-efficiency manufacturing of complex components, the relatively mature single-wire electric arc additive manufacturing technology can no longer meet industry demands. Furthermore, the traditional electric arc additive manufacturing process faces challenges such as oxidation, evaporation, and burn-off of alloying elements in the additive components. Simultaneously, excessive arc heat input can easily cause significant residual stress and deformation in the entire component, ultimately leading to a failure to meet the requirements for composition, microstructure, and performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot achieve coaxial feeding of wire and powder and cannot realize particle-reinforced arc additive manufacturing of metal components. It proposes a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding molten electrode arc additive manufacturing device, which can improve the deposition efficiency of the deposited layer, reduce the heat input of the molten electrode arc, the dilution rate of the deposited layer, and the thermal stress deformation of the component. While achieving additive shape control, the alloy composition can be adjusted over a wide range through the distribution of the four wire and powder feeding channels to compensate for the burning loss of alloy elements. It can also design and manufacture gradient material components according to specific component requirements, thus achieving additive property control.

[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model relates to a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing device, comprising: a nozzle fixing mechanism, a pair of wire feeding mechanisms and a pair of powder feeding mechanisms symmetrically arranged thereon, and an arc generating mechanism located at the center of the nozzle fixing mechanism, wherein the arc generating mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the powder feeding mechanism are connected by a fixed pressing mechanism.

[0006] The pair of wire feeding mechanisms are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the arc generating mechanism, and powder feeding mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the wire feeding mechanisms.

[0007] The powder feeding mechanism includes: a powder feeding hose, a converter head, and a powder feeding needle connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the powder feeding hose is inserted into the upper end of the converter head, and the lower end of the converter head is threadedly connected to the upper end of the powder feeding needle.

[0008] The wire feeding mechanism includes: a wire guide tube, a wire guide nozzle, and an auxiliary wire connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the wire guide tube and the wire guide nozzle are threadedly connected, and the auxiliary wire passes through the wire guide tube and the wire guide nozzle in sequence.

[0009] The fixed pressing mechanism is an integrated disc structure. The center of the integrated disc structure is provided with a welding gun fixing hole, and four wire tube fixing holes are evenly arranged around the periphery. The welding gun fixing hole is used to fix the upper end of the nozzle fixing mechanism, and the wire tube fixing hole is used to fix the clamping wire guide tube and the powder feeding hose.

[0010] The arc generating mechanism includes: a built-in shunt, an insulating nozzle base, an external shunt, a conductive nozzle, and an arc main wire connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the built-in shunt is threadedly connected to the insulating nozzle base, the external shunt, and the conductive nozzle in sequence, and the arc main wire is used to form a melting electrode arc through the arc generating mechanism.

[0011] The nozzle fixing mechanism is an integrated shell structure, with an elongated hole and a gradient inner hole arranged sequentially inside, and four wire tube fixing platforms and wire tube limiting holes located inside the wire tube fixing platforms on the outside.

[0012] Technical effect

[0013] 1. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing device of this utility model includes an arc generating mechanism, a wire feeding mechanism, a powder feeding mechanism, a fixed pressing mechanism, and a nozzle fixing mechanism. Except for the fixed pressing mechanism and the nozzle fixing mechanism, which are integrated molding designs, the others are composed of detachable parts, which enables timely replacement of consumable parts and ensures low cost and long service life of the device.

[0014] 2. The extension lines of the main arc wire, the auxiliary wire, and the powder feeding needle converge at one point. During welding, the main arc wire and the substrate generate an arc, which simultaneously melts the main welding wire, the auxiliary wire, the alloy powder, and the substrate, effectively ensuring the metallurgical quality of the substrate and the deposited layer. The arc heat generated by the main wire is mainly used for melting the main welding wire, the auxiliary wire, and the alloy powder, greatly reducing the dilution rate of the deposited layer.

[0015] 3. In the process of molten electrode arc additive manufacturing, two wire feeding paths and two powder feeding paths extend to the arc from different directions at the same angle, which effectively reduces the offset of the deposited layer and the anisotropy of the microstructure and properties, and realizes coaxial wire and powder feeding and in-situ alloying control of additive manufacturing.

[0016] 4. In this utility model, the nozzle fixing mechanism and the arc generating mechanism are connected and insulated through an insulated nozzle base, which effectively avoids short circuits between the main wire of the melting electrode arc and the bypass auxiliary wire, ensuring arc stability. In addition, the reasonable design of the gradient inner hole of the nozzle fixing mechanism effectively ensures gas protection for the metallurgical reaction of alloy powder in the molten pool. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2Image (a) is a front view of a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding molten electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus. Figure 2 (b) is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction shown in (a);

[0019] Figure 3 Image (a) is a right view of a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding molten electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus. Figure 3 (b) is Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction shown in (a);

[0020] Figure 4 Image (a) is a top view of a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding molten electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus. Figure 4 (b) is a bottom view of a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing device;

[0021] Figure 5 Image (a) is the front view of the arc generating mechanism. Figure 5 (b) is Figure 5 A cross-sectional view along the CC direction shown in (a);

[0022] Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of the fixed tablet compression mechanism. Figure 6 (b) is Figure 6 The top view shown in (a) is shown in the middle.

[0023] Figure 7 Image (a) is the front view of the nozzle fixing mechanism. Figure 7 (b) is Figure 7 Cross-sectional view along the DD direction shown in (a);

[0024] Figure 8 (a) is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure and orientation of the arc generating mechanism, wire feeding mechanism, and powder feeding mechanism. Figure 8 (b) is Figure 8 A 5x magnified view of region E shown in (a);

[0025] In the diagram: 1 Arc generating mechanism, 1-1 Built-in shunt, 1-2 Insulating nozzle base, 1-3 External shunt, 1-4 Conductive nozzle, 1-5 Arc main wire, 2 Wire feeding mechanism, 2-1 Wire guide tube, 2-2 Wire guide nozzle, 2-3 Auxiliary wire, 3 Powder feeding mechanism, 3-1 Powder feeding hose, 3-2 Converter head, 3-3 Powder feeding needle, 4 Fixed pressing mechanism, 4-1 Welding gun fixing hole, 4-2 Wire tube fixing hole, 5 Nozzle fixing mechanism, 5-1 Long strip hole, 5-2 Gradient inner hole, 5-3 Wire tube fixing platform, 5-4 Wire tube limiting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment relates to a four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus, including: a nozzle fixing mechanism 5, a pair of wire feeding mechanisms 2 and a pair of powder feeding mechanisms 3 symmetrically arranged thereon, and an arc generating mechanism 1 located at the center of the nozzle fixing mechanism 5, wherein: the arc generating mechanism 1, the wire feeding mechanism 2 and the powder feeding mechanism 3 are connected by a fixing pressing mechanism 4.

[0027] The pair of wire feeding mechanisms 2 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the arc generating mechanism 1, and powder feeding mechanisms 3 are arranged on both sides of the wire feeding mechanism 2.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the powder feeding mechanism 3 is used for bypassing homogeneous or heterogeneous materials to assist in powder feeding and component control. The powder feeding mechanism 3 includes: a powder feeding hose 3-1, a conversion head 3-2, and a powder feeding needle 3-3 connected coaxially in sequence. The powder feeding hose 3-1 is inserted into the upper end of the conversion head 3-2, and the lower end of the conversion head 3-2 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the powder feeding needle 3-3.

[0029] The powder delivery hose 3-1 is made of a flexible PU tube.

[0030] The aforementioned adapter 3-2 is a quick-connect straight-through air hose with excellent sealing properties.

[0031] The powder feeding needle 3-3 is made of copper material with excellent heat dissipation, and the inner diameter of the powder feeding needle 3-3 can be selected from 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the wire feeding mechanism 2 is used to bypass homogeneous or heterogeneous materials to assist in wire filling and composition control. The wire feeding mechanism 2 includes: a wire guide tube 2-1, a wire guide nozzle 2-2, and an auxiliary wire 2-3 connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the wire guide tube 2-1 and the wire guide nozzle 2-2 are threadedly connected, and the auxiliary wire 2-3 passes through the wire guide tube 2-1 and the wire guide nozzle 2-2 in sequence.

[0033] The guide tube 2-1 is made of wear-resistant thermosetting material.

[0034] The guide tip 2-2 is made of copper, a material known for its excellent heat dissipation.

[0035] The diameter of the auxiliary filaments 2-3 can be selected from 0.3 to 1.8 mm;

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown, the fixed pressing mechanism 4 is an integrated disc structure. The center of the integrated disc structure is provided with a welding gun fixing hole 4-1, and four wire tube fixing holes 4-2 are evenly arranged around the periphery. The welding gun fixing hole 4-1 is used to fix the upper end of the nozzle fixing mechanism 5, and the wire tube fixing hole 4-2 is used to fix the clamping wire guide tube 2-1 and the powder feeding hose 3-1.

[0037] like Figures 2-5 As shown, the arc generating mechanism 1 includes: a built-in shunt 1-1, an insulating nozzle base 1-2, an external shunt 1-3, a conductive nozzle 1-4, and an arc main wire 1-5 connected coaxially in sequence. The built-in shunt 1-1 is threadedly connected to the insulating nozzle base 1-2, the external shunt 1-3, and the conductive nozzle 1-4 in sequence. The arc main wire 1-5 is used to form a melting electrode arc through the arc generating mechanism 1.

[0038] The built-in distributor 1-1 has an integrated through-hole structure with an air-cooling channel. The outer layer of the built-in distributor 1-1 connected to the insulating nozzle base 1-2 is coated with an insulating ceramic coating, which effectively achieves double insulation with the nozzle fixing mechanism 5.

[0039] The external distributors 1-3 are made of ceramic and are used to insulate the external nozzle fixing mechanism 5 from the protective gas.

[0040] The built-in shunt 1-1 and conductive nozzle 1-4 are made of copper to facilitate electrical conductivity and heat dissipation.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, the nozzle fixing mechanism 5 is an integrated shell structure, with an elongated hole 5-1 and a gradient inner hole 5-2 arranged sequentially inside, and four wire tube fixing platforms 5-3 and wire tube limiting holes 5-4 located in the wire tube fixing platforms 5-3 outside.

[0042] The six elongated holes 5-1 are evenly distributed around the upper circumference of the nozzle fixing mechanism 5 and are used to assemble and lock the insulating nozzle base 1-5.

[0043] The gradient inner hole 5-2 is stepped, which is used to form a sufficient cavity after assembly to provide sufficient space for protective gas.

[0044] The wire tube fixing platform 5-3 is a transition boss, which is used to support the assembled wire feeding mechanism 2 and powder feeding mechanism 3.

[0045] The wire tube limiting hole 5-4 is a countersinking hole that perfectly matches the outer diameter of the powder feeding needle 3-3 and the wire guide nozzle 2-2, and is used for limiting the installation of the wire feeding mechanism 2 and the powder feeding mechanism 3.

[0046] The nozzle fixing mechanism is coated with an insulating layer of copper material to facilitate heat dissipation.

[0047] This device is installed and used in the following ways:

[0048] First, the wire feeding mechanism 2 and the powder feeding mechanism 3 are installed around the nozzle fixing mechanism 5. The fixing and pressing mechanism 4 has a central positioning hole and peripheral positioning holes evenly arranged around the circumference. The upper section of the nozzle fixing mechanism 5 passes through the welding gun fixing hole 4-1 coaxially. The upper ends of the wire guide tube 2-1 of the wire feeding mechanism 2 and the flexible tube 3-1 of the powder feeding mechanism 3 pass through the wire tube fixing hole 4-2 and are installed and pressed. The arc generating mechanism 1 is installed on the upper end of the nozzle fixing mechanism 5 along the axis. There are two wire feeding mechanisms 2 and two powder feeding mechanisms 3, which are installed in a symmetrical cross distribution. The extension lines of the main arc wire 1-5, the extension lines of the two auxiliary wires 2-3, and the extension lines of the two powder feeding needles 3-3 intersect at one point.

[0049] Based on the welding process, determine the material type and size range of the main arc wire 1-5, auxiliary wire 2-3, and the alloy powder to be fed. Select a suitable consumable electrode arc method (MIG / MAG / CMT, etc.) and determine appropriate process parameters. Use two powder feeding devices and two wire feeding devices. Connect the powder feeding hose 3-1 and the wire guide tube 2-1 to the powder feeding devices and wire feeding devices respectively. Provide a synchronous wire and powder feeding signal to the wire feeders and powder feeders. The two wire feeders and two powder feeders can feed wire and powder alternately clockwise or counterclockwise, or they can feed wire and powder synchronously. Additive manufacturing can be achieved by selecting materials with different compositions and sizes according to the composition of the component to be added; alternatively, the alloy composition in additive manufacturing can be adjusted by setting different compositions of the main arc wire 1-5, auxiliary wire 2-3 and alloy powder to pass through the molten electrode arc at the same or different wire / powder feeding speeds; during the additive manufacturing process, the arc is extremely stable under inert protective gas, protecting the molten pool from oxidation; the device has a simple structure, small size, is easy to disassemble, maintain and repair, and is convenient to use, with the main arc wire 1-5, two auxiliary wires 2-3 and two channels of alloy powder working simultaneously in the molten pool.

[0050] By configuring different numbers of wire feeding mechanisms and powder feeding mechanisms, it is possible to implement 16 different allocation strategies for wire and powder feeding ratios and path positions, as shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1

[0052] Compared with existing technologies, this device employs multiple wire feeding and powder feeding mechanisms to achieve synchronous multi-auxiliary wire and multi-powder additive manufacturing under the main wire arc. This not only effectively realizes coaxial multi-wire and powder feeding and in-situ alloying control in additive manufacturing, but also effectively ensures the metallurgical quality of the substrate and the deposited layer. The arc heat generated by the main wire is mainly used for melting the main welding wire, auxiliary wire, and alloy powder, greatly reducing the dilution rate of the deposited layer. In addition, except for the fixed pressing mechanism and nozzle fixing mechanism, which are integrated molding designs, all other parts are composed of detachable components, enabling timely replacement of consumables and ensuring the low cost and long service life of the device.

[0053] The above-described specific implementations can be partially adjusted by those skilled in the art in different ways without departing from the principles and purpose of this utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is determined by the claims and is not limited to the above-described specific implementations. All implementation schemes within its scope are bound by this utility model.

Claims

1. A four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, include: The nozzle fixing mechanism, a pair of wire feeding mechanisms and a pair of powder feeding mechanisms symmetrically arranged on it, and an electric arc generating mechanism located at the center of the nozzle fixing mechanism, wherein the electric arc generating mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the powder feeding mechanism are connected by a fixed pressing mechanism. The pair of wire feeding mechanisms are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the arc generating mechanism, and powder feeding mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the wire feeding mechanisms.

2. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powder feeding mechanism includes: a powder feeding hose, a converter head, and a powder feeding needle connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the powder feeding hose is inserted into the upper end of the converter head, and the lower end of the converter head is threadedly connected to the upper end of the powder feeding needle.

3. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wire feeding mechanism includes: a wire guide tube, a wire guide nozzle, and an auxiliary wire connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the wire guide tube and the wire guide nozzle are threadedly connected, and the auxiliary wire passes through the wire guide tube and the wire guide nozzle in sequence.

4. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed pressing mechanism is an integrated disc structure. The center of the integrated disc structure is provided with a welding gun fixing hole, and four wire tube fixing holes are evenly arranged around the periphery. The welding gun fixing hole is used to fix the upper end of the nozzle fixing mechanism, and the wire tube fixing hole is used to fix the clamping wire guide tube and the powder feeding hose.

5. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc generating mechanism includes: a built-in shunt, an insulating nozzle base, an external shunt, a conductive nozzle, and an arc main wire connected coaxially in sequence, wherein: the built-in shunt is threadedly connected to the insulating nozzle base, the external shunt, and the conductive nozzle in sequence, and the arc main wire is used to form a melting electrode arc through the arc generating mechanism.

6. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle fixing mechanism is an integrated shell structure, with an elongated hole and a gradient inner hole arranged sequentially inside, and four wire tube fixing platforms and wire tube limiting holes located inside the wire tube fixing platforms on the outside.

7. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The built-in distributor has an integrated through-hole structure with an air-cooling channel. The outer layer of the built-in distributor connected to the insulating nozzle base is coated with an insulating ceramic coating, which effectively achieves double insulation with the nozzle fixing mechanism. The external distributor is made of ceramic and is used to insulate the external nozzle fixing mechanism and the protective gas flow.

8. The four-channel coaxial wire and powder feeding melting electrode arc additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are six elongated holes, which are evenly distributed around the upper circumference of the nozzle fixing mechanism and are used to assemble and lock the insulating nozzle base. The gradient inner hole is stepped, which is used to form a sufficient cavity after assembly to provide sufficient space for protective gas. The aforementioned wire tube fixing platform is a transition boss, and the wire tube limiting hole is a countersunk hole that matches the outer diameter of the powder feeding needle and the wire guide nozzle.

Images