An electronic trajectory control system and a vacuum electron beam sealing compensation device

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of metal material processing technology, and in particular to an electronic trajectory control system and a vacuum electron beam sealing welding compensation device. It includes two sets of mutually perpendicular electronic trajectory control devices. Each set includes three pairs of parallel metal plates, with the midpoint of the relative distance between each pair of metal plates coaxial with the center line of the electron beam. Each pair of metal plates is rotatable, rotating in the direction of electron beam incidence. The three pairs of metal plates in one set of electronic trajectory control devices are parallel to the weld direction, while the three pairs of metal plates in the other set are perpendicular to the weld direction. Each pair of metal plates in the parallel-to-weld-direction electronic trajectory control device is perpendicularly intersecting the corresponding pair of metal plates in the perpendicular-to-weld-direction electronic trajectory control device. By controlling the incident angle of the electron beam on the surface of the composite billet, bidirectional correction and compensation are performed in both directions perpendicular and parallel to the weld, thereby improving the stability of the effective penetration depth of the sealed weld joint.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of metal material processing technology, and in particular to an electronic trajectory control system and a vacuum electron beam sealing compensation device. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium-steel composite plates combine the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys with the high strength and low cost of steel, offering advantages such as lightweight construction, long service life, and high cost-effectiveness. They are widely used in chemical engineering (reactors, storage tanks), marine engineering (ships, offshore platforms), power generation (desulfurization equipment), and aerospace. With increasing environmental requirements and growing demand for high-end equipment, they show great potential in emerging fields such as new energy (hydrogen storage and transportation), nuclear power, and seawater desalination, and may become a key solution to replace pure titanium materials in the future.

[0003] Vacuum electron beam welding of titanium-steel composite billets combined with hot rolling has become the mainstream method for the industrial mass production of large-format titanium-steel composite plates both domestically and internationally. The preparation of the composite billet is a fundamental step in the production of titanium-steel composite plates. Currently, the commonly used technical solution involves sandwiching a titanium plate within a hollow billet composed of two carbon steel plates and a steel frame, and then sealing the billet through vacuum electron beam welding. This fundamental process continues to receive significant attention from the academic community because it directly affects the quality stability of the composite plate.

[0004] Chinese patent CN110586683A discloses a method for producing wide-specification titanium-steel composite plates. It provides a method for forming a titanium-steel composite billet with two carbon steel substrates, an integral steel frame, and two titanium plates, followed by vacuum electron beam sealing welding, heating, and rolling.

[0005] Chinese patent CN109692884A discloses a titanium-steel composite plate with IF steel as a transition layer and its high-temperature preparation method. It proposes a high-temperature preparation method for titanium-steel composite plates, which also uses vacuum electron beam welding technology to seal the titanium-steel composite billet.

[0006] Chinese patent CN110788135A discloses a method for preparing a composite billet of rolled titanium-steel composite plate, and provides a method for preparing a titanium-steel composite plate: two concave substrates are rotated 90° and interlocked to form a hollow composite billet, and then vacuum electron beam sealing is used.

[0007] Vacuum electron beam welding technology, with its advantages of high energy density, narrow heat-affected zone, and strong penetration under high vacuum conditions, has become an ideal process for vacuum sealing of large titanium-steel composite billets. However, this technology relies on the mechanism of high-speed electron bombardment of the target, making it exceptionally sensitive to magnetic fields. In industrial production, titanium-steel composite billets often exhibit unevenly distributed residual magnetism due to magnetic contamination (especially noticeable at the edges and corners). This leads to typical defects during the sealing process, such as electron beam trajectory deviation, poor weld formation, localized incomplete welds, and insufficient penetration, directly affecting the stability of the sealing quality.

[0008] Chinese patent CN222448685U discloses an electronic trajectory control device and a vacuum electron beam sealing device, proposing to improve the bombardment accuracy and prevent electron beam drift by controlling the movement path of electrons on the surface of the composite billet. However, it mainly corrects electron beam drift perpendicular to the weld surface, while drift still exists on the weld surface parallel to the weld surface, i.e., non-perpendicular incidentness. Simultaneously, due to power fluctuations and losses in the effective penetration direction during electron beam deflection and correction, the effective penetration depth of the sealing also fluctuates, resulting in decreased stability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides an electronic trajectory control system and a vacuum electron beam sealing welding compensation device. By controlling the incident angle of the electron beam on the surface of the composite billet, bidirectional correction and compensation are performed in both directions perpendicular to and parallel to the weld, preventing non-perpendicular incident problems. When sealing welding titanium-steel composite billets with high and non-uniform magnetism, the stability of the effective penetration depth of the sealing weld can be further improved.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] An electronic trajectory control system includes two sets of mutually perpendicular electronic trajectory control devices. Each set of electronic trajectory control devices includes three pairs of parallel metal plates. The midpoint of the relative spacing of each pair of metal plates is coaxial with the center line of the electron beam. Each pair of metal plates is equipped with a constraint electric field. From the direction of entry of the electron beam, the lengths of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are b1 = focal length of the electron beam / 3, b2 = focal length of the electron beam / 4, and b3 = focal length of the electron beam / 5, respectively. The relative spacings are d1 = 40-50 mm, d2 = 30-40 mm, and d3 = 20-30 mm, respectively. The widths are a1 = 30-40 mm, a2 = 20-30 mm, and a3 = 10-20 mm, respectively.

[0012] Each pair of metal plates is a rotatable metal plate, and the rotation direction is towards the direction of electron beam incidence.

[0013] One set of electronic trajectory control devices has three pairs of metal plates parallel to the weld direction, and another set of electronic trajectory control devices has three pairs of metal plates perpendicular to the weld direction. Each pair of metal plates of the electronic trajectory control device parallel to the weld direction is perpendicularly intersected with each pair of metal plates perpendicular to the weld direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotation angle of each pair of metal plates is 0 to 15°.

[0015] Furthermore, the spacing between the two adjacent pairs of metal plates is configured to be 10 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the grounding electric field voltages of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are respectively: U1 = 640~1000V, U2 = 1000~2000V, and U3 = 2000~3000V.

[0017] Furthermore, each pair of metal plates is connected to an energizing unit, which is used to make each pair of metal plates carry an equal amount of negative charge, forming a confined electric field between the two pairs of opposite metal plates, applying a central axial electric field force to electrons at non-central positions, and applying an electric field force to the electron beam in the direction of motion when deflected.

[0018] Furthermore, the three pairs of parallel metal plates are fixed on an insulating frame, and a baffle is provided on one side of the insulating frame. The baffle has a through hole through which the electron beam passes.

[0019] Furthermore, the distance d0 between the end of the third pair of metal plates and the sealing weld joint is 10-15 mm.

[0020] A vacuum electron beam sealing compensation device includes the aforementioned electronic trajectory control system.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] 1) By correcting the electrons emitted by the welding torch step by step, the electrons do not deflect when they reach the sealing joint;

[0023] 2) By setting the width of the metal plate, the force of the electric field on the electrons is increased, so that the electric force corresponds to the magnetic force of the billet, and the correction effect of the electric force on the magnetic force is further improved.

[0024] 3) By controlling the incident angle of the electron beam on the surface of the composite billet, bidirectional correction and compensation are performed in both directions perpendicular to and parallel to the weld to prevent non-perpendicular incident problems. When sealing and welding titanium-steel composite billets with high and non-uniform magnetism, the stability of the effective penetration depth of the sealing joint can be further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the electronic trajectory control system described in this utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of the titanium-steel composite billet that failed during electron beam sealing due to magnetic contamination, as described in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-section of the electron beam welded joint when the titanium-steel composite billet with magnetic contamination is sealed by electron beam welding according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a state diagram of electron beam sealing using an electronic trajectory control system according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Metal plate; 2. Baffle; 3. Insulating structure; 4. Electron beam welding gun; 5. Electron beam. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0031] See Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model. This utility model discloses an electronic trajectory control system, comprising two sets of mutually perpendicular electronic trajectory control devices, symmetrically installed by an insulating structure 3 parallel and perpendicular to the weld direction. The electronic trajectory control device installed parallel to the weld direction corrects deflection perpendicular to the weld direction, thereby ensuring sufficient effective weld penetration; the electronic trajectory control device installed perpendicular to the weld direction corrects deflection parallel to the weld direction, thereby ensuring the stability of the effective weld penetration.

[0032] Each electronic trajectory control device includes three pairs of parallel metal plates 1. The midpoint of the relative spacing of each pair of metal plates 1 is coaxial with the center line of the electron beam 5. Each pair of metal plates 1 is equipped with a constraint electric field. The three pairs of metal plates 1 of one electronic trajectory control device are parallel to the weld direction, and the three pairs of metal plates 1 of another electronic trajectory control device are perpendicular to the weld direction. Each pair of metal plates 1 of the electronic trajectory control device parallel to the weld direction is perpendicularly intersecting the pair of metal plates 1 perpendicular to the weld direction. From the direction of entry of the electron beam 5, the lengths of the first pair of metal plates 1, the second pair of metal plates 1, and the third pair of metal plates 1 are b1 = electron beam focal length / 3, b2 = electron beam focal length / 4, and b3 = electron beam focal length / 5, respectively. The relative spacings are d1 = 40~50mm, d2 = 30~40mm, and d3 = 40~50mm, respectively. The purpose of setting d3 = 20-30mm is to correct the electrons emitted by the welding torch step by step so that they do not deflect upon reaching the sealing joint. Since the magnetic field strength increases with closer proximity to the composite billet surface, this invention uses different lengths and relative distances of the metal plate 1 to avoid the effects of varying magnetic field strengths on the electrons. If the length of the metal plate 1 is too short, the electric field it generates will have too short an effect on the electrons, failing to counteract the magnetic field's force. If the length of the metal plate 1 is too long, the latter half of the plate will not be able to counteract the magnetic field's force on the electrons because the magnetic field strength increases closer to the composite billet. If the relative distance is too large, the electric field it generates will have too weak an effect on the electrons, failing to control their deflection. If the relative distance is too small, it will be easily affected by welding spatter and its ability to control electrons will be reduced.

[0033] From the electron beam 5 entering the direction meter, the widths of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are a1 = 30-40 mm, a2 = 20-30 mm, and a3 = 10-20 mm. If the plate width is too small, the trajectory of the electron beam 5 cannot be effectively controlled. If the plate width is too large, it indirectly increases the distance between the metal plates 1, reducing the force of the electric field on the electrons. Since the magnetic field is stronger closer to the surface of the billet, the width of the metal plates 1 decreases sequentially, which can sequentially reduce the distance between the metal plates 1, further increasing the force of the electric field on the electrons, making the electric field force correspond to the magnetic field force of the billet, and further improving the correction effect of the electric field force on the magnetic field force.

[0034] Furthermore, each pair of metal plates 1 can rotate in the direction of electron beam 5 incident, with a rotation angle of 0 to 15°. The purpose is to effectively control the movement direction of electrons on the surface of the sealing joint and to avoid the influence of welding spatter on the electric field generating device. If the distance is too small, welding spatter will easily stick to the metal plate 1, affecting the electric field strength and uniformity. If the distance is too large, it will be impossible to effectively control the movement direction of electrons on the surface of the sealing joint.

[0035] The distance d0 between the third pair of metal plates 1 and the sealing joint is 10-15 mm. The purpose is to effectively control the movement direction of electrons on the surface of the sealing joint and to avoid the influence of welding spatter on the electric field generating device. If the distance is too small, welding spatter will easily stick to the metal plate 1, affecting the electric field strength and uniformity. If the distance is too large, it will be impossible to effectively control the movement direction of electrons on the surface of the sealing joint.

[0036] Each pair of metal plates 1 is connected to an energizing unit, which carries an equal amount of negative charge on each pair of metal plates 1, forming a confined electric field between the pairs of opposing metal plates 1. This applies a central axial electric field force to electrons at non-central positions and, upon deflection, applies an electric field force to the electron beam in the direction of motion, with the charge gradually increasing. The grounding voltage of the metal plates 1 is U1 640–1000V, U2 1000–2000V, and U3 2000–3000V. If the grounding voltage of the metal plates 1 is too low, the trajectory of the electron beam 5 cannot be effectively controlled; if the grounding voltage of the metal plates 1 is too high, discharge problems are likely to occur during welding. Furthermore, since the magnetic field is stronger closer to the surface of the blank, the grounding voltage of the metal plates 1 increases sequentially, which can further enhance the force of the electric field on the electrons. This makes the electric field force correspond to the magnetic field force of the blank, further improving the correction effect of the electric field force on the magnetic field force.

[0037] See Figure 4 The electron beam welding gun 4 is located on the central axis of the width plane of the two metal plates 1 of the one-way controller. The distance between the metal plates 1, the baffle 2 and the workpiece to be welded is equal and they do not contact each other. The three pairs of parallel metal plates 1 are fixed on the insulating frame. A baffle 2 is arranged on one side of the insulating frame. The baffle 2 has a through hole through which the electron beam 5 passes.

[0038] This embodiment also provides a vacuum electron beam sealing compensation device that applies this electronic trajectory control system.

[0039] This system is used for vacuum electron beam sealing of titanium-steel composite billets weighing less than 100g, ensuring the effective penetration depth and stability of the sealed joint. The specific steps include:

[0040] (1) The titanium-steel composite billet that has been magnetically contaminated is sent into the vacuum chamber;

[0041] The titanium-steel composite billet is formed by placing two titanium plates in the core of a composite billet, which is formed by stacking carbon steel substrate, steel frame and carbon steel substrate in sequence. There are two horizontal joints on each side of the billet that need to be vacuum electron beam sealed. The composite billet is 3 to 4 m long and 1.5 to 3 m wide.

[0042] (2) An electronic trajectory control system is installed on the vacuum electron beam welding gun 4;

[0043] The electronic trajectory control system is a bidirectional trajectory control system, comprising two sets of mutually perpendicular electronic trajectory control devices, symmetrically installed by the insulating structure 3 parallel and perpendicular to the weld direction. Each set of electronic trajectory control devices consists of six pairs of identical metal plates 1 and an energizing unit. Each set of electronic trajectory control devices includes three pairs of parallel metal plates 1, with the midpoint of the relative spacing between each pair of metal plates 1 coaxial with the centerline of the electron beam 5. Each pair of metal plates 1 is equipped with a constraint electric field. Measured from the direction of entry of the electron beam 5, the lengths of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are respectively b1 = electron beam focal length / 3, b2 = electron beam focal length / 3, b3 = electron beam focal length / 3, b4 = electron beam focal length / 3, b5 = electron beam focal length / 3, b6 = electron beam focal length / 3, b7 = electron beam focal length / 3, b8 = electron beam focal length / 3, b9 = electron beam focal length / 3, b1 = electron beam focal length / 3, b1 = electron beam focal length / 3, b2 = electron beam focal length / 3, b9 ... The focal length is 4, b3 = electron beam focal length / 5, the relative spacing is d1 = 40~50mm, d2 = 30~40mm, d3 = 20~30mm, the width is a1 = 30~40mm, a2 = 20~30mm, a3 = 10~20mm, and the metal plates 1 can rotate in the direction of electron beam 5 incident, with a rotation angle of 0~15°; the electron beam welding gun 4 is located on the central axis of the two metal plates 1 width plane of the bidirectional trajectory control device, the distance between the metal plates 1 and the baffle 2 and the workpiece to be welded is equal and they do not contact each other, and the distance between the end of the third pair of metal plates and the surface of the sealing weld joint is d0 = 10~15mm.

[0044] (3) Evacuate the vacuum until the vacuum level reaches 4.5 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Below Pa.

[0045] (4) Activate the electronic trajectory control system;

[0046] Activate the bidirectional electronic trajectory control system so that each pair of metal plates 1 carries an equal amount of negative charge, and the charge gradually increases. The grounding voltage of metal plate 1 is 640-1000V, U2 is 1000-2000V, and U3 is 2000-3000V.

[0047] (5) Perform vacuum electron beam packaging and welding;

[0048] The electron beam welding gun 4 is moved to the focal position on the weld surface to perform sealing welding of the titanium-steel composite billet in sequence.

[0049] Although strict control is exercised during the processing of titanium-steel composite billets, magnetic contamination inevitably occurs during the processing and handling of the titanium composite and steel substrate. This is especially true after the titanium composite and steel substrate are assembled into a billet; the complex structure and significant differences in material properties result in a more uneven magnetic field distribution, concentrating at the edges and corners of the composite billet with an intensity between 10 and 100 GS. Under these conditions, electron beam welding will cause the electron beam 5 to deflect towards the edges and corners of the composite billet, leading to problems such as electron beam 5 deflection, weld drift, low penetration depth, and weld failure, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 2As shown in the attached diagram. To achieve stable control of the weld penetration depth to over 30mm, avoid large fluctuations causing stress concentration, and reduce the risk of joint cracking, reheat treatment is often required to reduce the magnetic field strength below 10GS for normal electron beam welding. This not only severely reduces production efficiency but also significantly increases production costs, and can even lead to rolling composite failure. Based on these practical problems, this invention proposes a front-mounted bidirectional electronic trajectory control system for the electron beam welding gun, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 3 As shown, when welding the upper layer weld, a confining electric field is applied to counteract the upward and left-right deflection forces of the electron beam caused by the magnetic field. When welding the lower layer weld, a confining reverse electric field is applied to counteract the upward and left-right deflection forces of the electron beam caused by the magnetic field. Under magnetic field strength of 10 to 100 GS, the welding accuracy of the electron beam can be improved, the sealing quality of the titanium-steel composite billet can be guaranteed, and a continuous, uniform, and deep-penetration sealing weld joint can be formed.

[0050] Following the above method and steps, the magnetic titanium-steel composite billets of Examples 1-4 and the comparative examples were sealed using vacuum electron beam welding. The sealing process parameters and air-cooling effects are shown in the table below:

[0051] Table 1. Information on sealing and welding of magnetic titanium-steel composite billets

[0052]

[0053] Table 2. Information on Electronic Track Control Device Parallel to Welding Direction

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 3. Information on Electronic Track Control Device Perpendicular to Welding Direction

[0057]

[0058] The above embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of this utility model, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes. However, the protection scope of this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the above embodiments are conventional methods.

Claims

1. An electronic trajectory control system, characterized in that, It includes two sets of mutually perpendicular electronic trajectory control devices. Each set of electronic trajectory control devices includes three pairs of parallel metal plates. The midpoint of the relative spacing of each pair of metal plates is coaxial with the center line of the electron beam. Each pair of metal plates is equipped with a constraint electric field. From the direction of entry of the electron beam, the lengths of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are b1 = electron beam focal length / 3, b2 = electron beam focal length / 4, and b3 = electron beam focal length / 5, respectively. The relative spacings are d1 = 40-50 mm, d2 = 30-40 mm, and d3 = 20-30 mm, respectively. The widths are a1 = 30-40 mm, a2 = 20-30 mm, and a3 = 10-20 mm. Each pair of metal plates is a rotatable metal plate, and the rotation direction is towards the direction of electron beam incidence. One set of electronic trajectory control devices has three pairs of metal plates parallel to the weld direction, and another set of electronic trajectory control devices has three pairs of metal plates perpendicular to the weld direction. Each pair of metal plates of the electronic trajectory control device parallel to the weld direction is perpendicularly intersected with each pair of metal plates perpendicular to the weld direction.

2. The electronic trajectory control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation angle of each pair of metal plates is 0 to 15°.

3. The electronic trajectory control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent pairs of metal plates is configured to be 10 mm.

4. An electronic trajectory control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding electric field voltages of the first pair of metal plates, the second pair of metal plates, and the third pair of metal plates are respectively: U1 = 640~1000V, U2 = 1000~2000V, and U3 = 2000~3000V.

5. An electronic trajectory control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each pair of metal plates is connected to an electrification unit, which is used to make each pair of metal plates carry an equal amount of negative charge, forming a confined electric field between the two pairs of opposite metal plates, applying a central axial electric field force to electrons at non-central positions, and applying an electric field force to the electron beam in the direction of motion when deflected.

6. An electronic trajectory control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The three pairs of parallel metal plates are fixed on an insulating frame. A baffle is provided on one side of the insulating frame, and the baffle has a through hole through which the electron beam passes.

7. An electronic trajectory control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance d0 between the end of the third pair of metal plates and the sealing weld joint is 10-15 mm.

8. A vacuum electron beam sealing and compensation device, characterized in that, include: The electronic trajectory control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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