Medical one-way valve assembly equipment

Abstract

This application relates to medical one-way valve assembly equipment, belonging to the technical field of medical equipment. It includes a chassis, a turntable, and multiple positioning fixtures. Multiple laser receivers arranged in a circular array are fixedly connected to the upper end of the chassis, and multiple laser emitters arranged in a circular array are disposed inside the turntable. This application features a mechanism where, when the turntable rotates, the laser emitters inside the turntable cooperate with the laser receivers at the upper end of the chassis. As the turntable rotates, the laser emitters rotate synchronously with the turntable, and the emitted laser light is received by the corresponding laser receivers. With the continuous rotation of the turntable, the laser emitters sequentially correspond to the laser receivers at different positions, thereby determining the rotation position of the turntable. This provides a reliable positional basis for the accurate switching of the medical one-way valve on the positioning fixture between various assembly processes, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of the medical one-way valve assembly process and improving assembly efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to medical check valve assembly equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The working principle of a medical device check valve is to control the flow direction of fluid by automatically opening and closing the valve. When the pressure of the liquid or gas exceeds the valve's opening pressure, the valve will automatically open to allow fluid to flow. When the pressure of the fluid is lower than the valve's closing pressure, the valve will automatically close to prevent backflow. Generally, a medical device check valve consists of simple components such as a valve body, valve cover, valve disc, and spring.

[0003] However, most existing check valves are assembled manually. The manual assembly of check valves is time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in limited assembly speed and difficulty in meeting the needs of large-scale production. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a medical one-way valve assembly device, which has the advantage of improving the assembly efficiency of one-way valves. It solves the problem that most existing one-way valves are assembled manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in limited assembly speed and difficulty in meeting the needs of large-scale production.

[0005] The medical one-way valve assembly equipment provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: The medical one-way valve assembly equipment includes a chassis, a turntable, and multiple positioning fixtures. A motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the chassis, and an annular slide rail is fixedly connected to the upper end of the chassis. Multiple laser receivers arranged in an annular array are fixedly connected to the upper end of the chassis. A rotating ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the turntable. Multiple laser emitters arranged in an annular array are arranged inside the turntable. Multiple mounting slots arranged in an annular array are opened at the upper end of the turntable. Two dovetail grooves arranged in a mirror distribution are opened at the bottom end of each of the multiple mounting slots. Two dovetail tenons arranged in a mirror distribution are fixedly connected to the bottom end of each of the multiple positioning fixtures. A positioning groove is fixedly connected to one side of each of the multiple positioning fixtures.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, through the arrangement of a turntable, annular slide rail, rotating ring, laser emitter, and laser receiver, the motor at the upper end of the chassis provides power for the rotation of the turntable, driving the one-way valve body to move and sequentially placing components such as the spring valve disc and valve cover on it. The rotating ring at the bottom of the turntable cooperates with the annular slide rail at the upper end of the chassis to ensure stable rotation of the turntable and stable movement of each component of the one-way valve. Multiple positioning fixtures on the turntable cooperate with the dovetail joints at the bottom of the dovetail grooves in the mounting slots, realizing the rapid installation and precise positioning of the positioning fixtures. These fixtures can be replaced according to the production needs of different specifications of medical one-way valves. When the turntable rotates, the laser inside the turntable... The transmitter works in conjunction with the laser receiver on the top of the chassis. When the turntable rotates under the drive of the motor, the laser transmitter rotates synchronously with the turntable, and the emitted laser is received by the laser receiver at the corresponding position. As the turntable continues to rotate, the laser transmitter and the laser receiver at different positions correspond sequentially, enabling real-time monitoring of the turntable's rotation status and thus accurately determining the turntable's rotation position. This provides a reliable positional basis for the accurate switching of the medical one-way valve on the positioning fixture between various assembly processes. In conjunction with the positioning groove on one side of the positioning fixture, the various assembly processes of the one-way valve can be accurately positioned, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the medical one-way valve assembly process and improving assembly efficiency.

[0007] Preferably, the upper end of the chassis is fixedly connected to a vibrating feeding plate, a valve disc placement mechanism, a dispensing mechanism, a valve cover placement mechanism, a photocuring mechanism, and a discharge mechanism.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the vibrating feeding tray at the top of the chassis can automatically and orderly transport the one-way valve body to be assembled. When the turntable drives the positioning fixture to rotate to the corresponding position on the vibrating feeding tray, the one-way valve body is sent into the positioning fixture. Then the turntable continues to rotate, sequentially conveying the positioning fixture carrying the one-way valve body to the valve disc placement mechanism, the glue dispensing mechanism, and the valve cover placement mechanism. Each mechanism completes the valve disc placement, glue dispensing, and valve cover placement operations respectively. Then the positioning fixture arrives at the photocuring mechanism with the turntable to cure the coated adhesive layer, so that the components are firmly bonded. Finally, the assembled one-way valve is conveyed to the discharge mechanism, which removes the finished product. The entire process, through the cooperation of each mechanism with the turntable and the positioning fixture, realizes the automated assembly of the medical one-way valve from component loading to finished product discharge, reduces manual intervention, improves the continuity and efficiency of assembly, and ensures the processing quality of each process.

[0009] Preferably, a controller is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the chassis.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the controller on the upper side of the chassis can centrally control all parts of the equipment, receive position signals from the laser receiver, coordinate the rotation rhythm of the turntable driven by the motor according to the preset program, and simultaneously control the vibration feeding plate, valve disc placement mechanism, dispensing mechanism, valve cover placement mechanism, photocuring mechanism and discharge mechanism to work in sequence. This ensures that each mechanism accurately performs the corresponding operation when the positioning fixture reaches the corresponding position, realizes the orderly connection of each process, ensures the stability and reliability of the entire assembly process, and improves the automation level and ease of operation of the equipment.

[0011] Preferably, the output end of the motor passes through the upper end of the chassis and is fixedly connected to the turntable.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the output end of the motor passes through the upper part of the chassis and is directly fixedly connected to the turntable, making the rotation of the turntable more direct and responsive. When the motor operates according to the controller's instructions, the turntable can accurately realize changes in speed and direction. With the position detection of the laser emitter and laser receiver, it can be ensured that the turntable drives the positioning fixture to accurately stop at the corresponding position of each processing mechanism, ensuring that each assembly process can be accurately connected, improving the stability of the entire equipment operation and the accuracy of the assembly of each component.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom end of the rotating ring is slidably disposed inside the annular slide rail.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the motor drives the turntable to rotate, the rotating ring will slide smoothly along the annular slide rail, providing stable support for the turntable, limiting the movement trajectory of the turntable, and preventing it from deviating or shaking during rotation. At the same time, the sliding contact reduces the frictional resistance during rotation, making the turntable rotate more smoothly and stably, improving the stability of equipment operation and the accuracy of the connection between various processes.

[0015] Preferably, all of the positioning fixtures are fixedly installed inside the mounting groove by bolts, and all of the dovetail tenons are installed inside the dovetail groove.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the positioning fixture achieves preliminary precise positioning by embedding the dovetail tenon at the bottom into the dovetail groove in the mounting slot. It is then fixed inside the mounting slot with bolts. This double fixing method ensures both the firmness of the connection between the positioning fixture and the turntable and the accuracy of the installation position. When it is necessary to replace the positioning fixture with a different specification to meet the assembly requirements of different check valves, the bolts can be removed first, and then the positioning fixture can be taken out along the direction of the dovetail groove. The new positioning fixture can quickly find the correct position and be re-fixed through the cooperation of the dovetail tenon and the dovetail groove. This makes the replacement operation of the positioning fixture convenient and efficient, while always maintaining a precise cooperation with the turntable to ensure the smooth progress of subsequent assembly processes.

[0017] Preferably, each of the laser emitters corresponds to a laser receiver.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple laser emitters correspond to a laser receiver. When the turntable rotates under the drive of the motor, the laser emitters rotate synchronously with the turntable. When the turntable rotates to a specific position, the corresponding laser emitter will align with the corresponding laser receiver, and the laser signal can be transmitted stably. This allows the controller to monitor the rotation position and state of the turntable in real time by receiving changes in the laser signal, thereby accurately controlling the start and stop of the turntable at each process position, precisely docking with each processing mechanism, and ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the assembly operation.

[0019] Preferably, the positioning slots of the plurality of positioning fixtures correspond to the discharge end of the vibrating feeding plate, the execution end of the valve disc placement mechanism, the dispensing end of the dispensing mechanism, the picking and placing end of the valve cover placement mechanism, the irradiation end of the photocuring mechanism, and the gripping end of the discharge mechanism, respectively.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the turntable drives the positioning fixture to rotate, each positioning slot will be precisely aligned with the corresponding end of each mechanism in sequence. The vibrating feeding plate can send the one-way valve body into the positioning slot. As the turntable rotates, the positioning fixture passes through the valve disc placement mechanism, the glue dispensing mechanism, and the valve cover placement mechanism in sequence and completes the corresponding operations. Finally, the irradiation end of the photocuring mechanism can cure the assembled one-way valve. Finally, the gripping end of the unloading mechanism can take the finished product from the positioning slot, realizing automated assembly and improving the overall assembly efficiency.

[0021] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This medical one-way valve assembly equipment comprises a chassis, turntable, positioning fixture, motor, annular slide rail, and rotating ring. The motor output is directly connected to the turntable to provide power. The rotating ring slides along the annular slide rail, providing stable support for the turntable's rotation and reducing friction to ensure smooth operation. The positioning fixture, secured with dovetail tenons and dovetail grooves and bolts, achieves precise positioning and rapid replacement. It can be changed according to the production needs of different specifications of medical one-way valves. Simultaneously, with the corresponding cooperation of a laser emitter and laser receiver, as the turntable continues to rotate, the laser emitter and laser receiver at different positions move in tandem. This system can monitor the rotation status of the turntable in real time, thereby accurately determining the rotation position of the turntable. In conjunction with the controller, it coordinates the control of each mechanism, so that the positioning slot of the positioning fixture can be precisely docked with the vibrating feeding plate, valve disc placement mechanism, dispensing mechanism, valve cover placement mechanism, light curing mechanism and discharge mechanism in sequence. This completes the entire assembly process from valve body feeding, valve disc placement, dispensing, valve cover installation, curing to finished product discharge. The entire process does not require much manual intervention, ensuring the precise docking of each process and the assembly quality, improving the continuity and efficiency of assembly, and thus realizing the automated and high-precision assembly of medical one-way valves. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the chassis in this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the turntable structure of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly device for the structure of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the curing and discharging device for the structure of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the turntable installation structure of this application.

[0023] In the picture: 1. Chassis; 2. Motor; 3. Circular slide rail; 4. Laser receiver; 5. Turntable; 6. Rotating ring; 7. Laser emitter; 8. Mounting slot; 9. Dovetail groove; 10. Positioning fixture; 11. Dovetail tenon; 12. Positioning groove; 13. Vibrating feeder; 14. Valve disc placement mechanism; 15. Dispensing mechanism; 16. Valve cover placement mechanism; 17. Photocuring mechanism; 18. Discharge mechanism; 19. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0025] Example 1: Medical one-way valve assembly equipment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The system includes a chassis 1, a turntable 5, and multiple positioning fixtures 10. A motor 2 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the chassis 1, providing power for the rotation of the turntable 5 and driving the one-way valve body to move, sequentially placing components such as the spring valve disc and valve cover on it. An annular slide rail 3 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the chassis 1, and multiple laser receivers 4 arranged in a circular array are also fixedly connected to the upper part of the chassis 1. A rotating ring 6 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the turntable 5, cooperating with the annular slide rail 3 at the top of the chassis 1 to ensure stable rotation of the turntable 5 and stable movement of the one-way valve components. Multiple laser emitters 7 arranged in a circular array are installed inside the turntable 5. When the turntable 5 rotates, the laser emitters 7 inside the turntable 5 cooperate with the laser receivers 4 at the top of the chassis 1. When the turntable 5 rotates under the drive of the motor 2, the laser emitters 7 rotate synchronously with the turntable 5, and the emitted laser light is received by the corresponding positioning fixtures. The laser receiver 4 is positioned to receive the laser signal. As the turntable 5 continues to rotate, the laser emitter 7 corresponds to the laser receiver 4 at different positions in sequence, which can monitor the rotation status of the turntable 5 in real time, thereby accurately determining the rotation position of the turntable 5. This provides a reliable positional basis for the accurate switching of the medical one-way valve on the positioning fixture 10 between various assembly processes. The upper end of the turntable 5 has multiple mounting slots 8 arranged in a ring array. The bottom of each of the multiple mounting slots 8 has two dovetail slots 9 arranged in a mirror distribution. The bottom of each of the multiple positioning fixtures 10 is fixedly connected to two dovetail tenons 11 arranged in a mirror distribution. Each of the multiple positioning fixtures 10 has a positioning slot 12 fixedly connected to one side. The multiple positioning fixtures 10 on the turntable 5 achieve rapid installation and accurate positioning of the positioning fixtures 10 by cooperating with the dovetail tenons 11 at the bottom and the dovetail slots 9 in the mounting slots 8. They can be replaced according to the production needs of different specifications of medical one-way valves.

[0026] Example 2: Medical one-way valve assembly equipment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The upper end of the chassis 1 is fixedly connected to a vibrating feeding plate 13, a valve disc placement mechanism 14, a dispensing mechanism 15, a valve cover placement mechanism 16, a photocuring mechanism 17, and a discharge mechanism 18. The vibrating feeding plate 13 at the upper end of the chassis 1 can automatically and orderly transport the one-way valve body to be assembled. When the turntable 5 drives the positioning fixture 10 to rotate to the corresponding position of the vibrating feeding plate 13, the one-way valve body is sent into the positioning fixture 10. Then the turntable 5 continues to rotate, and the positioning fixture 10 carrying the one-way valve body is sequentially conveyed to the valve disc placement mechanism 14, the dispensing mechanism 15, and the valve cover placement mechanism 16. Each mechanism completes the valve disc placement, dispensing, and valve cover placement operations respectively. Then the positioning fixture 10 reaches the photocuring mechanism 17 with the turntable 5 to cure the coated adhesive layer, so that the components are firmly bonded. Finally, the assembled one-way valve is conveyed to the discharge mechanism 18, and the discharge mechanism 18 removes the finished product. The entire process, through the cooperation of various mechanisms with turntable 5 and positioning fixture 10, realizes the automated assembly of medical one-way valves from component loading to finished product unloading, reducing manual intervention, improving the continuity and efficiency of assembly, and ensuring the processing quality of each process. A controller 19 is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the chassis 1. The controller 19 on the upper side of the chassis 1 can centrally control various parts of the equipment, receive position signals from laser receiver 4, coordinate the rotation rhythm of turntable 5 driven by motor 2 according to the preset program, and control the vibration loading plate 13, valve disc placement mechanism 14, dispensing mechanism 15, valve cover placement mechanism 16, photocuring mechanism 17 and unloading mechanism 18 to work in sequence, ensuring that each mechanism accurately executes the corresponding operation when positioning fixture 10 reaches the corresponding position, realizing the orderly connection of each process, ensuring the stability and reliability of the entire assembly process, and improving the automation level and ease of operation of the equipment.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6The output end of motor 2 passes through the upper end of the housing 1 and is fixedly connected to turntable 5. This direct connection makes the rotation of turntable 5 more direct and responsive. When motor 2 operates according to the instructions of controller 19, turntable 5 can accurately change its speed and direction. Combined with the position detection of laser emitter 7 and laser receiver 4, it ensures that turntable 5 drives positioning fixture 10 to accurately stop at the corresponding positions of each processing mechanism, ensuring precise docking of each assembly process, improving the stability of the entire equipment operation and the accuracy of each component assembly. The bottom end of rotating ring 6 is slidably set inside the annular slide rail 3. When motor 2 drives turntable 5 to rotate, rotating ring 6 will slide smoothly along the annular slide rail 3, providing stable support for turntable 5, limiting the movement trajectory of turntable 5, and preventing it from deviating or shaking during rotation. At the same time, the sliding contact reduces the frictional resistance during rotation, making the rotation of turntable 5 smoother and more stable, improving the stability of equipment operation and the accuracy of docking of each process. Multiple positioning fixtures 10 are fixed inside the mounting groove 8 by bolts, and multiple dovetail tenons All 11 are set inside the dovetail groove 9. The positioning fixture 10 is embedded into the dovetail groove 9 in the mounting groove 8 through the dovetail tenon 11 at the bottom, achieving preliminary precise positioning. Then, it is fixed inside the mounting groove 8 with bolts. This double fixing method ensures both the firmness of the connection between the positioning fixture 10 and the turntable 5 and the accuracy of the installation position. When it is necessary to replace the positioning fixture 10 with a different specification to adapt to the assembly requirements of different check valves, the bolts can be removed first, and then the positioning fixture 10 can be taken out along the direction of the dovetail groove 9. The new positioning fixture 10 is connected to the dovetail tenon 11 and... The dovetail groove 9 quickly locates and re-fixes the position, making the replacement of the positioning fixture 10 convenient and efficient. At the same time, it can always maintain a precise fit with the turntable 5, ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent assembly processes. Multiple laser emitters 7 correspond to laser receivers 4. When the turntable 5 rotates under the drive of the motor 2, the laser emitters 7 rotate synchronously with the turntable 5. When it rotates to a specific position, the corresponding laser emitter 7 will be aligned with the corresponding laser receiver 4, and the laser signal can be transmitted stably.This allows the controller 19 to monitor the rotation position and state of the turntable 5 in real time by receiving changes in the laser signal, thereby accurately controlling the start and stop of the turntable 5 at each process position, precisely docking with each processing mechanism, and ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the assembly operation. The positioning slots 12 of the multiple positioning fixtures 10 correspond to the discharge end of the vibrating feeding plate 13, the execution end of the valve disc placement mechanism 14, the dispensing end of the dispensing mechanism 15, the picking and placing end of the valve cover placement mechanism 16, the irradiation end of the photocuring mechanism 17, and the gripping end of the dispensing mechanism 18, respectively. When the turntable 5... When the positioning fixture 10 rotates, each positioning slot 12 will precisely align with the corresponding end of each mechanism in sequence. The vibrating feeding plate 13 can send the one-way valve body into the positioning slot 12. As the turntable 5 rotates, it passes through the valve disc placement mechanism 14, the dispensing mechanism 15, and the valve cover placement mechanism 16, completing the corresponding operations. Finally, the irradiation end of the photocuring mechanism 17 can cure the assembled one-way valve. Finally, the gripping end of the unloading mechanism 18 can remove the finished product from the positioning slot 12, realizing automated assembly and improving the overall assembly efficiency.

[0028] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: After the equipment is started, the controller 19 coordinates the operation of each component. The motor 2 directly drives the turntable 5 to rotate, while the rotating ring 6 at the bottom of the turntable 5 slides smoothly along the annular slide rail 3 at the top of the housing 1, providing stable support for the turntable 5 and preventing it from shifting during rotation. At the same time, the laser emitter 7 inside the turntable 5 rotates synchronously with the turntable 5. During rotation, the laser emitter 7 aligns with the laser receiver 4 on the housing 1 and transmits laser signals. The controller 19 uses the received laser signals to determine the rotation position and state of the turntable 5, and then precisely controls the start and stop of the turntable 5 to ensure that the positioning fixture 10 can accurately stop at the corresponding position of each processing mechanism. When the positioning fixture 10 rotates with the turntable 5 to the vibrating feeding plate 13, the vibrating feeding plate 13 automatically and orderly conveys the one-way valve body to be assembled into the positioning groove 12 of the positioning fixture 10, completing the valve body loading. Then the turntable 5 continues to rotate, conveying the positioning fixture 10 carrying the valve body to the valve disc placement mechanism 14. The actuator 14 aligns with the positioning groove 12 to complete the valve disc placement operation. Then, the positioning fixture 10 moves to the bottom of the dispensing mechanism 15. The dispensing end of the dispensing mechanism 15 applies adhesive to the joint between the valve body and the valve cover. Afterward, the turntable 5 drives the positioning fixture 10 to the valve cover placement mechanism 16. The pick-and-place end of the valve cover placement mechanism 16 accurately places the valve cover on the upper part of the valve body after applying adhesive. After the valve cover is installed, the positioning fixture 10 enters the working range of the light curing mechanism 17 with the turntable 5. The irradiation end of the light curing mechanism 17 cures the adhesive layer, making the components firmly bonded. Finally, the assembled one-way valve rotates with the positioning fixture 10 to the discharge mechanism 18. The gripping end of the discharge mechanism 18 picks up the finished product from the positioning groove 12 and removes it, completing the entire assembly process. During this process, the controller 19 centrally controls the overall process, ensuring automated and continuous operation from component loading to finished product discharge, effectively improving the assembly efficiency and quality of the medical one-way valve.

Claims

1. A medical one-way valve assembly device, comprising a chassis (1), a turntable (5), and multiple positioning fixtures (10), characterized in that: The upper part of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a motor (2), the upper part of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a ring slide rail (3), the upper part of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a plurality of laser receivers (4) arranged in a ring array, the bottom end of the turntable (5) is fixedly connected to a rotating ring (6), the turntable (5) is provided with a plurality of laser emitters (7) arranged in a ring array inside, the upper end of the turntable (5) is provided with a plurality of mounting slots (8) arranged in a ring array, the bottom end of each of the plurality of mounting slots (8) is provided with two dovetail grooves (9) arranged in a mirror distribution, the bottom end of each of the plurality of positioning fixtures (10) is fixedly connected with two dovetail tenons (11) arranged in a mirror distribution, and one side of each of the plurality of positioning fixtures (10) is fixedly connected to a positioning groove (12).

2. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the chassis (1) is fixedly connected to a vibrating feeding plate (13), a valve disc placement mechanism (14), a dispensing mechanism (15), a valve cover placement mechanism (16), a photocuring mechanism (17), and a discharge mechanism (18).

3. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A controller (19) is fixedly connected to one side of the upper end of the chassis (1).

4. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the motor (2) passes through the upper end of the chassis (1) and is fixedly connected to the turntable (5).

5. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the rotating ring (6) is slidably disposed inside the annular slide rail (3).

6. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple positioning fixtures (10) are fixed inside the mounting groove (8) by bolts, and multiple dovetail tenons (11) are set inside the dovetail groove (9).

7. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the laser emitters (7) corresponds to a laser receiver (4).

8. The medical one-way valve assembly equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning slots (12) of the multiple positioning fixtures (10) correspond to the discharge end of the vibrating feeding plate (13), the execution end of the valve disc placement mechanism (14), the dispensing end of the dispensing mechanism (15), the picking and placing end of the valve cover placement mechanism (16), the irradiation end of the light curing mechanism (17), and the gripping end of the dispensing mechanism (18), respectively.

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