Special machine for differential case

Abstract

This utility model discloses a special machine tool for differential case machining, including a machine tool, a spindle box, an axial motion mechanism, a radial motion mechanism, and a rotary tool post assembly. The spindle box is installed at the left end of the front side of the machine tool table, and the output end on the right side of the spindle box clamps the workpiece. The spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate. The table area on the right side of the spindle box is the milling machining area, and the raised table area behind the milling machining area is the tool clamping area. The tool clamping area is equipped with an axial motion mechanism, and a slide is provided on the axial motion mechanism. The slide moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. A radial motion mechanism is provided on the slide. The rotary tool post assembly is connected to the radial motion mechanism, and the radial motion mechanism drives the rotary tool post assembly to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. The rotary tool post assembly is equipped with multiple tool stations, and different tools are installed on each tool station. The tools can be switched by rotation. This machine tool can perform automatic tool changing with fast tool changing speed and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically relating to a special machine tool for differential shells. Background Technology

[0002] The differential housing is a crucial component in automotive differentials, and its machining accuracy and quality significantly impact the differential's performance and reliability. Machining differential housings using a general-purpose lathe may have the following drawbacks: First, machining accuracy is limited. General-purpose lathes rely on manual operation and adjustment, making it difficult to guarantee consistency in mass production. This can lead to out-of-tolerance dimensions and form-position tolerances in critical areas (such as bearing housing holes and axle mounting surfaces). Second, efficiency is low. Differential housings typically require multi-faceted machining, such as flange end faces, internal cavities, and bolt holes. General-purpose lathes require multiple clamping and may need to be flipped multiple times, resulting in long machining times per piece. Manual tool changes can take 5-10 minutes each time, and frequent tool changes consume significant time, leading to low overall machining efficiency. Each tool change inevitably introduces repositioning errors, and the cumulative effect of these errors from frequent tool changes can cause even greater errors, resulting in poor product consistency and making quality control difficult. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems and technical needs, this utility model provides a special machine tool for differential housings. This machine tool is equipped with a rotary tool post, which can automatically change tools. The tool changing speed is fast and the efficiency is high. The star-shaped multi-station tool post has the advantages of compact structure and high space utilization, making it more suitable for small machine tools or multi-process integrated scenarios.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A special machine tool for differential shells includes a machine tool, a spindle box, an axial motion mechanism, a radial motion mechanism, and a rotary tool post assembly. The machine tool table has a stepped structure with a lower front and a higher rear. The spindle box is fixedly installed on the left end of the front side of the machine tool table. The output end of the right side of the spindle box clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate. The table area on the right side of the spindle box is the milling machining area, and the raised table area behind the milling machining area is the tool clamping area. The tool clamping area is equipped with an axial motion mechanism, and a slide is provided on the axial motion mechanism. The slide moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. A radial motion mechanism is provided on the slide. The rotary tool post assembly is connected to the radial motion mechanism. The radial motion mechanism drives the rotary tool post assembly to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. The rotary tool post assembly is equipped with multiple tool stations, and different tools are installed on each tool station. The tools can be switched by rotation, so that different tools can take turns machining the same workpiece. Multiple tool stations are set on the rotary tool post assembly, which can simultaneously install different tools such as turning tools, drills, and taps. It supports one-time clamping of complex parts, and different tools take turns to perform turning, drilling and tapping operations on the workpiece during processing. This allows multiple processes to be completed in one clamping, effectively improving the flexibility of multi-task processing.

[0005] Furthermore, the rotary tool post assembly includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post, a worm gear reducer motor, and a sliding plate. The sliding plate is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism, and the worm gear reducer motor is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate. The output end of the worm gear reducer motor is located at the top, and the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post is connected to the output end of the worm gear reducer motor. The worm gear reducer motor drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post to rotate, with each side rotating by 60 degrees. The symmetrical design of the hexagonal star allows adjacent tool parts to rotate only 60°, significantly shortening the tool change stroke, reducing non-machining time, and improving machining efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, the hexagonal rotating tool holder has six protruding tool stations evenly distributed on its outer ring. Each tool station is obtuse-angled and radially arranged. Each of the six tool stations has a clamping hole on the same side, through which different tools are mounted. Adjacent tool stations are spaced 60 degrees apart. This radial arrangement of the six tool stations allows for the accommodation of more tools within a limited space. The compact design reduces the overall size of the equipment and optimizes the workshop layout.

[0007] Furthermore, the tool clamping area is provided with a protruding ramp surface. The axial motion mechanism includes an axial motor, an axial ball screw, and axial slide rails. The axial ball screw is fixedly arranged along the length of the ramp surface, and the axial motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface. The axial motor is connected to the axial ball screw, and two axial slide rails are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface. The middle part of the slide is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw, and the two ends of the bottom surface of the slide are slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails, respectively. The axial motor drives the slide to slide along the axial slide rails through the axial ball screw. The ramp surface allows the slide to advance obliquely downwards, and the contact position between the tool tip and the workpiece is at the top of the workpiece's circumference, rather than the inner side of the circumference. This facilitates smooth chip removal and allows for better observation of the machining status.

[0008] Furthermore, the slide is tilted downwards, and the tilt angle between the upper surface of the slide and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

[0009] Furthermore, the radial motion mechanism is disposed on the upper surface of the slide table. The radial motion mechanism includes a radial motor, a radial slide rail, and a radial ball screw. The radial motor is located at the rear end of the slide table. The radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are obliquely downwards along the upper surface of the slide table, and both are perpendicular to the axial slide rail. The output end of the radial motor is connected to the radial ball screw. The bottom of the slide plate is connected to a nut on the radial ball screw, and the two sides of the bottom of the slide plate are slidably connected to the radial slide rail. The radial motor drives the slide plate to advance in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece axial direction via the radial ball screw, and the tool feeds radially along the workpiece to cut it.

[0010] Furthermore, an extended limiting baffle is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide table, which limits the front end of the slide plate. The extended limiting baffle prevents the slide table from extending excessively, ensuring the safety of cutting.

[0011] Furthermore, the milling area near the spindle box is provided with a chip discharge outlet, which penetrates the machine tool table, and the chips generated during the milling operation are discharged below the machine tool table through the chip discharge outlet.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This machine tool is used for machining the differential housing of a differential gear. Since the differential housing requires machining through multiple processes such as turning, drilling, and tapping, the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post can simultaneously mount different tools such as turning tools, drills, and taps, enabling multiple processes to be completed in one setup. This greatly improves the flexibility of multi-tasking machining, eliminates the need for repeated tool clamping, reduces repeated clamping errors, and improves the consistency of finished products. The six tool stations in the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post are radially distributed, accommodating more tools in a limited space, and all tools are mounted on the same side of the tool stations. The tool holder is positioned such that there is no interference between tools during machining. Adjacent tools only need to rotate 60° to complete the tool change stroke, reducing non-machining time and adapting to the needs of high-speed machining. The six tool stations of the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder have a symmetrical support structure. The star-shaped layout ensures even force distribution, enhances the ability to resist cutting vibration, ensures high-precision machining, has high machining stability, and the stations are independent. The failure of a single tool will not affect the overall operation. The rotation is directly driven by a worm gear reducer motor, which has a simple transmission structure, low failure rate, reduces wear and maintenance frequency, and has a long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the special machine tool for differential shells according to this utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the axial motion mechanism in the differential shell special machine tool of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is an assembly drawing of the radial motion mechanism and the rotary tool holder assembly in this utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the hexagonal star-shaped rotating tool holder in this utility model;

[0017] The markings in the diagram are as follows: Machine tool 1, Milling area 11, Tool clamping area 12, Inclined surface 121, Chip outlet 13, Spindle box 2, Axial motion mechanism 3, Axial motor 31, Axial ball screw 32, Axial slide rail 33, Slide table 34, Extension limit baffle 341, Radial motion mechanism 4, Radial motor 41, Radial slide rail 42, Radial ball screw 43, Rotary tool post assembly 5, Hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post 51, Tool station 511, Clamping hole 512, Worm gear reducer motor 52, Slide plate 53. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1-4 The diagram shows a special machine tool for differential shells according to this utility model, including a machine tool 1, a spindle box 2, an axial motion mechanism 3, a radial motion mechanism 4, and a rotary tool post assembly 5. The table of the machine tool 1 has a stepped structure with a lower front and a higher rear. The spindle box 2 is fixedly installed on the left end of the front side of the table of the machine tool 1. The output end on the right side of the spindle box 2 clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box 2 drives the workpiece to rotate. The table area on the right side of the spindle box 2 is the milling machining area 11, and the raised table area behind the milling machining area 11 is the tool clamping area 12. The tool clamping area 12 is provided with an axial motion mechanism 3, and a slide 34 is provided on the axial motion mechanism 3. The slide 34 moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed. The radial motion mechanism 4 is provided on the slide. The rotary tool post assembly 5 is connected to the radial motion mechanism 4, and the radial motion mechanism 4 drives the rotary tool post assembly 5 to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be processed.

[0020] The tool clamping area 12 has a protruding ramp surface 121. The axial motion mechanism 3 includes an axial motor 31, an axial ball screw 32, and axial slide rails 33. The axial ball screw 32 is fixedly arranged along the length of the ramp surface 121. The axial motor 31 is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface and is connected to the axial ball screw 32. Two axial slide rails 33 are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface 121. The middle part of the slide table 34 is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw 32. The two ends of the bottom surface of the slide table 34 are slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails 33, respectively. The axial motor 31 drives the slide table 34 to slide along the axial slide rails 33 through the axial ball screw 32. The slide table 34 is inclined downward, and the inclination angle between the upper surface of the slide table 34 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Setting the ramp surface 121 allows the slide to advance obliquely downwards, with the contact point between the tool tip and the workpiece at the top of the workpiece's circumference rather than the inner side of the circumference. This facilitates smooth chip removal and allows for better observation of the machining status.

[0021] The radial motion mechanism 4 is mounted on the upper surface of the slide table 34. The radial motion mechanism 4 includes a radial motor 41, a radial slide rail 42, and a radial ball screw 43. The radial motor 41 is located at the rear end of the slide table 34. The radial ball screw 43 and the radial slide rail 42 are obliquely downwards along the upper surface of the slide table, and both are perpendicular to the axial slide rail 33. The output end of the radial motor 41 is connected to the radial ball screw 43. The bottom of the slide plate 53 is connected to a nut on the radial ball screw 43, and the two sides of the bottom of the slide plate 53 are slidably connected to the radial slide rail 42. The radial motor 41 drives the slide plate 53 to advance in a direction perpendicular to the workpiece axial direction via the radial ball screw 43. The tool feeds radially along the workpiece to cut it. An extended limiting baffle 341 is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide table 34, which limits the front end of the slide plate 53. The extended limiting baffle 341 prevents the slide table 34 from extending excessively, ensuring cutting safety.

[0022] The rotary tool post assembly 5 has multiple tool stations 511, each equipped with a different tool. Rotation allows for tool switching, enabling different tools to process the same workpiece in turn. The rotary tool post assembly 5 includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post 51, a worm gear reducer motor 52, and a slide plate 53. The slide plate 53 is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism 4. The worm gear reducer motor 52 is fixedly mounted on the slide plate 53, with its output end located at the top. The hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post 51 is connected to the output end of the worm gear reducer motor 52. The worm gear reducer motor 52 drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post 51 to rotate, with each side rotating 60 degrees. The hexagonal rotating tool holder 51 has six protruding tool positions 511 evenly distributed on its outer ring. Each tool position 511 is obtuse-angled and radially arranged. Each of the six tool positions 511 has a clamping hole 512 on the same side, through which different tools are mounted. Adjacent tool positions 511 are spaced 60 degrees apart. This radial arrangement of the six tool positions 511 allows for the accommodation of more tools within a limited space, and the compact design reduces the overall size of the equipment and optimizes the workshop layout.

[0023] The milling machining area 11 is provided with a chip discharge outlet 13 near the spindle box. The chip discharge outlet 13 penetrates the machine tool table, and the chips generated by the milling operation are discharged below the machine tool table through the chip discharge outlet 13.

[0024] The working process of this utility model is as follows: The spindle box 2 clamps the workpiece and drives it to rotate at high speed. With the support of the axial motion mechanism 3 and the radial motion mechanism 4, the rotating tool post assembly 5 can move along the axial and radial directions of the workpiece to adjust the alignment position. The worm gear reducer motor 52 drives the hexagonal star rotating tool post 51 to rotate, so that the tools clamped on different tool positions 511 are aligned with the workpiece. The slide plate 53 drives the tool to slide downward and feed to perform surface cutting on the workpiece. After completing one process, the slide plate 53 retracts obliquely upward. The worm gear reducer motor 52 drives the hexagonal star rotating tool post 51 to rotate. Each rotation angle is 60 degrees until the tool used in the next process is aligned with the workpiece. The slide plate 53 feeds obliquely downward again to perform the next process until all processes are completed. The extended limit baffle 341 at the front end of the slide table 34 can limit the downward stroke of the slide plate 53 to ensure the safety of the processing. The chips generated during processing are discharged downward from the chip discharge port 13 on the machine tool.

[0025] The above descriptions are merely several preferred embodiments of this utility model, but the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations and substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the scope of protection of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A special machine tool for shell differentials, characterized in that: The machine tool assembly includes a machine tool, a spindle box, an axial motion mechanism, a radial motion mechanism, and a rotary tool post assembly. The machine tool table has a stepped structure with a lower front and a higher rear. The spindle box is fixedly installed at the left end of the front side of the machine tool table. The output end of the spindle box on the right side clamps the workpiece, and the spindle box drives the workpiece to rotate. The table area on the right side of the spindle box is the milling machining area. The raised table area behind the milling machining area is the tool clamping area. The tool clamping area is equipped with an axial motion mechanism, and a slide is provided on the axial motion mechanism. The slide moves along the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. A radial motion mechanism is provided on the slide. The rotary tool post assembly is connected to the radial motion mechanism. The radial motion mechanism drives the rotary tool post assembly to move perpendicular to the axial direction of the workpiece to be machined. The rotary tool post assembly has multiple tool stations, and different tools are installed at each tool station. The tools can be switched by rotation, so that different tools can take turns machining the same workpiece.

2. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tool post assembly includes a hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post, a worm gear reducer motor, and a slide plate. The slide plate is slidably connected to the radial motion mechanism. The worm gear reducer motor is fixedly installed on the slide plate, with its output end located at the top. The hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post is connected to the output end of the worm gear reducer motor. The worm gear reducer motor drives the hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool post to rotate, with each side rotating at an angle of 60 degrees.

3. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hexagonal star-shaped rotary tool holder has six protruding tool positions evenly distributed on its outer ring. The tool positions are obtuse-angled and radially distributed. Each of the six tool positions has a clamping hole on the same side. Different tools are installed in the six tool positions through the clamping holes. The adjacent tool positions are spaced 60 degrees apart.

4. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tool clamping area has a protruding ramp surface. The axial motion mechanism includes an axial motor, an axial ball screw, and an axial slide rail. The axial ball screw is fixedly arranged along the length of the ramp surface. The axial motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the ramp surface and connected to the axial ball screw. Two axial slide rails are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the ramp surface. The middle part of the slide table is fixedly connected to the nut of the axial ball screw. The two ends of the bottom surface of the slide table are slidably connected to the top and bottom axial slide rails respectively. The axial motor drives the slide table to slide along the axial slide rails through the axial ball screw.

5. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slide is tilted downwards, and the tilt angle between the upper surface of the slide and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.

6. The special-purpose machine tool for differential shells according to claim 5, characterized in that: The radial motion mechanism is set on the upper surface of the slide table. The radial motion mechanism includes a radial motor, a radial slide rail and a radial ball screw. The rear end of the slide table is equipped with a radial motor. The radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are set obliquely downward along the upper surface of the slide table. The radial ball screw and the radial slide rail are both perpendicular to the axial slide rail. The output end of the radial motor is connected to the radial ball screw. The bottom of the slide plate is connected to the nut on the radial ball screw. The two sides of the bottom of the slide plate are slidably connected to the radial slide rail.

7. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 6, characterized in that: An extended limiting baffle is fixedly connected to the front end of the slide, and the extended limiting baffle has a limiting effect on the front end of the slide.

8. The special machine tool for differential shells according to claim 7, characterized in that: The milling area near the spindle box is provided with a chip discharge outlet. The chip discharge outlet penetrates the machine tool table, and the chips generated during the milling operation are discharged below the machine tool table through the chip discharge outlet.

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