Variable position tooling

Abstract

This application discloses a variable positioning tooling, including a base plate and a side plate. The side plate has an arc-shaped hole and a first screw hole. The base plate is used to fix to the table of the processing equipment. The side plate is vertically fixed to the base plate. The side plate is provided with a second rotary positioning part that matches the first rotary positioning part of the housing. The first rotary positioning part and the second rotary positioning part cooperate to form a rotary pair. The projection line of the trajectory of the first fixing hole rotating around the central axis of the first rotary positioning part on the side plate is a first curve. The side plate is also provided with an arc-shaped hole that passes through part of the first curve. A first fastening screw is used to fix the housing and the side plate after the housing is installed on the side plate. This tooling does not rely on costly 4-axis or 5-axis machine tools. It can complete the machining of non-straight-wall internal cavities with undercut features using only a 3-axis machine tool, reducing equipment procurement and maintenance costs. It is especially suitable for rapid changeover production scenarios of small batches and multiple specifications of housings, and can effectively improve overall production efficiency and product qualification rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining equipment technology, and in particular to a variable positioning tooling. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace, military equipment, and precision instruments, it is often necessary to machine non-straight-walled cavities with inverted features for housings. The opening size of the cavity is smaller than the maximum cross-sectional size of the cavity body, and the opening is connected to the cavity body through a transition curved surface. The constricted cavity of this type of housing has strict requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface quality, which directly affects the assembly performance and reliability of the parts.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream solution in the industry for machining these types of internal cavities relies on 4-axis or 5-axis CNC machine tools. These machine tools can achieve multi-angle posture adjustment of the housing through multi-axis linkage, thereby milling the transition surfaces and local undercut areas of the internal cavity. However, 4-axis and 5-axis machine tools have significant drawbacks: First, the equipment purchase cost is high, usually 3-5 times that of a 3-axis machine tool of the same specification, and daily maintenance requires professional technicians, resulting in high maintenance and training costs, making them uneconomical for small and medium-sized enterprises; second, multi-axis linkage operation is complex, requiring the writing of complex machining programs, demanding high operator skills, and requiring long machining preparation time, making it difficult to adapt to the rapid changeover production of small batches and multiple specifications of housings. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a variable-position tooling that can solve the technical problems in the prior art of machining non-straight-walled inner cavities with undercut features on housings, such as high machining difficulty, expensive machining equipment, high skill requirements for operators, and difficulty in adapting to rapid changeover production of small batches and multiple specifications of housings. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A variable positioning tooling is used to machine a non-straight-walled inner cavity with a backstitch feature on a housing. One outer wall of the housing has a positioning plane with a first rotary positioning portion and two first screw holes distributed on both sides of the first rotary positioning portion. The variable positioning tooling includes: a base plate for fixing to the table of a processing equipment; a side plate vertically fixed to the base plate, the side plate having a second rotary positioning portion matching the first rotary positioning portion, the first and second rotary positioning portions forming a rotary pair; the projection line of the trajectory of the first screw hole rotating around the central axis of the first rotary positioning portion on the side plate is a first curve, and the side plate also has an arc-shaped hole passing through a portion of the first curve; and first fastening screws matching the two first screw holes, the first fastening screws being used to fix the housing and the side plate after the housing is installed onto the side plate.

[0006] Optionally, the first rotary positioning part is a first positioning cylinder protruding from the positioning plane of the housing; the second rotary positioning part is a first positioning precision hole that matches the first positioning cylinder.

[0007] Optionally, the first positioning cylinder has a second threaded hole passing through the central axis of the first positioning cylinder; the variable positioning fixture further includes a second fastening screw that matches the second threaded hole.

[0008] Optionally, the first rotary positioning part is a second positioning precision hole formed on the positioning plane of the housing; the second rotary positioning part is a second positioning cylinder that matches the second positioning precision hole.

[0009] Optionally, the positioning plane of the housing is provided with a workpiece angle positioning hole, and the trajectory of the workpiece angle positioning hole rotating around the central axis of the first rotating positioning part is projected onto the side plate as a second curve; the side plate is also provided with a plurality of tooling angle positioning holes evenly distributed along the second curve; the variable positioning tooling further includes a positioning pin for simultaneously inserting into the workpiece angle positioning hole and any of the tooling angle positioning holes.

[0010] Optionally, the side plate is provided with angle scale lines distributed along the second curve, and the angle scale lines are located on the side of the side plate where the housing is not installed.

[0011] Optionally, the interval angle of the tooling angle positioning holes is 1°~3°.

[0012] Optionally, the variable positioning fixture further includes a reinforcing rib plate disposed between the side plate and the bottom plate, the reinforcing rib plate being located on the side of the side plate where the housing is not installed.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following:

[0014] A variable-position tooling is used to machine a non-straight-walled internal cavity with a backstitch feature on a housing. It includes a base plate and a side plate, with an arc-shaped hole and a first screw hole on the side plate. The base plate is fixed to the table of the machining equipment. The side plate is vertically fixed to the base plate. The side plate has a second rotary positioning part that matches the first rotary positioning part. The first and second rotary positioning parts cooperate to form a rotary pair. The projection line of the trajectory of the first screw hole rotating around the central axis of the first rotary positioning part on the side plate is a first curve. The side plate also has an arc-shaped hole that passes through part of the first curve. A first fastening screw is used to fix the housing to the side plate after it is installed on the side plate. The first and second rotary positioning parts allow for easy angle adjustment of the housing. The trajectory matching design of the arc-shaped hole and the first screw hole ensures reliable fixation at different angles. Furthermore, the first fastening screws distributed on both sides ensure even force distribution on the housing, preventing deformation due to excessive local stress. At the same time, this tooling does not rely on costly 4-axis or 5-axis machine tools. It can complete the machining of non-straight-walled internal cavities with undercut features using only a 3-axis machine tool, significantly reducing equipment procurement and maintenance costs. Moreover, the machining accuracy can meet the stringent requirements of aerospace, military manufacturing, and other fields. It is especially suitable for rapid changeover production scenarios with small batches and multiple specifications of housings, effectively improving overall production efficiency and product qualification rate.

[0015] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a shell with a non-straight-walled inner cavity and an inverted buckle feature;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a shell with a non-straight-walled inner cavity featuring an undercut feature;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a shell with a non-straight-walled inner cavity having a buckling feature, clamped by a variable-position tooling provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a front view of the side panel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a front view of the vertical clamping housing of the variable position tooling provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a front view of the tilting clamping housing of the variable position tooling provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0024] 1-Base plate; 2-Side plate; 201-Second rotary positioning part; 202-Arc-shaped hole; 203-Tooling angle positioning hole; 204-Angle scale line; 3-First fastening screw; 4-Second fastening screw; 5-Reinforcing rib plate; 6-Positioning pin; 9-Housing shell; 901-Positioning plane; 902-First rotary positioning part; 903-First screw hole; 904-Workpiece angle positioning hole; 905-Non-straight wall inner cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0026] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the relative positions of the corresponding components in the direction of gravity when they are in use, and "inner" and "outer" refer to their relative positions to the contours of the corresponding components themselves. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are for distinguishing one element from another and do not have sequential or importance implications. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise explained, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements.

[0027] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The workpiece housing 9 needs to be machined into a non-straight wall inner cavity 905 with undercut features. One side of the outer wall of the housing 9 has a positioning plane 901. A first rotating positioning part 902 is provided on the positioning plane 901, and two first screw holes 903 are distributed on both sides of the first rotating positioning part 902.

[0028] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 3A variable positioning tooling for machining a non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with a backstitch feature on a housing 9, wherein the variable positioning tooling mainly consists of a base plate 1, a side plate 2, an arc-shaped hole 202, and a first fastening screw 3 that matches two first screw holes 903. The base plate 1 is used to fix the table of the machining equipment. The side plate 2 is vertically fixedly connected to the base plate 1. The side plate 2 is provided with a second rotary positioning part 201 that matches the first rotary positioning part 902. The first rotary positioning part 902 and the second rotary positioning part 201 cooperate to form a rotary pair. At the same time, the projection line of the trajectory of the first screw hole 903 rotating around the central axis of the first rotary positioning part 902 on the side plate 2 is a first curve. The side plate 2 is also provided with an arc-shaped hole 202 that passes through part of the first curve. The first fastening screw 3 is used to fix the housing 9 and the side plate 2 after the housing 9 is installed on the side plate 2.

[0029] In actual operation, the first step is to fix the base of the variable positioning tooling and the processing equipment. Place the base plate 1 stably on the table of the processing equipment. According to the distribution of screw holes on the table, select appropriate bolts and pass them through the pre-set mounting holes on the base plate 1. Tighten the bolts gradually until there are no gaps or looseness between the base plate 1 and the table, ensuring that the base plate 1 remains stable during subsequent processing and provides a reliable support reference for the entire tooling system. Next, perform the assembly operation of the housing 9 and the variable positioning tooling. The operator needs to hold the housing 9 with the side of the housing 9 with the positioning plane 901 facing the side plate 2. Slowly move the housing 9 until the positioning plane 901 and one side surface of the side plate 2 are completely in contact. During this process, the position of the housing 9 needs to be carefully adjusted to ensure that the first rotating positioning part 902 on the positioning plane 901 and the second rotating positioning part 201 on the side plate 2 are precisely aligned. Then continue to push the housing 9 to make the two fully cooperate and form a stable rotating pair. This rotating pair is the core structure for the housing 9 to achieve angle adjustment, which can ensure that the housing 9 rotates around a fixed central axis and avoids deviation or shaking during rotation.

[0030] After the rotary joint assembly is completed, the angle of the housing 9 can be adjusted according to the machining requirements of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with the undercut feature of the housing 9. Since the first screw hole 903 on the housing 9 moves synchronously with the rotation of the housing 9 around the axis of the rotary joint, the projection of its movement trajectory on the side plate 2 forms a first curve. The pre-machined arc hole 202 on the side plate 2 precisely covers the key area of ​​this first curve. This design ensures that no matter which machining angle the housing 9 rotates to, the first screw hole 903 can always maintain a positional correspondence with the arc hole 202, providing a guarantee for subsequent fixing operations. When the housing 9 rotates to the target machining angle, the first fastening screw 3 matching the first screw hole 903 is taken out. The screw is then passed through the arc hole 202 on the side plate 2 and aligned with the first screw hole 903 on the housing 9. The screw is slowly screwed in and torque is gradually applied until the first fastening screw 3 is fully tightened. At this time, the housing 9 is tightly connected to the side plate 2 under the action of the two first fastening screws 3 (distributed on both sides of the rotary joint, with uniform force), without any loosening or displacement.

[0031] Throughout the entire operation, the stable fixation of the base plate 1 fundamentally prevents the overall displacement of the tooling, ensuring that the machining datum remains unchanged. The rotating joint allows the housing 9 to be adjusted at multiple angles without frequent disassembly, significantly reducing auxiliary operation time and improving machining efficiency. The trajectory adaptation design of the arc-shaped hole 202 and the first screw hole 903 ensures reliable fixation at different angles, and the first fastening screws 3 distributed on both sides ensure that the housing 9 is subjected to uniform force, preventing deformation of the housing 9 due to excessive local force. At the same time, this tooling does not rely on expensive 4-axis or 5-axis machine tools, and can complete the machining of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with undercut features using only a 3-axis machine tool, significantly reducing equipment procurement and maintenance costs. Moreover, the machining accuracy can meet the stringent requirements of aerospace, military manufacturing and other fields, and is especially suitable for rapid changeover production scenarios of small batches and multiple specifications of housings, which can effectively improve overall production efficiency and product qualification rate.

[0032] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 This technical solution is a further optimization of the above-mentioned variable positioning tooling. Specifically, it defines the structural forms of the first rotary positioning part 902 and the second rotary positioning part 201: the first rotary positioning part 902 is a first positioning cylinder protruding from the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9, and the second rotary positioning part 201 is a first positioning precision hole that precisely matches the size of the first positioning cylinder. The remaining structures are consistent with the first technical solution, ensuring the continuity and stability of the overall function of the variable positioning tooling.

[0033] In actual operation, the first step is still to fix the base plate 1 to the processing equipment table according to the operation procedure of the first scheme. Use matching bolts to firmly fix the base plate 1 to the table to avoid tool displacement during subsequent processing. Then, proceed to the assembly stage of the housing 9 and the side plate 2. Since the first rotary positioning part 902 is a first positioning cylinder protruding from the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9, and the second rotary positioning part 201 is a first positioning precision hole that matches the first positioning cylinder, the operator holds the housing 9 and aligns the first positioning cylinder with the first positioning precision hole on the side plate 2. The first positioning cylinder is slowly inserted into the first positioning precision hole. Since the first positioning precision hole is processed by high-precision boring process, its dimensional tolerance is strictly controlled. This ensures that the first positioning cylinder can rotate flexibly in the first positioning precision hole, and effectively restricts the radial displacement of the first positioning cylinder, preventing the housing 9 from deviating from the rotation axis during rotation. Once the first positioning cylinder is fully inserted into the first positioning precision hole, the housing 9 can rotate freely around the central axis of the first positioning cylinder. The operator slowly rotates the housing 9 to adjust the angle according to the machining requirements of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with its undercut feature. During this process, the fit between the first positioning cylinder and the first positioning precision hole remains stable, and the housing 9 will not experience radial wobble, ensuring the accuracy of the angle adjustment. Simultaneously, the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9 is tightly fitted to the surface of the side plate 2, further enhancing the stability of the housing 9 and preventing tilting during adjustment. After the housing 9 rotates to the target angle, the operator observes whether the first screw hole 903 on the housing 9 is aligned with the arc-shaped hole 202 on the side plate 2. After confirming alignment, the first fastening screw 3 is removed, passed through the arc-shaped hole 202, and screwed into the first screw holes 903 on both sides of the housing 9. The screws are tightened symmetrically with torque to ensure there are no gaps between the housing 9 and the side plate 2, completing the final fixation of the housing 9.

[0034] The advantages of this structural design are particularly evident during operation: First, the fit between the first positioning cylinder and the first positioning precision hole provides higher positioning accuracy. Compared to other rotary positioning structures, the contact area between the two is larger, and the force is more uniform, effectively resisting the radial cutting force generated by the tool on the housing 9 during machining. When milling the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with undercut features, the tool applies a horizontal radial force to the housing 9. If the positioning structure is unstable, the housing 9 is prone to radial displacement, leading to deviations in the inner cavity dimensions. The tight fit between the first positioning cylinder and the first positioning precision hole effectively counteracts this radial force, ensuring machining accuracy. Second, the first positioning cylinder protruding from the housing 9 makes assembly operations more intuitive. Operators can quickly align the first positioning cylinder and the first positioning precision hole without the need for complex measuring tools, significantly shortening assembly time and improving operational efficiency. In addition, the high-precision fit structure has low wear and can maintain good fit accuracy even after long-term use, extending the service life of the tooling and reducing subsequent maintenance costs. It is especially suitable for machining scenarios where the housing 9 has undercut features and non-straight-walled inner cavities 905 require high machining accuracy, effectively ensuring product consistency and reliability.

[0035] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 This technical solution is an optimization of the second technical solution. A second screw hole passing through its central axis is added to the first positioning cylinder, and a second fastening screw 4 matching the size of the second screw hole is provided for the variable positioning tool. The rest of the structure is consistent with the second solution. The stability of the housing 9 is improved by "axial + radial" double fixing.

[0036] During operation, the base plate 1 must first be fixed to the processing equipment table. Bolts are used to firmly secure the base plate 1 to the table, ensuring the fixture as a whole remains stationary. Next, preliminary assembly of the housing 9 and side plate 2 is performed: the outer surface of the first positioning cylinder, the inner surface of the first positioning precision hole, and the internal threads of the second screw hole are cleaned to remove impurities. The first positioning cylinder is then aligned with the first positioning precision hole and slowly inserted until the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9 is flush with the surface of the side plate 2. At this point, the operator removes the second fastening screw 4 from the side of the side plate 2 where the housing 9 is not installed, and aligns the threaded end of the second fastening screw 4 with the second screw hole at the center of the first positioning precision hole. Because the depth of the first positioning precision hole is slightly greater than the length of the first positioning cylinder, the second fastening screw 4 can smoothly pass through the first positioning precision hole and contact the second screw hole on the first positioning cylinder. Next, slowly rotate the second fastening screw 4 to gradually screw it into the second screw hole until the screw head is in contact with the surface of the side plate 2. Continue to apply appropriate torque to make the first positioning cylinder tightly fixed in the axial direction (i.e., in the direction of the cylinder's central axis) and unable to move axially in the first positioning fine hole, thus completing the initial axial positioning of the housing 9.

[0037] After axial positioning is completed, the operator begins to adjust the angle of housing 9. Since the second fastening screw 4 only restricts the axial displacement of housing 9 and does not completely lock its rotational freedom, housing 9 can still rotate flexibly around the central axis of the first positioning cylinder. According to the processing requirements of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with undercut features, the operator slowly rotates housing 9 while observing the positional relationship between the first screw hole 903 on housing 9 and the arc-shaped hole 202 on side plate 2. When housing 9 rotates to the target angle and the first screw hole 903 is aligned with the arc-shaped hole 202, the rotation of housing 9 is stopped. Then, the first fastening screw 3 is taken out, passed through the arc-shaped hole 202, and screwed into the first screw holes 903 on both sides of housing 9. The first fastening screw 3 is tightened symmetrically to make the positioning plane 901 of housing 9 fit tightly with the surface of side plate 2, eliminating the gap between them. At the same time, the tightening status of the second fastening screw 4 is checked again to ensure that the first positioning cylinder has no axial loosening, and finally, housing 9 is double-securely fixed in both the axial and radial directions.

[0038] According to an embodiment of this application, this technical solution is another optimized form of the first technical solution, specifically adjusting the structure of the first rotary positioning part 902 and the second rotary positioning part 201: the first rotary positioning part 902 is a second positioning precision hole (not shown in the figure) formed on the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9, and the second rotary positioning part 201 is a second positioning cylinder (not shown in the figure) set on the side plate 2 with a size precisely matched to the second positioning precision hole. The remaining structure is consistent with the first solution, adapting to the processing requirements of housing 9 with different structural characteristics. When the second positioning precision hole is completely fitted onto the second positioning cylinder, the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9 and the surface of the side plate 2 are tightly fitted, and the housing 9 can rotate freely around the central axis of the second positioning cylinder, entering the angle adjustment stage. According to the processing requirements of the non-straight wall inner cavity 905 with undercut features, the operator slowly rotates the housing 9 and observes the positional relationship between the first screw hole 903 on the housing 9 and the arc-shaped hole 202 on the side plate 2. Since the trajectory of the first screw hole 903 as the housing 9 rotates is projected as a first curve, and the arc-shaped hole 202 passes through a portion of this curve, the first screw hole 903 can always be aligned with the arc-shaped hole 202, regardless of the angle to which the housing 9 rotates. When the housing 9 reaches the target angle, the first fastening screw 3 is removed, passed through the arc-shaped hole 202, and screwed into the first screw holes 903 on both sides of the housing 9. The screws are gradually tightened to ensure that the housing 9 is tightly fixed to the side plate 2 without any loosening or displacement. Then, the processing equipment can be started to perform milling of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with undercut features. The advantages of this reverse design are particularly evident during operation: First, for the thin-walled housing 9, if a cylindrical structure protruding from the surface is machined on its positioning plane 901, it is easy to cause local structural weakness in the housing 9, resulting in deformation or damage during processing or assembly. Designing the first rotating positioning part 902 as a recessed second positioning precision hole can effectively avoid this problem.

[0039] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 A workpiece angle positioning hole 904 is provided on the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9. The projection line of the trajectory of the angle positioning hole rotating around the central axis of the first rotating positioning part 902 on the side plate 2 is a second curve. At the same time, multiple tooling angle positioning holes 203 are also provided on the side plate 2, which are evenly distributed along the second curve. The precise positioning of the angle of the housing 9 is achieved by aligning the holes. The variable positioning tooling also includes a positioning pin 6 for simultaneously inserting the workpiece angle positioning hole 904 and any tooling angle positioning hole 203.

[0040] During the rotation of the housing 9, the angle positioning holes on the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9 rotate synchronously around the central axis of the first positioning cylinder. The projection of their movement trajectory onto the side plate 2 forms a second curve, and the multiple tooling angle positioning holes 203 on the side plate 2 are evenly distributed along this second curve. Each tooling angle positioning hole 203 corresponds to a fixed machining angle. By visually observing the relative position of the angle positioning holes and the tooling angle positioning holes 203, the operator slowly adjusts the rotation speed of the housing 9. When the angle positioning holes are completely aligned with the tooling angle positioning holes 203 corresponding to a certain target angle, the rotation of the housing 9 is stopped. At this point, the housing 9 has accurately reached the target machining angle. The positioning pin 6 is simultaneously inserted into the aligned workpiece angle positioning hole 904 and the tooling angle positioning hole 203. Then, the second fastening screw 4 is tightened to ensure that the housing 9 does not move axially. The first fastening screw 3 is then passed through the arc-shaped hole 202 and screwed into the first screw hole 903. The screws are gradually tightened to complete the radial fixation of the housing 9, ensuring that the housing 9 does not shift during the machining process. The addition of this angle positioning hole structure significantly optimizes the machining process: First, it provides a clear and precise positioning reference for adjusting the angle of the housing 9. Especially for structures like the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with undercut features that require multi-position machining, the multiple tooling angle positioning holes 203 distributed along the second curve can cover the machining angle requirements of different areas of the inner cavity. This eliminates the need for complex angle calculations and measurements for each adjustment, making it suitable for mass production scenarios. It can effectively ensure the machining consistency of batch products and improve the product qualification rate.

[0041] In the above embodiments, the first rotary positioning part 902, the first screw hole 903, and the workpiece angle positioning hole 904 on the housing 9 are all features added separately for machining the inner cavity of the housing 9, and can be removed according to the actual situation after the inner cavity is machined.

[0042] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4An angle scale line 204, distributed along a second curve, is provided on the side of side plate 2 where the housing 9 is not installed. This angle scale line 204 corresponds one-to-one with the tooling angle positioning hole 203. Each scale line is marked with a specific angle value (e.g., 12.5°, 25°, etc.). Alignment of the scale line with the hole position achieves double confirmation of the angle. The angle scale line 204 provides double verification of angle adjustment. Alignment of the angle positioning hole ensures the accuracy of mechanical positioning, while confirmation of the scale line value effectively avoids angle deviation caused by machining errors in the tooling angle positioning hole 203, further improving the accuracy of angle adjustment. This dual positioning method ensures high-precision machining requirements while improving operational convenience and flexibility. It is suitable for scenarios with extremely high machining accuracy requirements and diverse machining angle needs, such as the customized machining of complex non-straight-walled internal cavities 905 with undercut features in the aerospace field, effectively improving machining quality and efficiency.

[0043] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The interval angle of the tooling angle positioning holes 203 on the side plate 2 is set to 1°~3°, that is, the central angle of two adjacent tooling angle positioning holes 203 along the second curve is 1°~3°. Each tooling angle positioning hole 203 corresponds to a 1°~3° scale on the angle scale line 204, realizing high-precision fine adjustment of the angle of the housing 9. The interval angle of 1°~3° ensures the fineness of the angle adjustment, enabling the tool to accurately conform to different areas of the curved surface for machining.

[0044] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 3 A reinforcing rib 5 is added between the side plate 2 and the bottom plate 1 in the variable positioning tooling, and this reinforcing rib 5 is located on the side of the side plate 2 where the shell 9 is not installed. The reinforcing rib 5 improves the structural strength and stability of the tooling. The addition of the reinforcing rib 5 does not significantly increase the weight of the tooling and does not affect the handling and installation of the tooling. This structural reinforcement design is particularly suitable for long-term, high-intensity batch processing scenarios, ensuring that the tooling maintains stable performance during continuous operation, providing a reliable guarantee for efficient and high-quality processing of the shell 9, and meeting the large-scale production needs of aerospace, automotive manufacturing and other fields.

[0045] refer to Figures 1 to 6 The working principle of this application embodiment is explained below with reference to the actual process of machining the ellipsoidal inner cavity of the shell 9. The shell 9 has a wall thickness of 2.5mm and needs to be machined into a non-straight wall inner cavity 905 with undercut features. The specific working process is as follows:

[0046] 1. Pre-assembly and Fixing of Tooling. First, pre-assemble the various components of the tooling: symmetrically weld two reinforcing ribs 5 to the side of the side plate 2 (before the housing 9 is installed) and the base plate 1; then check the first positioning precision hole, the arc-shaped hole 202, the tooling angle positioning hole 203, and the angle scale line 204 on the side plate 2 to ensure that the machining accuracy meets the requirements. Move the pre-assembled tooling to the worktable of the 3-axis vertical machining center, adjust the position of the base plate 1 so that the four mounting holes on the base plate 1 are aligned with the screw holes on the worktable, and use four bolts with spring washers to pass through the mounting holes to fix the tooling.

[0047] 2. Pre-processing of housing 9. Pre-processing of housing 9 to be processed: A positioning plane 901 is machined on one side of the outer wall of housing 9; a first positioning cylinder protrudes from the center of the positioning plane 901; a second threaded hole is machined through the center of the first positioning cylinder; two first threaded holes 903 are machined on the positioning plane 901, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first positioning cylinder; a workpiece angle positioning hole 904 is machined on the positioning plane 901, located between the first positioning cylinder and the first threaded holes 903.

[0048] 3. Assembly and Axial Positioning of Housing 9. The operator holds the pre-treated housing 9, aligns the first positioning cylinder with the first positioning precision hole on the side plate 2, and slowly inserts it until the positioning plane 901 of the housing 9 is in contact with the surface of the side plate 2. The second fastening screw 4 is taken out from the side of the side plate 2 where the housing 9 is not installed, aligned with the center of the first positioning precision hole, and slowly screwed into the second screw hole to complete the axial positioning of the housing 9.

[0049] 4. Angle Adjustment and Precise Positioning. Based on the machining requirements of the non-straight-walled inner cavity 905 with its undercut feature, the initial machining angle is set to 15°. The operator stands on the side of side plate 2 where the housing 9 is not installed, and slowly rotates the housing 9 while observing the position of the angle scale line 204 and the workpiece angle positioning hole 904. When the corresponding value of the edge of the workpiece angle positioning hole 904 on the angle scale line 204 is close to 15°, the rotation speed is slowed down, and the position of the housing 9 is carefully adjusted until the workpiece angle positioning hole 904 and the tooling angle positioning hole 203 corresponding to 15° are completely aligned, and the angle scale line 204 accurately displays 15°. The positioning pin 6 is then simultaneously inserted into the aligned workpiece angle positioning hole 904 and tooling angle positioning hole 203.

[0050] 5. Radial fixing and machining preparation of housing 9. Take out the two first fastening screws 3 and tighten them symmetrically, aligning them with the two first screw holes 903 on housing 9. Install machining tools: Select a milling cutter and install it into the machining center spindle.

[0051] 6. Internal cavity milling. Start the machining center, and the spindle drives the milling cutter to machine the non-straight-walled internal cavity 905 of the housing 9 with undercut features according to the preset program: first, rough milling is performed, and after rough milling is completed, the program is adjusted to perform finish milling.

[0052] 7. Multi-angle adjustment and continuous machining. After machining the first angle, pause the machining center and turn off the spindle and coolant. Loosen the two first fastening screws 3, loosen the second fastening screw 4, slowly rotate the housing 9, and adjust to the next machining angle according to the above steps. Retighten the second fastening screw 4 and the first fastening screw 3, and start the machine to continue machining. Repeat the above angle adjustment and machining steps to complete the machining of other key angles in sequence.

[0053] 8. Machining completed and disassembly of housing 9. After machining of all angles is completed, shut down the machining center. After the spindle has completely stopped, loosen the two first fastening screws 3 and the second fastening screws 4, and gently pull out housing 9 by hand to complete the machining of a single housing 9.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0055] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0056] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A variable positioning tooling for machining a non-straight-walled inner cavity (905) with a backing feature on a housing (9), wherein one side of the outer wall of the housing (9) has a positioning plane (901), the positioning plane (901) having a first rotary positioning part (902) and two first screw holes (903) distributed on both sides of the first rotary positioning part (902), characterized in that, The variable position tooling includes: The base plate (1) is used to fix the table of the processing equipment; A side plate (2) is vertically fixed to the base plate (1). The side plate (2) is provided with a second rotating positioning part (201) that matches the first rotating positioning part (902). The first rotating positioning part (902) and the second rotating positioning part (201) constitute a rotating pair. The projection line of the trajectory of the first screw hole (903) rotating around the central axis of the first rotating positioning part (902) on the side plate (2) is a first curve. The side plate (2) is also provided with an arc-shaped hole (202) that passes through part of the first curve. A first fastening screw (3) is matched with two first screw holes (903) for fixing the housing (9) to the side plate (2) after the housing (9) is installed to the side plate (2).

2. The variable position tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotary positioning part (902) is a first positioning cylinder protruding from the positioning plane (901) of the housing (9); The second rotary positioning part (201) is a first positioning precision hole that matches the first positioning cylinder.

3. The variable position tooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first positioning cylinder has a second threaded hole passing through the central axis of the first positioning cylinder; The variable position tooling also includes a second fastening screw (4) that matches the second screw hole.

4. The variable position tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotary positioning part (902) is a second positioning precision hole formed on the positioning plane (901) of the housing (9); The second rotary positioning part (201) is a second positioning cylinder that matches the second positioning precision hole.

5. The variable position tooling according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The positioning plane (901) of the housing (9) is provided with a workpiece angle positioning hole (904), and the trajectory of the workpiece angle positioning hole (904) rotating around the central axis of the first rotating positioning part (902) is projected on the side plate (2) as a second curve. The side plate (2) is also provided with a plurality of tooling angle positioning holes (203) evenly distributed along the second curve. The variable positioning fixture also includes a positioning pin (6) for simultaneously inserting into the workpiece angle positioning hole (904) and any of the fixture angle positioning holes (203).

6. The variable position tooling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side plate (2) is provided with angle scale lines (204) distributed along the second curve, and the angle scale lines (204) are located on the side of the side plate (2) where the housing (9) is not installed.

7. The variable position tooling according to claim 6, characterized in that, The interval angle of the tooling angle positioning holes (203) is 1°~3°.

8. The variable position tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable position tooling also includes a reinforcing rib plate (5) disposed between the side plate (2) and the bottom plate (1), the reinforcing rib plate (5) being located on the side of the side plate (2) where the housing (9) is not installed.

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