A polishing wheel assembly for a high efficiency polisher

Abstract

This utility model provides a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine, belonging to the technical field of polishing wheel assemblies. The polishing wheel assembly includes: a wheel body with a central assembly portion centered on the rotation axis and an annular groove extending circumferentially around the central assembly portion; several radial grooves; centrifugal inserts slidably disposed in each radial groove, with their outer end faces forming a polishing working surface and their inner end faces facing the internal cavity of the wheel body; a compression spring abutting between the inner end face of the centrifugal insert and the bottom surface of the radial groove; and an elastic polishing block fixed to the outer end face of the centrifugal insert, its hardness varying gradually along the circumferential direction. When the wheel body rotates, the centrifugal insert slides outward along the radial grooves under centrifugal force. The harder elastic polishing block first protrudes from the outer circumference of the wheel body for rough polishing. As the rotation speed decreases, the compression spring causes the centrifugal insert to move inward, solving the problem that a single polishing wheel cannot automatically switch hardness according to the processing stage, leading to frequent wheel replacements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of polishing wheel assembly, and more specifically, relates to a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine. Background Technology

[0002] A polishing machine is a flexible polishing tool that rotates at medium to high speeds. It is a specialized piece of equipment used to deburr, smooth, gloss, and improve the feel of wooden workpieces such as solid wood, plywood, and MDF. It is widely used in the manufacturing of custom wardrobes, dining tables and chairs, musical instrument shells, flooring, and decorative moldings. Its basic structure consists of a bed, a spindle system, a workpiece clamping device, and a polishing wheel assembly. The spindle drives the polishing wheel to rotate at high speed via a belt or direct drive. The workpiece is fed at a uniform speed through a vacuum adsorption platform or pressure rollers, and comes into contact with the elastic abrasive or felt on the surface of the polishing wheel. Relying on the elasticity of the fibers and the micro-abrasive action, the surface wood fibers are flattened, the pores are closed, and the gloss is improved.

[0003] The polishing wheel assembly of a traditional wooden furniture polishing machine is usually made of an elastic polishing body of a single hardness or a single material bonded to an aluminum wheel core. While this structure is easy to manufacture, it reveals significant drawbacks in complex conditions such as curved solid wood surfaces, panel joints, or open paint pores: First, polishing wheels with fixed hardness cannot simultaneously meet the needs of coarse grinding to remove ripples and fine polishing to preserve wood grain. Workshops have to equip the same workpiece with multiple wheels such as abrasive cloth wheels, wool wheels, and sponge wheels, leading to frequent downtime for replacement, readjustment, and balancing, which seriously affects production line utilization. Second, repeated disassembly and assembly not only increases the labor intensity of workers but also easily introduces dynamic balance errors, causing periodic bright and dark bands or "sunshine patterns" on the furniture surface, reducing the consistency after coating. Third, switching between multiple wheels requires a large number of spare parts, occupying valuable woodworking workshop storage space and increasing working capital. Fourth, traditional wheels lack effective heat dissipation and dust removal channels. The heat generated by high-speed friction can easily soften elastic materials and age resin layers, resulting in burnt smells, dust indentations, or fiber shedding defects. Fifth, traditional structures can only be scrapped as a whole after their lifespan expires, and cannot be replaced in parts, creating secondary solid waste in addition to wood dust. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine, which solves the problem that a single polishing wheel cannot automatically switch hardness according to the processing stage, resulting in the need for frequent wheel replacement.

[0005] This utility model is implemented as follows: This utility model provides a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine, comprising: The wheel body has a central assembly portion centered on the axis of rotation and an annular groove region extending circumferentially around the central assembly portion; Several radial grooves are distributed at equal angular intervals along the circumference in the annular groove area. Each radial groove extends radially inward from the outer circumferential surface of the wheel body and communicates with the internal cavity of the wheel body. Centrifugal inserts are slidably disposed in each radial groove, with their outer end faces forming a polishing working surface and their inner end faces facing the internal cavity of the wheel body. A compression spring is placed between the inner end face of the centrifugal insert and the bottom surface of the radial groove to push the centrifugal insert toward the outer periphery of the wheel. An elastic polishing block is fixed to the outer end face of a centrifugal insert, and its hardness varies in a gradient along the circumferential direction. When the wheel rotates, the centrifugal insert slides outward along the radial groove under the action of centrifugal force. The elastic polishing block with higher hardness first protrudes out of the outer periphery of the wheel for rough polishing. As the rotation speed decreases, the compression spring causes the centrifugal insert to move inward, and the elastic polishing block with lower hardness participates in polishing in turn, realizing the adaptive switching of the same polishing wheel to the three modes of hard, medium and soft.

[0006] The technical effects of the polishing wheel assembly of the high-efficiency polishing machine provided by this utility model are as follows: Through the purely mechanical coupling of "wheel body - radial groove - centrifugal insert - compression spring - elastic polishing block", the polishing wheel can automatically switch between hard, medium and soft polishing modes by relying solely on the dynamic balance of centrifugal force and spring force during rotation. This not only saves downtime caused by manual wheel changing, but also avoids coaxiality errors caused by frequent disassembly and assembly, thereby achieving continuous rough, medium and fine polishing operations on the same machine tool, significantly improving processing efficiency and surface consistency.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the polishing wheel assembly of the high-efficiency polishing machine of this utility model can be further improved as follows: The wheel body is an integrally formed disc-shaped component, and its central assembly part is provided with an axially penetrating conical mounting hole for mating with the conical surface of the polishing machine spindle. The annular groove area is formed by radially extending outward from the outer edge of the central assembly part.

[0008] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the disc-shaped integral molded wheel body and the conical mounting hole form a self-locking conical surface fit, which ensures coaxiality and rigidity during high-speed rotation, while eliminating the need for additional locking parts, making disassembly and assembly a one-step process and reducing maintenance costs.

[0009] Furthermore, the radial groove has a rectangular cross-section, and the two side walls of the groove are provided with radially extending guide protrusions. The centrifugal insert is provided with a guide groove that slides with the guide protrusions, thereby restricting the centrifugal insert to only move back and forth in the radial direction.

[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improved scheme are as follows: the sliding fit between the rectangular radial groove and the guide ridge-guide groove provides precise radial guidance for the centrifugal insert, suppresses circumferential wobbling, avoids uneven wear, ensures that each elastic polishing block always works on the same circumferential surface, and extends its service life.

[0011] Furthermore, a stepped surface is formed at the outer end opening of the radial groove. This stepped surface engages circumferentially with the outer end face of the centrifugal insert when the centrifugal insert moves to its limit position, so as to prevent the centrifugal insert from falling out.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the step surface and the outer end face of the centrifugal block engage to form a mechanical limit, which not only prevents the block from flying out at high speed, but also acts as a hard limit, ensuring that the amount of protrusion is constant during the "hard polishing" stage and that the surface removal rate is stable and reliable.

[0013] Furthermore, the compression spring is a cylindrical helical spring, with one end abutting against the central recess on the bottom surface of the radial groove and the other end abutting against the central boss on the inner end face of the centrifugal insert, so as to maintain the radial alignment of the spring.

[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the two ends of the cylindrical helical spring are respectively embedded with recesses and protrusions to achieve automatic centering, avoid jamming caused by the side bending of the spring, and ensure that the centrifugal force and the rebound force always act along the same axis, resulting in rapid response and longer service life.

[0015] Furthermore, a limiting ring groove is provided around the central boss on the inner end face of the centrifugal insert, and the outer ring of the compression spring is sleeved in the limiting ring groove to prevent the spring from moving radially.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the limiting ring groove constrains the outer ring of the spring, completely eliminating radial movement, and maintaining constant elastic force even under frequent start-stop conditions, ensuring high repeatability of hardness switching points.

[0017] Furthermore, the elastic polishing block is fixed to the outer end face of the centrifugal insert through a dovetail-shaped fitting structure. The narrow end of the dovetail-shaped fitting structure faces the inside of the wheel body, and the wide end faces the outer periphery of the wheel body, so as to realize the quick assembly and disassembly of the elastic polishing block.

[0018] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the dovetail-shaped interlocking structure makes the elastic polishing block more and more tightly locked when subjected to centrifugal force in the radial direction, and it can be replaced by simply pushing it along the tangent when the machine stops, realizing tool-free quick replacement and greatly reducing downtime maintenance time.

[0019] Furthermore, the outer surface of the elastic polishing block is an arc surface, the radius of which is equal to the outer circumference radius of the wheel body, so that the outer surfaces of each elastic polishing block together form a continuous circumferential polishing surface when the centrifugal insert moves to its extreme position.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: the outer arc surfaces of each elastic polishing block are combined to form a complete circumference at the extreme position, eliminating the seam marks of the traditional segmented polishing wheel, resulting in a higher surface finish and better visual consistency of the processed surface.

[0021] Furthermore, the elastic polishing blocks are arranged in ascending order of hardness along the circumference of the wheel body, so that the hardness difference between adjacent elastic polishing blocks is a continuous transition, thereby reducing abrupt changes in polishing marks.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are: the hardness increases monotonically along the circumference and the difference between adjacent values ​​is ≤5HA, forming a continuous gradient that is invisible to the naked eye, avoiding scratches caused by sudden changes in hardness, and achieving a true "smooth transition polishing", which is particularly suitable for mirror-grade requirements.

[0023] Furthermore, the wheel body has radially penetrating heat dissipation holes on the outer edge of the annular groove area. These heat dissipation holes are arranged alternately with the radial sliding grooves to form a penetrating airflow during rotation, which carries away the polishing heat.

[0024] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned improvement scheme are as follows: the staggered heat dissipation holes form a through airflow when rotating at high speed, which can carry away frictional heat in time, reduce the temperature rise of the elastic polishing block, prevent the material from softening or burning the workpiece, and at the same time reduce thermal deformation and maintain polishing dimensional accuracy.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the polishing wheel assembly of the high-efficiency polishing machine provided by this utility model are as follows: The centrifugal insert adaptive hardness polishing wheel provided by this utility model realizes the adaptive switching of hardness driven by rotation speed through a purely mechanically coupled "wheel body - radial groove - centrifugal insert - compression spring - elastic polishing block" system, thereby bringing significant comprehensive benefits. Firstly, in terms of process, the same wheel can be efficiently polished at high speeds using a harder, more elastic polishing block, and then semi-finished and finished polished at medium and low speeds using medium and softer elastic polishing blocks respectively. This completely eliminates the need for wheel changes, machine adjustments, and tool setting, significantly shortening the processing cycle per piece and accelerating the production line cycle time. Secondly, in terms of quality, the continuous gradient hardness design eliminates the seam marks and coaxiality errors caused by traditional multi-wheel switching, resulting in a high degree of consistency in workpiece surface roughness and gloss, meeting the requirements for a mirror-like appearance. Thirdly, in terms of cost, the wheel body is reusable, and the elastic polishing blocks can be quickly changed without tools through a dovetail interlocking structure, reducing spare parts inventory, minimizing maintenance downtime, and lowering overall operating costs. In addition, the high-speed through-flow formed by the staggered heat dissipation holes effectively removes frictional heat, preventing material softening and workpiece burning, and extending the service life of the wheel body and polishing blocks. Finally, in terms of environmental protection, performance can be restored by partially replacing worn elastic polishing blocks, reducing the scrapping of the entire wheel and lowering solid waste emissions. Overall, this utility model solves the long-standing problem of "multiple hardnesses in one machine" with its minimalist mechanical structure, enabling high-efficiency polishing machines to take a key step in the direction of flexible, efficient, and green manufacturing. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 An example diagram of a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine; Figure 2 A top view of the polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine; Figure 3 A side view of the polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 10. Wheel body; 11. Annular groove area; 20. Radial groove; 21. Centrifugal insert; 22. Compression spring; 23. Elastic polishing block; 24. Guide ridge. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figures 1-3 The image shown is an example diagram of a polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine provided by this utility model, comprising: The wheel body 10 has a central assembly portion centered on the axis of rotation and an annular groove region 11 extending circumferentially around the central assembly portion; Several radial grooves 20 are distributed at equal angular intervals along the circumference in the annular groove area 11. Each radial groove 20 extends radially inward from the outer circumferential surface of the wheel body 10 and communicates with the internal cavity of the wheel body 10. Centrifugal insert 21 is slidably disposed in each radial groove 20, its outer end face forming a polishing working surface, and its inner end face facing the internal cavity of the wheel body 10. A compression spring 22 abuts against the inner end face of the centrifugal insert 21 and the bottom surface of the radial groove 20 to push the centrifugal insert 21 toward the outer periphery of the wheel body 10. The elastic polishing block 23 is fixed to the outer end face of the centrifugal insert 21, and its hardness varies in a gradient along the circumferential direction. When the wheel 10 rotates, the centrifugal insert 21 slides outward along the radial groove 20 under the action of centrifugal force. The elastic polishing block 23 with higher hardness first protrudes out of the outer periphery of the wheel 10 for rough polishing. As the rotation speed decreases, the compression spring 22 causes the centrifugal insert 21 to move inward, and the elastic polishing block 23 with lower hardness participates in polishing in turn, realizing the adaptive switching of the same polishing wheel for the three modes of hard, medium and soft.

[0030] Specific operating steps: Insert the wheel directly into the machine tool spindle through the tapered mounting hole and lock it. Start the spindle at high speed; centrifugal force causes the hardest elastic polishing block to protrude for rough polishing. Gradually reduce the speed, and the compression spring sequentially pushes out the medium and softer elastic polishing blocks, achieving medium and fine polishing. After processing, stop the machine; the elastic polishing blocks automatically return to their original positions. If necessary, quickly replace the worn blocks along the dovetail groove and continue to the next round of work. The entire process requires no disassembly of the polishing wheel and no intelligent electronic control; the three-stage polishing is completed solely by changes in rotation speed.

[0031] In the above technical solution, the wheel body is an integrally formed disc-shaped component, and its central assembly part is provided with an axially penetrating conical mounting hole for mating with the conical surface of the polishing machine spindle. The annular groove area 11 is formed by radially extending outward from the outer edge of the central assembly part.

[0032] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the radial groove 20 has a rectangular cross-section, and the two side walls of the groove are provided with radially extending guide protrusions 24. The centrifugal insert 21 is provided with a guide groove that slides with the guide protrusions 24, thereby restricting the centrifugal insert 21 to only move radially back and forth.

[0033] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a stepped surface is formed at the outer end opening of the radial groove 20. When the centrifugal insert 21 moves to the limit position, the stepped surface engages circumferentially with the outer end face of the centrifugal insert 21 to prevent the centrifugal insert 21 from falling out.

[0034] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the compression spring 22 is a cylindrical helical spring, with one end abutting against the central recess on the bottom surface of the radial groove 20 and the other end abutting against the central boss on the inner end face of the centrifugal insert 21, so as to maintain the radial alignment of the spring.

[0035] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a limiting ring groove is provided around the central boss on the inner end face of the centrifugal insert 21, and the outer ring of the compression spring 22 is sleeved in the limiting ring groove to prevent the spring from moving radially.

[0036] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the elastic polishing block 23 is fixed to the outer end face of the centrifugal insert 21 by a dovetail-shaped fitting structure. The narrow end of the dovetail-shaped fitting structure faces the inside of the wheel body 10, and the wide end faces the outer periphery of the wheel body 10, so as to realize the quick assembly and disassembly of the elastic polishing block 23.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the outer surface of the elastic polishing block 23 is an arc surface, and the radius of the arc surface is equal to the outer circumference radius of the wheel body 10, so that the outer surfaces of each elastic polishing block 23 together form a continuous circumferential polishing surface when the centrifugal insert 21 moves to the extreme position.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the elastic polishing blocks 23 are arranged in ascending order of hardness along the circumference of the wheel body 10, so that the hardness difference between adjacent elastic polishing blocks 23 is continuously transitioned, thereby reducing abrupt changes in polishing marks.

[0039] To achieve a gradual increase in hardness along the circumference of the wheel and a continuous transition in hardness difference between adjacent blocks, the following configuration is adopted: (1) Divide the elastic polishing block into several hardness levels, with the difference in Shore hardness between adjacent levels not exceeding 5HA, in order to eliminate sudden changes in hardness. (2) A dovetail-shaped fitting groove is opened on the outer end face of each centrifugal insert, and a micro-arc positioning ridge extends from the center of the bottom surface of the fitting groove along the tangent direction of the wheel body. (3) Each elastic polishing block is formed by vulcanizing a base elastomer and a surface polishing layer. The base elastomer uses the same substrate. By continuously changing the content of foaming agent or plasticizer in the substrate along the circumference of the wheel, the hardness of the base elastomer increases monotonically from one end of the wheel circumference to the other. (4) The surface polishing layer is a microporous polyurethane sheet of the same thickness, and its micropore density is kept constant along the circumference of the wheel body to ensure consistent polishing performance. (5) Cut the base elastomer with continuously varying hardness into single pieces that match the dovetail groove on the outer end face of the centrifugal insert, and insert them into the corresponding dovetail grooves in order of increasing hardness. The positioning ridge engages with the positioning groove on the bottom surface of the base elastomer to ensure accurate circumferential positioning. (6) Since the hardness of the base elastomer changes continuously in the circumferential direction, the hardness difference between adjacent elastic polishing blocks at the joint is reduced to a minimum, achieving a smooth transition that is invisible to the naked eye, and the polishing marks are not abrupt.

[0040] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the wheel body has radially penetrating heat dissipation holes on the outer edge of the annular groove area. These heat dissipation holes are arranged alternately with the radial sliding grooves to form a penetrating airflow during rotation, which carries away the polishing heat.

[0041] First embodiment: This embodiment is applied to a continuous mirror polishing production line for aluminum alloy mobile phone frames. The wheel body is integrally machined from an aerospace-grade aluminum forging blank, with an outer diameter slightly larger than the width of the frame to be processed. The central assembly part is a short tapered sleeve structure, which is directly heat-fitted onto the tapered shank of the high-speed spindle of the machine tool without the need for an additional keyway. Eight rectangular radial grooves are evenly opened in the annular groove area, and the side walls of each groove are milled to obtain guide ridges. The centrifugal insert is made of copper alloy powder metallurgy, and the outer end face is first machined with a dovetail groove, and then vulcanized to form a three-layer elastic polishing block: the outer layer is a hard polyurethane polishing layer, the middle layer is a medium-hardness microporous rubber, and the inner layer is a soft foamed silicone, with the hardness of the three layers increasing sequentially along the circumference. The compression spring is made of piano wire, with one end abutting against the central recess on the bottom surface of the groove, and the other end abutting against the boss on the inner end face of the insert. The preload is calculated to ensure that the hardest polyurethane layer protrudes to form the outer circular working surface at the rated maximum speed.

[0042] During operation, the spindle starts at a high speed, and centrifugal force causes the eight hardest polyurethane pieces to extend simultaneously, efficiently removing tool marks from the aluminum alloy frame. The system then decelerates according to a set curve, with medium-hardness microporous rubber taking over the contact, eliminating rough polishing scratches. Finally, the speed is further reduced, and soft foamed silicone completes the mirror finish. The entire process requires no machine stoppage for wheel changes; a single clamping operation enables continuous rough-medium-finish machining. The production line cycle time has been reduced from two minutes (three wheel changes) to thirty seconds of continuous operation. Surface roughness has decreased from Ra0.15μm to below Ra0.02μm, with no visible tool marks. Because the heat dissipation holes and grooves of the aluminum wheel body form a through-ventilation channel, the temperature rise is less than 15 degrees Celsius after two hours of continuous operation, and the elastic layer shows no softening or peeling, doubling the wheel's lifespan.

[0043] Second embodiment: This embodiment applies to the wet polishing process of stainless steel surgical instrument handles. The wheel body is made of stainless steel disc forgings, and the tapered hole, sliding groove, and heat dissipation hole are machined in one go by a five-axis machining center to ensure high coaxiality. The radial sliding grooves are changed to six, with a rectangular cross-section but slightly shallower groove depth to match the smaller workpiece size. The centrifugal insert is made of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone injection molding, which is lightweight and corrosion resistant. Only two layers of elastic polishing blocks are embedded in the dovetail groove at the outer end: the outer layer is medium-hardness cerium oxide-containing polyurethane, and the inner layer is soft wool felt composite silicone. The hardness difference between the two layers is also continuously transitioned along the circumference. The compression spring is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel wire, and a polytetrafluoroethylene sheath is fitted on the outer ring to prevent corrosion by the wet polishing fluid.

[0044] During operation, the machine tool starts at medium speed in a closed wet polishing chamber. Centrifugal force causes the outer cerium oxide-containing polyurethane layer to protrude, quickly removing oxide scale and scratches from the stainless steel tool holder. Subsequently, the speed gradually decreases to low speed, and the wool felt-silicone composite layer lightly contacts the workpiece, utilizing the micro-abrasives in the polishing fluid to achieve mirror-like polishing. Due to the corrosion resistance of the inserts and springs, the entire wheel can run continuously in the polishing fluid for eight hours without jamming. Six grooves and heat dissipation holes form a spiral airflow, carrying away the heat and moisture generated by wet polishing and preventing thermal deformation of the workpiece. Ultimately, the surface roughness of the tool holder is reduced from Ra0.10μm to Ra0.01μm, meeting the requirements for a medical-grade mirror finish. Furthermore, because there is no need to replace the traditional wool wheel and polishing wheel, the wheel change time per batch is reduced from twenty minutes to zero, and the production line yield is increased by five percent.

[0045] Specifically, the principle of this invention is as follows: The core of this invention lies in utilizing the dynamic balance between the centrifugal force caused by changes in rotational speed and the restoring force of the compression spring to drive the centrifugal inserts to reciprocate within the radial groove, thereby altering the hardness of the elastic polishing blocks involved in the work. When the wheel rotates, the centrifugal force on each centrifugal insert is proportional to its mass, the square of its rotational speed, and the radius of rotation, while the restoring force generated by the compression spring is only linearly related to the deformation. When the spindle starts and reaches a higher speed, the centrifugal force quickly overcomes the spring preload, pushing the centrifugal inserts outward along the radial groove. The hardest elastic polishing block protrudes first from the outer circumference of the wheel and contacts the workpiece, achieving rapid removal. As the speed is reduced by program commands or the operator, the centrifugal force decreases accordingly, and the compression spring gradually pulls the centrifugal inserts back, allowing the medium-hardness elastic polishing blocks to take over contact with the workpiece for semi-finish polishing. After further speed reduction, the softer elastic polishing blocks finally participate in the work, completing low-damage fine polishing. The entire process requires no sensors, controllers, or external energy sources, relying solely on the single variable of rotational speed to sequentially switch between three modes: "hard," "medium," and "soft." Simultaneously, the rectangular cross-section of the radial groove, in conjunction with the guide ridge and guide groove, provides gapless linear guidance for the centrifugal insert, preventing circumferential sway. The stepped surface and limiting ring groove mechanically limit the centrifugal insert and compression spring, ensuring stable protrusion and elasticity at each stage. The dovetail interlocking structure forms a self-locking mechanism under centrifugal force, ensuring the elastic polishing block does not detach at high speeds, while allowing for quick manual disassembly when the machine stops. The circumferential gradient hardness design ensures that the hardness difference between adjacent elastic polishing blocks is below the scratch threshold perceptible to the human eye, achieving a truly smooth transition. The heat dissipation holes generate radial-axial composite airflow during high-speed rotation, promptly removing frictional heat and reducing temperature rise. Through this multi-mechanical synergy, this invention achieves multi-hardness continuous polishing functionality—a feature typically achieved only in traditional multi-wheel systems—in a simple, reliable, and low-cost purely mechanical manner, endowing high-efficiency polishing machines with greater flexibility, efficiency, and green manufacturing potential.

Claims

1. A polishing wheel assembly for a high-efficiency polishing machine, characterized in that, include: The wheel body has a central assembly portion centered on the axis of rotation and an annular groove region extending circumferentially around the central assembly portion; Several radial grooves are distributed at equal angular intervals along the circumference in the annular groove area. Each radial groove extends radially inward from the outer circumferential surface of the wheel body and communicates with the internal cavity of the wheel body. Centrifugal inserts are slidably disposed in each radial groove, with their outer end faces forming a polishing working surface and their inner end faces facing the internal cavity of the wheel body. A compression spring is placed between the inner end face of the centrifugal insert and the bottom surface of the radial groove to push the centrifugal insert toward the outer periphery of the wheel. An elastic polishing block is fixed to the outer end face of a centrifugal insert, and its hardness varies in a gradient along the circumferential direction. When the wheel rotates, the centrifugal insert slides outward along the radial groove under the action of centrifugal force. The elastic polishing block with higher hardness first protrudes out of the outer periphery of the wheel for rough polishing. As the rotation speed decreases, the compression spring causes the centrifugal insert to move inward, and the elastic polishing block with lower hardness participates in polishing in turn, realizing the adaptive switching of the same polishing wheel to the three modes of hard, medium and soft.

2. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wheel body is an integrally formed disc-shaped component, with an axially penetrating tapered mounting hole in its central assembly part for mating with the tapered surface of the polishing machine spindle. The annular groove area is formed by radially extending outward from the outer edge of the central assembly part.

3. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radial groove has a rectangular cross-section, and the two side walls of the groove are provided with radially extending guide protrusions. The centrifugal insert is provided with a guide groove that slides with the guide protrusions, thereby restricting the centrifugal insert to only move back and forth in the radial direction.

4. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A stepped surface is formed at the outer end opening of the radial groove. When the centrifugal insert moves to its limit position, the stepped surface engages circumferentially with the outer end face of the centrifugal insert to prevent the centrifugal insert from falling out.

5. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The compression spring is a cylindrical helical spring, with one end abutting against the central recess on the bottom surface of the radial groove and the other end abutting against the central boss on the inner end face of the centrifugal insert to maintain the radial alignment of the spring.

6. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The centrifugal insert has a limiting ring groove around the central boss on the inner end face. The outer ring of the compression spring is fitted into the limiting ring groove to prevent the spring from moving radially.

7. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic polishing block is fixed to the outer end face of the centrifugal insert by a dovetail-shaped fitting structure. The narrow end of the dovetail-shaped fitting structure faces the inside of the wheel body, and the wide end faces the outer periphery of the wheel body, so as to realize the quick assembly and disassembly of the elastic polishing block.

8. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer surface of the elastic polishing block is an arc surface, and the radius of the arc surface is equal to the outer circumference radius of the wheel body, so that the outer surfaces of each elastic polishing block together form a continuous circumferential polishing surface when the centrifugal insert moves to its extreme position.

9. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The elastic polishing blocks are arranged in ascending order of hardness along the circumference of the wheel body, so that the hardness difference between adjacent elastic polishing blocks is continuously transitioned, thereby reducing abrupt changes in polishing marks.

10. The polishing wheel assembly of a high-efficiency polishing machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The wheel body has radially penetrating heat dissipation holes on the outer edge of the annular groove area. These heat dissipation holes are arranged alternately with the radial sliding grooves to form a penetrating airflow during rotation, which carries away the polishing heat.

Images