An adaptive lifting dust cover for woodworking machinery

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of woodworking machinery technology and relates to an adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery, including a dust hood, an adjustment module, and a lifting assembly for driving the dust hood to rise and fall. The adjustment module includes a dust sensor, a wind sensor, a position sensor, an angle encoder, and a control unit. The dust sensor is used to monitor the dust concentration and particle size distribution in the dust suction chamber, the wind sensor is used to monitor the wind speed and air pressure in the dust suction chamber, the position sensor is used to collect the height information of the dust hood, and the angle encoder is mounted on the A-axis of the main shaft to obtain the swing angle of the A-axis. Based on the data collected by the adjustment module, the control unit adjusts the height of the dust hood through the lifting assembly and / or adjusts the output power of the external negative pressure device. The solution provided by this application has the advantages of adaptively adjusting the dust suction height, real-time monitoring of dust concentration, and automatic matching of working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of woodworking machinery technology, and in particular to an adaptive lifting dust cover for woodworking machinery. Background Technology

[0002] During woodworking machining, wood cutting generates a large amount of dust. This dust not only severely pollutes the working environment and harms the respiratory health of operators, but long-term accumulation can also lead to accelerated wear of equipment transmission components and even cause safety accidents such as dust explosions. Existing dust collection devices in woodworking machinery generally suffer from three major technical bottlenecks: First, the fixed-height dust hoods cannot adapt to the needs of workpieces with varying thicknesses. When the spindle performs three-dimensional curved surface machining, changes in the distance between the fixed dust hood and the workpiece surface cause airflow turbulence, creating significant dust-collecting dead zones. Second, traditional devices lack real-time dust concentration monitoring capabilities, and cannot promptly increase suction power in response to sudden changes in milling depth or the machining of hardwood materials. Third, existing manual adjustment methods rely on operator experience, requiring machine shutdown during adjustment, which affects processing efficiency and makes it difficult to guarantee adjustment accuracy. More seriously, when the spindle performs A-axis oscillation machining, the sealing performance of the fixed dust hood decreases sharply with increasing oscillation angle, causing dust leakage. These problems severely restrict the intelligent upgrading of high-precision woodworking machining centers and the achievement of green production standards. To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Utility Model Content

[0003] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery, which has the advantages of adaptively adjusting the dust collection height, real-time monitoring of dust concentration, and automatic matching of working conditions, thereby realizing dynamic matching of dust collection efficiency and intelligent control of energy consumption.

[0004] This application provides an adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery, including a dust hood, an adjustment module, and a lifting assembly for driving the dust hood to move up and down along the main shaft axis; The dust collection hood is fitted around the outer periphery of the woodworking machinery spindle, and has an annular brush at its bottom. The annular brush forms a dust collection chamber, and the processing end of the spindle is located inside the dust collection chamber. The dust collection hood has at least two suction ports that communicate with the dust collection chamber, and the suction ports are connected to an external negative pressure device through pipes. The adjustment module is located inside the suction chamber and includes a dust sensor, a wind sensor, a position sensor, an angle encoder, and a control unit. The dust sensor is used to monitor the dust concentration and particle size distribution inside the suction chamber. The wind sensor is used to monitor the wind speed and air pressure inside the suction chamber. The position sensor is used to collect the height information of the suction hood. The angle encoder is mounted on the A-axis of the main shaft and is used to obtain the swing angle of the A-axis. Based on the data collected by the adjustment module, the control unit adjusts the height of the dust hood through the lifting component and / or adjusts the output power of the external negative pressure device to match the working conditions.

[0005] In some embodiments, the lifting assembly includes a bracket and a servo motor. The bracket is fixed to the outer periphery of the main shaft, the servo motor is mounted on the bracket, and the output shaft of the servo motor is provided with a gear. The outer wall of the dust collection hood is provided with a rack that meshes with the gear. The bracket is provided with a slider, and the outer wall of the dust collection hood is vertically provided with a linear guide rail. The slider slides in cooperation with the linear guide rail to guide the dust collection hood to rise and fall.

[0006] In some embodiments, an elastic annular ring is provided at the contact point between the dust hood and the main shaft, with the inner ring of the elastic annular ring fitting against the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft and the outer ring connected to the inner wall of the dust hood.

[0007] In some embodiments, the dust sensor is a laser particle size analyzer with a detection range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm and a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.

[0008] In some embodiments, the wind sensor includes an anemometer and a pressure sensor; the anemometer is located inside the channel of the suction port and is used to measure the real-time wind speed passing through the suction port; the pressure sensor is located on the inner wall of the suction chamber and is used to measure the air pressure value inside the suction chamber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the position sensor is a magnetic ruler displacement sensor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the annular brush is detachably mounted at the bottom of the dust collection hood. The annular brush is made of antistatic nylon filaments with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, and the bristle density of the annular brush is >50 bristles / mm². 2 .

[0011] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects: The adaptive lifting dust hood provided by this invention is applied in the field of woodworking machinery. Through dust and wind sensors, combined with a control unit, the dust hood's suction power is adjusted in real time. This allows for precise adaptation to complex working conditions such as fluctuating dust concentration and changes in air pressure, catering to the processing characteristics of different materials and tools, maintaining optimal dust collection performance, and avoiding the ineffective energy consumption of traditional fixed-power modes. Simultaneously, by collecting A-axis oscillation information in real time through an angle encoder and performing spatial coordinate transformation, the control unit maintains the optimal distance between the dust hood and the processing area, eliminating blind spots and solving the problem of dust capture during complex curved surface processing. Finally, the control unit can dynamically adjust parameters based on real-time monitoring data and continuously improve the control strategy through self-learning optimization, significantly enhancing the equipment's adaptability to diverse processing needs. Attached Figure Description The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive dust hood for woodworking machinery shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of the adaptive dust collection hood for woodworking machinery shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a top view of an adaptive dust hood for woodworking machinery shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between the adaptive dust collection hood and the spindle of a woodworking machine, as shown in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is an assembly schematic diagram of an adaptive dust collection hood for woodworking machinery shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a five-axis woodworking machining center shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0013] Figure label: 1. Dust hood; 2. Adjustment module; 3. Lifting assembly; 31. Bracket; 32. Servo motor; 33. Rack; 34. Slider; 35. Linear guide rail; 4. Circular brush; 5. Suction port; 6. Pipe; 7. Spindle; 8. A-axis. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Preferred embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0015] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery. By monitoring processing parameters in real time and adaptively adjusting the height and suction power of the dust hood 1, dynamic matching of dust collection efficiency and intelligent control of energy consumption are achieved.

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] See Figures 1 to 6 This utility model provides an adaptive lifting dust hood for use in a five-axis machining center, including a dust hood 1, an adjustment module 2, and a lifting assembly 3 for driving the dust hood 1 to move up and down along the spindle 7 axis; The dust collection hood 1 is fitted around the outer periphery of the woodworking machinery spindle 7, and has an annular brush 4 at its bottom. The annular brush 4 forms a dust collection chamber, and the processing end of the spindle 7 is located inside the dust collection chamber. The dust collection hood 1 has at least two suction ports 5 that communicate with the dust collection chamber, and the suction ports 5 are connected to an external negative pressure device through a pipe 6. The adjustment module 2 is located inside the dust suction chamber and includes a dust sensor, a wind sensor, a position sensor, an angle encoder, and a control unit. The dust sensor is used to monitor the dust concentration and particle size distribution inside the dust suction chamber. The wind sensor is used to monitor the wind speed and air pressure inside the dust suction chamber. The position sensor is used to collect the height information of the dust suction hood 1. The angle encoder is mounted on the A-axis 8 of the main shaft 7 and is used to obtain the swing angle of the A-axis 8. Based on the data collected by the adjustment module 2, the control unit adjusts the height of the dust hood 1 through the lifting component 3 and / or adjusts the output power of the external negative pressure device to match the working conditions.

[0018] The adaptive lifting dust hood provided by this invention is applied in the field of woodworking machinery. Through dust and wind sensors, combined with a control unit, the dust collection power of the dust hood 1 is adjusted in real time. This allows for precise adaptation to complex working conditions such as fluctuating dust concentration and changes in air pressure, catering to the processing characteristics of different materials and tools, maintaining optimal dust collection performance, and avoiding the ineffective energy consumption of traditional fixed power modes. Simultaneously, by collecting the A-axis 8 swing information in real time through an angle encoder and performing spatial coordinate transformation, the control unit can maintain the optimal distance between the dust hood 1 and the processing area at the processing end, eliminating blind spots and solving the problem of dust capture during complex curved surface processing. Finally, the control unit can dynamically adjust parameters based on real-time monitoring data and continuously improve the control strategy through self-learning optimization, significantly enhancing the equipment's adaptability to diverse processing needs.

[0019] Furthermore, the lifting assembly 3 includes a bracket 31 and a servo motor 32. The bracket 31 is fixed to the outer periphery of the main shaft 7, the servo motor 32 is mounted on the bracket 31, and the output shaft of the servo motor 32 is provided with a gear. The outer wall of the dust collection hood 1 is provided with a rack 33 that meshes with the gear. The bracket 31 is provided with a slider 34, and the outer wall of the dust collection hood 1 is vertically provided with a linear guide rail 35. The slider 34 slides in cooperation with the linear guide rail 35 to guide the dust collection hood 1 to rise and fall.

[0020] Specifically, the servo motor 32 can be a closed-loop control type servo motor 32 with an encoder. Its output shaft is rigidly connected to the gear via a coupling. The gear module can be set to 2~3, and the number of teeth can be 20~30. The rack 33 is bolted to the outer wall of the dust collection hood 1. The meshing clearance between the rack 33 and the gear is adjusted to a range of 0.1~0.2mm using shims. The linear guide rail 35 is preferably a ball bearing linear guide rail 35, and the slider 34 is equipped with a ball bearing circulation device. The bracket 31 is connected to the main shaft 7 via an interference fit through a flange. Through the synergistic effect of the gear and rack 33 transmission and the linear guide rail 35 guidance, precise control and stable guidance of the lifting process of the dust collection hood 1 are achieved. When the servo motor 32 drives the gear to rotate, the rack 33 drives the dust collection hood 1 to move linearly along the linear guide rail 35. The sliding fit between the slider 34 and the guide rail effectively eliminates lateral clearance and ensures the verticality of the lifting trajectory. Compared with traditional screw lifting mechanisms, this structure has advantages such as high transmission efficiency, fast response speed, and good positioning accuracy. It can quickly respond to the height adjustment command of the control unit and adapt to the dust collection needs under different processing conditions.

[0021] Furthermore, an elastic annular ring is provided at the contact point between the dust hood 1 and the main shaft 7. The inner ring of the elastic annular ring is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft 7, and the outer ring is connected to the inner wall of the dust hood 1.

[0022] Specifically, the elastic ring is made of rubber or silicone, possessing wear resistance and high-temperature resistance. The cross-sectional shape of the elastic ring is circular or rectangular, with a thickness of 2-5 mm. The elastic ring is installed in an annular groove on the inner wall of the dust hood 1 via an interference fit. The depth of the annular groove is slightly less than the thickness of the elastic ring to ensure pre-tightening force after installation. As a preferred embodiment, the inner surface of the elastic ring has a spiral groove with a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm for storing lubricating grease. Further, the outer ring of the elastic ring is fixed to the inner wall of the dust hood 1 using an adhesive, specifically an epoxy resin adhesive. By providing an elastic ring between the dust hood 1 and the main shaft 7, the problem of decreased sealing performance of the dust hood 1 due to vibration generated during high-speed rotation of the main shaft 7 is effectively solved. The inner ring of the elastic ring fits tightly against the main shaft 7, forming a dynamic seal and preventing dust from escaping through the contact gap. Meanwhile, the elastic deformation of the elastic ring can compensate for the radial runout of the main shaft 7, maintain a stable sealing effect, improve the sealing reliability of the dust hood 1 under different operating conditions of the main shaft 7, and reduce the risk of dust leakage.

[0023] Furthermore, the dust sensor is a laser particle size analyzer, which has a detection range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm and a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.

[0024] Specifically, the laser particle size analyzer measures the particle size distribution of dust particles using the principle of laser diffraction. The detection range covers 0.1μm to 100μm, accurately capturing ultrafine dust to larger particles generated during wood processing. With a sampling frequency set to 10Hz, it can achieve 10 real-time data acquisitions per second, ensuring rapid response to changes in dust concentration. As a preferred implementation, the laser particle size analyzer can use a helium-neon laser light source with a wavelength of 632.8nm, combined with a multi-element photodetector array, to achieve continuous measurement across the entire range. Furthermore, the instrument's optical system can be equipped with an autofocus module to compensate for optical path offset caused by vibration of the dust collection hood. The data processing unit uses Mie scattering theory to perform particle size inversion calculations and communicates with the control unit via an RS485 interface.

[0025] In some embodiments, the wind sensor includes an anemometer and a pressure sensor; the anemometer is located in the channel of the suction port 5 and is used to measure the real-time wind speed passing through the suction port 5; the pressure sensor is located on the inner wall of the suction chamber and is used to measure the air pressure value inside the suction chamber.

[0026] Specifically, the anemometer uses a hot-wire anemometer with a measurement range of 0.1 m / s to 30 m / s and a response time of less than 50 ms, enabling it to accurately capture instantaneous changes in airflow at the suction port 5. The pressure sensor is a piezoresistive micro-pressure sensor with a range of ~10 kPa to 10 kPa and an accuracy of ±0.5% FS, capable of real-time monitoring of air pressure fluctuations within the suction chamber. In a preferred embodiment, the anemometer is installed in the center of the suction port 5 channel, fixed by a bracket 31 and positioned parallel to the airflow direction; the pressure sensor is arranged in an annular groove on the inner wall of the suction chamber, with its sensing surface flush with the inner wall to avoid airflow interference. Thus, data from both sensors are transmitted to the control unit via a shielded cable, with the sampling frequency synchronously set to 10 Hz.

[0027] Furthermore, the position sensor is a magnetic ruler displacement sensor.

[0028] Furthermore, the annular brush 4 is detachably mounted at the bottom of the dust collection cover 1. The annular brush 4 is made of anti-static nylon filaments with a diameter of 0.1mm to 0.3mm, and the bristle density of the annular brush 4 is >50 bristles / mm². 2 .

[0029] Specifically, the annular brush 4 is fixed to the bottom edge of the dust cover 1 by a snap-fit ​​or threaded structure, facilitating disassembly, replacement, or maintenance. The diameter range of the anti-static nylon filaments has been optimized, with fine filaments of 0.1mm to 0.15mm suitable for intercepting fine dust, medium-diameter filaments of 0.15mm to 0.25mm balancing flexibility and rigidity, and coarse filaments of 0.25mm to 0.3mm suitable for high-impact conditions. The bristle density is >50 bristles / mm². 2 The design ensures the formation of a continuous, sealed barrier; in practical implementation, a denser arrangement of 60-80 strands / mm² can be used. As a preferred embodiment, the antistatic nylon yarn surface is fluorinated, with a surface resistivity controlled at 10 Ω·cm. ^6 ~10 ^9 Ω range.

[0030] The following describes the working process of the adaptive lifting dust cover of this utility model using MDF as an example, with milling performed using a 20mm diameter end mill.

[0031] 1. The operator inputs the tool parameters (length 100mm, diameter 20mm) and selects MDF on the touch panel of the five-axis machining center. The control system automatically jumps to the initial parameter combination from the database. This initial parameter combination includes: the initial height of the dust hood 1 is 10mm above the tool tip, the initial wind speed is 20m / s, and the dust concentration threshold is 5mg / m³. 3 .

[0032] 2. The system collects data every 100ms. If at a certain moment, the dust sensor detects a dust concentration of 6mg / m³... 3 If the wind speed is 19.5 m / s, the system first lowers the height of the dust hood 1 from 10 mm to 8 mm at a speed of 50 mm / s. After adjustment, if the dust concentration reaches the threshold, the system stops. If the dust concentration still exceeds the threshold, the system increases the output power of the external negative pressure device. Once the dust concentration drops to the threshold, the system maintains the current state. If continuously increasing the output power of the external negative pressure device still fails to reduce the dust concentration, the system issues an alarm through the alarm light on the five-axis machining center and guides the operator to check the filter components of the external negative pressure device via the touch panel.

[0033] 3. During machining, axis A8 begins to oscillate. The angle encoder detects a 15° change in the angle of axis A8. The system calculates, through a spatial coordinate transformation algorithm, that the dust hood 1 needs to be moved upwards by 2mm to maintain the optimal distance from the machining area. At this moment, the system immediately drives servo motor 32 to move the dust hood 1 upwards by 2mm, maintaining its relative position with the tool tip.

[0034] 4. After completing the processing of the board material, the system records the optimal parameter combination for this processing (i.e., for MDF material, when using a 20mm diameter end mill, the optimal dust hood height is 8mm and the optimal wind speed is 19.5m / s). This set of parameters is updated in the database, forming a processing technology knowledge base. As the number of times it is used increases, the control strategy will be continuously optimized.

[0035] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An adaptive lifting dust extraction hood for woodworking machinery, characterized in that, It includes a dust hood (1), an adjustment module (2), and a lifting assembly (3) for driving the dust hood (1) to move up and down along the main shaft (7) axially; The dust collection hood (1) is fitted around the outer periphery of the woodworking machinery spindle (7), and an annular brush (4) is provided at its bottom. The annular brush (4) forms a dust collection chamber. The processing end of the spindle (7) is located inside the dust collection chamber. The dust collection hood (1) is provided with at least two suction ports (5) that communicate with the dust collection chamber. The suction ports (5) are connected to an external negative pressure device through a pipe (6). The adjustment module (2) is located inside the dust suction chamber and includes a dust sensor, a wind sensor, a position sensor, an angle encoder, and a control unit. The dust sensor is used to monitor the dust concentration and particle size distribution inside the dust suction chamber. The wind sensor is used to monitor the wind speed and air pressure inside the dust suction chamber. The position sensor is used to collect the height information of the dust suction hood (1). The angle encoder is mounted on the A-axis (8) of the main shaft (7) and is used to obtain the swing angle of the A-axis (8). Based on the data collected by the adjustment module (2), the control unit adjusts the height of the dust hood (1) through the lifting component (3) and / or adjusts the output power of the external negative pressure device to match the working conditions.

2. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (3) includes a bracket (31) and a servo motor (32). The bracket (31) is fixed to the outer periphery of the main shaft (7). The servo motor (32) is mounted on the bracket (31), and the output shaft of the servo motor (32) is equipped with a gear. The outer wall of the dust collection hood (1) is equipped with a rack (33) that meshes with the gear. The bracket (31) is equipped with a slider (34), and the outer wall of the dust collection hood (1) is vertically equipped with a linear guide rail (35). The slider (34) slides in cooperation with the linear guide rail (35) to guide the dust collection hood (1) to rise and fall.

3. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, An elastic ring is provided at the contact point between the dust hood (1) and the main shaft (7). The inner ring of the elastic ring is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft (7), and the outer ring is connected to the inner wall of the dust hood (1).

4. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust sensor is a laser particle size analyzer, which has a detection range of 0.1 μm to 100 μm and a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.

5. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind sensor includes an anemometer and a pressure sensor; the anemometer is located in the channel of the adsorption port (5) and is used to measure the real-time wind speed passing through the adsorption port (5); the pressure sensor is located on the inner wall of the dust collection chamber and is used to measure the air pressure value in the dust collection chamber.

6. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The position sensor is a magnetic ruler displacement sensor.

7. The adaptive lifting dust hood for woodworking machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular brush (4) is detachably mounted on the bottom of the dust collection cover (1). The annular brush (4) is made of antistatic nylon filaments with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. The bristle density of the annular brush (4) is >50 bristles / mm². 2 .

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