A screw conveying structure, a screw conveying device and a shield tunneling machine

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) technology, and discloses a spiral conveying structure, a spiral conveying device, and a TBM. The spiral conveying structure includes spiral blades and a central shaft. The first end of the spiral blades is the input end, and the second end is the output end. The central shaft is detachably mounted on the second end of the spiral blades and can rotate synchronously with the spiral blades. The input end of the spiral conveying structure adopts a shaftless design, effectively avoiding entanglement of sticky soil and entangled debris, significantly reducing the risk of blockage, and can also convey larger-diameter soil lumps and rocks. The output end of the spiral conveying structure adopts a shaft design, effectively preventing spiral gushing and ensuring the stability of the excavation face and the stability of the conveying. If the conveyed soil contains large-sized soil lumps or rocks, the central shaft at the output end can be removed to ensure smooth soil conveying. It is flexible in use and can be applied to different geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and in particular to a spiral conveying structure, a spiral conveying device, and a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a specialized engineering machine for tunnel excavation, capable of excavating and cutting soil, transporting excavated material, and assembling tunnel linings. The screw conveyor system utilizes the friction between the screw blades and the excavated material to push it from the inlet to the outlet, while dynamically maintaining pressure balance within the soil chamber to ensure the stability of the excavation face and prevent surface subsidence or collapse.

[0003] Existing screw conveyor systems, when applied to complex geological conditions such as those rich in clay, sand, and gravel, are prone to problems. Clay easily adheres to and solidifies on the screw blades, leading to a reduction in the effective volume of the conveying channel, a sharp increase in torque, and ultimately, blockage and interruption of slag discharge. Furthermore, they require high uniformity of the slag; large-particle slag has low conveying efficiency and is prone to screw jetting, causing a sudden drop in soil pressure, seriously threatening the stability of the excavation face, and resulting in environmental pollution and equipment damage. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a spiral conveying structure, a spiral conveying device, and a tunnel boring machine. This spiral conveying structure can ensure the smooth conveying of viscous slag and effectively avoid spiral gushing.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, a spiral conveying structure is provided, including a spiral blade and a central shaft. The first end of the spiral blade is an input end and the second end is an output end. The central shaft is detachably disposed at the second end of the spiral blade and can rotate synchronously with the spiral blade.

[0007] The spiral conveyor structure has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, the central shaft is separated from the spiral blades, and only the spiral blades are used to convey the slag. In the second working state, the central shaft is located at the second end of the spiral blades.

[0008] As an optional solution for the spiral conveyor structure, the spiral blades are provided with a wear-resistant layer.

[0009] As an optional solution for the screw conveyor structure, the pitch at the input end is greater than the pitch at the output end.

[0010] Secondly, a screw conveying device is provided, including a sleeve, a drive mechanism, and the aforementioned screw conveying structure;

[0011] The sleeve surrounds an installation chamber, the spiral conveying structure is rotatably disposed within the installation chamber and connected to the output end of the drive mechanism, and the spiral blades rotate under the drive of the drive mechanism.

[0012] As an alternative to the screw conveyor, the inlet end of the sleeve is positioned at a lower height than the outlet end of the sleeve.

[0013] As an alternative to the screw conveyor, the screw conveyor also includes a support member that is supported on the sleeve.

[0014] As an optional solution for the screw conveyor, the sleeve is composed of multiple sleeve segments spliced ​​together.

[0015] As an optional solution for the screw conveyor, each of the sleeve segments is provided with an observation window.

[0016] As an alternative to the screw conveyor, the first end of the screw blade is provided with a connecting joint, which is configured to be connected to the output end of the drive mechanism.

[0017] Thirdly, a tunnel boring machine is provided, including the main body of the tunnel boring machine and the aforementioned screw conveyor device.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] This utility model provides a spiral conveying structure, a spiral conveying device, and a tunnel boring machine. The input end of the spiral conveying structure adopts a shaftless design, effectively avoiding entanglement of sticky soil and tangled debris, significantly reducing the risk of blockage, while also being able to convey larger-diameter soil lumps and rocks. The output end of the spiral conveying structure adopts a shaft design, effectively preventing spiral gushing and ensuring the stability of the excavation face and the stability of the conveying process. If the conveyed soil contains large-sized soil lumps or rocks, the central shaft of the output end can be removed to ensure smooth soil conveying. This design offers flexibility and is suitable for various geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral conveying structure provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a front view of the spiral conveyor structure provided in the specific embodiments of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the screw conveyor device provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4This is a side view of the tunnel boring machine provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1. Helical blades; 2. Central shaft;

[0026] 10. Sleeve; 11. Sleeve segment; 12. Observation window; 20. Support component;

[0027] 100. Main body of the tunnel boring machine. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0029] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0031] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0032] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Firstly, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a screw conveyor structure, including a screw blade 1 and a central shaft 2. The first end of the screw blade 1 is the input end, and the second end is the output end. The central shaft 2 is detachably mounted on the second end of the screw blade 1 and can rotate synchronously with the screw blade 1. The screw conveyor structure has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, the central shaft 2 is separated from the screw blade 1, and only the screw blade 1 is used to convey the slag. In the second working state, the central shaft 2 is mounted on the second end of the screw blade 1.

[0034] When the screw conveyor structure is in its second working state, the excavated soil enters from the first end of the screw blade 1 and is gradually conveyed to the second end under the rotation of the screw blade 1. During the tunnel boring machine's excavation, the excavated soil is likely to contain entangled debris such as stones, branches, plastics, and fibers. Since only the screw blade 1 is used to convey the excavated soil, it effectively avoids the entanglement of sticky soil and entangled debris, significantly reducing the risk of blockage. It can also convey larger-diameter soil clods and stones. When the excavated soil reaches the second end, the central shaft 2 effectively prevents screw jetting, ensuring the stability of the excavation face and the stability of the conveying process.

[0035] If the transported slag contains large clods of soil or stones, the central shaft 2 can be removed to switch the screw conveyor structure to the first working state, ensuring smooth transport and making it more flexible and applicable to different geological conditions.

[0036] Specifically, the second end of the spiral blade 1 is snapped onto the central shaft 2 or connected by a commonly used detachable connection method such as bolts, as long as it is ensured that the central shaft 2 can rotate synchronously with the spiral blade 1 in the second working state.

[0037] Optionally, a wear-resistant layer is provided on the spiral blade 1. Because the slag and soil will experience continuous and intense friction and scraping against the spiral blade 1 during transportation, the spiral blade 1 will gradually thin until it breaks. The wear-resistant layer can slow down the wear rate of the spiral blade 1, thereby extending its service life. Specifically, the wear-resistant layer can be a wear-resistant plate, which is detachably mounted on the spiral blade 1, such as a wear-resistant steel plate or wear-resistant ceramic patch; or, the wear-resistant layer can be a coating applied to the surface of the spiral blade 1, such as by high-speed spraying of wear-resistant alloy or ceramic powder onto the surface of the spiral blade 1.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pitch at the input end of the helical blade 1 is equal to the pitch at the output end, that is, an equal pitch design is adopted.

[0039] In other embodiments, the pitch at the input end of the helical blade 1 is greater than the pitch at the output end, i.e., the helical blade 1 adopts a gradually decreasing pitch. The larger pitch at the input end provides a larger capacity for the incoming slag. As the helical blade 1 rotates, the pitch of the helical blade 1 gradually decreases, and the volume of the helical groove also gradually decreases. The slag is progressively compressed and compacted, and air is gradually discharged, eventually forming a tight plug at the output end. The output is continuous, stable, and controllable, and the entire conveying process is relatively gentle, effectively avoiding sudden jamming or blockage.

[0040] Secondly, such as Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a screw conveyor device, including a sleeve 10, a drive mechanism, and the aforementioned screw conveyor structure. The sleeve 10 surrounds an installation chamber, and the screw conveyor structure is rotatably disposed within the installation chamber and connected to the output end of the drive mechanism. Under the drive of the drive mechanism, the screw blades 1 rotate to realize the conveying of slag. This screw conveyor device possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned screw conveyor structure, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0041] Furthermore, combined Figure 4 The inlet end of sleeve 10 is positioned lower than the outlet end, meaning sleeve 10 is tilted. Slag is a complex mixture, potentially containing large stones, clay, and debris, which can easily create an "arching effect" and cause blockages within the installation chamber. The lower inlet and higher outlet position allows the slag to move continuously under the propulsion of the spiral blades 1, effectively preventing minor jamming and reducing the risk of complete blockage. Furthermore, slag generates a large amount of dust during transport. The lower inlet and higher outlet position ensures that the air pressure at the outlet is relatively lower than the air pressure inside sleeve 10. As dust rises, it is hindered by the slag, reducing dust dispersion and improving the working environment.

[0042] Furthermore, continue to refer to Figure 4 The spiral support device also includes a support member 20, which supports the sleeve 10 to ensure the stability of the sleeve 10. Specifically, multiple support members 20 can be spaced apart along the extension direction of the sleeve 10 to achieve uniform support at multiple points on the sleeve 10. Exemplarily, in this embodiment, only one support member 20 is provided; in other embodiments, the number of support members 20 can be set as needed, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0043] Optionally, such as Figure 3As shown, the sleeve 10 is composed of multiple sleeve segments 11 spliced ​​together. During the process of the spiral blade 1 conveying slag, the sleeve 10 is prone to contact with the slag and is susceptible to wear and damage. The segmented splicing design of multiple sleeve segments 11 allows for the individual replacement of damaged sleeve segments 11, significantly reducing maintenance time and costs, as well as minimizing downtime. Furthermore, the modular splicing design allows for flexible adjustment of the number of sleeve segments 11 according to the length of the spiral blade 1, providing greater flexibility.

[0044] Furthermore, continue to refer to Figure 3 Each sleeve segment 11 is equipped with an observation window 12 for visual inspection and monitoring, facilitating daily inspection and status monitoring, and greatly improving maintenance efficiency. Specifically, the observation window 12 is made of highly transparent, oil-resistant, and wear-resistant engineering plastics, such as polyurethane and polycarbonate, to ensure that the observation window 12 remains clear for a long time and is not easily scratched.

[0045] Optionally, a connecting joint is provided at the first end of the helical blade 1. The connecting joint is configured to connect to the output end of the drive mechanism to facilitate quick connection and assembly between the helical blade 1 and the drive mechanism. Specifically, the connecting joint is a conventional existing structure, and its specific structure and principle are based on existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] For example, the drive mechanism is a motor commonly used in the art.

[0047] Thirdly, such as Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also provides a tunnel boring machine, including a tunnel boring machine body 100 and the above-mentioned screw conveyor device, which has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned screw conveyor device, and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] Specifically, the tunnel boring machine is also equipped with a conveying device, which is located at the outlet end of the sleeve 10 and is used to receive and convey excavated soil.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the protection scope of this utility model. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A spiral conveying structure, characterized in that, It includes a helical blade (1) and a central shaft (2). The first end of the helical blade (1) is the input end and the second end is the output end. The central shaft (2) is detachably disposed at the second end of the helical blade (1) and can rotate synchronously with the helical blade (1). The spiral conveying structure has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, the central shaft (2) is separated from the spiral blade (1), and only the spiral blade (1) is used to convey slag. In the second working state, the central shaft (2) is located at the second end of the spiral blade (1).

2. The spiral conveying structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral blade (1) is provided with a wear-resistant layer.

3. The spiral conveying structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the input terminal is greater than the pitch of the output terminal.

4. A screw conveyor device, characterized in that, Includes a sleeve (10), a drive mechanism, and the spiral conveying structure described in any one of claims 1-3; The sleeve (10) surrounds the installation chamber, the spiral conveying structure is rotatably disposed in the installation chamber and connected to the output end of the drive mechanism, and the spiral blade (1) rotates under the drive of the drive mechanism.

5. The screw conveyor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the inlet end of the sleeve (10) is lower than the height of the outlet end of the sleeve (10).

6. The screw conveyor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The screw conveyor also includes a support member (20) which is supported on the sleeve (10).

7. The screw conveyor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sleeve (10) is composed of multiple sleeve segments (11) spliced ​​together.

8. The screw conveyor according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each of the sleeve segments (11) is provided with an observation window (12).

9. The screw conveyor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first end of the spiral blade (1) is provided with a connecting joint, which is configured to be connected to the output end of the drive mechanism.

10. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, It includes the main body of the tunnel boring machine (100) and the screw conveyor as described in any one of claims 4-9.

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