Biochar production equipment

Abstract

This utility model discloses a biochar production device, belonging to the field of biomass energy technology. The biochar production device includes: a pyrolysis unit, a quenching unit, and a first material transfer device; the pyrolysis unit includes a pyrolysis tube; the quenching unit includes a quenching tube and a liquid nitrogen vaporization component, the first end of the quenching tube being able to connect with the first end of the pyrolysis tube, and the liquid nitrogen vaporization component being connected to the quenching tube, used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporization gas into the quenching tube; the first material transfer device is used to move the material between the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube. Thus, the direct connection between the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube shortens the material transfer path, allowing the high-temperature biochar to quickly enter the quenching stage under the drive of the first material transfer device, avoiding secondary reactions caused by biochar retention; furthermore, the liquid nitrogen vaporization component can improve the cooling efficiency of the biochar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass energy technology, and in particular to a biochar production device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of biomass energy technology, the requirements for the processing quality of biochar are becoming increasingly stringent. Biochar is a porous carbonaceous material produced by the pyrolysis of biomass (such as agricultural and forestry waste, animal manure, etc.) under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions. Due to its large specific surface area and rich pore structure, biochar is widely used in soil improvement, pollutant adsorption, and other fields.

[0003] Currently, biochar production equipment typically includes a pyrolysis unit and a cooling unit. In the preparation of biochar, biomass raw materials are heated in the pyrolysis unit and undergo drying, thermal decomposition and carbonization processes. After volatiles are released, a porous carbon skeleton is formed. Subsequently, the biochar enters the cooling unit, where it is stabilized and solidified by natural cooling.

[0004] However, the aforementioned biochar production equipment dissipates heat only through air convection during the biochar cooling stage, resulting in a slow cooling rate of the biochar after pyrolysis, which in turn leads to low biochar production efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a biochar production device. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] The biochar production equipment includes: a pyrolysis unit, a quenching unit, and a first material transfer unit;

[0007] The pyrolysis device includes a pyrolysis tube, and the first end of the pyrolysis tube has a material outlet;

[0008] The quenching device includes a quenching tube and a liquid nitrogen vaporization component. The first end of the quenching tube has a feed inlet, and the first end of the quenching tube can be connected to the first end of the pyrolysis tube so that the material outlet is connected to the feed inlet. The liquid nitrogen vaporization component is connected to the quenching tube and is used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporization nitrogen gas into the quenching tube.

[0009] One end of the first material transfer device is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube, and the other end is located in the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube. The material transfer assembly is used to drive the material to move in the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube.

[0010] Optionally, the quenching apparatus further includes a cooling tank and a cooling medium located in the cooling tank;

[0011] The second end of the quenching tube has a discharge port, and the cooling tank is connected to the discharge port of the quenching tube;

[0012] The first material transfer device is also used to move the material from the quenching tube to the cooling tank.

[0013] Optionally, the quenching apparatus further includes a stirrer, which is installed in the cooling tank and one end of the stirrer extends into the cooling medium.

[0014] Optionally, the liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vaporizer, a delivery pipeline, and a liquid nitrogen nozzle;

[0015] The liquid nitrogen storage tank and the vaporizer are located outside the quenching tube. The liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the vaporizer. The liquid nitrogen storage tank is used to supply liquid nitrogen to the vaporizer, and the vaporizer is used to convert the liquid nitrogen into liquid nitrogen vaporization gas.

[0016] The two ends of the delivery pipe are respectively connected to the vaporizer and the liquid nitrogen nozzle. The liquid nitrogen nozzle is installed on the quenching tube and is connected to the inner cavity of the quenching tube.

[0017] Optionally, the liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly further includes a solenoid valve and a flow controller;

[0018] Both the solenoid valve and the flow controller are installed on the delivery pipeline.

[0019] Optionally, the first material transfer device includes a linear power assembly and a material pusher plate;

[0020] The linear motion assembly is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube;

[0021] The material pusher plate is installed at the end of the linear power assembly, which drives the material pusher plate to move within the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube.

[0022] Optionally, the biochar production equipment further includes a docking mechanism and a feeding device;

[0023] The docking mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube respectively, and the docking mechanism is used to drive the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube to switch between a separated state and a docked state.

[0024] The feeding device is located outside the pyrolysis tube. When the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are separated, the feeding device can extend into the pyrolysis tube from the material port of the pyrolysis tube to feed material into the pyrolysis tube.

[0025] Optionally, the pyrolysis apparatus further includes a first sealing gate, and the quenching apparatus further includes a second sealing gate;

[0026] The first sealing gate is installed at the material inlet of the pyrolysis tube, and the second sealing gate is installed at the discharge outlet of the quenching tube;

[0027] The pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are arranged coaxially, and the inner diameters of the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are the same.

[0028] Optionally, the pyrolysis apparatus further includes a heating assembly, and the pyrolysis tube includes a reaction chamber and an insulation layer wrapped around the outside of the reaction chamber;

[0029] The heating component is located between the reaction chamber and the insulation layer.

[0030] Optionally, the biochar production equipment further includes: a second material transfer device and a grinding device;

[0031] The second material transfer device is installed at the bottom of the cooling tank, which has a discharge port. The second material transfer device is used to move the material in the cooling tank to the outside of the discharge port.

[0032] The grinding device is located outside the cooling tank and is used to receive and grind the material discharged from the cooling tank.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this utility model embodiment include at least the following:

[0034] A biochar production device is provided, comprising a pyrolysis unit, a quenching unit, and a first material transfer device. The pyrolysis unit includes a pyrolysis tube; the quenching unit includes a quenching tube and a liquid nitrogen vaporization component, the first end of which can be connected to the first end of the pyrolysis tube, and the liquid nitrogen vaporization component is connected to the quenching tube and used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporization gas into the quenching tube; the first material transfer device is used to move the material between the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube. Thus, by integrating the first material transfer device inside the flange-sealed pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube, the first material transfer device drives the material to be directionally transported between the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube, realizing the rapid transfer of biochar between the two tubes. The sealed connection structure maintains the airtightness of the equipment, preventing air infiltration that could lead to biochar oxidation, thereby ensuring stable product quality. Furthermore, the direct connection between the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube shortens the material transfer path, allowing the high-temperature biochar to quickly enter the quenching stage and avoiding secondary reactions caused by biochar retention.

[0035] Furthermore, the cold quenching device combines the rapid cooling of the cold quenching tube with the deep cooling of the cooling tank to form a two-stage cooling structure, achieving controllable deep cooling and improving cooling efficiency. Through the synergistic action of multiple temperature sensors, solenoid valves, flow controllers, and a stirred cooling tank, the device accurately controls the slope of the cooling curve, the inert atmosphere, and the solid-liquid mass transfer efficiency, suppressing secondary pyrolysis and oxidation of biochar. The biochar production equipment can also integrate multiple production modules, including raw material feeding, pyrolysis, quenching, and post-processing, to achieve continuous production, resulting in smaller batch-to-batch variations in the specific surface area and porosity of biochar products, thus improving product consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biochar production equipment provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cold quenching device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pyrolysis device and a first material transfer device in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another biochar production equipment provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another pyrolysis device and a first material transfer device provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another cold quenching device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a grinding device provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0045] Biochar production equipment 10; pyrolysis device 11, pyrolysis tube 111, reaction chamber 1111, insulation layer 1112; material inlet k1, first sealing gate 112, vacuum mechanism 113, vacuum pump 1131, vacuum tube 1132, ammonia mechanism 114, ammonia tank 1141, ammonia inlet nozzle 1142, push rod baffle 115; quenching device 12, quenching tube 121, feed inlet k2, discharge outlet k3, liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly 122, liquid nitrogen storage tank 1221, vaporizer 1222, conveying pipeline 1223, liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224, cooling tank 123, discharge port k4, cooling medium 124, agitator 125, second sealing gate 126, third sealing gate 127, closure device 128; first material transfer device 13, linear power assembly 131, material pusher plate 132; docking mechanism 14; second material transfer device 15; grinding device 16. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Although the present invention can be readily embodied in various forms, only some specific embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail in this specification. It is understood that this specification should be regarded as an exemplary illustration of the principles of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention to what is described herein.

[0048] Therefore, a feature pointed out in this specification is used to describe one feature of one embodiment of the present invention, and does not imply that every embodiment of the present invention must have the described feature. Furthermore, it should be noted that this specification describes many features. Although certain features may be combined to illustrate possible system designs, these features may also be used in other combinations not explicitly stated. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the described combinations are not intended to be limiting.

[0049] In the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) used to explain the structure and movement of the various elements of this invention are relative rather than absolute. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the descriptions of the positions of these elements change, these directional indications also change accordingly.

[0050] Biochar, as a green material that combines soil improvement and carbon sequestration, can increase organic carbon content and improve fertility when applied to soil. It also plays a long-term role in carbon sequestration, contributing to mitigating climate change. Furthermore, biochar's rich porous structure and oxygen-containing functional groups (such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups) give it excellent adsorption properties, effectively fixing heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil or water. Therefore, it shows promising application prospects in environmental remediation, sustainable agricultural development, and carbon neutrality.

[0051] Current biochar production equipment primarily uses open tanks or ordinary tubular structures for cooling, relying solely on natural air convection for heat dissipation. This results in pyrolysis biochar cooling from a high temperature (500℃) to room temperature taking several hours, leading to low heat dissipation efficiency and failing to meet the demands of continuous industrial production. Furthermore, the pyrolysis and cooling units are separate structures, making it easier for high-temperature biochar to come into contact with air during transfer. This not only causes oxidation losses but also prolongs the transfer time, further reducing cooling efficiency. In addition, the excessively long cooling time can lead to secondary pyrolysis or pore structure collapse of the biochar within the unit, resulting in a decrease in specific surface area and deterioration of adsorption performance. Moreover, the lack of critical components such as temperature sensors and flow control valves in the cooling units makes it impossible to precisely control the cooling rate, termination temperature, and environmental atmosphere (such as vacuum or inert gas protection). This results in poor controllability of the cooling process, significant batch-to-batch product performance fluctuations, and affects the physicochemical stability and application consistency of the biochar.

[0052] This utility model provides a biochar production device that can solve some or all of the technical problems in the prior art.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biochar production device 10 provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cold quenching device 12 provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. The biochar production equipment 10 may include: a pyrolysis device 11, a cold quenching device 12 and a first material transfer device 13.

[0054] The pyrolysis apparatus 11 may include a pyrolysis tube 111, the first end of which may have a material inlet k1; the material inlet k1 may be either a discharge port k3 or a feed port k2. The pyrolysis tube 111 may include a vacuum tube pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis tube 111 may adopt a double-layer high-temperature resistant quartz tube structure, wherein the inner quartz tube is the reaction chamber 1111, and the outer quartz tube is the insulation layer 1112. A first flange interface is provided at the material inlet k1 of the pyrolysis tube 111.

[0055] The quenching device 12 includes a quenching tube 121 and a liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly 122. The first end of the quenching tube 121 has a feed inlet k2, which can be connected to the first end of the pyrolysis tube 111, allowing the material outlet k1 to communicate with the feed inlet k2. The quenching tube 121 may include a quartz tube structure, the inner diameter of which may be the same as the inner diameter of the inner quartz tube of the pyrolysis tube 111. A second flange interface may be provided at the discharge outlet k3 of the quenching tube 121, enabling a flange-sealed connection between the quenching tube 121 and the pyrolysis tube 111 via the second flange interface and the first flange interface.

[0056] The liquid nitrogen vaporization component 122 is connected to the quenching tube 121, and is used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporized gas into the quenching tube 121. The liquid nitrogen vaporized gas generated by liquid nitrogen vaporization can reach a temperature of -50°C to -100°C when it is first vaporized from liquid nitrogen (-196°C). The liquid nitrogen vaporized gas can be used for low-temperature cooling. Thus, by injecting liquid nitrogen vaporized gas into the quenching tube 121, the material (biochar) in the quenching tube 121 can be rapidly cooled.

[0057] One end of the first material transfer device 13 is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube 111, and the other end is located in the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121. The first material transfer device 13 is used to drive the material to move in the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121. The material transfer assembly may include a mechanical transmission assembly, such as a screw conveyor or a pusher plate.

[0058] By assembling the other end of the first material transfer device 13 into the sealed pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121, a pyrolysis-cold quenching linkage structure for efficient biochar transfer can be formed. That is, by integrating the other end of the material transfer device inside the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121, and by using a mechanical transmission component to achieve directional material transport, continuous movement of biochar between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 is ensured.

[0059] Because the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 are directly connected, the material transfer assembly can transfer biochar from the pyrolysis tube 111 to the quenching tube 121 in a shorter time, thereby shortening the material transfer time and improving the transfer efficiency of biochar in continuous production processes. Furthermore, the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 are connected by a flange seal, which maintains the airtightness of the system and prevents air from seeping into the two tubes and causing oxidation of the biochar during transfer.

[0060] In summary, this utility model embodiment provides a biochar production device 10 including a pyrolysis device 11, a quenching device 12, and a first material transfer device 13. The pyrolysis device 11 may include a pyrolysis tube 111; the quenching device 12 includes a quenching tube 121 and a liquid nitrogen vaporization component 122, the first end of the quenching tube 121 being able to connect with the first end of the pyrolysis tube 111, and the liquid nitrogen vaporization component 122 being connected to the quenching tube 121 and used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporization gas into the quenching tube 121; the first material transfer device 13 is used to drive the material to move between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121. Thus, by integrating the first material transfer device 13 inside the flange-sealed pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121, the first material transfer device 13 drives the material to be directionally transported between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube, realizing the rapid transfer of biochar between the two tubes. The sealed connection structure maintains the airtightness of the equipment, preventing air infiltration that could lead to biochar oxidation and thus ensuring stable product quality. The direct connection between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 shortens the material transfer path, allowing the high-temperature biochar to quickly enter the quenching stage and avoiding secondary reactions caused by biochar retention. Furthermore, by injecting liquid nitrogen into the quenching tube 121 to vaporize nitrogen, rapid cooling of the material within the tube can be achieved.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an optional embodiment, the quenching apparatus 12 may further include a cooling tank 123 and a cooling medium 124 located in the cooling tank 123; the second end of the quenching tube 121 has a discharge port k3, and the cooling tank 123 is connected to the discharge port k3 of the quenching tube 121; the first material transfer device 13 is further used to carry material from the quenching tube 121 to the cooling tank 123. The cooling tank 123 may include a stainless steel tank body; for example, the volume of the cooling tank 123 may be 50L to 200L, and the outer side of the cooling tank 123 may have a cooling insulation layer 1112. The cooling medium 124 may include a dry ice-ethanol mixture.

[0062] By introducing liquid nitrogen vaporization into the quenching tube 121, the biochar in the quenching tube 121 is rapidly cooled. The rapidly cooled biochar is then moved to the cooling tank 123, where the cooling medium 124 further cools the biochar. Thus, by combining the rapid cooling of the quenching tube 121 with the deep cooling of the cooling tank 123, a two-stage cooling structure is formed, improving cooling efficiency. For example, experiments have shown that the biochar can be cooled from its pyrolysis temperature (500℃) to 50℃ to 100℃ within 10 to 30 seconds, and further rapidly cooled to -50℃ to -30℃.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 2In an optional embodiment, the quenching apparatus 12 may further include a stirrer 125, which is installed in the cooling tank 123 with one end extending into the cooling medium 124. The stirrer 125 mechanically agitates the cooling medium 124 (dry ice-ethanol mixture) and biochar in the cooling tank 123, thereby breaking down the temperature boundary layer in the dry ice-ethanol mixture and allowing the biochar particles to fully contact the cooling medium 124, thus shortening the quenching time. Furthermore, mechanical agitation improves the heat exchange efficiency between the cooling medium 124 and the biochar, preventing uneven cooling of the biochar in certain areas.

[0064] The agitator 125 can be made of stainless steel, which gives it corrosion resistance.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 2 In one optional embodiment, the liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly 122 includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1221, a vaporizer 1222, a delivery pipe 1223, and a liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 1221 and the vaporizer 1222 are located outside the quenching tube 121. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 1221 is connected to the vaporizer 1222, and the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1221 is used to deliver liquid nitrogen to the vaporizer 1222. The vaporizer 1222 is used to convert the liquid nitrogen into liquid nitrogen vaporized gas. The two ends of the delivery pipe 1223 are connected to the vaporizer 1222 and the liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224, respectively. The liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224 is installed on the quenching tube 121 and is connected to the inner cavity of the quenching tube 121. The outlet of the liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224 can be located at the second end of the quenching tube 121, thereby reducing the impact of the liquid nitrogen nozzle 1224 on the first material transfer device 13.

[0066] In an alternative embodiment, the liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly 122 may further include a solenoid valve and a flow controller; both the solenoid valve and the flow controller are mounted on the delivery pipe 1223. The solenoid valve and the flow controller can be used to control the injection rate of nitrogen gas for liquid nitrogen vaporization, thereby reducing the temperature inside the quenching tube 121 to 50°C to 100°C within 10 to 30 seconds.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, the quenching apparatus 12 further includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is installed inside the quenching tube 121, and the second temperature sensor is installed in the cooling tank 123. The first and second temperature sensors can monitor the temperature in the quenching tube 121 and the cooling tank 123 in real time. The measurement range of the first temperature sensor can be -100°C to 300°C, and the measurement range of the second temperature sensor can be -80°C to 20°C.

[0068] The first temperature sensor can also be electrically connected to the flow controller, enabling the flow controller to automatically adjust the flow rate of liquid nitrogen vaporization based on the internal temperature of the quenching tube 121. The second temperature sensor can be electrically connected to the stirrer 125, enabling the stirrer to automatically adjust its stirring speed based on the internal temperature of the cooling tank 123.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pyrolysis device 11 and a first material transfer device 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, the first material transfer device 13 may include a linear power assembly 131 and a material pusher plate 132. The linear power assembly 131 is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube 111; the material pusher plate 132 is installed at the end of the linear power assembly 131. The linear power assembly 131 is used to drive the material pusher plate 132 to move within the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121. The linear power assembly 131 may include a drive motor and a telescopic rod. The drive motor may be located outside the second end of the pyrolysis tube 111, and the telescopic rod may extend from the second end of the pyrolysis tube 111 into the interior of the pyrolysis tube 111 and be fixedly connected to the material pusher plate 132. For example, the thrust range of the linear power assembly 131 may be 50N to 100N, and the material pusher plate 132 may be made of a high-temperature resistant material. For example, the material of the material pusher plate 132 may include stainless steel. Driven by the linear motion assembly 131, the material pusher plate 132 can push the material in the pyrolysis tube 111 to the quenching tube 121, and also push the material in the quenching tube 121 to the cooling tank 123. Thus, through the linear motion assembly 131 and the material pusher plate 132, the rapid transfer of biochar from the pyrolysis tube 111 to the quenching tube 121 can be completed within 5 seconds, shortening the material transfer time.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another biochar production device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the pyrolysis tube 111 can be arranged coaxially with the cold quenching tube 121, and the inner diameters of the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 are the same. In this way, the airtightness of the connection between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 can be improved.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the biochar production equipment 10 may further include a docking mechanism 14 and a feeding device (not shown in the figure); the docking mechanism 14 is connected to the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 respectively, and the docking mechanism 14 is used to switch the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 between a separated state and a docked state; the feeding device is located outside the pyrolysis tube 111, and when the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 are in the separated state, the feeding device can extend into the pyrolysis tube 111 from the material port k1 of the pyrolysis tube 111 to convey material into the pyrolysis tube 111. Figure 1 As shown, the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold extraction tube 121 are in a docked state, as... Figure 4 As shown, the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold extraction tube 121 are in a separate state.

[0072] The docking mechanism 14 achieves precise switching between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 in a separated state and a sealed docking state via mechanical drive (such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod). When the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 are in the separated state, they can be cleaned, maintained, or serviced, and materials can be fed into the pyrolysis tube 111. When the pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 are in the docking state, the biochar production process can be carried out.

[0073] The feeding device may include a drive belt, a telescopic feeding arm or a screw conveyor. When the pyrolysis tube 111 is separated from the quenching tube 121, the feeding device can extend into the material port k1 of the pyrolysis tube 111 to realize the quantitative feeding of biomass raw materials.

[0074] In one exemplary embodiment, when the docking mechanism 14 drives the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube 121 to be in a separated state, the included angle between the axial direction of the pyrolysis tube 111 and the axial direction of the quenching tube 121 can be 90 degrees, thereby reducing the impact of the quenching tube 121 on the feeding device.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another pyrolysis device 11 and a first material transfer device 13 provided in this embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of another cold quenching device 12 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, the pyrolysis device 11 further includes a first sealing gate 112, and the cold quenching device 12 further includes a second sealing gate 126. The first sealing gate 112 is installed at the material inlet k1 of the pyrolysis tube 111, and the second sealing gate 126 is installed at the discharge outlet k3 of the cold quenching tube 121. Both the first sealing gate 112 and the second sealing gate 126 can switch between an open state and a closed state. For example, when the pyrolysis tube 111 is in the working state, the first sealing gate 112 can be in the closed state to improve the airtightness of the pyrolysis tube 111. When the first material transfer device 13 moves the material from the pyrolysis tube 111 to the cold quenching tube 121, the first sealing gate 112 can be in the open state.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a grinding device 16 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, the biochar production equipment 10 may further include: a second material transfer device 15 and a grinding device 16; the second material transfer device 15 is installed at the bottom of a cooling tank 123, the cooling tank 123 has a discharge port k4, and the second material transfer device 15 is used to move the material in the cooling tank 123 to the outside of the discharge port k4; the grinding device 16 is located on the outside of the cooling tank 123, and the grinding device 16 is used to receive and grind the material discharged from the cooling tank 123. The quenching device 12 also includes a third sealing gate 127 and a closing device 128. The third sealing gate 127 is installed at the discharge port k4 of the cooling tank 123, and the closing device 128 is installed at the inlet of the cooling tank 123, and the closing device 128 can close or open the inlet of the cooling tank 123.

[0077] The grinding device 16 can be directly connected to the discharge port k4. Alternatively, the biochar production equipment 10 can also include a material conveying mechanism, which can be connected to both the discharge port k4 of the cooling tank 123 and the grinding device 16. The material conveying mechanism can receive the mixture of biochar and cooling medium 124 output from the cooling tank 123, and after the biochar cooling medium 124 evaporates, it can convey the biochar to the grinding device 16. The grinding device 16 can include a ball mill equipped with a 0.1mm to 0.5mm screen for pulverizing the cooled biochar to a specified particle size.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, the pyrolysis apparatus 11 may further include a heating component (not shown in the figure), and the pyrolysis tube 111 includes a reaction chamber 1111 and a heat insulation layer 1112 wrapped around the outside of the reaction chamber 1111; the heating component is located between the reaction chamber 1111 and the heat insulation layer 1112.

[0079] For example, the heating assembly includes an electric heating wire wound around the outside of the reaction chamber 1111. Compared to the heating rod built into the pyrolysis tube 111 in the related art, the electric heating wire wound around the outside of the reaction chamber 1111 avoids direct contact with the material, preventing damage to the heating element caused by carbon buildup or chemical corrosion; and the circumferentially uniformly distributed electric heating wire can reduce the temperature difference on the surface of the reaction chamber 1111, improving the temperature uniformity of heating, while the built-in heating rod is prone to causing local overheating.

[0080] In one exemplary embodiment, the pyrolysis apparatus may further include a thermocouple and a temperature controller. The temperature controller may be electrically connected to the thermocouple and the heating element, respectively. The thermocouple may be installed inside the pyrolysis apparatus 11 to achieve automatic control of the temperature inside the pyrolysis tube 111. Through experiments, a heating rate of 5°C / min to 10°C / min can be achieved, and the maximum temperature of the pyrolysis tube 111 can be raised to 1000°C.

[0081] The pyrolysis apparatus 11 also includes a vacuum mechanism 113 and an ammonia mechanism 114. The vacuum mechanism 113 may include a vacuum pump 1131, a vacuum tube 1132, and a vacuum gauge. The ultimate vacuum of the vacuum pump 1131 is ≤1 Pa. The vacuum pump 1131 can be connected to the pyrolysis tube 111 through the vacuum tube 1132, and the vacuum level inside the pyrolysis tube 111 can be monitored in real time by the vacuum gauge, thus achieving a vacuum environment inside the pyrolysis tube 111. The ammonia mechanism 114 may include an ammonia tank 1141 and an ammonia inlet nozzle 1142 that leads into the pyrolysis tube 111, for achieving ammonia atmosphere heat treatment of biochar. The vacuum tube 1132 and the ammonia inlet nozzle 1142 can extend into the interior of the pyrolysis tube 111 from its second end. A pusher baffle 115 is also provided at the second end of the pyrolysis tube 111. This pusher baffle 115 prevents the material pusher plate 132 from contacting the inlet of the vacuum tube 1132 and the outlet of the ammonia inlet nozzle 1142, thus avoiding obstruction of these components. The material pusher plate 132 can be a porous mesh structure to ensure air permeability.

[0082] The biochar production apparatus may also include a PLC controller, which can be electrically connected to mechanisms such as the pyrolysis device 11, the quenching device 12, the first material transfer device 13, the docking mechanism 14, and the feeding device to realize automated processes.

[0083] The biochar production equipment 10 in this embodiment of the invention achieves rapid transfer and controllable deep cooling of biochar by integrating a sealing docking mechanism 14 between the pyrolysis device 11 and the quenching device 12, a linear module-driven material transfer unit, and a two-stage gradient cooling system, effectively shortening the high-temperature residence time. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of multiple temperature sensors, flow controllers, and a stirred cooling tank 123, the slope of the cooling curve, the inert atmosphere, and the solid-liquid mass transfer efficiency are accurately controlled to suppress secondary cracking and oxidation of biochar. The biochar production equipment 10 can also integrate multiple production modules such as raw material feeding, pyrolysis, quenching, and post-processing to achieve continuous production, resulting in a smaller batch variation rate of specific surface area and porosity of biochar products, thus improving product consistency.

[0084] For example, the cold quenching device 12 adopts a composite structure of direct heat exchange of liquid nitrogen vaporization and secondary cooling by cooling medium 124, and is equipped with a rapid material transfer mechanism driven by linear power component 131, so that biochar can be cooled from 500°C to 50°C in only 10 to 30 seconds, which can improve the cooling efficiency of biochar.

[0085] Furthermore, by sealing the connection between the pyrolysis tube 111 and the quenching tube, and by using a vacuum and inert atmosphere maintenance mechanism and a temperature control device, high-temperature oxidation and secondary reactions of biochar can be avoided, resulting in a specific surface area of ​​300 m² / g to 500 m² / g and a pore volume of 0.1 cm² / g to 0.3 cm² / g, thus improving the product quality of biochar.

[0086] In one exemplary embodiment, the process of preparing giant reed biochar using the biochar production equipment 10 in this utility model embodiment may include the following steps:

[0087] Step 201: Pyrolysis treatment. The pretreated raw material is fed into the pyrolysis tube 111 through the material port k1 of the pyrolysis tube 111 via the conveyor belt. The pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 are sealed and connected by the docking mechanism 14, and the first sealing gate 112 is closed. The vacuum degree in the cavity of the pyrolysis tube 111 is reduced to 1 Pa by the vacuum mechanism 113. The heating component heats up to 450°C at a rate of 5°C / min and holds for 1 hour.

[0088] Step 202: Cold quenching treatment. After pyrolysis is completed, the first sealing gate 112 is opened, and the PLC controller starts the first material transfer device 13. The first material transfer device 13 pushes the biochar from the pyrolysis tube 111 to the cold quenching tube 121 (pushing time < 5 seconds). The first sealing gate 112 and the second sealing gate 126 are closed to seal the cold quenching tube. Then, the liquid nitrogen vaporization component 122 is turned on, and the solenoid valve controls the liquid nitrogen vaporization nitrogen gas to be injected into the cold quenching tube, which can reduce the temperature in the cold quenching tube to 50°C within 10 seconds. The first sealing gate 112 and the second sealing gate 126 are opened, and the biochar is pushed through the first material transfer device 13 into the cooling tank 123. The cooling tank 123 contains a dry ice-ethanol mixture at a temperature of -50°C. The biochar is cooled in the cooling tank 123 for 10 minutes.

[0089] Step 203: Post-processing. The cooled biochar is pulverized by grinding device 16 to obtain the biochar product. Grinding device 16 has a sieve with a size of 0.1 mm.

[0090] Experimental testing showed that the biochar produced by the biochar production equipment 10 in this embodiment of the invention has a specific surface area of ​​320 m² / g and a pore volume of 0.12 cm² / g.

[0091] In one exemplary embodiment, the process of preparing peanut shell biochar using the biochar production equipment 10 in this utility model embodiment may include the following steps:

[0092] Step 301: Pyrolysis treatment. The raw material is fed into the pyrolysis tube 111 through the material port k1. The pyrolysis tube 111 and the cold quenching tube 121 are sealed and connected by the docking mechanism 14. The first sealing gate 112 is closed. The vacuum degree in the cavity of the pyrolysis tube 111 is maintained at 5Pa by the vacuum mechanism 113. The heating component heats up to 500℃ at a rate of 8℃ / min and holds for 1.5 hours.

[0093] Step 302: Cold quenching treatment. After the biochar generated by pyrolysis is transferred to the cold quenching tube 121 via the first material transfer device 13, the liquid nitrogen vaporization component 122 is turned on, and the temperature in the cold quenching tube 121 is reduced to 80°C within 20 seconds. Then the biochar is transferred to the cooling tank 123 for cooling for 15 minutes. The cooling tank 123 contains a dry ice-ethanol mixture at a temperature of -40°C.

[0094] Step 303, post-processing: The cold-quenched biochar is transferred to a grinding device 16 for pulverization to obtain the biochar product. The grinding device 16 has a sieve with a specification of 0.3 mm.

[0095] Experimental testing showed that the biochar produced by the biochar production equipment 10 in this embodiment of the invention has a specific surface area of ​​432 m² / g and a pore volume of 0.2 cm² / g.

[0096] It should be noted that the dimensions of the areas may have been exaggerated in the accompanying drawings for clarity. Furthermore, it is understood that when an element is referred to as "on top of" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Additionally, it is understood that when an element is referred to as "below" another element, it can be directly below the other element, or there may be more than one intermediate element. Furthermore, it is also understood that when an element is referred to as "between" two elements, it can be the only layer between the two elements, or there may be more than one intermediate element. Similar reference numerals throughout indicate similar elements.

[0097] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined.

[0098] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A biochar production device, characterized in that, include: The pyrolysis unit, the quenching unit, and the first material transfer unit; The pyrolysis device includes a pyrolysis tube, and the first end of the pyrolysis tube has a material outlet; The quenching device includes a quenching tube and a liquid nitrogen vaporization component. The first end of the quenching tube has a feed port and can be connected to the first end of the pyrolysis tube. The liquid nitrogen vaporization component is connected to the quenching tube and is used to introduce liquid nitrogen vaporization gas into the quenching tube. One end of the first material transfer device is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube, and the other end is located in the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube. The material transfer assembly is used to drive the material to move in the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube.

2. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quenching apparatus further includes a cooling tank and a cooling medium located in the cooling tank; The second end of the quenching tube has a discharge port, and the cooling tank is connected to the discharge port of the quenching tube; The first material transfer device is also used to move the material from the quenching tube to the cooling tank.

3. The biochar production equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The quenching device also includes a stirrer, which is installed in the cooling tank and one end of the stirrer extends into the cooling medium.

4. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vaporizer, a delivery pipeline, and a liquid nitrogen nozzle; The liquid nitrogen storage tank and the vaporizer are located outside the quenching tube. The liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the vaporizer. The liquid nitrogen storage tank is used to supply liquid nitrogen to the vaporizer, and the vaporizer is used to convert the liquid nitrogen into liquid nitrogen vaporization gas. The two ends of the delivery pipe are respectively connected to the vaporizer and the liquid nitrogen nozzle. The liquid nitrogen nozzle is installed on the quenching tube and is connected to the inner cavity of the quenching tube.

5. The biochar production equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid nitrogen vaporization assembly also includes a solenoid valve and a flow controller; Both the solenoid valve and the flow controller are installed on the delivery pipeline.

6. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first material transfer device includes a linear power assembly and a material pusher plate; The linear motion assembly is installed at the second end of the pyrolysis tube; The material pusher plate is installed at the end of the linear power assembly, which drives the material pusher plate to move within the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube.

7. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biochar production equipment also includes a docking mechanism and a feeding device; The docking mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube respectively, and the docking mechanism is used to drive the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube to switch between a separated state and a docked state; The feeding device is located outside the pyrolysis tube. When the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are separated, the feeding device can extend into the pyrolysis tube from the material port of the pyrolysis tube to feed material into the pyrolysis tube.

8. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis apparatus further includes a first sealing gate, and the cold quenching apparatus further includes a second sealing gate; The first sealing gate is installed at the material inlet of the pyrolysis tube, and the second sealing gate is installed at the discharge outlet of the quenching tube; The pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are arranged coaxially, and the inner diameters of the pyrolysis tube and the quenching tube are the same.

9. The biochar production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis device further includes a heating assembly, and the pyrolysis tube includes a reaction chamber and an insulation layer wrapped around the outside of the reaction chamber; The heating component is located between the reaction chamber and the insulation layer.

10. The biochar production equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biochar production equipment also includes: a second material transfer device and a grinding device; The second material transfer device is installed at the bottom of the cooling tank, which has a discharge port. The second material transfer device is used to move the material in the cooling tank to the outside of the discharge port. The grinding device is located outside the cooling tank and is used to receive and grind the material discharged from the cooling tank.

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