Film layer assembly, shell and electronic device

Abstract

This application relates to the field of anodizing technology and discloses a film assembly, a housing, and an electronic device. The film assembly includes a substrate and an anodized film. The anodized film includes a barrier layer and a porous layer, with the substrate, barrier layer, and porous layer stacked sequentially along a first direction parallel to the thickness direction of the substrate. The porous layer has multiple through-holes, each penetrating the porous layer along the first direction. Each through-hole includes a first end and a second end sequentially disposed along the first direction, with the pore size gradually increasing from the first end to the second end. Thus, the closer to the barrier layer, the smaller the pore size, making it difficult for external media to penetrate the barrier layer through the through-holes, thereby preventing corrosion of the barrier layer by external media and improving the corrosion resistance of the anodized film. Conversely, the farther away from the barrier layer, the larger the pore size, allowing dye to fill the through-holes more easily, resulting in better dyeing uniformity and reducing the color difference value of the anodized film.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of anodizing technology, and more particularly to a film assembly, housing, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Anodizing processes can be used to form an anodized film on a substrate to obtain a film layer assembly, which can serve as at least part of the housing for electronic devices such as mobile phones, wearable devices, or tablets.

[0003] However, the currently formed anodized films have problems such as poor corrosion resistance and large color difference, which results in poor protection of the substrate and poor aesthetics of the film components. Utility Model Content

[0004] Some embodiments of this application provide a film layer assembly, housing, and electronic device to solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance and large color difference. The following describes this application from multiple aspects, and the embodiments and beneficial effects of the following aspects can be referred to each other.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a film layer assembly, which includes a substrate and an anodic oxide film. The anodic oxide film includes a barrier layer and a porous layer, wherein the substrate, the barrier layer, and the porous layer are sequentially stacked along a first direction, which is parallel to the thickness direction of the substrate. The porous layer has a plurality of through-holes, each through-hole penetrating the porous layer along the first direction, and each through-hole includes a first end and a second end sequentially disposed along the first direction, with the pore size gradually increasing from the first end to the second end.

[0006] In the aforementioned membrane assembly, the through-holes are unequal-diameter through-holes with the diameter gradually increasing from the first end to the second end. Therefore, the closer to the barrier layer, the smaller the diameter of the through-holes. This makes it difficult for external media (such as sweat or other contaminants) to penetrate the barrier layer through the through-holes, thus preventing corrosion of the barrier layer by external media and effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film. Simultaneously, the farther away from the barrier layer, the larger the diameter of the through-holes. Therefore, during dyeing, the dye can more easily fill the through-holes, improving dyeing uniformity, reducing color difference in the anodic oxide film, and ultimately enhancing the aesthetics of the membrane assembly.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the dimension of the barrier layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 4 μm. It should be noted that the dimension of the barrier layer along the first direction can be referred to as the thickness of the barrier layer.

[0008] Thus, the size of the barrier layer along the first direction can be large enough, so that the barrier layer can better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film layer component, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0009] For example, the thickness of the barrier layer can be greater than or equal to 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 5.8μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm or 8μm, etc.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the size of the barrier layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 5 μm, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the porosity of the porous layer is less than or equal to 28%.

[0012] According to the embodiments of this application, the porosity of the porous layer refers to the percentage of the total volume of the through holes in the porous layer to the total volume of the porous layer. When the volume of the porous layer remains unchanged, the greater the porosity of the porous layer, the more through holes there are, and vice versa.

[0013] In this embodiment, the porous layer can have a smaller porosity, thus the number of through holes 123 is less. Therefore, during dyeing, the dye can fully fill each through hole, resulting in better dyeing uniformity, which in turn reduces the color difference value of the anodic oxide film and ultimately makes the film assembly more aesthetically pleasing.

[0014] For example, the porosity of the porous layer 122 can be less than 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, or 11%, etc.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the porosity of the porous layer is less than 20%, which can further reduce the color difference value of the anodic oxide film and ultimately improve the aesthetics of the film assembly.

[0016] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the aperture at the first end is less than 48 nm.

[0017] In this way, the aperture at the first end of the through hole can be small enough to better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film layer component, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0018] For example, the aperture of the first end of the via can be less than 47nm, 45nm, 43nm, 42nm, 40nm, 38nm, 37nm, 35nm, 32nm, 31nm, 30nm, 28nm, 25nm or 20nm, etc.

[0019] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the aperture of the first end is less than 35 nm, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0020] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the aperture at the second end is less than 90 nm.

[0021] In this way, the aperture at the second end of the through hole can be small enough to better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film module, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0022] For example, the aperture of the second end of the via can be less than 80nm, 75nm, 70nm, 67nm, 65nm, 60nm, 55nm, 50nm, or 45nm, etc.

[0023] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the aperture of the second end is less than 70 nm, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film.

[0024] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the difference between the aperture of the first end and the aperture of the second end ranges from 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0025] In this way, the diameter of the first end and the diameter of the second end of the through hole will not differ too much or too little, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film and reducing the color difference value of the anodic oxide film.

[0026] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the difference between the aperture of the first end and the aperture of the second end ranges from 20 nm to 50 nm, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film and reducing the color difference value of the anodic oxide film.

[0027] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the through hole is a trapezoidal through hole.

[0028] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the material of the substrate is an aluminum alloy.

[0029] In one possible implementation of the first aspect above, the zinc content in the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 3%.

[0030] In other words, the substrate of the film module provided in this application can be made of aluminum alloy with high zinc content. This type of aluminum alloy has high strength, high hardness, and good resistance to deformation. Furthermore, since the through holes are unequal diameter through holes with the diameter gradually increasing from the first end to the second end, even in applications where the substrate material is aluminum alloy with high zinc content, the anodic oxide film of the film module provided in this application can still maintain good corrosion resistance and a small color difference value, thus the film module has a wide range of applications.

[0031] For example, the zinc content in aluminum alloys can be greater than or equal to 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 6%, 6.2%, 6.5%, or 7%, etc.

[0032] In one possible implementation of the first aspect mentioned above, the zinc content in the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 6.2%, thereby further improving the mechanical properties of the substrate. At the same time, the anodized film can still maintain good corrosion resistance and a small color difference value, and the film layer assembly has a wide range of applications.

[0033] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the color of the anodic oxide film is tarnish, steel, or titanium.

[0034] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film is less than 2.

[0035] In this way, the anodic oxide film can have a smaller color difference value, resulting in a more uniform color and thus a better aesthetics and refinement of the film assembly.

[0036] For example, the color difference value of anodized film can be less than 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 or 0.4, etc.

[0037] In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film is less than 1. This allows the anodic oxide film to have a smaller color difference value, thereby further enhancing the aesthetics and sophistication of the film assembly.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a housing, which includes a body and a membrane layer assembly in any possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the membrane layer assembly being stacked on the body.

[0039] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, which includes electronic components and a housing as described in the second aspect above. The housing is used to form a receiving cavity for the electronic device, and the electronic components are disposed in the receiving cavity.

[0040] It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the second and third aspects mentioned above can be referred to the description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the mobile phone structure in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0042] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of the watch structure in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of the structure of the flat plate in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0044] Figure 2 Exemplary structures of membrane components in some technical solutions are shown;

[0045] Figure 3 An exemplary structure of the membrane component in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0046] Figure 4 An exemplary structure of another through hole in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0047] Figure 5 This illustrates an exemplary structure of yet another through-hole in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 This illustrates an exemplary structure of another through-hole in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 7 A flowchart of the molded film assembly in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] This application provides a membrane layer assembly, as well as a housing and an electronic device including the membrane layer assembly. It is understood that the electronic device provided in this application can be, for example, a mobile phone, wearable device (e.g., a watch, bracelet, or ring), tablet, notebook, display screen, in-vehicle equipment, automotive parts, aerospace parts, e-book reader, television, or intelligent robot—any electronic device with a housing. This application does not impose specific limitations on these.

[0052] The following describes exemplary structures of several electronic devices with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of the structure of mobile phone 1a in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1B A schematic diagram of the structure of watch 1b in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1C A schematic diagram of the structure of the plate 1c in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0054] For example, the electronic device in this application can be Figure 1A Mobile phone 1a in the middle Figure 1B Watch 1b or Figure 1C The tablet 1c in the example. For ease of understanding, the embodiments of this application are combined with... Figure 1A The basic structure of the electronic device in this application will be introduced using mobile phone 1a as an example.

[0055] refer to Figure 1A The mobile phone 1a may include a housing 10a, electronic components 20a and a display screen 30a.

[0056] The housing 10a is used to form a receiving cavity S1a for the mobile phone 1a. In some embodiments of this application, the housing 10a may include a back cover 11a and a middle frame 12a. The middle frame 12a may surround the back cover 11a and together with the back cover 11a form the receiving cavity S1a.

[0057] In some implementations, the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a can be a single integrated structure, without the need for later assembly of the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a. That is, the structure formed by the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a is a single, indivisible whole structure, rather than being assembled from multiple physically independent parts. In other words, the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a are integrally formed.

[0058] In some other implementations, the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a can also be separate structures. For example, the back cover 11a and the middle frame 12a can be molded separately and then assembled together to form the housing 10a. This application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0059] It should be noted that the above example is based on a housing including a back cover and a middle frame. It is understood that the structure of the housing is not limited to this. For example, the housing may also include a back cover, a middle frame, and a front cover.

[0060] Electronic device 20a is disposed in receiving cavity S1a. Electronic device 20a may be, for example, a camera, circuit board, battery, microphone, speaker or chip, etc., used to realize various functions of mobile phone 1. This application does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0061] The display screen 30a covers the opening of the receiving cavity S1a to close the receiving cavity S1a. The display screen 30a is used to display information such as images and videos, and the display screen 30a can also integrate touch functionality. It is understood that the display screen 30a here can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, or a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) display panel, etc., and this application does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0062] In the aforementioned mobile phone 1a, at least a portion of the casing 10a can be composed of a substrate covered with an anodized film. The anodized film serves to protect the substrate and enhance its appearance and sophistication. The substrate covered with the anodized film can be referred to as a film layer assembly; therefore, it can also be said that at least a portion of the casing 10a can be composed of a film layer assembly. For example, the casing 10a may include a body and a film layer assembly, with the film layer assembly stacked on the body. Alternatively, the entire casing 10a may be composed of film layer assemblies; that is, the film layer assembly can be considered as the casing 10a in the mobile phone 1a.

[0063] Similarly, the above Figure 1B At least a portion of the case 10b in the watch 1b shown may also be composed of a film assembly, or, as described above Figure 1C At least a portion of the housing 10c in the plate 1c shown can also be composed of a film layer assembly, which will not be described in detail here. It should be noted that the housing of a watch can also be called a watch case.

[0064] An exemplary structure of the membrane module is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] Figure 2 Exemplary structures of the membrane assembly 100 in some technical solutions are shown. (Reference) Figure 2 The film assembly 100 may include a substrate 110 and an anodized film 120, wherein the anodized film 120 is formed on the substrate 110 by an anodizing process.

[0066] The anodized film 120 formed by the current anodizing process may include a barrier layer 121 and a porous layer 122. The substrate 110, barrier layer 121, and porous layer 122 are sequentially stacked along the Z1 direction, which is parallel to the thickness direction of the substrate 110. The thickness direction of the substrate 110 can be, for example, the Z direction. The barrier layer 121 protects the substrate 110 from corrosion by external media (e.g., sweat or other contaminants). The porous layer 122 adsorbs dyeing agents to achieve colors such as gunmetal, steel, or titanium, enhancing the decorative effect. (Reference) Figure 2 The porous layer 122 may have multiple through holes 123, each through hole 123 penetrating the porous layer 122 along the Z1 direction. The diameter of the through hole 123 is the same everywhere. For example, the diameter of the through hole 123 can be the diameter D0.

[0067] It is worth noting that the above Figure 2 In the scheme shown, the through hole 123 is a constant diameter through hole. The diameter D0 of the through hole 123 is relatively large, so the medium outside the membrane module 100 can easily penetrate in through the through hole 123 and corrode the barrier layer 121, thereby corroding the substrate 110.

[0068] Secondly, the porous layer 122 has a relatively high porosity, meaning there are many through-holes 123 on the porous layer 122. Therefore, during dyeing, the dye cannot evenly fill each through-hole 123, resulting in a large color difference value in the anodic oxide film 120. The color difference value of an object can be represented by the symbol "ΔE". A larger color difference value indicates a more uneven color; conversely, a smaller color difference value indicates a more uniform color.

[0069] Finally, the thickness H1 of the barrier layer 121 is relatively small, making it difficult for the barrier layer 121 to resist the erosion of the medium outside the film assembly 100, resulting in poor corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120. The thickness H1 of the barrier layer 121 can be the dimension of the barrier layer 121 along the Z1 direction.

[0070] In summary, the anodized film 120 formed on the substrate 110 currently suffers from poor corrosion resistance and large color difference, resulting in poor protection of the substrate 110 and poor appearance and finish of the film assembly 100. This is especially true when the substrate 110 is an aluminum alloy with a high zinc (Zn) content, as the high zinc content further exacerbates the corrosion resistance and color difference of the formed anodized film 120.

[0071] In view of this, this application provides a membrane layer assembly, which, compared to the above... Figure 2 The membrane module shown in this application features through-holes of unequal diameter, with the pore size gradually increasing along the Z1 direction. That is, the pore size increases with distance from the barrier layer, and decreases with distance from the barrier layer. Because the pore size decreases with distance from the barrier layer, external media (e.g., sweat or other contaminants) have difficulty penetrating the barrier layer through the through-holes, effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film. Simultaneously, the larger pore size with distance from the barrier layer allows the dye to fill the through-holes more easily during dyeing, effectively reducing the color difference of the anodic oxide film and improving the aesthetics of the membrane module.

[0072] The technical solution of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Figure 3 An exemplary structure of the membrane assembly 100 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The film assembly 100 may include a substrate 110 and an anodized film 120.

[0074] Specifically, the substrate 110 is the base of the film layer assembly 100, serving functions such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, or electrical conductivity. The material of the substrate 110 can be a metal, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, or magnesium alloy, etc., and this application does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0075] The anodized film 120 is a film layer formed on the substrate 110 by anodizing process. The anodized film 120 can provide protection for the substrate 110 and enhance the appearance and sophistication of the film layer assembly 100.

[0076] The anodic oxide film 120 may include a barrier layer 121 and a porous layer 122, wherein the substrate 110, the barrier layer 121, and the porous layer 122 are sequentially stacked along the Z1 direction (as an example of a first direction). Alternatively, the barrier layer 121 is disposed on the surface of the substrate 110 along the Z1 direction, and the porous layer 122 is disposed on the surface of the barrier layer 121 facing away from the substrate 110. It is understood that during the use of the film assembly 100, the surface of the porous layer 122 can serve as the external surface of the film assembly 100; that is, the film assembly 100 is used when assembled into an electronic device (e.g., the one described above). Figures 1A to 1C After the mobile phone 1a, watch 1b or tablet 1c shown, the porous layer 122 can be observed and touched from the outside of the electronic device.

[0077] The barrier layer 121 is a dense, non-porous oxide layer that serves to protect the substrate 110 and prevent external media (e.g., sweat or other contaminants) from corroding the substrate 110.

[0078] The porous layer 122 has a loose and porous structure, making it easy to dye in various colors, such as gunmetal, steel, or titanium, to enhance the decorative effect and improve the appearance and sophistication of the membrane module 100. (Reference) Figure 3 The porous layer 122 has multiple through holes 123, for example, in Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the number of through holes 123 can be four, but this is merely illustrative. In other embodiments, the number of through holes 123 can be two, three, five, or six, etc., and this application does not impose specific limitations on this. It is understood that the through holes 123 are enclosed by a solid portion. For example, in... Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, multiple solid portions 124 can be spaced apart along the X direction to form multiple through holes 123, or in other words, multiple solid portions 124 and multiple through holes 123 are alternately arranged in the X direction.

[0079] Taking one of the through holes 123 as an example, the through hole 123 penetrates the porous layer 122 along the Z1 direction. The through hole 123 may include a first end 1231 and a second end 1232 arranged sequentially along the Z1 direction. The diameter of the through hole 123 gradually increases from the first end 1231 to the second end 1232. At the first end 1231, the through hole 123 has the smallest diameter D1, and at the second end 1232, the through hole 123 has the largest diameter D2. In other words, the diameter of the through hole 123 gradually increases along the Z1 direction.

[0080] It is understood that this application does not impose specific restrictions on the manner in which the diameter of the through hole 123 is increased. For example, in some implementations, the diameter of the through hole 123 can increase continuously and smoothly from the first end 1231 to the second end 1232. In other implementations, the diameter of the through hole 123 can also increase stepwise from the first end 1231 to the second end 1232 using an arithmetic or geometric sequence. Furthermore, the diameter of a portion of the through hole 123 can increase continuously and smoothly along the Z1 direction, while the diameter of another portion can increase stepwise along the Z1 direction.

[0081] The solid portion 124 forming the through hole 123 may include a third end 1241 and a fourth end 1242 sequentially arranged along the Z1 direction. The dimension of the solid portion 124 along the X direction gradually decreases from the third end 1241 to the fourth end 1242. At the third end 1241, the solid portion 124 has the largest dimension D3 in the X direction, and at the fourth end 1242, the solid portion 124 has the smallest dimension D4 in the X direction. Alternatively, the dimension of the solid portion 124 in the X direction gradually decreases along the Z1 direction. The decrease can be a continuous and smooth decrease along Z1, a step-like decrease, or a combination of continuous and smooth decreases in one part and step-like decreases in another part. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0082] In the aforementioned membrane assembly 100, the through-holes 123 are unequal-diameter through-holes with gradually increasing diameters along the Z1 direction, rather than equal-diameter through-holes. Therefore, the closer to the barrier layer 121, the smaller the diameter of the through-holes 123. This makes it difficult for external media (e.g., sweat or other contaminants) to penetrate into the barrier layer 121 through the through-holes 123, thus preventing the barrier layer 121 from being corroded by external media and effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120. For example, the corrosion resistance of the membrane assembly 100 can be tested using a test medium, which can be an artificial alkaline sweat conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with a pH of 9.5. For ease of description, the pH value will be referred to as "pH value" below. When the membrane assembly 100 is immersed in the test medium, the anodic oxide film 120 can remain undesorbed for more than 5 days, that is, 120 hours. For example, the anodic oxide film 120 can remain undesorbed for up to 168 hours. The anodic oxide film 120 has good corrosion resistance and high adhesion, and is not easy to fall off from the substrate 110.

[0083] Meanwhile, the further away from the barrier layer 121, the larger the pore size of the through hole 123. Therefore, during dyeing, the dye can be filled into the through hole 123 more easily, thereby improving the uniformity of dyeing, reducing the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120, and thus making the film assembly 100 more aesthetically pleasing.

[0084] The above will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 3 The substrate 110 and the anodic oxide film 120 of the film assembly 100 in the illustrated embodiment.

[0085] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the material of the substrate 110 can be an aluminum alloy, such as a 6-series aluminum alloy or a 7-series aluminum alloy.

[0086] In some implementations, the zinc content in the aluminum alloy can be greater than or equal to 3%. That is, the substrate 110 of the film module 100 provided in this application can be made of a high-zinc-content aluminum alloy, which has high strength, high hardness, and good resistance to deformation. Furthermore, since the through-hole 123 is a unequal-diameter through-hole with a gradually increasing diameter along the Z1 direction, even in applications where the substrate 110 is made of a high-zinc-content aluminum alloy, the anodic oxide film 120 of the film module 100 provided in this application can still maintain good corrosion resistance and a small color difference value, thus broadening the applicability of the film module 100.

[0087] For example, the zinc content in aluminum alloys can be greater than or equal to 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 6%, 6.2%, 6.5%, or 7%, etc.

[0088] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the color of the anodic oxide film 120 can be gunmetal, steel, or titanium. This improves the aesthetics and sophistication of the film assembly 100.

[0089] In some implementations, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 can be less than 2. Thus, compared to the above... Figure 2 As shown in the solution, the anodized film 120 provided in this application can have a smaller color difference value. Therefore, the color of the anodized film 120 provided in this application is more uniform, which in turn makes the film assembly 100 more aesthetically pleasing and refined.

[0090] For example, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 can be less than 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 or 0.4, etc.

[0091] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 of the anodic oxide film 120 can be greater than or equal to 4 μm, wherein the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 can be the dimension of the barrier layer 121 along the Z1 direction. Thus, compared to the above... Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 provided in this application can be large enough so that the barrier layer 121 can better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film assembly 100, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120.

[0092] For example, the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 can be greater than or equal to 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 5.8μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm or 8μm, etc.

[0093] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the porosity of the porous layer 122 of the anodic oxide film 120 can be less than or equal to 28%. The porosity of the porous layer 122 refers to the percentage of the total volume of the through-holes 123 on the porous layer 122 to the total volume of the porous layer 122. With the volume of the porous layer 122 remaining constant, a higher porosity results in a greater number of through-holes 123, and vice versa.

[0094] Thus, compared to the above Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment, the porous layer 122 provided by this application can have a smaller porosity. Therefore, with the same volume of porous layer 122, the number of through holes 123 provided by this application is less. Thus, during dyeing, the dye can fully fill each through hole 123, resulting in better dyeing uniformity. This reduces the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 and ultimately improves the aesthetics of the film assembly 100.

[0095] For example, the porosity of the porous layer 122 can be less than 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, or 11%, etc.

[0096] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the difference between the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 and the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 in the anodic oxide film 120 can range from 10 nm to 50 nm. Thus, the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 and the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 will not differ too much or too little, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120 and reducing the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120.

[0097] For example, the difference between the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 and the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 can be 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 45nm or 50nm.

[0098] For example, the difference between the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 and the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 can range from 20 nm to 50 nm.

[0099] In some embodiments of this application, the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 of the through-hole 123 can be less than 48 nm. Thus, compared to the above... Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 of the through hole 123 provided in this application can be small enough to better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film assembly 100, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120.

[0100] For example, the aperture D1 of the first end 1231 of the through hole 123 can be less than 47nm, 45nm, 43nm, 42nm, 40nm, 38nm, 37nm, 35nm, 32nm, 31nm, 30nm, 28nm, 25nm or 20nm, etc.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through-hole 123 can be less than 90 nm. Thus, compared to the above... Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 provided in this application can be small enough to better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film assembly 100, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120.

[0102] For example, the aperture D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 can be less than 80nm, 75nm, 70nm, 67nm, 65nm, 60nm, 55nm, 50nm or 45nm, etc.

[0103] It is understood that the through hole 123 in the embodiments of this application can have various structural forms. This application does not make specific limitations on it, as long as it can meet the actual use requirements. The following describes several exemplary structural forms of the through hole 123 with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0104] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In some implementations, the through hole 123 can be a trapezoidal through hole, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 123 is trapezoidal. The cross-section of the through hole 123 is a section parallel to the Z1 direction, or a section obtained by cutting the through hole 123 along the Z1 direction.

[0105] For example, in Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, the through hole 123 can be an isosceles trapezoidal through hole, meaning that the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 123 can be an isosceles trapezoid. For example, in the cross-section of the through hole 123, the first hole wall 1233 and the second hole wall 1234 of the through hole 123 respectively form the two legs of the isosceles trapezoid, and the diameter of the through hole 123 can continuously and smoothly increase along the Z1 direction. In some other alternative embodiments, the through hole 123 can be other types of trapezoidal through holes, meaning that the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 123 can also be other types of trapezoids, and this application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0106] Figure 4 An exemplary structure of another through-hole 123 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference...) Figure 4 In some other implementations, the through hole 123 can also be a stepped through hole, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 123 can be stepped. For example, in the cross-section of the through hole 123, the through hole 123 can include a connected first hole segment L1 and a second hole segment L2, the shapes of the first hole segment L1 and the second hole segment L2 are trapezoids of different sizes, wherein the diameter of the hole at the connection of the first hole segment L1 and the second hole segment L2 increases stepwise along the Z1 direction, and the diameter of the first hole segment L1 and the diameter of the second hole segment L2 increase continuously and smoothly along the Z1 direction.

[0107] Figure 5 An exemplary structure of another through hole 123 in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 6 An exemplary structure of another through-hole 123 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some implementations, the through hole 123 can also be an irregular through hole, meaning that the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 123 can be irregular. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in the cross-section of the through hole 123, the first hole wall 1233 and the second hole wall 1234 of the through hole 123 can be arc-shaped walls that are concave outwards from the through hole 123. For example... Figure 6 As shown, in the cross-section of the through hole 123, the first hole wall 1233 and the second hole wall 1234 of the through hole 123 can also be arc-shaped walls that bulge inward toward the through hole 123.

[0108] It is understandable that the above Figures 3 to 6 The present invention only schematically illustrates several structural forms of through holes 123 and does not constitute a limitation of this application.

[0109] After introducing the exemplary structure of the membrane module 100, the molding method of the membrane module 100 will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] Figure 7A flowchart of the molded film assembly 100 in an embodiment of this application is shown. (See reference...) Figure 7 and combined Figure 3 The molding method of the membrane module 100 may include:

[0111] S110: Machining the substrate 110.

[0112] First, a substrate blank is obtained. This substrate blank is the initial material for the substrate 110. For example, it can be a metal blank made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, or magnesium alloy; this application does not impose specific limitations on this. Next, the substrate blank can be machined using various machine tools and equipment to obtain the desired shape, size, and surface quality, ultimately forming the substrate 110. Machining processes can include, for example, polishing, milling, grinding, laser processing, or stamping; this application does not impose specific limitations on these processes.

[0113] For example, the substrate blank can be a 7-series aluminum alloy blank with a high zinc content (e.g., a zinc content greater than or equal to 3%), and the high zinc content 7-series aluminum alloy blank can be polished to make its surface roughness Ra less than 0.6, thereby obtaining the substrate 110.

[0114] S120: Pretreatment of substrate 110.

[0115] Pretreatment refers to cleaning the surface of the substrate 110. Pretreatment can further improve the surface quality of the substrate 110, so that it is easier to form an anodized film 120 on the substrate 110 in the future.

[0116] For example, after the substrate 110 is formed in the above S110, the surface of the substrate 110 can be cleaned with a cleaning agent within 12 hours to remove impurities from the surface of the substrate 110.

[0117] Then, zirconium sand is blasted onto the substrate 110 over 12 hours to remove stubborn oxide scale and defects from the surface of the substrate 110. The blasting pressure can be 2 bar to 3 bar, for example, 2 bar, 2.3 bar, 2.6 bar, or 3 bar. The blasting speed can be 10 Hz to 20 Hz, for example, 10 Hz, 11 Hz, 13 Hz, 16 Hz, 18 Hz, 19 Hz, or 20 Hz.

[0118] Next, degreasing powder can be used to remove grease from the surface of the substrate 110. The degreasing temperature can be between 55℃ and 75℃, for example, 58±2℃, 60±5℃, 65±5℃, 66±5℃, or 68±5℃. The degreasing time can be between 80s and 100s, for example, 80s, 85s, 90s, 95s, or 100s. The concentration of the degreasing powder can be between 30g / L and 50g / L, for example, 30g / L, 35g / L, 40g / L, 45g / L, or 50g / L.

[0119] Finally, pure water can be used to clean the substrate 110 to remove impurities remaining on the surface of the substrate 110, thus preventing residual impurities from entering subsequent processes and causing secondary pollution.

[0120] S130: Chemical polishing of substrate 110.

[0121] Chemical polishing, also known as chemical polishing, refers to a process in which a workpiece is immersed in a specific chemical solution (also known as a "chemical polishing solution"), and selectively dissolved by utilizing the microstructure of the metal surface in the solution. Chemical polishing can remove microscopic defects on the surface of the substrate 110 to obtain a mirror-like gloss, resulting in a higher surface gloss and a more aesthetically pleasing and refined appearance of the substrate 110.

[0122] In some embodiments of this application, the chemical solution can be a mixture of three acids. This mixture can be composed of any three of the following acids: oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, or chromic acid. For example, the mixture can be composed of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Alternatively, it can be composed of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. Yet another example is a mixture of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and chromic acid. Still another example is a mixture of hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid.

[0123] For example, the substrate 110 can be placed in a chemical polishing tank containing a chemical polishing solution, and the substrate 110 can be chemically polished by the chemical polishing solution.

[0124] S140: Neutralize the substrate 110.

[0125] Neutralization refers to the process of neutralizing residual strong acid or strong alkali solutions on the workpiece surface using a neutralizing agent (e.g., a weak acid or weak alkali solution). Neutralization can adjust the chemical state of the substrate 110 surface, remove residual chemical polishing solution from the substrate 110, prevent the chemical polishing solution from continuing to react with the substrate 110 and causing excessive corrosion, and also prevent residual chemical polishing solution from entering subsequent processes and causing secondary pollution.

[0126] For example, after chemically polishing the substrate 110 in S130 above, the substrate 110 can be placed in a neutralization tank containing a neutralizing agent, and the substrate 110 is neutralized by the neutralizing agent. The temperature of the neutralization tank can be from 10°C to 40°C, for example, 10°C to 15°C, 15°C to 20°C, 20°C to 30°C, or 30°C to 40°C. The concentration of the neutralizing agent can be from 1% to 20%, for example, 1% to 5%, 5% to 10%, 10% to 15%, or 15% to 20%. The neutralization time can be from 1 second to 20 seconds, for example, 1 second to 5 seconds, 5 seconds to 10 seconds, 10 seconds to 15 seconds, or 15 seconds to 20 seconds.

[0127] Then, the substrate 110 can be cleaned with pure water to remove impurities remaining on its surface, preventing these impurities from entering subsequent processes and causing secondary contamination. The conductivity of the pure water can be less than 350 S / m, for example, less than 340 S / m, 330 S / m, 320 S / m, 310 S / m, 300 S / m, 290 S / m, 280 S / m, or 270 S / m.

[0128] S150: The substrate 110 is anodized to obtain an anodic oxide film 120, wherein the oxidation solution is a mixture of three acids.

[0129] Anodizing is a process in which an anodic oxide film is formed on a workpiece by electrolysis, using the workpiece as the anode. The anodic oxide film provides protection for the workpiece and enhances its appearance and finish.

[0130] In some embodiments of this application, the tri-acid mixture can be a mixture of any three of the following acids: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, or chromic acid. For example, the tri-acid mixture can be a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Alternatively, it can be a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid. Yet another example is a mixture of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and chromic acid. Still another example is a mixture of hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid.

[0131] For example, in the initial stage of anodizing the substrate 110 using a tri-acid mixed solution, the oxidizing solution does not have a dissolving effect. Therefore, the anodic oxide film 120 can continue to grow on the substrate 110, thereby forming a relatively thick barrier layer 121 on the substrate 110. As the oxidizing solution continues to react, the oxidizing solution begins to volatilize, and over time, the dissolving effect of the oxidizing solution becomes stronger, thereby forming a porous layer 122 on the surface of the barrier layer 121 facing away from the substrate 110. The porous layer 122 and the barrier layer 121 can together constitute the anodic oxide film 120.

[0132] Since the oxidizing solution does not exert its dissolving effect at the initial stage of anodizing, the formation time of the barrier layer 121 is relatively long, resulting in a larger thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121. Conversely, the formation time of the porous layer 122 is relatively short, resulting in a smaller porosity of the porous layer 122. Furthermore, the dissolving effect of the oxidizing solution gradually increases, meaning the dissolution rate gradually accelerates, allowing the pore size of the through-holes 123 on the porous layer 122 to gradually increase from the first end 1231 to the second end 1232.

[0133] The anodizing time can be from 30 min to 90 min, for example, 30 min to 50 min, 50 min to 70 min, or 70 min to 90 min.

[0134] S160: Dyeing of anodic oxide film 120.

[0135] By dyeing the anodic oxide film 120, the colors of the anodic oxide film 120 can be made richer, thereby effectively improving the aesthetics and refinement of the appearance.

[0136] In some embodiments of this application, the anodic oxide film 120 can be dyed in colors such as tarnish, steel, or titanium.

[0137] For example, after the anodic oxide film 120 is formed in S150, it can be rinsed with pure water to remove the residual oxidation solution on the surface of the anodic oxide film 120, thus preventing the residual oxidation solution from entering subsequent processes and causing secondary pollution. The conductivity of the pure water can be less than 350 S / m, for example, less than 340 S / m, 330 S / m, 320 S / m, 310 S / m, 300 S / m, 290 S / m, 280 S / m, or 270 S / m.

[0138] Next, the anodic oxide film 120 can be placed in a dyeing tank containing a gunmetal dye. The porous layer 122 of the anodic oxide film 120 has a loose and porous structure, allowing the gunmetal dye to fill the pores 123 of the porous layer 122, thus changing the color of the anodic oxide film 120 to gunmetal. The pH value of the dyeing tank can be 4 to 9, for example, 4 to 5, 5 to 7, or 7 to 9. The temperature of the dyeing tank can be room temperature. The dyeing time can be 80 to 200 seconds, for example, 90±10 seconds, 100±20 seconds, 120±30 seconds, 130±40 seconds, or 140±50 seconds.

[0139] S170: Seal the pores of the anodic oxide film 120.

[0140] Sealing refers to the process of sealing the through holes 123 on the anodic oxide film 120 through physical or chemical treatment. By sealing the anodic oxide film 120, external media (such as sweat or other dirt) can be prevented from being adsorbed into the through holes 123, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance and anti-fouling properties of the anodic oxide film 120 and making the anodic oxide film 120 more protective.

[0141] For example, after the anodic oxide film 120 is dyed gunmetal in S160 above, the anodic oxide film 120 can be placed in a sealing tank containing a sealing agent to seal the through-holes 123 on the anodic oxide film 120. The temperature of the sealing tank can be from 80s to 150s, for example, 90±10℃, 100±10℃, 110±10℃, 120±10℃, or 130±10℃. The concentration of the sealing agent can be from 5g / L to 40g / L, for example, 5g / L to 12g / L, 12g / L to 22g / L, 22g / L to 35g / L, or 35g / L to 40g / L. The sealing time can be from 60min to 150min, for example, 60min to 80min, 80min to 120min, or 120min to 150min.

[0142] S180: Obtain membrane module 100.

[0143] Based on the above S110 to S170, we can obtain... Figures 3 to 6 Any of the membrane components 100 in the illustrated embodiments.

[0144] For example, the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 of the membrane assembly 100 can be greater than or equal to 5 μm, the porosity of the porous layer 122 of the membrane assembly 100 can be less than or equal to 20%, the pore diameter D1 of the first end 1231 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be less than 35 nm, and the pore diameter D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be less than 70 nm.

[0145] The above Figure 7 The film assembly 100 formed by the molding method shown has a sufficiently large thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121, which allows the barrier layer 121 to better resist the erosion of the medium outside the film assembly 100. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120 can be effectively improved.

[0146] Secondly, the porosity of the porous layer 122 is small enough that there are fewer through-holes 123 on the porous layer 122. As a result, the dye can fully fill each through-hole 123 during dyeing, resulting in better dyeing uniformity. This further reduces the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120, ultimately making the film assembly 100 more aesthetically pleasing.

[0147] Finally, the pore size of the through-hole 123 gradually increases from the first end 1231 to the second end 1232. Therefore, the closer to the barrier layer 121, the smaller the pore size of the through-hole 123, making it difficult for external media (e.g., sweat or other dirt) to penetrate into the barrier layer 121 through the through-hole 123. This prevents the barrier layer 121 from being corroded by external media, thereby effectively improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film 120. Conversely, the farther away from the barrier layer 121, the larger the pore size of the through-hole 123. Therefore, during dyeing, the dye can more easily fill the through-hole 123, thereby improving the uniformity of dyeing, reducing the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120, and thus improving the aesthetics of the film assembly 100.

[0148] For example, the corrosion resistance of the membrane module 100 can be tested using a test medium, which can be an artificial alkaline sweat conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with a pH value of 9.5. When the membrane module 100 is immersed in this test medium, the anodic oxide film 120 can remain intact for up to 168 hours, demonstrating good corrosion resistance and high adhesion, making it difficult to detach from the substrate 110. Furthermore, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 can be 0.5, indicating good color uniformity, thus making the membrane module 100 more aesthetically pleasing.

[0149] It is understood that the above forming process is merely illustrative. For example, in other embodiments, the anodized film 120 can also be dyed other colors, such as titanium or steel. The following describes how, when dyeing the anodized film 120 to other colors, the above-described process can be followed. Figure 7 The exemplary process shown in S110 to S180 is used to form the membrane assembly 100.

[0150] For example, in some cases, the anodized film 120 can be dyed titanium-colored. Based on this, the substrate 110 can be machined, pretreated, chemically polished, and neutralized; details can be found above. Figure 7 S110 to S140 shown will not be described in detail here.

[0151] Then, the substrate 110 is anodized to obtain an anodic oxide film 120. The specific process can be referred to the above. Figure 7 The S150 shown can have an anodizing time of 50 min to 150 min, for example, 50 min to 70 min, 70 min to 90 min, 90 min to 110 min, 110 min to 130 min, or 130 min to 150 min.

[0152] Next, the anodic oxide film 120 is cleaned with pure water, and then placed in a dyeing tank containing a titanium-colored dye. The titanium-colored dye fills the through-holes 123 of the porous layer 122, thus changing the color of the anodic oxide film 120 to titanium. The conductivity of the pure water, the pH value of the dyeing tank, and the temperature can be determined as described above. Figure 7 The S160 shown is an example. The staining time can be from 5s to 50s, for example, 15±10s, 20±10s, 25±10s, 30±10s or 40±10s, etc.

[0153] Next, the anodic oxide film 120 is sealed, as detailed above. Figure 7 The S170 shown here will not be described in detail here.

[0154] Finally, a membrane assembly 100 is obtained, wherein the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 of the membrane assembly 100 can be greater than or equal to 5.5 μm, the porosity of the porous layer 122 of the membrane assembly 100 can be, for example, 18%, the pore diameter D1 of the first end 1231 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be, for example, less than 30 nm, and the pore diameter D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be, for example, less than 60 nm.

[0155] Therefore, the anodic oxide film 120 can exhibit good corrosion resistance. For example, the corrosion resistance of the film assembly 100 can be tested using a test medium. This test medium can be an artificial alkaline sweat conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, with a pH value of 9.5. Immersing the film assembly 100 in this test medium, the anodic oxide film 120 can maintain its coating for up to 168 hours, demonstrating good corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the anodic oxide film 120 can also have a small color difference value; for example, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 can be 0.6.

[0156] For example, in other examples, the anodized film 120 can be dyed steel-colored. Based on this, the substrate 110 can be machined, pretreated, chemically polished, and neutralized; details can be found above. Figure 7 S110 to S140 shown will not be described in detail here.

[0157] Then, the substrate 110 is anodized to obtain an anodic oxide film 120. The specific process can be referred to the above. Figure 7The S150 shown can have an anodizing time of 50 min to 150 min, for example, 50 min to 70 min, 71 min to 90 min, 92 min to 113 min, 110 min to 131 min, or 135 min to 150 min, etc.

[0158] Next, the anodized film 120 is rinsed with pure water, and then placed in a dyeing tank containing a steel-colored dye. The steel-colored dye fills the through-holes 123 of the porous layer 122, thus changing the color of the anodized film 120 to steel. The conductivity of the pure water, the pH value of the dyeing tank, and the temperature can be determined as described above. Figure 7 The S160 shown is an example. The staining time can be from 5s to 50s, for example, 15±10s, 20±10s, 25±10s, 30±10s or 40±10s, etc.

[0159] Next, the anodic oxide film 120 is sealed, as detailed above. Figure 7 The S170 shown here will not be described in detail here.

[0160] Finally, a membrane assembly 100 is obtained, wherein the thickness H2 of the barrier layer 121 of the membrane assembly 100 can be greater than or equal to 5.8 μm, the porosity of the porous layer 122 of the membrane assembly 100 can be 15%, the pore diameter D1 of the first end 1231 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be less than 25 nm, and the pore diameter D2 of the second end 1232 of the through hole 123 of the membrane assembly 100 can be less than 50 nm.

[0161] Therefore, the anodic oxide film 120 can exhibit good corrosion resistance. For example, the corrosion resistance of the film assembly 100 can be tested using a test medium. This test medium can be an artificial alkaline sweat conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, with a pH value of 9.5. Immersing the film assembly 100 in this test medium, the anodic oxide film 120 can maintain its coating for up to 168 hours, demonstrating good corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the anodic oxide film 120 can also have a small color difference value; for example, the color difference value of the anodic oxide film 120 can be 0.8.

[0162] It should be noted that this embodiment is an exemplary description of the technical solution of this application. Those skilled in the art can make other modifications. For example, other surface treatment steps can be added to improve the aesthetics of the film assembly 100. Alternatively, some steps can be removed. For example, in some application scenarios where the appearance requirements of the film assembly 100 are not high, S130 and S140 can be removed to save molding time and costs.

[0163] This application also provides a housing, which may include a body and a membrane assembly, wherein the membrane assembly is stacked on the body. The membrane assembly may be as described above. Figures 3 to 6 Any of the film layer components 100 in the illustrated embodiments can therefore be referred to in sections 3 to 4 above. Figure 6 The relevant descriptions in the illustrated embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0164] This application also provides an electronic device, which may include electronic components and a housing. The housing forms a cavity within the electronic device, and the electronic components are disposed within the cavity. The housing may include a body and a membrane assembly, with the membrane assembly stacked on the body. The membrane assembly may be as described above. Figures 3 to 6 Any of the film layer components 100 in the illustrated embodiments can therefore be referred to in sections 3 to 4 above. Figure 6 The relevant descriptions in the illustrated embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0165] The above description illustrates the implementation of this application through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to these embodiments, and this application can also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details have been omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0166] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "outer", "inner", "circumferential", "radial", "axial", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0167] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "fit" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A membrane module, characterized in that, The membrane assembly (100) includes: Substrate (110); An anodic oxide film (120) includes a barrier layer (121) and a porous layer (122). The substrate (110), the barrier layer (121) and the porous layer (122) are stacked sequentially along a first direction, which is parallel to the thickness direction of the substrate (110). The porous layer (122) is provided with a plurality of through holes (123), each through hole (123) penetrates the porous layer (122) along the first direction, and each through hole (123) includes a first end (1231) and a second end (1232) arranged sequentially along the first direction, and the diameter of the through hole (123) gradually increases from the first end (1231) to the second end (1232).

2. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size of the barrier layer (121) along the first direction is greater than or equal to 4 μm.

3. The membrane module (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The size of the barrier layer (121) along the first direction is greater than or equal to 5 μm.

4. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porosity of the porous layer (122) is less than or equal to 28%.

5. The membrane module (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The porosity of the porous layer (122) is less than 20%.

6. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the first end (1231) is less than 48 nm.

7. The membrane module (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aperture of the first end (1231) is less than 35 nm.

8. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the second end (1232) is less than 90 nm.

9. The membrane module (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The aperture of the second end (1232) is less than 70 nm.

10. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between the aperture of the first end (1231) and the aperture of the second end (1232) ranges from 10 nm to 50 nm.

11. The membrane assembly (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The difference between the aperture of the first end (1231) and the aperture of the second end (1232) ranges from 20 nm to 50 nm.

12. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through hole (123) is a trapezoidal through hole.

13. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the substrate (110) is aluminum alloy.

14. The membrane assembly (100) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The zinc content in the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 3%.

15. The membrane assembly (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The zinc content in the aluminum alloy is greater than or equal to 6.2%.

16. The membrane module (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The color of the anodic oxide film (120) is tarnish, steel, or titanium.

17. The membrane assembly (100) according to claim 16, characterized in that, The color difference value of the anodic oxide film (120) is less than 2.

18. The membrane module (100) according to claim 17, characterized in that, The color difference value of the anodic oxide film (120) is less than 1.

19. A housing, characterized in that, The housing includes a body and a membrane assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, the membrane assembly (100) being stacked on the body.

20. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes electronic components and a housing as described in claim 19, the housing being used to form a receiving cavity for the electronic device, the electronic components being disposed within the receiving cavity.

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