High anti-floating performance structure based on gravel infiltration drainage system

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-buoyancy-resistance structure based on a gravel drainage system, comprising a drainage ditch and a drainage system laid on top of it. The foundation raft is situated on the drainage system. The drainage ditch includes a grid-like trench, a geotextile grout layer laid within the trench, a gravel filter layer laid on top of the geotextile grout layer, a centrally located drainage pipe, and a large-diameter gravel filter layer filled within the trench. The drainage system comprises, from bottom to top, a hydrophobic layer, a geotextile isolation layer, a hydrophobic layer one, a hydrophobic layer geotextile grout layer, a raft foundation pad, a hydrophobic layer two, and a waterproof membrane layer. The foundation raft is situated on the waterproof membrane layer. Based on the combined waterproofing concept of prevention and drainage, this application adds a hydrophobic layer and a drainage ditch to the bottom of the raft and the drainage trench area, effectively lowering the groundwater level, ensuring zero leakage in the basement, and simultaneously solving the basement's buoyancy problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to waterproofing and anti-buoyancy technology for underground engineering. Specifically, it is a high-buoyancy-resistance structure based on a gravel drainage system. By adding a drainage layer at the bottom of the raft slab and a drainage blind ditch on the basis of the traditional waterproofing system, combined with gravity self-drainage, the groundwater level can be dynamically controlled, thereby solving the problems of basement leakage and anti-buoyancy at the same time. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban construction, the development and utilization of underground space is becoming increasingly widespread, and the number of basement projects is constantly increasing. However, in areas with high groundwater levels, the issues of basement buoyancy resistance and waterproofing are particularly prominent, directly affecting the safety and functionality of buildings.

[0003] Traditional anti-buoyancy and waterproofing measures for basements often involve increasing the structural weight, installing anti-uplift piles, and applying external waterproofing layers. However, these methods suffer from problems such as high construction difficulty, high cost, and poor durability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-buoyancy-resistance structure based on a gravel drainage system. This system innovatively adds a permeable bottom layer and a drainage ditch to the traditional waterproof layer, achieving automatic drainage through natural elevation differences. This design not only effectively prevents basement leakage but also regulates the groundwater level, completely solving the problem of building buoyancy and achieving integrated waterproofing and anti-buoyancy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The high buoyancy-resistant structure based on the crushed stone drainage system is characterized by: including a drainage blind ditch and a drainage system laid on the drainage blind ditch, with the foundation raft slab placed on the drainage system; the drainage blind ditch includes a grid-like foundation trench, a geotextile grout layer laid in the foundation trench, a crushed stone filter layer laid on the geotextile grout layer, a centrally located drainage pipe, and a large-diameter crushed stone filter layer filled in the foundation trench; the drainage system includes, from bottom to top, a hydrophobic geotextile isolation layer, a hydrophobic layer one, a hydrophobic layer geotextile grout layer, a raft foundation pad layer, a hydrophobic layer two, and a waterproof membrane layer, with the foundation raft slab placed on the waterproof membrane layer.

[0006] More preferably, the drainage pipe is a corrugated pipe with a diameter of 400 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Drainage holes with a diameter of 10 mm are opened at the top of the pipe and at 45° angles on both sides, and the longitudinal spacing of the drainage holes is 300 mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the drainage pipes are interconnected using tees or crosses.

[0008] Furthermore, the drainage pipe includes a main pipe and branch pipes. The branch pipes are sloped towards the main pipe at 0.5%, and the main pipes are sloped towards the outlet or collection well at 0.5%.

[0009] Furthermore, the raft foundation pad is a 100-120mm thick fine aggregate concrete pad.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrophobic layer has a thickness of 300~320mm and is composed of crushed stone with a particle size of 30~50mm.

[0011] In addition, the foundation trench is 800~900mm high and 1200~1300mm wide.

[0012] More preferably, the large-diameter crushed stone filter layer and the crushed stone filter layer completely cover the drainage pipe. The thickness of the crushed stone filter layer above and below the drainage pipe is 200mm, and the width of the crushed stone filter layer on the left and right sides is 400mm. The particle size of the lower 200mm thick crushed stone filter layer is 50~70mm, and the particle size of the large-diameter crushed stone filter layer on both sides and the top of the drainage pipe is 80~100mm.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following features and beneficial effects: This application is based on the concept of combined waterproofing and drainage. Building upon traditional basement waterproofing systems, it adds a drainage layer and blind drainage ditches to the bottom of the raft slab and the basement area. Utilizing the elevation difference, gravity-fed drainage or water collection wells are used to pump out water, effectively lowering the groundwater level and ensuring zero leakage in the basement. Simultaneously, it solves the problem of basement buoyancy. This invention uses a drainage layer and blind drainage ditches to remove groundwater in real time, achieving zero buoyancy in the underground structure. No additional anti-buoyancy measures are needed, saving construction costs. Furthermore, both the drainage layer and blind drainage ditches are designed permanently, meaning their lifespan is the same as the building's service life, further ensuring the basement's dry environment and functionality. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a structural illustration of the high anti-buoyancy performance of the crushed stone drainage system based on this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage pipe involved in this application; Figure 3 A diagram showing the layout of the drainage blind ditches involved in the application.

[0015] Attached reference numerals: 1-Drainage blind ditch; 11-Foundation trench; 12-Geotextile grout barrier layer; 13-Crushed stone filter layer; 14-Drainage pipe; 15-Large-diameter crushed stone filter layer; 2-Drainage system; 21-Drainage layer geotextile isolation layer; 22-Drainage layer one; 23-Drainage layer geotextile grout barrier layer; 24-Raft foundation pad; 25-Drainage layer two; 26-Waterproof membrane layer; 3-Foundation raft slab; 4-Drainage hole; 5-Outlet point; 6-Collection well. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the utility model will be further described below.

[0017] The embodiments described herein are specific implementations of this utility model, used to illustrate the concept of this utility model. They are all illustrative and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the implementation methods or scope of this utility model. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art can employ other obvious technical solutions based on the content disclosed in the claims and specification of this application. These technical solutions include those that make any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein.

[0018] Example 1 The high-buoyancy structure based on the crushed stone drainage system includes a drainage blind ditch 1 and a drainage system 2 laid on the drainage blind ditch 1. The foundation raft 3 is set on the drainage system 2. The drainage blind ditch 1 includes a grid-like foundation trench 11, a geotextile grout layer 12 laid in the foundation trench 11, a crushed stone filter layer 13 laid on the geotextile grout layer 12, a centrally located drainage pipe 14, and a large-diameter crushed stone filter layer 15 filled in the foundation trench 11. The drainage system 2 includes, from bottom to top, a hydrophobic geotextile isolation layer 21, a hydrophobic layer one 22, a hydrophobic surface geotextile grout layer 23, a raft foundation pad 24, a hydrophobic layer two 25, and a waterproof membrane layer 26. The foundation raft 3 is set on the waterproof membrane layer 26. The geotextile specification in the hydrophobic geotextile isolation layer 21 is 200g / ㎡.

[0019] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, the drainage pipe 14 is a corrugated pipe with a diameter of 400mm and a wall thickness of 6mm. It has 10mm diameter seepage holes 4 at the top and 45° angles on both sides, with a longitudinal spacing of 300mm between the seepage holes. The drainage pipes 14 are interconnected using tees or crosses. The drainage pipe 14 includes a main pipe and branch pipes. The branch pipes are sloped towards the main pipe at 0.5%, and the main pipe is sloped towards the outlet point 5 or the collection well 6 at 0.5%. The raft foundation cushion layer 24 is a 100-120mm thick fine aggregate concrete cushion layer. The drainage layer 22 is 300-320mm thick and consists of crushed stone with a particle size of 30-50mm. The foundation trench 11 has a height of 800~900mm and a width of 1200~1300mm. The large-diameter crushed stone filter layer 15 and the crushed stone filter layer 13 completely enclose the drainage pipe 14. The crushed stone filter layer above and below the drainage pipe 14 is 200mm thick, and the crushed stone filter layer on the left and right sides is 400mm wide. The lower 200mm thick crushed stone filter layer 13 has a particle size of 50~70mm. The large-diameter crushed stone filter layer 15 on both sides and the top of the drainage pipe 14 has a particle size of 80~100mm.

[0020] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 2, an implementation example of a high-buoyancy-resistance structure and its construction method based on a crushed stone drainage system is provided, including the following steps: S1 Measurement and Setting Out: Measure and set out the plane position and elevation of the drainage blind ditch according to the design drawings; S2 Excavation of foundation trench and drainage ditch: The foundation trench and drainage ditch are excavated according to the plane position and elevation line. S3 Drainage Blind Ditch Geotextile Separator Layer 1 Pre-laying: After the earthwork excavation of the drainage blind ditch is completed, geotextile slurry is laid at its bottom and on both sides. Construction of the bottom crushed stone filter layer of S4 drainage blind ditch: After the geotextile grout barrier layer of the drainage blind ditch is pre-laid, the bottom crushed stone filter layer is laid. S5 drainage pipe laying: The drainage pipe is laid in the center along the blind ditch, and the top elevation of the pipe is checked again during the laying process to ensure that the pipe is sloped according to the design and that the pipe is straight and smooth. Local pits and depressions are filled with crushed stone. Construction of S6 drainage blind ditch sides and surface filter layer: After the drainage pipe is laid and accepted, the drainage blind ditch sides and surface filter layer shall be constructed. Construction of geotextile grout layer at the top of S7 drainage blind ditch: After the construction of the filter layer on both sides and the surface of the drainage blind ditch is completed, the pre-laid geotextile grout layer is turned back to completely wrap the drainage blind ditch. S8 Drainage Layer Construction: After all procedures for drainage blind drains are completed, the drainage layer at the bottom of the raft slab is constructed. S9 hydrophobic surface geotextile grout barrier construction: When laying, ensure that the hydrophobic layer is completely covered with gravel and there are no exposed points. At the same time, ensure that a certain amount of allowance is reserved during the laying process to avoid tearing due to gravity during the pouring of the subbase concrete. Construction of S10 raft foundation pad, waterproof membrane and raft foundation structure: After the hydrophobic surface layer and grout barrier layer are completed, the foundation pad, waterproof membrane and foundation structure will be constructed immediately.

[0021] The drainage pipes are 400mm in diameter and 6mm thick, made of corrugated pipe. Ten 10mm diameter seepage holes are drilled at the top and 45° angles on both sides of the pipe, with a longitudinal spacing of 300mm. Drainage blind ditches are evenly spaced at intervals of 30-40m, and a ring is also laid along the drainage ditch. All drainage pipes in the drainage blind ditches are interconnected using tees or crosses. The drainage pipes consist of main pipes and branch pipes. Branch pipes are sloped 0.5% towards the main pipe, and the main pipe is also sloped 0.5% towards the designed outlet or collection well. At the designed outlet, the municipal drainage network is connected, or pumping equipment is installed in the collection well for organized drainage. The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this utility model is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and thus all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this utility model. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0022] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-buoyancy-resistance structure based on a crushed stone drainage system, characterized in that: The system includes a drainage ditch (1) and a drainage system (2) laid on the drainage ditch (1). The foundation raft (3) is located on the drainage system (2). The drainage ditch (1) includes a grid-like trench (11) that runs horizontally and vertically, a geotextile grout layer (12) laid in the trench (11), a gravel filter layer (13) laid on the geotextile grout layer (12), a centrally located drainage pipe (14), and a large-diameter gravel filter layer (15) filled in the trench (11). The drainage system (2) includes a hydrophobic geotextile isolation layer (21), a hydrophobic layer one (22), a hydrophobic surface geotextile grout layer (23), a raft foundation pad layer (24), a hydrophobic layer two (25), and a waterproof membrane layer (26) laid sequentially from bottom to top. The foundation raft (3) is located on the waterproof membrane layer (26).

2. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (14) is a corrugated pipe with a diameter of 400 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. A 10 mm diameter seepage hole (4) is opened at the top of the pipe and at a 45° angle on both sides, with a longitudinal spacing of 300 mm between the seepage holes.

3. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipes (14) are connected to each other using tees or crosses.

4. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (14) includes a main pipe and branch pipes. The branch pipes are sloped towards the main pipe at 0.5%, and the main pipes are sloped towards the outlet (5) or collection well (6) at 0.5%.

5. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raft foundation cushion layer (24) is a 100~120mm thick fine stone concrete cushion layer.

6. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophobic layer (22) has a thickness of 300~320mm and is composed of gravel with a particle size of 30~50.

7. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The foundation trench (11) has a height of 800~900mm and a width of 1200~1300mm.

8. The high anti-buoyancy structure based on a crushed stone drainage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The large-diameter crushed stone filter layer (15) and the crushed stone filter layer (13) completely enclose the drainage pipe (14). The crushed stone filter layer above and below the drainage pipe (14) is 200mm thick, and the crushed stone filter layer on the left and right sides is 400mm wide. The crushed stone filter layer (13) at the bottom is 200mm thick with a particle size of 50~70mm, and the large-diameter crushed stone filter layer (15) on both sides and at the top of the drainage pipe (14) has a particle size of 80~100mm.

Images