Piston gas and oil flow guide structure

Abstract

This utility model discloses a piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure, including a first and second ring groove on the piston head and two rings respectively fitted thereon. The first ring groove has a metering inlet and a metering outlet on its upper and lower sides, respectively, and these metering inlets and outlets communicate with the bottom of the first ring groove. The second ring groove has a metering inlet and an outlet on its upper and lower sides, respectively, and these metering inlets and outlets communicate with the bottom of the second ring groove. The arrangement of the first and second rings improves the piston's airtightness. The channels formed by the first and second ring grooves respectively restrict and guide the downward flow of combustion gas and oil, and the upward flow of air and oil. This ensures that sufficient oil is buffered at the piston head during the piston's reciprocating motion, guaranteeing oil supply and coating, and ensuring oil renewal and circulation, thus improving the piston's lubrication effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of engine piston technology, specifically a piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure. Background Technology

[0002] Pistons are generally equipped with two compression ring grooves and one oil ring groove. Compression rings are fitted into the two compression ring grooves, and oil rings are fitted into the oil ring groove. The main functions of the compression ring grooves, compression rings, oil ring grooves, and oil rings are to seal and block gas while relying on the reciprocating motion of the piston to distribute oil to the working surface of the cylinder wall, so as to achieve the sealing of the combustion chamber and the lubrication of the working surface of the cylinder wall during the reciprocating motion of the piston.

[0003] Current internal combustion engine piston designs generally employ a flat-rimmed piston ring structure to ensure piston movement while sealing the combustion chamber. However, the inherent structural characteristics of the piston rings cause excessive oil to enter the combustion chamber and excessive combustion gases to enter the crankcase. This excess combustion gases leak through the piston ring port gaps into the gap between the piston and cylinder wall. These leaked high-temperature, high-pressure gases excessively purge and evaporate the oil on the ring lands and ring grooves, directly affecting the piston's lubrication performance.

[0004] Interference from the rapid purging of combustion gases causes engine oil to be quickly driven downwards and leak into the crankcase. This results in insufficient lubrication of the two piston rings, especially the first one, leading to abnormal wear of the piston rings and cylinder wall working surfaces, high temperatures, and excessive shearing. This accelerates the deterioration of the engine oil and reduces its lubrication effect. Excessive engine oil participating in combustion not only accelerates oil consumption but also accelerates carbon buildup, seriously affecting engine performance and service life.

[0005] Patent No. 00248108.1 proposes a fully sealed piston ring. While this blocks most of the combustion gases, it fails to consider the flow guidance structure for either the combustion gases or engine oil. This results in engine oil being trapped within the ring lands and recessed ring lands, as well as the oil ring cavity, preventing downward flow and renewal, thus affecting lubrication. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a combustion gas and engine oil flow guidance structure located at the piston head. This structure should provide good sealing performance and be able to limit and guide the downward flow of combustion gases and engine oil, as well as the upward flow of air and engine oil. This would allow for oil buffering and continuous circulation and renewal, effectively improving the lubrication condition of the piston head and extending engine life. Utility Model Content

[0006] This invention proposes a piston gas and oil guiding structure to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure includes a piston and a piston head with a first and a second ring groove arranged from top to bottom. The first and second ring grooves are respectively fitted with a first and a second ring. The first and second ring grooves are connected by a ring land. The upper side of the first ring groove is provided with a metering inlet or inlet port, and the lower side of the first ring groove is provided with a metering outlet port. The metering inlet or inlet port and the metering outlet port communicate with the bottom of the first ring groove.

[0009] The upper side of the second air ring groove is provided with a second quantitative air inlet or a second air outlet, and the second quantitative air inlet or a second air outlet is provided on the lower side of the second air ring groove. The second quantitative air inlet or a second air outlet and the second quantitative air outlet are connected to the bottom of the second air ring groove.

[0010] The first gas ring joint is a fully sealed, continuous, and uninterrupted structure; the second gas ring joint is a fully sealed, continuous, and uninterrupted structure or an existing flat-mouth gas ring opening structure; the bottom of the first gas ring is provided with a lower inner circumference structure, and the bottom of the second gas ring is provided with a lower outer circumference structure.

[0011] The lower internal tangent structure can not only adjust the elasticity of the ring body, but also increase the back clearance space, which is conducive to the buffering of the upward oil to help lubricate, and at the same time, it is conducive to the expansion, decompression and cooling of the downward combustion gas. Its torsional effect helps to scrape off excess oil from the cylinder wall when the piston moves downward.

[0012] The lower outer tangent structure expands the space of the original recessed structure, ensuring the oil buffer capacity of the recessed ring land, increasing the contact area and adhesion speed between the ring and the oil, and reducing the wear between the outer surface of the ring and the cylinder wall. In addition, the torsional effect after the thinning of the ring facilitates timely and even distribution of oil to the cylinder wall working surface when the piston moves upward, and effectively scrapes off excess oil from the cylinder wall when the piston moves downward.

[0013] Preferably, the openings of the metering air inlet and metering air outlet corresponding to the air ring are further configured as follows:

[0014] For example, when the ring body of the first gas ring is opened in the cylinder, there are no air holes on the upper and lower sides of the overlap axis. The upper and lower sides of the first gas ring groove need to be equipped with a metered air inlet hole and a metered air outlet hole, respectively.

[0015] If the piston ring opens in the cylinder and forms an air inlet on the upper side of the joint axis while there is no air leakage hole on the lower side of the ring, then the upper side of the piston ring groove does not need to be equipped with a fixed amount of air inlet hole, while the lower side needs to be equipped with a certain amount of air outlet hole.

[0016] Preferably, the second quantitative air inlet and the second quantitative air outlet are further configured to correspond to the openings of the second air ring:

[0017] If the second gas ring has no air holes on the upper and lower sides of the overlap axis when the ring body is opened in the cylinder, then the upper and lower sides of the second gas ring groove must be provided with an air inlet hole 2 and a metered air outlet hole 2 respectively.

[0018] As described above, when the second air ring opens in the cylinder, the upper side of the overlap axis forms the second air inlet. Therefore, the upper side of the second air ring groove does not need to be provided with a metered air inlet, while the lower side must be provided with a certain amount of air outlet.

[0019] Preferably, the ring bank is provided with an oil storage structure, that is, according to the axial thickness of the ring bank, several rows of oil storage holes or oil storage grooves are arranged around the ring bank. Taking the arrangement of two rows of oil storage holes as an example, a row of oil storage holes one is arranged at the same radial spacing in the middle of the outer circumference of the ring bank, and a row of oil storage holes two is arranged at the same radial spacing near the gas ring groove two, and each of the oil storage holes one and each of the oil storage holes two are arranged in an alternating position.

[0020] Preferably, the first oil storage hole in the middle of the ring bank is circular, and the second oil storage hole near the second gas ring groove is arc-shaped. The depth of the first oil storage hole does not exceed the depth of the first gas ring groove, while the depth of the second oil storage hole is 30% to 50% of the depth of the second gas ring groove, and the second oil storage hole is axially connected to the second gas ring groove.

[0021] Preferably, after the piston is installed in the cylinder, the upper part of the piston is the combustion chamber, and the lower part is the crankcase. The top of the combustion chamber is provided with a valve intake surface and a valve exhaust surface arranged in relative positions. The position of the piston top circular surface perpendicular to the middle of the valve intake surface is set at 6 o'clock, and the position of the piston top circular surface perpendicular to the middle of the valve exhaust surface is set at 0 o'clock. The first metering intake port can be set at any position from 0 o'clock to 3 o'clock or from 9 o'clock to 0 o'clock on the upper side of the first ring groove, and the first metering intake port is preferably set at the position of 0 o'clock, 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock on the upper side of the first ring groove. The first metering exhaust port should be set at the position of 0 o'clock or 6 o'clock on the lower side of the first ring groove. An oil ring groove is provided below the second ring groove, and an oil ring is fitted into the oil ring groove. There is a concave ring land between the second ring groove and the oil ring groove. Several oil return holes are provided at the 0 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions at the bottom of the oil ring groove.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The design of the first and second gas rings in this structure improves the airtightness of the piston. The channels formed by the first and second gas ring grooves, respectively, restrict and guide the downward flow of combustion gas and oil, and the upward flow of air and oil. Simultaneously, it ensures that sufficient oil is buffered in the piston head area during each stroke, guaranteeing proper oil supply and timely oil replenishment, thus improving piston lubrication. The structure creates a path where the combustion gas drives the oil downwards, and also a path where the oil is drawn upwards for circulation and renewal, forming a controllable circulation flow structure for the oil.

[0024] In addition, the circular oil distribution structure formed by the lower outer tangent increases the oil buffer capacity and the adhesion of oil to the ring, further improving the oil distribution speed and uniformity, thereby further enhancing the lubrication of the piston.

[0025] A first ring of equidistant oil storage holes is set in the middle of the ring bank, and another ring of equidistant oil storage holes is set on the lower side of the ring bank near the second gas ring groove. Through the layered oil storage hole design, a portion of the engine oil is effectively collected and buffered. The turbulence in the oil storage holes slows down the downward speed of the combustion gas and is conducive to uniform oil distribution. The setting and depth control of the first and second oil storage holes ensure a stable supply of engine oil and prevents it from being rapidly driven away. At the same time, the design of the second oil storage hole, which is connected to the second gas ring groove and has a limited opening depth, not only ensures the amount of engine oil stored and a larger adhesion area to the ring body, which is conducive to timely oil distribution, but also ensures that the combustion gas at the bottom of the ring groove is effectively isolated and does not escape too much, thus ensuring the side pressure on the back of the ring. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The diagram shows the flow direction of air, mixture or combustion gas (downward) in the piston head when the piston of this invention is in the compression, power and exhaust strokes.

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the piston structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 A front view of the piston structure of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-layer double-step overlap with an inwardly tangential structure fully sealed ring according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 The first air ring of this utility model is a front enlarged schematic diagram of the front of the joint of a single-layer double-step joint with an inwardly tangential structure fully sealed ring.

[0031] Figure 6 This utility model's air ring is an enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom of the joint of a single-layer double-step joint with an inwardly tangential structure fully sealed ring;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air ring of this utility model, which is a single-layer single-step overlap with an inwardly tangential structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a magnified front view of the air ring of the present invention, which is a single-layer single-step overlap with an inwardly tangential structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0034] Figure 9This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom of the overlap of a single-layer, single-step overlap with an inwardly tangential structure fully sealed ring according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second air ring of this utility model, which is a single-layer double-step overlap with a lower outer tangent structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0036] Figure 11 This utility model's second air ring is a magnified front view of the overlap of a single-layer double-step overlap with a lower outer tangent structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0037] Figure 12 This utility model's second air ring is an enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom of the overlap of a single-layer double-step overlap with an externally tangential structure for a fully sealed ring;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second air ring of this utility model, which is a single-layer single-step overlap with an externally tangential structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0039] Figure 14 This is a magnified front view of the gas ring of the present invention, which is a single-layer single-step overlap with a lower external tangent structure and a fully sealed ring.

[0040] Figure 15 This utility model's second air ring is an enlarged schematic diagram of the bottom of the overlap of a single-layer, single-step overlap with an externally tangential structure of a fully sealed ring;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the 6-point directional piston structure of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 17 This is a reference diagram of an existing oil ring assembly structure.

[0043] 1. Piston; 2. Ring land; 21. Compression ring one; 22. Compression ring two; 23. Oil ring; 24. Compression ring groove one; 25. Compression ring groove two; 26. Oil ring groove; 3. Embedded ring land; 31. Metering inlet port one; 32. Metering outlet port one; 33. Metering inlet port two; 34. Metering outlet port two; 35. Inlet port one; 36. Inlet port two; 41. Scraper on oil ring; 42. Oil ring 43. Lower scraper; 44. Oil ring cavity; 55. Oil return hole; 56. Oil reservoir hole one; 57. Oil reservoir hole two; 68. Double-step joint one; 69. Double-step joint two; 60. Concave arc hole; 71. Notched interface end; 72. Protruding tongue joint end; 73. Flat end; 81. Valve intake surface; 82. Valve exhaust surface; 91. Lower inner tangent structure; 92. Lower outer tangent structure; 10. Flat end valve ring. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Reference Figures 1-17 A piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure includes a piston 1 and a second ring groove 25 arranged from top to bottom on the piston head. A first ring 21 and a second ring 22 are respectively fitted onto the first ring groove 24 and the second ring groove 25. A ring lander 2 is formed between the first ring groove 24 and the second ring groove 25.

[0047] The gas ring 21 has a fully sealed, continuous structure; the gas ring 22 has a fully sealed, continuous structure or an existing flat-mouth gas ring opening structure; the bottom of the gas ring 21 has a lower inner circumferential structure 91, and the bottom of the gas ring 22 has a lower outer circumferential structure 92.

[0048] The lower inner tangent structure 91 can not only adjust the elasticity of the ring body, but also increase the back clearance space, which is conducive to the buffering of the upward oil to help lubrication, and at the same time, it is conducive to the expansion, cooling and decompression of the downward combustion gas. Its torsional effect is conducive to scraping off the excess oil from the cylinder wall when the piston 1 moves downward.

[0049] The lower outer tangent structure 92 expands the space of the original recessed structure, ensuring the oil buffer capacity of the recessed ring land 3, increasing the contact area and adhesion speed between the ring body and the oil, and the thinning of its outer circular surface reduces wear between the outer circular surface of the ring body and the cylinder wall. In addition, the torsional effect after the thinning of the ring body is conducive to timely and evenly spreading the oil on the working surface of the cylinder wall when the piston 1 moves upward, and effectively scraping off excess oil from the cylinder wall when the piston 1 moves downward.

[0050] The upper side of the air ring groove 24 is provided with a metering air inlet hole 31 or air inlet 35, and the lower side of the air ring groove 24 is provided with a metering air outlet hole 32. The metering air inlet hole 31 or air inlet 35 and the metering air outlet hole 32 are connected to the bottom of the air ring groove 24.

[0051] The upper side of the second air ring groove 25 is provided with a metering air inlet 23 or an air inlet 26, and the lower side of the second air ring groove 25 is provided with a metering air outlet 24. The metering air inlet 23 or the air inlet 26 and the metering air outlet 24 are connected to the bottom of the second air ring groove 25.

[0052] The quantitative air inlet 31 and quantitative air outlet 32 ​​are further configured to correspond to the openings of the air ring 21:

[0053] For example, when the ring 21 is opened in the cylinder, there are no air holes on the upper and lower sides of the overlap. The upper and lower sides of the ring groove 24 need to be equipped with a metered air inlet hole 31 and a metered air outlet hole 32 respectively.

[0054] If the gas ring 21 has an air inlet 35 formed on the upper side of the overlap axis when the ring body is opened in the cylinder, and there is no air leakage hole on the lower side of the ring body, then the upper side of the gas ring groove 24 does not need to be provided with a fixed amount of air inlet hole 31, while the lower side needs to be provided with a certain amount of air outlet hole 32.

[0055] The quantitative air inlet port 23 and the quantitative air outlet port 24 are further configured to correspond to the openings of the air ring 22:

[0056] If the second ring 22 has no air holes on the upper and lower sides of the overlap when the ring body is opened in the cylinder, then the upper and lower sides of the second ring groove 25 must be provided with an air inlet 33 and a metered air outlet 34 respectively.

[0057] If the second ring 22 forms an air inlet 26 on the upper side of the overlap axis when the ring body is opened in the cylinder, then the upper side of the second ring groove 25 does not need to be provided with a fixed amount of air inlet hole 233, but the lower side must be provided with a certain amount of air outlet hole 24.

[0058] The ring bank 2 is equipped with an oil storage structure, which consists of several rows of oil storage holes or oil storage grooves arranged around the ring bank 2 according to its axial thickness. Taking two rows of oil storage holes as an example, a row of oil storage holes 51 is arranged at the same radial spacing in the middle of the outer circumference of the ring bank 2, and a row of oil storage holes 52 is arranged at the same radial spacing near the gas ring groove 25. The oil storage holes 51 and 52 are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0059] The oil storage hole 51 in the middle of the ring 2 is circular, and the oil storage hole 52 near the gas ring groove 25 is arc-shaped. The depth of the oil storage hole 51 does not exceed the depth of the gas ring groove 24, while the depth of the oil storage hole 52 is 30% to 50% of the depth of the gas ring groove 25, and the oil storage hole 52 is axially connected to the gas ring groove 25.

[0060] The aforementioned oil storage hole 1 51 and oil storage hole 2 52 improve the oil storage effect of the ring land 2 when the piston 1 moves in the cylinder, as well as the overall oil distribution effect of the piston 1. In conjunction with the gas entering the oil storage hole 1 51 and oil storage hole 2 52, a turbulence effect can be achieved. The expansion space of the gas is increased through the oil storage hole 1 51 and oil storage hole 2 52, which improves the cooling and pressure reduction effect of the downward gas.

[0061] After the piston 1 is installed in the cylinder, the upper part of the piston 1 is the combustion chamber and the lower part is the crankcase. The top of the combustion chamber is provided with a valve intake surface 81 and a valve exhaust surface 82 arranged in relative positions. The position of the top circular surface of the piston 1 perpendicular to the middle of the valve intake surface 81 is set at 6 o'clock, and the position of the top circular surface of the piston 1 perpendicular to the middle of the valve exhaust surface 82 is set at 0 o'clock.

[0062] The metering air inlet 31 can be located at any position from 0 to 3 o'clock or from 9 to 0 o'clock on the upper side of the air ring groove 24, but is preferably located at 0, 3, or 9 o'clock on the upper side of the air ring groove 24. The metering air outlet 32 ​​should be located at 0 or 6 o'clock on the lower side of the air ring groove 24.

[0063] Below the second air ring groove 25, there is an oil ring groove 26, and an oil ring 23 is fitted on the oil ring groove 26. The second air ring groove 25 and the oil ring groove 26 are recessed ring banks 3. Several oil return holes 44 are provided at the bottom of the oil ring groove 26 at the 0 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions.

[0064] If the existing flat-mouthed air ring 10 with a lower outer tangent structure is selected to be used in the second air ring groove 25, then the second air ring groove 25 must retain the existing structure.

[0065] The oil ring 23 of the oil ring groove 26 is an existing combined oil ring or an integral oil ring.

[0066] The existing structure of the gas ring groove 25 and its flat-mouth gas ring 10, as well as the existing structure of the oil ring groove 26 and its oil ring 23, are all existing mature technologies and are not limited to here.

[0067] If the oil ring 23 uses an existing combined oil ring, it includes an upper scraper 41, an inner liner, and a lower scraper 42. The upper and lower scrapers clamp the inner liner in the middle to form an oil ring cavity 43.

[0068] If the oil ring 23 is an integral oil ring, it consists of an outer frame of the oil ring and a support spring. The internal space of the outer frame of the oil ring and the support spring together form the oil ring cavity 43.

[0069] Based on the above structural configuration, when the piston enters the compression, power, and exhaust strokes, the air, mixture, or combustion gas in the combustion chamber is restricted and guided to the crankcase via a circulation path:

[0070] S1. Downward path from the combustion chamber to circumference 2:

[0071] When the quantitative air inlet 31 is set at the 0 o'clock position and the quantitative air outlet 32 ​​is set at the 0 o'clock position, the quantitative air inlet 31, the gap between the back of the air ring 21 and the bottom of the air ring groove 24, and the quantitative air outlet 32 ​​form a new U-shaped path for air, mixed gas or fuel gas to descend.

[0072] When the quantitative air inlet 31 or air inlet 35 is set at the 0 o'clock position, and the quantitative air outlet 32 ​​is staggered and set at the 6 o'clock position, the quantitative air inlet 31 or air inlet 35, the gap between the back of the air ring 21 and the bottom of the air ring groove 24, and the quantitative air outlet 32 ​​form two new equal-length arc-shaped extension paths for air, mixed gas or fuel gas to descend.

[0073] When the metered air inlet 31 or air inlet 35 is set at the 3 o'clock position, and the metered air outlet 32 ​​is set at the 0 o'clock position, the metered air inlet 31 or air inlet 35, the gap between the back of the air ring 21 and the bottom of the air ring groove 24, and the metered air outlet 32 ​​form two new arc-shaped extension paths of one long and one short for the downward flow of air, mixed gas or fuel gas.

[0074] When the metered air inlet 31 or air inlet 35 is set at the 9 o'clock position, and the metered air outlet 32 ​​is set at the 0 o'clock position, the metered air inlet 31 or air inlet 35, the gap between the back of the air ring 21 and the bottom of the air ring groove 24, and the metered air outlet 32 ​​form two new arc-shaped extended paths, one short and one long, for the downward flow of air, mixed gas, or fuel gas.

[0075] When piston 1 enters the compression, power and exhaust strokes, part of the air, mixture or combustion gas enters the back of the ring from the upper side gap of the ring-21 to establish side pressure, while the other part passes through the new U-shaped path of the ring groove-24 or through the new arc-shaped extended path. At the same time as establishing the back side pressure of the ring-21, the air, mixture or combustion gas entering the back of the ring from the upper side gap is introduced into the ring lander 2.

[0076] S2. Downward path from shoreline 2 to concave shoreline 3:

[0077] When the second air ring 22 is selected to use a fully sealed air ring, and the metered air inlet 233 or air inlet 26 and metered air outlet 24 are respectively set at the 6 o'clock or 0 o'clock position, the air, mixed gas or fuel gas arriving at the ring bank 2 will descend from the corresponding 6 o'clock or 0 o'clock position through the new U-shaped path 2 formed by the metered air inlet 23 or air inlet 26, the back of the second air ring 22 and the metered air outlet 24 to the recessed ring bank 3;

[0078] When the gas ring 22 selects to use the existing flat gas ring 10, the air, mixed gas or fuel gas reaching the ring bank 2 will descend from the port of the flat gas ring 10 at the 6 o'clock or 0 o'clock position to the recessed ring bank 3 according to the existing path.

[0079] When piston 1 enters the compression, power and exhaust strokes, part of the air, mixture or gas that reaches ring land 2 enters the back of the ring from the upper side gap of ring 22 to establish side pressure, and the other part passes through the new U-shaped path 2 of ring groove 25 or through the port of flat ring 10. While establishing the back side pressure of ring 22, the air, mixture or gas that enters the back of the ring from the upper side gap is guided into the recessed ring land 3.

[0080] S3. Downward path from the recessed ring 3 to the crankcase:

[0081] The piston 1 has an existing structure for its oil ring groove 26 and oil ring 23, with the oil ring 23 being either a pre-existing combined oil ring or an integral oil ring. Air, mixed gas, or fuel gas arriving from the recessed ring land 3 descends along the existing path; that is, part of the fuel gas enters the oil ring groove 26 from the upper side gap of the oil ring 23, and the other part enters the oil ring cavity 43 from the upper side of the scraper 41 port or the integral oil ring port. After being blocked and turbulent by the oil ring 23, it leaks into the crankcase from the oil return hole 44.

[0082] The working principle is as follows:

[0083] When piston 1 enters the compression, power, and exhaust strokes, the fully sealed structure of the compression ring 21, combined with the compression ring groove 24 and its fixed intake port 31 or intake port 35 and fixed exhaust port 32, especially the fixed exhaust port 32, allows air, mixture, or fuel gas to flow in a limited and guided manner. It can only flow downwards in a fixed quantity for expansion, decompression, buffering, and cooling, driving away all the space and channels that push the oil back.

[0084] Air, mixed gas, or fuel gas passes through piston 1 and is sealed off in sequence by the first piston ring 21, the second piston ring 22, and the oil ring 23. At the same time, the engine oil buffered in the first piston ring groove 24, the ring land 2, the second piston ring groove 25, the recessed ring land 3, the oil ring groove 26, and the oil ring cavity 43 is blown downward in sequence.

[0085] At the same time, as the piston 1 moves up and down, the first compression ring 21, the second compression ring 22, and the oil ring 23 apply the oil that is buffered in the first compression ring groove 24, the second compression ring groove 25, the recessed ring land 3, the oil ring groove 26, and the oil ring cavity 43 to the working surface of the cylinder wall, and scrape off the excess oil from the working surface of the cylinder wall.

[0086] When piston 1 enters the intake stroke, the oil moves upward in the opposite direction along the path of air, air-fuel mixture, or fuel. Due to the difference between oil and air, the low-density, highly fluid air is quickly drawn into the combustion chamber through the lower side gap of the piston ring 21 and the metering outlet 32, metering inlet 31, or inlet 35. Meanwhile, the high-density, viscous oil is mostly blocked at the lower part of the small metering outlet 32. The oil that struggles to pass through the narrow lower side gap and metering outlet 32 ​​is then buffered and retained by the back gap space of the piston ring 21. Only a very small amount of oil can escape through the metering inlet 31 or inlet 35 and enter the combustion chamber. When this very small amount of oil is introduced into the ring surface of the piston ring 21, piston 1 switches to the compression stroke, and the oil is promptly blown downward by the air or air-fuel mixture.

[0087] At the same time, as the piston moves downward, the oil ring 23, the second compression ring 22, and the first compression ring 21 apply the oil buffered in the oil ring groove 26, the oil ring cavity 43, the recessed ring land 3, the second compression ring groove 25, the ring land 2, and the first compression ring groove 24 to the working surface of the cylinder wall, and scrape off the excess oil from the working surface of the cylinder wall.

[0088] Air and oil flow from the crankcase → oil return hole 44 → oil ring groove 26, oil ring cavity 43 → oil ring scraper 41 port or integrated oil ring port → recessed ring land 3 → U-shaped path two or flat air ring 10 port → ring land 2 + oil storage structure → U-shaped path one or arc extended path, forming all the space and channels where air and oil are restricted, guided upward, buffered and cached during the intake stroke.

[0089] During the intake stroke, the engine oil is drawn upwards once, and then driven and blown downwards three times during the compression, power, and exhaust strokes, completing one cycle of oil regeneration.

[0090] The size of the metered air inlet hole 31 and metered air outlet hole 32 can be customized according to the requirements of different vehicle engines, so as to achieve a customizable amount of gas entering the ring 2. The amount of gas leakage is not affected by the wear of the air ring 21, and a fixed amount of gas flow can be maintained stably for a long time.

[0091] The size of the second quantitative air inlet 33 and the second quantitative air outlet 34 can be customized according to the requirements of different vehicle engines, so as to realize the customizable amount of gas entering the recessed ring 3. The amount of gas leakage is not affected by the wear of the second air ring 22, and a fixed amount of gas flow can be maintained for a long time.

[0092] The gap width between the air inlet 35 formed on the upper side of the overlap of air ring 21 and the air inlet 36 formed on the upper side of the overlap of air ring 22 must be sufficient to meet the maximum thermal expansion requirements of the ring body.

[0093] The above structure and principle can achieve the following effects:

[0094] The fully sealed structure of the first gas ring 21, combined with the fully sealed structure of the second gas ring 22 and the existing structure of the oil ring 23, or the fully sealed structure of the first gas ring 21 combined with the existing flat-mouth structure of the second gas ring 22 and the existing structure of the oil ring 23, improves the airtightness of the piston 1. The channels formed by the first gas ring groove 24, the second gas ring groove 25, and the oil ring groove 26 respectively achieve flow restriction and guidance control for the downward flow of fuel gas and oil, and the upward flow of air and oil. Simultaneously, it ensures that when the piston 1 enters the intake stroke, sufficient oil can rise and be buffered on the piston in a timely manner. 1. In the head area, when piston 1 enters the compression, power, and exhaust strokes, after the air, mixture, or combustion gas has been purged, the head of piston 1 still buffers some engine oil, ensuring oil supply and improving the lubrication effect of piston 1; it realizes the path of combustion gas driving the engine oil downwards, and also the path of engine oil being attracted upwards for circulation and renewal, forming a circulation guide structure in which engine oil can go downwards and upwards with controllable flow, ensuring oil supply to the working surfaces between compression ring 21, compression ring 22, and oil ring 23 and the cylinder wall, and ensuring good reciprocating motion of piston 1 as a whole.

[0095] The circular oil distribution structure formed by the lower outer tangent increases the oil buffer capacity and the adhesion of oil to the ring body, further improving the oil distribution speed and uniformity, thereby further enhancing the lubrication of piston 1.

[0096] A ring of equidistant oil storage holes 51 is set in the middle of the ring 2, and another ring of equidistant oil storage holes 52 is set on the lower side of the ring 2 near the second ring groove 25. Through the layered oil storage hole design, part of the engine oil is effectively collected and buffered. The turbulence of the oil storage holes slows down the downward speed of the combustion gas and is conducive to uniform oil distribution. The setting and depth control of the oil storage holes 51 and 52 ensure a stable supply of engine oil and prevent it from being driven away rapidly. At the same time, the design of the oil storage hole 52, which is connected to the second ring groove 25 and has a limited opening depth, not only ensures the amount of engine oil stored and the adhesion of a larger area to the ring, which is conducive to timely oil distribution, but also ensures that the combustion gas at the bottom of the second ring groove 25 is effectively isolated and does not escape too much, thus ensuring the side pressure on the back of the ring.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] After setting up the above-mentioned flow guiding structure, the implementation of the structure is further refined:

[0099] The air ring 21 is a single-layer, double-step overlap ring with an inwardly tangential structure and a fully sealed ring (e.g., ...). Figure 4 ), or a single-layer, single-step overlap with a fully sealed ring featuring an inward-cut structure (such as...). Figure 7 The second air ring 22 is a single-layer double-step overlap with a lower outer tangential structure, forming a fully sealed ring (e.g., Figure 10 ), or a single-layer, single-step overlap with a fully sealed ring with an externally tangential structure (such as...). Figure 13 ).

[0100] The single-layer double-step lap joint with an inward-cut lower sealing structure and the single-layer double-step lap joint with an outward-cut lower sealing structure have the same opening structure. The two opening ends of both are double-step lap joint one 61 and double-step lap joint two 62, respectively. Double-step lap joint one 61 and double-step lap joint two 62 are complementary structures, with their maximum openings meeting at the ends of the lap joint. The single-layer double-step lap joint with an inward-cut lower sealing structure only includes the inward-cut lower structure 91, while the single-layer double-step lap joint with an outward-cut lower sealing structure only includes the outward-cut lower structure 92.

[0101] The opening structure of the single-layer single-step overlap with an inner-cut structure full-sealing ring is the same as that of the single-layer single-step overlap with an outer-cut structure full-sealing ring. The two opening ends of the single-layer single-step overlap with an inner-cut structure full-sealing ring and the single-layer single-step overlap with an outer-cut structure full-sealing ring are a notched interface end 71 and a convex tongue overlap end 72, respectively. A short tongue end is provided on the side of the notched interface end 71 near the back. The notched interface end 71, the convex tongue overlap end 72 and the short tongue end cooperate to form a semi-enclosed plug-in sealing structure. The maximum opening of the notched interface end 71 and the convex tongue overlap end 72 is at the end of the overlap. An air inlet 35 and an air inlet 36 are formed between the two flat ends 73 at the upper part of the joint of a single-layer single-step overlap with an inner tangent structure and a single-layer single-step overlap with an outer tangent structure. The single-layer single-step overlap with an inner tangent structure has only an inner tangent structure 91, while the single-layer single-step overlap with an outer tangent structure has only an outer tangent structure 92.

[0102] The double-step joint 61 of the single-layer double-step joint with an inner tangent structure and the single-layer double-step joint with an outer tangent structure, as well as the concave interface 71 of the single-layer single-step joint with an inner tangent structure and the single-layer single-step joint with an outer tangent structure, are provided with concave arc holes 63.

[0103] When the aforementioned ring is installed in the cylinder, its joint is a fully sealed, continuous, and uninterrupted structure when it opens inside the cylinder.

[0104] If the cross-sectional area of ​​the quantitative air outlet 32 ​​is significantly reduced, the air ring 22 of the air ring groove 25 can use an existing flat-mouthed air ring with an externally tangential structure, thus achieving the same effect.

[0105] If the existing flat-mouth air ring 10 with a lower outer tangent structure is selected as the air ring 22 of the air ring groove 25, then the existing structure of the air ring groove 25 should be retained. Since the flat-mouth air ring 10 forms inlet and outlet holes at its port when the ring body is opened, there is no need to set the quantitative air inlet hole 233 and quantitative air outlet hole 24 on the upper and lower sides of the air ring groove 25.

[0106] The design principles and characteristics of the above-mentioned flow guiding structures are as follows:

[0107] The cross-sectional diameter (or gap between the two flat-mouth ring ports) of the second quantitative air outlet 34, the second quantitative air inlet 33, or the second air inlet 36 is less than or equal to the gap between the scraper 41 port (or the integrated oil ring port) on the oil ring. The cross-sectional diameter of the first quantitative air outlet 32 ​​is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter (or gap between the two flat-mouth ring ports) of the second quantitative air outlet 34, the second quantitative air inlet 33, or the second air inlet 36. The cross-sectional diameter of the first quantitative air inlet 31 should be larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the first quantitative air outlet 32.

[0108] The above structural design, especially the design of the metering air outlet 32, ensures that:

[0109] 1) The oil ring cavity 43 not only serves as a primary channel but also functions as an important oil buffer and retention space, while simultaneously enhancing the flow-limiting effect of the oil return hole 44 and the oil ring upper scraper 41 port (or integrated oil ring port). The upward-flowing oil passes through the oil return hole 44 → oil ring cavity 43 → oil ring upper scraper 41 port (or integrated oil ring port), forming a series of oil flow-limiting and buffering spaces and flow paths that are small at both ends (oil return hole, port) and large in the middle (oil ring cavity).

[0110] 2) The recessed ring land 3 not only serves as a primary channel, but also as an important oil buffer and storage space. The upward-flowing oil passes through the port of the oil ring scraper 41 (or the integrated oil ring port) → the recessed ring land 3 → the metered air outlet 34 and the metered air inlet 33 or the air inlet 36 (or the flat ring port of the air ring 2), forming a series of oil flow restriction and buffering spaces and flow paths that are small at both ends (each port, each metered air inlet and outlet or air inlet) and large in the middle (the recessed ring land).

[0111] 3) The ring bank 2 no longer primarily functions as a channel, but also serves as an important buffer and storage space for engine oil. The upward-flowing engine oil passes through the metered air outlet 2 34 and the metered air inlet 2 33 (or the flat ring port of the air ring 2) → ring bank 2 + oil storage structure → metered air outlet 1 32, metered air inlet 1 31 or air inlet 1 35, forming a series of spaces and flow paths that are small at both ends (each port or each metered air inlet / outlet, air inlet) and large in the middle (ring bank + oil storage structure) for limiting and buffering engine oil flow.

[0112] 4) The quantitative air outlet 32 ​​and the quantitative air inlet 31 or the air inlet 35 are set in staggered positions, and the quantitative air outlet 32, the gap between the back of the air ring 21 and the bottom of the air ring groove 24, and the quantitative air inlet 31 or the air inlet 35 form a new arc-shaped extended path for limiting, guiding, buffering and caching the upward flow of air and oil, thus delaying the upward flow time of the oil.

[0113] This continuous arrangement of three paths (one, two, and three) with smaller ends and a larger middle ensures that the upward-moving oil is delivered in a timely and sufficient manner, meeting the lubrication requirements of the oil ring and the air ring.

[0114] The macroscopic effects of the above structural design:

[0115] The structure of gas ring groove 25 and gas ring 22 is connected to the structure of gas ring groove 1 24 and gas ring 1 21 above, and to the structure of oil ring groove 26 and oil ring 23 below.

[0116] The sealing structure of the first ring groove 24 and the first ring 21 enhances the buffering and buffering effect of the oil ring cavity 43, the recessed ring land 3, the second ring groove 25, the ring land 2, and the first ring groove 24 on the upward oil. The structure of the second ring groove 25 and the second ring 22 continues and supports the buffering and buffering effect of the sealing structure of the first ring groove 24 and the first ring 21, ensuring the amount of oil buffered at the head of piston 1. After each gas purging, some oil is still retained in the bottom gap of the first ring groove 24, the ring land 2, the bottom gap of the second ring groove 25, the recessed ring land 3, and the oil ring cavity 43, meeting the lubrication needs of the head of piston 1.

[0117] The macroscopic effects of the above structural setup:

[0118] The above structure allows piston 1 to be used as a whole, achieving a high degree of sealing of the combustion gas. The amount of combustion gas leaking downward into the crankcase is not affected by the wear and tear of the first piston ring 21, the second piston ring 22, and the oil ring 23. It can maintain a stable and fixed flow of combustion gas and oil for a long time, avoiding excessive oil entering the combustion chamber and excessive combustion gas entering the crankcase, and achieving a constant high cylinder pressure in the combustion chamber for a long time.

[0119] Under high cylinder pressure, a very small amount of engine oil introduced into the combustion chamber participates in combustion with the fuel, which is closest to complete combustion. This completely avoids the generation and emission of carbon black and gum, and completely avoids the adhesion of carbon deposits on the piston head and crankcase, eliminating the risk of cylinder scoring and crankshaft seizure caused by carbon deposits. It also completely avoids the power reduction caused by the blockage of the three-way catalytic converter and particulate filter, and greatly reduces pollutant emissions.

[0120] Controlling and reducing the amount of gas leakage prevents the oil buffered in the labyrinthine channel at the piston head from being excessively sheared due to high-temperature vaporization, significantly extending the oil life, ensuring the lubrication performance of the oil, and significantly increasing the service life of piston 1, compression ring 21, compression ring 22 and oil ring 23.

[0121] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0122] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure, comprising a piston (1) and a first ring groove (24) and a second ring groove (25) arranged from top to bottom on the head of the piston (1), characterized in that, The upper side of the air ring groove (24) is provided with a metering air inlet hole (31) or an air inlet (35), and the lower side of the air ring groove (24) is provided with a metering air outlet hole (32). The metering air inlet hole (31) or air inlet (35) and the metering air outlet hole (32) are connected to the bottom of the air ring groove (24). The upper side of the second air ring groove (25) is provided with a quantitative air inlet hole (33) or an air inlet (36), and the lower side of the second air ring groove (25) is provided with a quantitative air outlet hole (34). The quantitative air inlet hole (33) or the air inlet (36) and the quantitative air outlet hole (34) are connected to the bottom of the second air ring groove (25).

2. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first air ring groove (24) is fitted with an air ring (21) with a fully sealed, continuous and uninterrupted structure, and the second air ring groove (25) is fitted with an air ring (22) with a fully sealed, continuous and uninterrupted structure or an existing flat-mouth air ring opening structure.

3. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas ring groove one (24) and gas ring groove two (25) are connected by a ring bank (2). The bottom of the gas ring one (21) is provided with a ring of lower inner tangent structure (91), and the bottom of the gas ring two (22) is provided with a ring of lower outer tangent structure (92).

4. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, A row of oil storage holes (51) is arranged at the same radial spacing in the middle of the outer perimeter of the ring bank (2). A row of oil storage holes (52) is arranged at the same radial spacing in the lower part of the ring bank (2) near the gas ring groove (25). Each of the oil storage holes (51) and each of the oil storage holes (52) are arranged in an alternating position.

5. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oil storage hole 1 (51) in the middle of the ring bank (2) is circular, and the oil storage hole 2 (52) near the gas ring groove 2 (25) is arc-shaped. The depth of the oil storage hole 1 (51) does not exceed the depth of the gas ring groove 1 (24), while the depth of the oil storage hole 2 (52) is 30% to 50% of the depth of the gas ring groove 2 (25), and the oil storage hole 2 (52) is axially connected to the gas ring groove 2 (25).

6. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the piston (1) is installed in the cylinder, the upper part of the piston (1) is the combustion chamber and the lower part is the crankcase. The top of the combustion chamber is provided with a valve intake surface (81) and a valve exhaust surface (82) arranged in relative positions. The position of the top circular surface of the piston (1) perpendicular to the middle of the valve intake surface (81) is set at 6 o'clock, and the position of the top circular surface of the piston (1) perpendicular to the middle of the valve exhaust surface (82) is set at 0 o'clock. The metering intake hole (31) is set at any position from 0 o'clock to 3 o'clock or from 9 o'clock to 0 o'clock on the upper side of the ring groove (24).

7. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first quantitative air inlet (31) is located at the 0, 3 or 9 o'clock position on the upper side of the air ring groove (24), and the first quantitative air outlet (32) is located at the 0 or 6 o'clock position on the lower side of the air ring groove (24).

8. The piston combustion gas and oil guiding structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Below the second air ring groove (25) is an oil ring groove (26), and an oil ring (23) is fitted on the oil ring groove (26). The second air ring groove (25) and the oil ring groove (26) are recessed ring banks (3). Several oil return holes (44) are provided at the bottom of the oil ring groove (26) at the 0 o'clock and 6 o'clock positions.

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