A side-supply high-flow hydrogen fuel injector

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of hydrogen fuel injectors and discloses a side-supply type high-flow hydrogen fuel injector, which includes a mounting base, a fixed base, a valve seat, a fixed valve body, and a needle valve. An air inlet storage chamber is formed within the mounting base. The fixed base and the valve seat are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the air inlet storage chamber, forming a sealed chamber. An air inlet channel communicating with the air inlet storage chamber is formed on the side wall of the mounting base, and an air jet channel communicating with the air inlet storage chamber is also formed at the bottom of the mounting base. The fixed valve body is fixed to the fixed base, and the needle valve is movably connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body and extends into the air inlet storage chamber to cooperate with the valve seat to achieve air jetting. This utility model's injector adopts a side-supply design, effectively reducing the pressure drop of hydrogen during flow, allowing more hydrogen to enter the air inlet storage chamber with lower pressure loss, increasing the flow rate and meeting the equipment requirements for high-flow hydrogen; it also has good sealing performance and strong practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogen fuel injectors, and more particularly to a side-supply type high-flow hydrogen fuel injector. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure, hydrogen energy, as a clean, efficient, and zero-carbon emission energy form, is being widely used in fuel cells, hydrogen internal combustion engines, distributed energy, and other fields. In hydrogen fuel systems, the injector, as a key component, is responsible for precisely injecting hydrogen into the engine or fuel cell.

[0003] However, existing hydrogen fuel injectors still have many design and performance shortcomings that urgently need to be addressed. Regarding the air intake method, most use axial intake, which leads to a large pressure difference when the gas flows inside the injector, making it difficult to precisely control the hydrogen flow direction. This affects the uniformity and stability of the injection, reducing the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization. In terms of sealing, due to the extremely small size and high permeability of hydrogen molecules, the sealing structure of existing injectors is insufficient to effectively prevent hydrogen leakage, not only wasting hydrogen resources but also potentially causing safety hazards. Furthermore, the needle valve, as a key component controlling hydrogen injection, experiences severe friction and impact with its seat during frequent opening and closing. Over time, the needle valve is prone to wear, leading to inaccurate injection volume and injection delays, severely impacting the injector's performance and lifespan.

[0004] Given the aforementioned shortcomings of existing hydrogen fuel injectors, it is necessary to improve and optimize them in order to enhance their performance and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a side-supply type high-flow hydrogen fuel injector, which improves hydrogen flow through side air intake design, and has good sealing performance and strong practicality.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: a side-supply type high-flow hydrogen fuel injector, including a mounting base, a fixed base, a valve seat, a fixed valve body, and a needle valve; an air intake storage chamber is opened in the mounting base; the fixed base and the valve seat are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the air intake storage chamber, so that the air intake storage chamber forms a sealed chamber; an air intake channel communicating with the air intake storage chamber is opened on the side wall of the mounting base, and an air jet channel communicating with the air intake storage chamber is also opened at the bottom of the mounting base; the fixed valve body is fixed on the fixed base, and the needle valve is movably connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body and extends into the air intake storage chamber to cooperate with the valve seat to realize air jet;

[0007] The upper surface of the valve seat is provided with a first annular groove, a second annular groove and a settling groove coaxially from the outside to the inside; a guide groove communicating with the jet passage is also provided on the second annular groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the needle valve is provided with an elastic seal that mates with the valve seat; there are protrusions between the first and second annular grooves and between the second annular groove and the recess for sealing the gas in conjunction with the elastic seal; an environmental sealing ring and a first air inlet sealing ring are also provided between the fixed seat and the valve seat and the mounting seat, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower end of the needle valve is provided with a connecting part that matches the shape of the elastic seal, and the elastic seal is fixed at the bottom of the connecting part; a first balance hole is provided inside the needle valve, and a second balance hole is provided in the connecting part. The first balance hole and the second balance hole are connected and coaxially arranged; a first air inlet hole is also provided on the side wall of the first balance hole, which is connected to the air inlet storage cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, on the needle valve, a third annular groove is circumferentially provided on the side wall that mates with the fixed valve body to reduce the friction between the needle valve and the fixed valve body.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a helical spring and a solenoid valve assembly. The needle valve is movably connected to the fixed valve body via the helical spring. The solenoid valve assembly is used to cooperate with the helical spring and generate electromagnetic force to drive the needle valve to move when energized. It includes an injection-molded skeleton, an electromagnetic coil wrapped inside the injection-molded skeleton, and an electromagnetic housing sleeved outside the injection-molded skeleton.

[0012] Furthermore, the fixed valve body has an assembly hole inside, and an adjusting bolt is threaded to the upper part of the assembly hole. The upper end of the helical spring is fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt. The fixed valve body also has a tail cap on top.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower diameter of the assembly hole is larger than the upper diameter to form a limiting platform, and the needle valve is located below the limiting platform.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a filter screen, a filter screen frame, and an intake valve body disposed in the intake storage cavity; the filter screen forms a pressure accumulator cavity inside, its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body through the filter screen frame, and its lower end is fixedly connected to the valve seat; the intake valve body is sleeved on the outside of the filter screen and the filter screen frame, its side wall is provided with a second intake hole communicating with the intake storage cavity, and a second intake sealing ring is also provided on the upper outer periphery of the intake valve body.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. The injector of this utility model adopts a side air intake design, which effectively reduces the pressure drop of hydrogen during the flow process, allowing more hydrogen to enter the air intake storage chamber with lower pressure loss, thereby increasing the flow rate and meeting the equipment requirements for large flow rates of hydrogen.

[0017] 2. The bottom of the needle valve is provided with an elastic sealing element that mates with the valve seat. The upper surface of the valve seat is provided with a raised structure for mates with the elastic sealing element to seal the gas. In the initial state, the elastic sealing element fits tightly against the raised part on the valve seat to form a sealing structure, which effectively prevents hydrogen leakage and improves the sealing performance.

[0018] 3. By creating a first annular groove, a second annular groove, a settling groove, and a guide groove on the valve seat of this utility model, the pressure distribution can be made uniform, the airflow path optimized, and turbulence and pressure loss reduced, allowing hydrogen to be injected more smoothly into the air intake or the interior of the hydrogen fuel cell through the guide groove. In addition, the first annular groove, the second annular groove, the settling groove, and the guide groove form a modular design on the valve seat. By changing the width and length of the guide groove, different flow areas can be obtained. During use, the valve seat can be replaced according to different flow areas to meet various flow requirements.

[0019] 4. This utility model balances the pressure between the upper space of the needle valve and the external chamber by opening a first balance hole and a second balance hole inside the needle valve, avoiding the buoyancy effect caused by pressure difference, ensuring the smooth movement of the needle valve, reducing the solid part material of the needle valve, reducing the overall weight, and improving the dynamic response performance.

[0020] 5. This utility model achieves precise control of gas injection through the cooperation of a helical spring and a solenoid valve assembly, improving the control accuracy and response speed of the injector, ensuring the complete closure of the injector in the non-working state, and preventing gas leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view structural diagram of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 It is along Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram shown in cross-section of plane AA.

[0025] Figure 4 This is an exploded structural diagram of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the valve seat in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a top view of the valve seat structure in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 7 It is along Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of a cross-section of the BB plane.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the needle valve in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 9 It is along Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a structure viewed in cross-section of the C-plane.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a front view structural diagram of a fixed valve body in this utility model.

[0032] Figure 11 It is along Figure 10 A structural schematic diagram of a cross-section of the DD plane.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a front view structural diagram of the solenoid valve assembly in this utility model.

[0034] Figure 13 It is along Figure 12 A structural schematic diagram with a cross-sectional view of the EE plane.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Fixing base; 3. Valve seat; 4. Fixing valve body; 5. Needle valve; 6. Intake storage chamber; 7. Intake channel; 8. Jet channel; 9. Elastic seal; 10. First annular groove; 11. Second annular groove; 12. Third annular groove; 13. Countersunk groove; 14. Protrusion; 15. Guide groove; 16. Environmental sealing ring; 17. First intake sealing ring; 18. Second intake sealing ring; 19. Connecting part; 20. First balance hole; 21. Second balance hole; 22. First intake hole; 23. Second intake hole; 24. Helical spring; 25. Solenoid valve assembly; 26. Assembly hole; 27. Adjusting bolt; 28. Tail cap; 29. ​​Limiting platform; 30. Filter screen; 31. Filter screen frame; 32. Intake valve body; 33. Accumulator chamber; 34. Outer circular boss; 35. Straight groove; 36. Countersunk hole;

[0036] 251. Injection molded frame; 252. Electromagnetic coil; 253. Electromagnetic housing. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector includes a mounting base 1, a fixed base 2, a valve seat 3, a fixed valve body 4, and a needle valve 5. The mounting base 1 has an intake storage chamber 6. The fixed base 2 and valve seat 3 are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the intake storage chamber 6, forming a sealed chamber. An intake channel 7 communicating with the intake storage chamber 6 is provided on the side wall of the mounting base 1, and an injection channel 8 communicating with the intake storage chamber 6 is also provided at the bottom of the mounting base 1. The fixed valve body 4 is fixed to the fixed base 2, and the needle valve 5 is movably connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body 4 and extends into the intake storage chamber 6 to cooperate with the valve seat 3 to achieve injection. In use, hydrogen enters the intake storage chamber 6 laterally from the intake channel 7 on the side wall of the mounting base 1. The side-supply design effectively reduces the pressure drop of hydrogen during flow, allowing more hydrogen to enter the intake storage chamber 6 with lower pressure loss. Hydrogen gas entering the intake storage chamber 6 accumulates and maintains a certain pressure, preparing for subsequent high-flow-rate injection. Compared with traditional axial-intake hydrogen fuel injectors, this invention adopts a side-supply intake, which effectively reduces pressure drop and increases flow rate, meeting the needs of equipment requiring high-flow-rate hydrogen.

[0039] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, in this invention, the needle valve 5 has an elastic sealing element 9 at its bottom that mates with the valve seat 3. This sealing element 9 engages with the protrusion 14 of the valve seat 3 for hydrogen sealing. In a preferred embodiment, the elastic sealing element 9 is made of fluororubber (FKM), a material with low hydrogen permeability that maintains good sealing performance under both high and low temperature conditions. The lower end of the needle valve 5 also has a connecting portion 19 that matches the shape of the elastic sealing element 9. The connecting portion 19 is integrally formed with the needle valve 5, and the elastic sealing element 9 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting portion 19. During assembly, the elastic sealing element 9 is installed on the lower part of the needle valve 5 using a rubber vulcanization bonding process. This ensures that the sealing element moves synchronously with the needle valve 5, preventing the sealing element from falling off or shifting under high-pressure gas, and also reducing noise generated when the needle valve 5 is seated. The entire outer surface of the needle valve 5 is treated with a nitriding process to form a high-hardness nitrided layer, improving surface wear resistance. Meanwhile, the upper part of the needle valve 5 is coated with a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating in contact with the fixed valve body 4. Its high hardness, low coefficient of friction and chemical inertness further reduce friction and wear, while blocking hydrogen permeation and preventing hydrogen embrittlement corrosion.

[0040] On the needle valve 5, a third annular groove 12 is circumferentially formed on the side wall that mates with the fixed valve body 4 to reduce the friction between the needle valve 5 and the fixed valve body 4. Specifically, the third annular groove 12 is formed in the upper part of the needle valve 5 where it slides into the interior of the fixed valve body 4, and on the upper side wall of the needle valve 5 where it slides into the fixed valve body 4. By partially removing material to form an annular groove, the direct contact area between the needle valve 5 and the inner wall of the fixed valve body 4 is reduced, thereby reducing sliding friction. The third annular groove 12 retains sufficiently long guide surfaces (ungrooved areas) at the top and bottom to ensure that the needle valve 5 is still constrained by the guide surfaces when moving axially, avoiding swaying or jamming caused by the third annular groove 12, thus balancing low friction and high motion stability.

[0041] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, in this invention, the upper surface of the valve seat 3 is coaxially provided with a first annular groove 10, a second annular groove 11, and a recessed groove 13 from the outside to the inside; there are protrusions 14 between the first annular groove 10 and the second annular groove 11, and between the second annular groove 11 and the recessed groove 13, for sealing the gas in conjunction with the elastic sealing element 9; a guide groove 15 communicating with the jet channel 8 is also provided on the second annular groove 11. In this invention, the top surface height of the protrusion 14 is lower than the height of the upper plane of the valve seat 3, and the height of the protrusion 14 is preferably 3-5mm. The guide groove 15 is an annular groove formed on the second annular groove 11, and there are two or more of them, evenly distributed in the second annular groove 11 for hydrogen flow, and the number of them is preferably three, and the width is preferably 0.6-1.4mm. In this utility model, the first annular groove 10, the second annular groove 11, the settling groove 13 and the guide groove 15 form a modular design on the valve seat 3. By changing the width and length of the guide groove 15, different flow areas can be obtained. When in use, the valve seat can be replaced according to different flow areas to meet the needs of various flow rates.

[0042] The jet channel 8 below the guide ring groove is the hydrogen outlet, through which hydrogen enters the hydrogen engine intake or the interior of the hydrogen fuel cell. In the initial state, the elastic seal 9 tightly fits against the protrusion 14 on the valve seat 3, forming a sealing structure that prevents gas leakage from the intake storage chamber 6 into the jet channel 8. When hydrogen injection is required, the needle valve 5 moves upward, the elastic seal 9 disengages from the protrusion 14, and the gas enters the jet channel 8 through the guide groove 15 on the valve seat 3.

[0043] This invention optimizes the airflow path and reduces turbulence by creating a first annular groove 10, a second annular groove 11, and a settling groove 13 on the valve seat 3. Specifically, if only a guide groove is created on the valve seat 3, hydrogen gas will directly impact the inlet of the guide groove 15 from the inlet storage chamber 6 during use, causing a sudden change in airflow direction and resulting in severe turbulence. Turbulence will cause pressure fluctuations and velocity gradients, causing hydrogen gas to rush into the guide groove 15 along irregular paths, forming a local high-pressure impact zone and increasing the instantaneous force on the valve seat 3. In this invention, the first annular groove 10, the second annular groove 11, and the settling groove 13 act as buffer areas, allowing hydrogen gas to first enter the first annular groove 10, the second annular groove 11, and the settling groove 13 to form a stable laminar flow. In the laminar flow state, the gas molecules move in an orderly manner, and the pressure distribution is uniform. Then, the airflow is directed to the jet channel 8 through the guide groove 15, reducing sudden changes in airflow direction and lowering the energy loss and impact force caused by turbulence.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this invention, an environmental sealing ring 16 and a first air intake sealing ring 17 are respectively provided between the fixed seat 2 and the valve seat 3 and the mounting seat 1. The fixed seat 2 and the valve seat 3 are respectively provided with annular grooves for mating with the environmental sealing ring 16 and the first air intake sealing ring 17. The environmental sealing ring 16 can prevent gas from leaking from the outer edge of the valve seat 3 to the external environment, while preventing external dust or moisture from entering the injector. The first air intake sealing ring 17 can isolate the high-pressure air intake area from the external low-pressure environment, preventing gas leakage along the mating gap between the mounting seat 1 and the fixed seat 2, thus ensuring system safety. The environmental sealing ring 16 and the first air intake sealing ring 17 are made of FKM rubber, a material that can adapt to temperatures from -20 to 200℃ and has a low hydrogen permeability, maintaining good sealing performance in both high and low temperature environments, and has good applicability.

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, this utility model also includes a helical spring 24 and a solenoid valve assembly 25. The needle valve 5 is movably connected to the fixed valve body 4 via the helical spring 24. The solenoid valve assembly 25 cooperates with the helical spring 24 and generates electromagnetic force to drive the needle valve 5 to move when energized. It includes an injection-molded frame 251, an electromagnetic coil 252 encased in the injection-molded frame 251, and an electromagnetic housing 253 sleeved on the outside of the injection-molded frame 251. The electromagnetic housing 253 is fixedly connected to the fixed valve body 4 by welding. During use, after being energized, the electromagnetic coil 252 generates axial electromagnetic force under the insulating support of the injection-molded frame 251, attracting the needle valve 5 to move upward, opening the sealing channel, and realizing gas injection. After being de-energized, the elastic potential energy of the helical spring 24 is released, pushing the needle valve 5 to quickly return to its original position, re-sealing with the protrusion 14 of the valve seat 3, ensuring that the injector is completely closed in the non-working state and preventing gas leakage. The electromagnetic coil 252 is embedded in the frame through injection molding to form an integrated structure, preventing the coil from loosening or short-circuiting and improving the shock resistance and reliability of the solenoid valve assembly 25. The electromagnetic housing 253 is fixed to the fixed valve body 4 by welding, ensuring a rigid connection between the solenoid valve assembly 25 and the injector body, preventing displacement or detachment caused by vibration.

[0046] The solenoid valve assembly 25 of this invention, in conjunction with the helical spring 24, can control the working state of the needle valve 5. Specifically, when the solenoid valve assembly 25 is not energized, the elastic seal 9 at the bottom of the needle valve 5 is in its initial state, tightly fitted against the protrusion 14 on the valve seat 3 by the pre-tightening force of the helical spring 24, forming a sealing structure and preventing gas leakage from the intake storage chamber 6 to the jet channel 8. When the solenoid valve assembly 25 is energized, the electromagnetic force overcomes the elastic force of the helical spring 24, driving the needle valve 5 to move upward, and the elastic seal 9 disengages from the protrusion 14. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the intake storage chamber 6 flows directionally to the jet channel 8 through the guide groove 15 on the second annular groove 11, and then enters the hydrogen engine intake duct or the interior of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0047] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the needle valve 5 has a first balancing hole 20 inside, and the connecting part 19 has a second balancing hole 21. The first balancing hole 20 and the second balancing hole 21 are connected and coaxially arranged. A first air inlet hole 22, communicating with the air inlet storage chamber 6, is also provided on the side wall of the first balancing hole 20. The first balancing hole 20 is used to balance the pressure between the air inlet storage chamber 6 and the upper space of the needle valve 5. During the operation of the injector, the pressure difference between the air inlet storage chamber 6 and the upper space of the needle valve 5 may cause instability in the movement of the needle valve 5 due to the flow of hydrogen. By providing the first balancing hole 20, the pressure in these two areas can be balanced, avoiding the buoyancy effect caused by the pressure difference, thereby ensuring that the needle valve 5 can move smoothly. In addition, the provision of the first balancing hole 20 also reduces the amount of solid material in the needle valve 5, thereby reducing the overall weight. The lighter needle valve 5 can overcome inertia more quickly under the action of electromagnetic force, shortening the opening delay time and improving the dynamic response performance of the injector. When the injector is operating, the upper surface of the connection 19 is subjected to the force of other hydrogen gas in the intake storage chamber 6. The second balance hole 21 ensures that other hydrogen gas can enter, thereby offsetting part of the downward force on the connection 19 of the needle valve 5, and thus reducing the electromagnetic force required to lift the needle valve 5. Due to the offset of the upward reaction force, the solenoid valve assembly 25 only needs to provide a small electromagnetic force to overcome the remaining pressure difference and spring force, thereby reducing the power consumption of the solenoid coil 252.

[0048] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in this utility model, the fixed valve body 4 has an assembly hole 26 inside, and an adjusting bolt 27 is threadedly connected to the upper part of the assembly hole 26. The upper end of the helical spring 24 is fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt 27. The lower part of the adjusting bolt 27 is provided with an outer circular boss 34 that mates with the helical spring 24; the upper part of the adjusting bolt 27 is provided with a horizontal slot 35, which is used to adjust the position of the adjusting bolt 27 in conjunction with a tool. Different screw-in depths of the adjusting bolt 27 correspond to different spring preloads. By screwing it into the assembly hole 26 of the fixed valve body 4, its screw-in depth directly controls the initial compression of the helical spring 24. When the adjusting bolt 27 is screwed down, the spring is further compressed, and the preload increases; conversely, the preload decreases. The needle valve 5 also has a countersunk hole 36 at the top. The diameter of the countersunk hole 36 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spring, providing radial positioning space for the spring and preventing the spring from rubbing against the edge of the needle valve 5 due to lateral forces during compression or extension, thus extending the service life of the spring. The outer circular boss 34 at the lower part of the adjusting bolt 27 is embedded in the upper end of the helical spring 24, while the lower end of the spring is fixed in the countersunk hole 36 at the top of the needle valve 5. This structure ensures that the spring moves only axially when compressed or extended, avoiding skewness or jamming, while ensuring that the preload is evenly transmitted to the needle valve 5, reducing local stress concentration and lowering the risk of spring breakage.

[0049] In the above structure, the lower diameter of the mounting hole 26 is larger than the upper diameter, forming a limiting platform 29, below which the needle valve 5 is located. The limiting platform 29 restricts the maximum upward stroke of the needle valve 5, preventing excessive compression of the coil spring 24 and ensuring the safety of the device. When the injector opens, the solenoid valve assembly 25 needs to generate sufficient electromagnetic force to overcome the spring preload and the high-pressure gas force at the bottom of the needle valve 5. By adjusting the preload with the adjusting bolt 27, the start-up threshold of the solenoid valve can be precisely controlled, thereby matching the injection requirements under different operating conditions. In mass production, there may be slight differences in the spring preload of each injector. By adjusting the screw-in depth of the adjusting bolt 27, manufacturing tolerances can be compensated, ensuring that the opening force of all injectors is consistent and improving engine combustion stability.

[0050] In the above structure, a tail cap 28 is also provided on the top of the fixed valve body 4. The tail cap 28 is coaxially connected to the upper fixed valve body 4, and the connection method includes welding and threaded connection, with welding being the preferred method. It covers the top of the adjusting bolt 27 and the spring area to prevent external impurities from entering the assembly hole 26, and at the same time, it can shield electromagnetic interference to ensure the stable operation of the solenoid valve assembly 25.

[0051] In one embodiment of this utility model, a filter screen 30, a filter screen frame 31, and an intake valve body 32 are further added to the intake storage cavity 6, as detailed below. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0052] In this embodiment, the system also includes a filter screen 30, a filter screen frame 31, and an intake valve body 32 disposed within the intake storage cavity 6. The filter screen 30 forms a pressure accumulator 33, with its upper end fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body 4 via the filter screen frame 31, and its lower end fixedly connected to the valve seat 3. The intake valve body 32 is sleeved outside the filter screen 30 and the filter screen frame 31, and its side wall has a second intake hole 23 communicating with the intake storage cavity 6. A second intake sealing ring 18 is also provided on the upper outer periphery of the intake valve body 32, and an annular groove for engaging with the second intake sealing ring 18 is provided on the intake valve body 32. Since the pressure accumulator 33 and the intake storage cavity 6 are connected through the second intake hole 23, the actual gas pressure in the pressure accumulator 33 and the intake storage cavity 6 is the same.

[0053] In this embodiment, the filter screen 30, filter screen frame 31, intake valve body 32, valve seat 3, and fixed valve body 4 are all coaxially arranged, thereby ensuring the straightness of the fluid channel and the precise alignment of each component, reducing leakage or uneven flow resistance caused by eccentricity. The material of the second intake sealing ring 18 is the same as that of the environmental sealing ring 16 and the first intake sealing ring 17, which is FKM rubber.

[0054] The filter screen 30 is welded to the filter screen frame 31, which is coaxially press-fitted onto the upper part of the intake valve body 32. The filter screen frame 31 is preferably made of stainless steel. The stainless steel frame provides rigid support for the filter screen 30, preventing deformation or breakage caused by high-pressure gas impact. Simultaneously, the welding process ensures a firm connection with the filter screen 30, guaranteeing the integrity of the filtration structure. The filter screen 30 is composed of 200-mesh 304 stainless steel filter cloth, achieving a filtration accuracy of up to 10μm. It can intercept solid particles in the gas (such as rust, oil, and pipe debris), preventing impurities from entering the injector and avoiding issues like needle valve 5 jamming, sealing surface wear, or solenoid valve assembly 25 malfunction.

[0055] The upper end of the intake valve body 32 is connected to the filter screen frame 31 by welding or threading, preferably by welding, and the material is preferably made of ferritic chromium steel; the lower end is fixedly connected to the valve seat 3. The second intake sealing ring 18 provided on the upper outer periphery of the intake valve body 32 achieves a seal with the surrounding component mounting seat 1 through radial compression, which can prevent high-pressure gas from leaking from the gap between the intake valve body 32 and the mounting seat 1, and ensure the sealing of the intake storage cavity 6.

[0056] The specific working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0057] Operating state when electromagnetic coil 252 is not energized: In the initial state, helical spring 24 holds needle valve 5 on the boss of valve seat 3, and elastic seal 9 is in close contact with the boss of valve seat 3, forming a seal for hydrogen. At this time, 2-20 bar of hydrogen enters the intake storage chamber 6 from the common rail through the intake channel 7 of intake valve body 32, and then enters the accumulator chamber 33 after passing through the second intake hole 23 and filter screen 30 in sequence, where it accumulates and maintains a constant pressure. Part of the hydrogen entering the accumulator chamber 33 enters the first balance hole 20 and the second balance hole 21 through the first intake hole 22 on needle valve 5, thus flowing into the inside of needle valve 5. At this time, since needle valve 5 is pressed on valve seat 3 by helical spring 24, elastic seal 9 plays a complete sealing role, hydrogen cannot continue to flow, and the injector remains closed.

[0058] Operating state of electromagnetic coil 252 when energized: After electromagnetic coil 252 is energized, a magnetic field is generated inside electromagnetic coil 252. The electromagnetic force is greater than the preload of helical spring 24, causing needle valve 5 to disengage from the boss of valve seat 3, releasing the seal, and hydrogen gas begins to flow. Since elastic seal 9 no longer forms a seal with valve seat 3, hydrogen gas begins to flow from the first annular groove 10 and the sink groove 13 of valve seat 3 into the second annular groove 11, and continues to be injected into the jet channel 8 through the guide groove 15 on the second annular groove 11, thereby entering the hydrogen fuel cell or hydrogen engine.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of this utility model and is not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the scope of the spirit of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A side-supply type high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector, characterized in that, It includes a mounting base (1), a fixed base (2), a valve seat (3), a fixed valve body (4), and a needle valve (5); the mounting base (1) has an air intake storage chamber (6); the fixed base (2) and the valve seat (3) are fixed to the top and bottom of the air intake storage chamber (6) respectively, so that the air intake storage chamber (6) forms a sealed chamber; the side wall of the mounting base (1) has an air intake channel (7) communicating with the air intake storage chamber (6), and the lower part of the mounting base (1) also has an air jet channel (8) communicating with the air intake storage chamber (6); the fixed valve body (4) is fixed on the fixed base (2), and the needle valve (5) is movably connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body (4) and extends into the air intake storage chamber (6) to cooperate with the valve seat (3) to realize air jet; The upper surface of the valve seat (3) is provided with a first annular groove (10), a second annular groove (11) and a sink groove (13) in a coaxial manner from the outside to the inside; a guide groove (15) communicating with the jet channel (8) is also provided on the second annular groove (11).

2. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the needle valve (5) is provided with an elastic sealing element (9) that cooperates with the valve seat (3); there are protrusions (14) between the first annular groove (10) and the second annular groove (11), and between the second annular groove (11) and the sink groove (13) for sealing the gas in cooperation with the elastic sealing element (9); an environmental sealing ring (16) and a first air inlet sealing ring (17) are respectively provided between the fixed seat (2) and the valve seat (3) and the mounting seat (1).

3. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the needle valve (5) is provided with a connecting part (19) that matches the shape of the elastic seal (9), and the elastic seal (9) is fixed at the bottom of the connecting part (19); the needle valve (5) is provided with a first balance hole (20), and the connecting part (19) is provided with a second balance hole (21). The first balance hole (20) and the second balance hole (21) are connected and coaxially arranged; the side wall of the first balance hole (20) is also provided with a first air inlet hole (22) that is connected to the air inlet storage cavity (6).

4. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, On the needle valve (5), a third annular groove (12) is also provided circumferentially on the side wall that cooperates with the fixed valve body (4) to reduce the friction between the needle valve (5) and the fixed valve body (4).

5. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, It also includes a helical spring (24) and a solenoid valve assembly (25). The needle valve (5) is movably connected to the fixed valve body (4) via the helical spring (24). The solenoid valve assembly (25) is used to cooperate with the helical spring (24) and generate electromagnetic force to drive the needle valve (5) to move when energized. It includes an injection molded skeleton (251), an electromagnetic coil (252) wrapped in the injection molded skeleton (251), and an electromagnetic shell (253) sleeved on the outside of the injection molded skeleton (251).

6. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixed valve body (4) has an assembly hole (26) inside, and an adjusting bolt (27) is threadedly connected to the upper part of the assembly hole (26). The upper end of the helical spring (24) is fixedly connected to the adjusting bolt (27). The fixed valve body (4) also has a tail cap (28) on top.

7. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower diameter of the assembly hole (26) is larger than the upper diameter to form a limiting platform (29), and the needle valve (5) is located below the limiting platform (29).

8. The side-supply high-flow-rate hydrogen fuel injector according to claim 1, 2, 3, 6 or 7, characterized in that, It also includes a filter screen (30), a filter screen frame (31), and an intake valve body (32) disposed in the intake storage chamber (6); the filter screen (30) forms a pressure accumulator chamber (33) inside, the upper end of which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed valve body (4) through the filter screen frame (31), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the valve seat (3); the intake valve body (32) is sleeved on the outside of the filter screen (30) and the filter screen frame (31), and its side wall is provided with a second intake hole (23) communicating with the intake storage chamber (6), and a second intake sealing ring (18) is also provided on the upper outer periphery of the intake valve body (32).

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