Ejector and fuel cell assembly and vehicle having the same

Abstract

This invention provides an ejector and a fuel cell assembly and vehicle having the same. Specifically, the ejector includes a power unit, a mixing tube, a guide column, and a nozzle assembly. One end of the mixing tube is connected to the ejector body, and the other end is connected to the power unit. A mixing channel is provided inside the mixing tube, and a secondary inlet and a mixing medium outlet communicating with the mixing channel are provided on the mixing tube. One end of the guide column is connected to the output shaft of the power unit, and at least a portion of the guide column extends into the mixing channel. An adjustment channel is formed between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel. The nozzle assembly is connected to the ejector body, and the nozzle of the nozzle assembly extends into the ejector body. The nozzle and the end of the guide column are positioned opposite each other. The power unit can drive the guide column to move axially along the mixing tube to adjust the distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the adjustment channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fuel cells, and more specifically, to an ejector and a fuel cell assembly and vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] In current fuel cell technology, the ejector, as a key component, is primarily used to achieve efficient hydrogen circulation, optimize hydrogen-oxygen mixing, and dynamically regulate flow rate to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell under varying loads and operating conditions. Traditional single-stage ejector designs have fixed internal flow channel dimensions, including the mixing tube diameter and nozzle diameter. This design characteristic limits the ejector's adaptability and flexibility to some extent, especially when the fuel cell system needs to rapidly adjust system performance according to load changes; a fixed-geometry ejector struggles to meet the demands of dynamic adjustment.

[0003] No effective solution has yet been proposed to address the above issues. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an ejector and a fuel cell assembly and vehicle having the same, in order to solve the problem in the prior art where the ejector ratio is difficult to adjust precisely under different operating conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, an ejector is provided, comprising: a power unit; a mixing tube, one end of which is connected to the ejector body, and the other end of which is connected to the power unit, wherein a mixing channel is provided inside the mixing tube, and a secondary inlet and a mixing medium outlet communicating with the mixing channel are provided on the mixing tube; a guide column, one end of which is connected to the output shaft of the power unit, at least a portion of which extends into the mixing channel, and an adjusting channel is formed between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel; and a nozzle assembly, which is connected to the ejector body, wherein the nozzle of the nozzle assembly extends into the ejector body, and the nozzle and the end of the guide column are disposed opposite to each other; wherein the power unit can drive the guide column to move axially along the mixing tube to adjust the distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the adjusting channel.

[0006] Furthermore, the guide column has a first working position in which a portion of the guide column's end is located inside the nozzle, and a second working position in which the guide column moves away from the nozzle, so that the end of the guide column is located outside the nozzle, wherein when the guide column is located in the first working position, a gap is formed between a portion of the guide column and the inner wall surface of the nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, the nozzle assembly includes: a switching valve, one end of which is connected to the ejector body, at least a portion of which protrudes from the ejector body; one end of the nozzle is connected to the switching valve; an injection port is provided at the end of the nozzle near the guide column; and an injection channel is provided inside the nozzle. When the power device drives the guide column to move toward the nozzle to the first working position, a gap is formed between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the injection channel, and the nozzle communicates with the mixing channel through the gap.

[0008] Furthermore, the ejector body has a main channel, one end of which is connected to the air inlet connector and the other end of which is connected to the switch valve. When the switch valve is in the open state, the main channel is connected to the nozzle, and the high-pressure gas in the main channel flows into the mixing channel through the nozzle. When the switch valve is in the closed state, the main channel is not connected to the injection channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the mixing channel sequentially includes a mixing section, a straight section, and a diffuser section. The secondary flow inlet is connected to the mixing section, the mixing medium outlet is connected to the diffuser section, the power unit is located on the side closer to the diffuser section, and the nozzle is located on the side closer to the mixing section. The inner diameter of the mixing section gradually decreases towards the straight section, while the inner diameter of the diffuser section gradually increases towards the power unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide column includes: a first component section, a second component section, and a third component section. The first end of the first component section is connected to the output shaft of the power unit. The first end of the second component section is connected to the second end of the first component section through a first conical surface. The second end of the second component section is connected to the first end of the third component section through a second conical surface. The second end of the third component section is located near the nozzle.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the first component section is greater than that of the second component section, the outer diameter of the second component section is greater than that of the third component section, the outer diameter of the third component section is smaller than that of the inner diameter of the nozzle, and the outer diameter of the second component section is greater than that of the inner diameter of the nozzle.

[0012] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided on the ejector body, with at least a portion of the pressure sensor located within the main flow channel.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell assembly is provided, including an ejector, wherein the ejector is any of the ejectors described above.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a fuel cell assembly, which is the fuel cell assembly described above.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, a power device drives the guide column to move axially, adjusting the working distance between the guide column and the nozzle assembly, dynamically changing the distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel, thereby changing the flow area of ​​the regulating channel. This design allows the ejector to continuously and precisely adjust the ejection ratio under different operating conditions to meet the diverse needs of hydrogen fuel cell systems for hydrogen circulation and mixing. This application solves the problem in the prior art where it is difficult to accurately adjust the ejection ratio of the ejector under different operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first embodiment of the ejector according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of the ejector according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a third embodiment of the ejector according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 An isometric view of the flow guide column according to the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the function of a first embodiment of the guide column according to the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the function of a second embodiment of the guide column according to the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the function of a third embodiment of the guide column according to the present invention is shown.

[0024] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Power unit;

[0026] 2. Mixing tube; 20. Mixing channel; 201. Mixing section; 202. Straight section; 203. Diffusion section;

[0027] 3. Ejector body; 30. Main channel;

[0028] 4. Pressure sensor;

[0029] 5. Air intake connector;

[0030] 6. Switch valve;

[0031] 7. Guide column; 71. First component section; 72. Second component section; 73. Third component section; 74. First cone surface; 75. Second cone surface;

[0032] 8. Nozzle; 81. Injection channel;

[0033] 9. Mixed medium outlet;

[0034] 10. Secondary flow inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0038] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0039] Combination Figures 1 to 7 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this application, an ejector and a fuel cell assembly having the same, and a vehicle are provided.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the ejector includes: a power unit 1, a mixing tube 2, a guide column 7, and a nozzle assembly. One end of the mixing tube 2 is connected to the ejector body 3, and the other end of the mixing tube 2 is connected to the power unit 1. A mixing channel 20 is provided inside the mixing tube 2. The mixing tube 2 is provided with a secondary inlet 10 and a mixing medium outlet 9 that communicate with the mixing channel 20. One end of the guide column 7 is connected to the output shaft of the power unit 1. At least a portion of the guide column 7 extends into the mixing channel 20, and an adjustment channel is formed between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 20. The nozzle assembly is connected to the ejector body 3, and the nozzle 8 of the nozzle assembly extends into the ejector body 3. The nozzle 8 is positioned opposite to the end of the guide column 7. The power unit 1 can drive the guide column 7 to move axially along the mixing tube 2 to adjust the distance between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 20, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the adjustment channel.

[0041] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, the guide column 7 is driven to move axially by the power device 1, adjusting the working distance between the guide column 7 and the nozzle assembly, and dynamically changing the distance between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 20, thereby changing the flow area of ​​the regulating channel. This design allows the ejector to continuously and accurately adjust the ejection ratio under different operating conditions to meet the diverse needs of hydrogen fuel cell systems for hydrogen circulation and mixing. This application solves the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to accurately adjust the ejection ratio of the ejector under different operating conditions.

[0042] Specifically, the guide column 7 has a first working position in which it moves toward the nozzle 8 so that a portion of the end of the guide column 7 is located inside the nozzle 8, and a second working position in which it moves away from the nozzle 8 so that the end of the guide column 7 is located outside the nozzle 8. When the guide column 7 is in the first working position, a gap is formed between a portion of the guide column 7 and the inner wall surface of the nozzle 8.

[0043] Nozzle 8 comprises a conical section and a cylindrical section. One end of the cylindrical section is connected to the switching valve, and the other end is connected to the first end of the conical section. The second end of the conical section extends near the guide column 7. In the first operating position, when the guide column 7 moves towards the nozzle 8, a portion of the guide column 7 enters the nozzle interior, forming a tiny gap with the nozzle's inner wall. This specific position is designed to precisely control the mixing process of the mainstream gas and the secondary gas. Because the nozzle's front end is designed with a conical section (i.e., a conical contraction structure), the gap formed between the end of the guide column 7 and the nozzle's inner wall in this area directly affects the acceleration and pressure of the mainstream gas passing through the nozzle, thereby altering the mainstream velocity at the nozzle outlet and the suction force of the secondary flow. By narrowing the gap, the local resistance of nozzle 8 can be increased, causing changes in the velocity and pressure distribution of the mainstream gas, thus enhancing the suction effect and increasing the ejection ratio. Conversely, if the gap between the end of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of nozzle 8 increases, the resistance of the mainstream gas decreases, and the flow velocity may increase, but the suction effect weakens, and the ejection ratio decreases.

[0044] In this embodiment, the second working position is not singular, but rather encompasses a range from the complete withdrawal of the guide column 7 from the nozzle 8 to a specific point, forming multiple working states. In these positions, the end of the guide column 7 is no longer located within the nozzle 8, but moves freely within the mixing tube 2. Changes in its position directly affect the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the mixing tube. By adjusting the position of the guide column 7 within the mixing tube, the meeting point of the mainstream gas and the secondary gas in the mixing section can be altered, thereby affecting their mixing ratio and mixing efficiency. When the guide column 7 is located near the nozzle 8 but not yet inside the nozzle (i.e., the "near-nozzle state"), the transition area between the mixing tube and the nozzle is relatively narrow, and the contact between the mainstream gas and the secondary gas is more concentrated, which is beneficial for forming a high-speed ejector flow near the nozzle, but may lead to a decrease in mixing quality. As the guide column 7 continues to move away from the nozzle 8 and enters deeper into the mixing tube (i.e., the "deep mixing state"), the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the mixing tube gradually increases, and the mainstream gas mixes with the secondary gas over a longer path, improving mixing uniformity, but potentially sacrificing some ejector efficiency. Finally, when the guide column 7 completely exits the effective area of ​​the mixing tube (i.e., the "fully open state"), the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the mixing tube reaches its maximum, and the mainstream gas is almost unobstructed. At this time, the ejector operates at the lowest ejection ratio, which is suitable for low-load or high-volume mainstream gas supply conditions in fuel cell systems.

[0045] Furthermore, the nozzle assembly includes: a switching valve 6, one end of which is connected to the ejector body 3, with at least a portion of the switching valve 6 protruding from the ejector body 3; a nozzle 8, one end of which is connected to the switching valve 6; an injection port located at the end of the nozzle 8 near the guide column 7; and an injection channel 81 located inside the nozzle 8. When the power unit 1 drives the guide column 7 to move toward the nozzle 8 to the first working position, a gap is formed between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the injection channel 81, and the nozzle 8 communicates with the mixing channel 20 through this gap. One end of the switching valve 6 is connected to the ejector body 3, and the other end is connected to the nozzle 8. The main function of the switching valve 6 is to determine whether the mainstream gas can flow into the nozzle 8. By controlling the opening and closing of the switching valve 6, the ejector can be started and stopped, avoiding energy waste when the ejector is not needed, and also providing a safety protection mechanism for the system. When the power unit 1 (usually a linear stepper motor) drives the guide column 7 to move toward the nozzle 8 to the first working position, a tiny gap is formed between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the injection channel 81. This gap directly controls the flow velocity and pressure distribution of the mainstream gas as it passes through the nozzle 8, thus affecting the ejector's suction effect on the secondary gas. By precisely controlling the mainstream gas through the switching valve 6, combined with the gap adjustment between the guide column 7 and the nozzle 8, the fully variable flow channel ejector can achieve a high degree of performance self-adaptation while maintaining a compact structure, significantly improving the ejector's operating efficiency and economy.

[0046] Specifically, the ejector body 3 has a main channel 30. One end of the main channel 30 is connected to the air inlet connector 5, and the other end of the main channel 30 is connected to the switch valve 6. When the switch valve 6 is in the open state, the main channel 30 is connected to the nozzle 8, and the high-pressure gas in the main channel 30 flows into the mixing channel 20 through the nozzle 8. When the switch valve 6 is in the closed state, the main channel 30 is not connected to the injection channel.

[0047] The ejector body 3 is the core framework of the entire ejector. It not only provides structural support for all components but also achieves precise guidance and control of high-pressure gas through a specific main flow channel 30. The main flow channel 30 is located inside the ejector body 3. One end is tightly connected to the inlet connector 5 to receive high-pressure gas supplied from the outside; the other end leads to the switching valve 6, serving as a pre-channel for high-pressure gas to enter the nozzle 8. The inlet connector 5 acts as the inlet for the main flow gas. When the fuel cell system is running, high-pressure gas is input into the ejector through this connector, providing the power source for the ejection process. The switching valve 6 is located at the end of the main flow channel 30, and its state directly determines whether the main flow gas can enter the nozzle 8. When the switching valve 6 is open, the high-pressure gas inside the main flow channel 30 can flow directly through the nozzle 8 and enter the mixing channel 20 to mix with the secondary flow gas. In this mode, the ejector performs its ejection function, drawing in and mixing the secondary flow gas through the high-speed flow of the main flow gas, thereby improving the gas circulation efficiency of the fuel cell system. When the switching valve 6 is closed, the main flow channel 30 is no longer connected to the injection channel 81 (i.e., the internal channel of the nozzle 8), and the high-pressure gas is blocked from entering the nozzle 8. At this time, the ejector stops working, avoiding energy waste and system burden when the fuel cell system does not require gas circulation or mixing. By controlling the opening and closing of the switching valve 6, the ejector can precisely manage the flow and pressure of the high-pressure gas, ensuring the working efficiency of the ejector and the stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system under different operating conditions.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the mixing channel 20 sequentially includes a mixing section 201, a straight section 202, and a diffuser section 203. The secondary inlet 10 is connected to the mixing section 201, and the mixing medium outlet 9 is connected to the diffuser section 203. The power unit 1 is positioned near the diffuser section 203, and the nozzle 8 is positioned near the mixing section 201. The inner diameter of the mixing section 201 gradually decreases towards the straight section 202, while the inner diameter of the diffuser section 203 gradually increases towards the power unit 1. This segmented design of the mixing channel 20 in the ejector, through the strong disturbance of the mixing section 201, the stable transmission of the straight section 202, and the energy recovery of the diffuser section 203, significantly improves gas mixing performance, reduces fluid energy loss, and simultaneously ensures system safety and operational economy.

[0049] Optionally, the mixing section 201 is located at the beginning of the mixing channel 20, and its inner diameter gradually decreases towards the straight section 202. In this region, the secondary flow gas is introduced through the secondary flow inlet 10, encounters the mainstream gas ejected from the nozzle 8 for the first time, and begins to mix. The gradually decreasing inner diameter design of the mixing section 201 promotes strong turbulence between the mainstream and secondary flow gases, accelerating the mixing process. This design helps to achieve efficient gas mixing in a small space, and the mixing efficiency can be adjusted by controlling the degree of contraction of the mixing section to meet the needs of different operating conditions. The straight section 202 serves as a transition between the mixing section 201 and the diffuser section 203, and has a relatively stable inner diameter. Its function is to provide a straight path for the initially mixed gases, allowing them to further merge without additional interference. The presence of the straight section helps maintain the stability of the mixed gas, avoids turbulence or separation of the mixed gas, and ensures the mixing quality. In addition, the design of the straight section can reduce the energy loss of the fluid during the mixing process and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the entire ejector. The diffuser section 203 is adjacent to the straight section, and its inner diameter gradually increases towards the power unit 1. The purpose of this region is to gradually increase the flow channel cross-section, slow down the flow velocity of the mixed gas, thereby recovering its kinetic energy and converting it into static pressure energy, thus improving energy utilization efficiency. In addition, it also plays a role in noise reduction and stabilizing the pressure of the mixed gas, ensuring that the mixed gas flows smoothly out of the mixing medium outlet 9 and into the fuel cell stack.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the guide column 7 includes a first section 71, a second section 72, and a third section 73. The first end of the first section 71 is connected to the output shaft of the power unit 1. The first end of the second section 72 is connected to the second end of the first section 71 via a first conical surface 74. The second end of the second section 72 is connected to the first end of the third section 73 via a second conical surface 75. The second end of the third section 73 is located near the nozzle 8. The segmented design of the first section 71, the second section 72, and the third section 73 of the guide column 7, combined with the transition structure of the first conical surface 74 and the second conical surface 75, ensures that the flow area of ​​the mixing tube and the nozzle can be accurately changed at different positions by varying the outer diameter of the different sections, thus achieving precise control of the ejection ratio. The conical contraction design between each section of the guide column effectively reduces the boundary layer thickness of the fluid on the surface of the guide column, reduces fluid resistance, and allows the gas to transition smoothly as it moves through the guide column, avoiding excessive turbulence and energy loss.

[0051] Specifically, the outer diameter of the first component segment 71 is greater than the outer diameter of the second component segment 72, the outer diameter of the second component segment 72 is greater than the outer diameter of the third component segment 73, the outer diameter of the third component segment 73 is less than the inner diameter of the nozzle, and the outer diameter of the second component segment 72 is greater than the inner diameter of the nozzle.

[0052] The first section 71 has the largest outer diameter, and one end of it is connected to the output shaft of the linear stepper motor (power unit 1). This section design provides a solid physical foundation for the guide column, ensuring its stability and guiding accuracy during axial movement. The tight connection between the first section 71 and the power unit 1 ensures that the guide column 7 can move precisely axially according to the control system commands, effectively changing the distance between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 20, thereby changing the flow area of ​​the regulating channel. The third section 73 has the smallest outer diameter, which is smaller than the inner diameter of the injection port. This allows the mainstream gas to pass through the gap between the third section 73 and the injection port when the guide column 7 moves to the first working position, while reducing interference with the secondary flow gas. The outer diameter of the second component section 72 is between that of the first component section 71 and the third component section 73, and is larger than the inner diameter of the injection port. This means that when the guide column 7 moves to a specific position in the mixing channel 20, the second component section 72 can adjust the distance between the outer surface of the guide column 7 and the inner wall of the mixing channel 20, and can also prevent the nozzle 8 from being blocked.

[0053] In this embodiment, the end of the third section 73 near the nozzle 8 is designed as a planar structure, which reduces the processing difficulty and makes the manufacturing process simpler and more efficient. The flat end face also provides a more stable contact surface when in contact with the mixing channel, which helps guide the flow column and improve its stability during movement. The flow column 7 must have a low surface roughness during processing because when fluids such as hydrogen flow at high speeds, encountering a rough surface can easily generate local turbulence, increasing energy loss and reducing ejection efficiency. A low-roughness surface reduces friction between the fluid and the flow column, maintaining laminar flow and thus improving the overall performance of the ejector.

[0054] Specifically, pressure sensors 4 are installed on the ejector body 3, with at least a portion of the pressure sensors 4 located within the main flow channel 30. The arrangement of the pressure sensors 4 is to monitor the dynamic pressure changes of the mainstream gas within the main flow channel 30 in real time, thereby providing necessary data feedback to the control system and helping to adjust the position of the guide column 7 in a timely manner to achieve precise control of the ejector performance.

[0055] In this embodiment, the power unit 1 uses a stepper motor, and the guide column 7 is connected to the stepper motor via a threaded connection. This mechanical connection method is simple and reliable, and can convert the rotational motion of the stepper motor into the linear motion of the guide column, achieving precise axial movement of the guide column 7 within the mixing channel. The stepper motor is selected as an explosion-proof motor, which is particularly important in fuel cell systems because hydrogen is highly flammable. The explosion-proof motor design effectively prevents potential electrical sparks generated inside the motor from igniting leaked hydrogen, ensuring the safety and stability of the system during operation.

[0056] In this embodiment, the ejector works by introducing the high-pressure airflow into the ejector body 3 through the main flow inlet connector 5 and the main flow channel 30. The high-pressure main flow flows to the front end of the switching valve 6. The switching valve 6 controls the entry of the high-pressure main flow as needed. The pressure sensor 4 installed on the ejector body 3 can monitor the pressure of the main flow in real time. When working, the switching valve is lifted, and the high-pressure airflow flows to the nozzle through the switching valve. The nozzle front end adopts a conical contraction structure, where the high-pressure main flow is further pressurized and accelerated. Then, it enters the mixing section of the mixing tube through the nozzle's injection port. At the same time, the low-pressure airflow of the secondary flow enters the mixing section of the mixing tube through the secondary flow inlet. In the mixing section of the mixing tube, the main flow and the secondary flow mix and are accelerated again. Then, it enters the fuel cell stack's air inlet from the mixing medium outlet through the straight section and diffuser section of the mixing tube.

[0057] Based on different fuel cell stacks and different operating conditions, the ejector in this application provides multiple operating condition adaptation solutions, as follows:

[0058] Condition 1: With the switching valve closed, the main flow cannot enter the nozzle, and the fuel cell shuts down.

[0059] Operating Condition 2: The switching valve is open, and the stepper motor controls the guide column to be in the position as follows. Figure 5 At the position shown, the flow guide column 7 is in the fully open state. The first section of the flow guide column is located inside the mixing tube. At this time, the distance between the outer surface of the flow guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel is the largest. At this time, the flow area of ​​the regulating channel is the largest, the nozzle cross-sectional area is the largest, and the maximum amount of mainstream and secondary flow is allowed to pass through. This is suitable for high-power operation of fuel cells. At this time, the hydrogen circulation efficiency is the highest, which can fully meet the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell stack.

[0060] Operating Condition 3: The switching valve is open, and the stepper motor controls the guide column to be in the position as follows. Figure 6 As shown, the second section of the guide column 7 is located inside the mixing tube. At this time, the distance between the outer surface of the guide column and the inner wall of the mixing channel is reduced compared to the distance in condition 2. At this time, the flow area of ​​the regulating channel is reduced, while the nozzle cross-sectional area is still at its maximum.

[0061] Operating Condition 4: The switching valve is open, and the stepper motor controls the guide column to be in the position as follows. Figure 7At the position shown (first working position), the end of part of the guide column 7 is located inside the nozzle 8. At this time, the cross-sectional area of ​​the mixing tube reaches its minimum, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle is also at its minimum.

[0062] This invention allows for linear control via a stepper motor, tailored to different needs. In practical applications, such as during initial vehicle startup when the fuel cell stack load is low, the guide column 7 is moved towards the nozzle to reduce the mixing tube cross-sectional area and lower the ejection ratio, thus adapting to low-power operation requirements and avoiding resource waste caused by excessive hydrogen circulation. As the vehicle runs and the fuel cell stack load increases, the guide column 7 is gradually moved away from the nozzle. Figures 6 to 5 This increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the mixing tube and improves the ejector ratio, ensuring that the hydrogen circulation efficiency matches the power requirements of the fuel cell stack. This enables efficient circulation of anode hydrogen across the entire power operating range, improving the operational stability and energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0063] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this utility model achieve the following technical effects:

[0064] This invention's ejector, through the built-in axially movable guide column, achieves dynamic adjustment of the flow area of ​​the mixing tube and nozzle, thereby enabling continuous and precise control of the ejector's ejection ratio. This innovative design overcomes the limitations of traditional fixed-geometry ejectors under varying loads and operating conditions, allowing the ejector to better adapt to the operation of hydrogen fuel cell systems under different power requirements.

[0065] The above embodiments can also be applied to the field of equipment technology. That is, according to another aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell assembly is provided, including an ejector, wherein the ejector is any of the ejectors in the above embodiments.

[0066] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a fuel cell assembly, which is the fuel cell assembly in the above embodiments.

[0067] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0068] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this utility model.

[0069] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An ejector, characterized in that, include: Power unit (1); A mixing tube (2) is provided, one end of which is connected to the ejector body (3) and the other end of which is connected to the power device (1). A mixing channel (20) is provided inside the mixing tube (2). A secondary inlet (10) and a mixing medium outlet (9) connected to the mixing channel (20) are provided on the mixing tube (2). A guide column (7) is provided, one end of which is connected to the output shaft of the power device (1). At least a portion of the guide column (7) extends into the mixing channel (20). An adjustment channel is formed between the outer surface of the guide column (7) and the inner wall of the mixing channel (20). A nozzle assembly is connected to the ejector body (3), and the nozzle (8) of the nozzle assembly extends into the ejector body (3). The nozzle (8) is disposed opposite to the end of the guide column (7). The power device (1) can drive the guide column (7) to move along the axial direction of the mixing pipe (2) to adjust the distance between the outer surface of the guide column (7) and the inner wall of the mixing channel (20), thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the regulating channel.

2. The ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide column (7) has a first working position in which a portion of the end of the guide column (7) is located inside the nozzle (8), and a second working position in which the guide column (7) is located away from the nozzle (8), wherein when the guide column (7) is located in the first working position, a gap is formed between a portion of the guide column (7) and the inner wall surface of the nozzle (8).

3. The ejector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nozzle assembly includes: A switching valve (6) is provided, one end of which is connected to the ejector body (3). At least part of the switching valve (6) protrudes from the ejector body (3). One end of the nozzle (8) is connected to the switching valve (6). The nozzle (8) has an injection port at one end near the guide column (7). An injection channel (81) is provided inside the nozzle (8). When the power device (1) drives the guide column (7) to move toward the nozzle (8) to the first working position, a gap is formed between the outer surface of the guide column (7) and the inner wall of the injection channel (81), and the nozzle (8) communicates with the mixing channel (20) through the gap.

4. The ejector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ejector body (3) has a main channel (30). One end of the main channel (30) is connected to the air inlet connector (5), and the other end of the main channel (30) is connected to the switch valve (6). When the switch valve (6) is in the open state, the main channel (30) is connected to the nozzle (8), and the high-pressure gas in the main channel (30) flows into the mixing channel (20) through the nozzle (8). When the switch valve (6) is in the closed state, the main channel (30) is not connected to the injection channel.

5. The ejector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The mixing channel (20) includes a mixing section (201), a straight section (202), and a diffuser section (203) in sequence. The secondary inlet (10) is connected to the mixing section (201), the mixing medium outlet (9) is connected to the diffuser section (203), the power unit (1) is located near the diffuser section (203), and the nozzle (8) is located near the mixing section (201). The inner diameter of the mixing section (201) gradually decreases toward the straight section (202), while the inner diameter of the diffuser section (203) gradually increases toward the power unit (1).

6. The ejector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide column (7) includes a first component section (71), a second component section (72), and a third component section (73). The first end of the first component section (71) is connected to the output shaft of the power unit (1). The first end of the second component section (72) is connected to the second end of the first component section (71) through a first conical surface (74). The second end of the second component section (72) is connected to the first end of the third component section (73) through a second conical surface (75). The second end of the third component section (73) is located near the nozzle (8).

7. The ejector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the first component segment (71) is greater than the outer diameter of the second component segment (72), the outer diameter of the second component segment (72) is greater than the outer diameter of the third component segment (73), the outer diameter of the third component segment (73) is smaller than the inner diameter of the injection port, and the outer diameter of the second component segment (72) is greater than the inner diameter of the injection port.

8. The ejector according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (4) is provided on the ejector body (3), and at least part of the pressure sensor (4) is located in the main channel (30).

9. A fuel cell assembly, comprising an ejector, characterized in that, The ejector is the ejector according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell assembly, characterized in that, The fuel cell assembly is the fuel cell assembly described in claim 9.

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