Cross shafts, universal joint transmission devices and mining machinery

Abstract

This application discloses a cross shaft, a universal joint transmission device, and mining machinery. The cross shaft includes a shaft frame, a bushing assembly, and an elastic buffer assembly. The shaft frame includes a shaft seat and four shaft ends extending sequentially along the circumference of the shaft seat. Each shaft end has an abutment step surface facing away from the shaft seat and arranged in a ring. Each shaft end is fitted with a bushing assembly for connecting with the universal joint fork, and the bushing assembly and the abutment step surface enclose a mounting annular groove. The elastic buffer assembly includes an elastic element and a pressure plate placed in the mounting annular groove and arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the shaft ends. Both the pressure plate and the elastic element are arranged in a ring. The elastic element is used to elastically support the pressure plate in contact with the bushing assembly for buffering and reducing wear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of universal joint technology, specifically relating to a cross shaft, a universal joint transmission device, and mining engineering machinery. Background Technology

[0002] The cross shaft is a key component for achieving variable-angle power transmission, primarily used in locations where the direction of the drive shaft needs to be changed. In vehicle drive systems, the cross shaft acts as the "joint" component of the universal joint, undertaking the important functions of transmitting power and adjusting angles. Among them, the cross shaft type rigid universal joint is a widely used non-constant velocity universal joint in vehicles, and the cross shaft is one of the core components of the rigid universal joint.

[0003] In traditional crossshaft structures, the contact between the shaft carrier and the bushing assembly is typically rigid. While this design effectively transmits power under normal operating conditions, it exhibits significant limitations in extreme working environments. For example, mining machinery operating in mines often travels on off-road surfaces with uneven terrain and numerous potholes, subjecting the vehicles to strong impacts and vibrations. These impacts generate extremely high collision kinetic energy, directly acting between the crossshaft's shaft carrier and bushing assembly. Due to the lack of a buffer mechanism, the rigid contact surface is prone to severe wear under repeated high-energy impacts, affecting not only transmission efficiency and accuracy but also significantly shortening component lifespan, increasing equipment failure rates and maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies, this application provides a cross shaft, a universal joint transmission device, and mining engineering machinery, aiming to solve the technical problem that traditional cross shafts are prone to severe wear under impact due to the lack of a buffer mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a cross shaft, which includes a shaft frame, a shaft sleeve assembly, and an elastic buffer assembly. The shaft frame includes a shaft seat and four shaft heads extending sequentially along the circumference of the shaft seat. Each shaft head has an abutment step surface facing away from the shaft seat and arranged in a ring. Each shaft head is fitted with a shaft sleeve assembly, which is used to connect with a universal joint fork, and the shaft sleeve assembly and the abutment step surface enclose a mounting annular groove. The elastic buffer assembly includes an elastic element and a pressure plate placed in the mounting annular groove and arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the shaft head. Both the pressure plate and the elastic element are arranged in a ring, and the elastic element is used to elastically support the pressure plate in contact with the shaft sleeve assembly.

[0006] In this embodiment, the elastic element is a spring element, and there are multiple spring elements. The pressure plate has a first mounting hole with the same number of spring elements, and the abutting step surface has a second mounting hole with the same number of spring elements. The first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are arranged sequentially and correspondingly along the circumferential direction. The two ends of the spring element extend into the corresponding first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, respectively.

[0007] In this embodiment, the bushing assembly includes a bearing component and a bushing body for connecting with a universal joint fork. The bushing body is fitted onto the shaft head and seals both ends of the shaft head. A bearing component is fitted between the shaft head and the bushing body. The end of the bushing body facing the step surface forms an mounting annular groove with the step surface.

[0008] In this embodiment of the application, the bushing assembly further includes an oil seal. The bushing body includes a surrounding plate portion and an end plate portion. The end plate portion blocks the end of the surrounding plate portion away from the step surface. A bearing is fitted between the surrounding plate portion and the shaft head. An installation notch is formed on the inner wall of the end of the surrounding plate portion facing the step surface. The oil seal is disposed in the installation notch.

[0009] In this embodiment, the end plate portion and the end face of the shaft head are spaced apart to form an oil storage cavity that communicates with the oil guide channel on the shaft head. One end of the bearing member abuts against the oil seal member, and the other end extends out from the shaft head and abuts against the end plate portion.

[0010] In this embodiment, each shaft head is provided with an oil guide channel communicating with the oil injection chamber on the shaft seat. The shaft seat is also formed with an oil outlet channel having a first opening. The oil outlet channel is placed between two adjacent oil guide channels and communicates with the oil injection chamber. The cross shaft also includes an oil outlet check valve for relieving pressure in the oil injection chamber. One end of the oil outlet check valve extends into the oil outlet channel from the first opening, and the other end extends out of the first opening.

[0011] In this embodiment, an oil injection channel with a second opening is also formed on the bearing seat. The oil injection channel is connected to the oil injection chamber. The gaps between the four shaft heads are alternately provided with an oil outlet channel and an oil injection channel. The cross shaft also includes an oil inlet check valve for injecting oil into the oil injection chamber. One end of the oil inlet check valve extends into the oil injection channel from the second opening, and the other end extends out of the second opening.

[0012] In this embodiment, the oil inlet check valve has an oil filling port and an oil replenishment port at one end extending from the second opening. The oil filling port is located at the end of the oil inlet check valve and is equipped with a detachable plug. The oil replenishment port is located on the outer circumferential surface of the oil inlet check valve, and the oil replenishment port is connected to the oil outlet of the oil outlet check valve through a pressure relief pipeline.

[0013] In the embodiments of this application, the elastic modulus of the spring of the oil outlet check valve, the elastic element, and the spring of the oil inlet check valve are arranged to decrease sequentially.

[0014] In addition, this application also provides a universal joint drive device, which includes a universal joint fork and a cross shaft as described above.

[0015] In addition, this application also provides a mining engineering machinery, which includes the universal joint transmission device as described above.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the cross shaft provided in this application embodiment has the following beneficial effects: In the technical solution of this application, the shaft bracket includes a shaft seat and four shaft heads, which extend sequentially along the circumference of the shaft seat. Each shaft head has an annularly arranged abutment step surface, which can be formed by a variable diameter. Each shaft head is fitted with a shaft sleeve assembly, which can rotate relative to the shaft sleeve assembly. The shaft sleeve assembly is used to connect with a universal joint fork. The shaft sleeve assembly and the abutment step surface enclose a mounting annular groove, and an elastic buffer assembly is disposed within the mounting annular groove. The shaft sleeve assembly includes an elastic element and a pressure plate, which are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the shaft head. Both the pressure plate and the elastic element are annularly arranged, with the pressure plate sleeved outside the shaft head, and the elastic element used to elastically support the pressure plate in contact with the shaft sleeve assembly.

[0017] By incorporating an elastic element and a pressure plate within the mounting annular groove between the shaft bracket and the bushing assembly, a flexible connection is achieved between the shaft bracket and the bushing assembly, providing a buffer space and energy absorption area for the cross shaft. When the cross shaft vibrates due to an impact, the elastic element within the mounting annular groove can convert the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, reducing contact stress and wear. Furthermore, the pressure plate ensures more even force distribution on the bushing assembly.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross shaft according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cross shaft according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is an exploded structural diagram of a cross shaft according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] The cross shaft, universal joint transmission device, and mining machinery of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this application provides a cross shaft, which includes a shaft frame 10, a shaft sleeve assembly 20, and an elastic buffer assembly 30. The shaft frame 10 includes a shaft seat 11 and four shaft heads 12 extending sequentially along the circumference of the shaft seat 11. Each shaft head 12 has an abutment step surface 121 facing away from the shaft seat 11 and arranged in an annular shape. Each shaft head 12 is fitted with a shaft sleeve assembly 20, which is used to connect with a universal joint fork. The shaft sleeve assembly 20 and the abutment step surface 121 enclose a mounting annular groove 21. The elastic buffer assembly 30 includes an elastic element 31 and a pressure plate 32 placed in the mounting annular groove 21 and arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the shaft head 12. Both the pressure plate 32 and the elastic element 31 are arranged in an annular shape. The elastic element 31 is used to elastically support the pressure plate 32 in contact with the shaft sleeve assembly 20.

[0024] The axle bracket 10 includes a bearing seat 11 and four axle heads 12, which extend sequentially along the circumference of the bearing seat 11. Each axle head 12 has an annularly arranged abutment step surface 121, which can be formed by a variable diameter. Each axle head 12 is fitted with a bushing assembly 20, which can rotate relative to the bushing assembly 20 and is used to connect with a universal joint fork. The bushing assembly 20 and the abutment step surface 121 enclose a mounting annular groove 21, and an elastic buffer assembly 30 is disposed within the mounting annular groove 21. The bushing assembly 20 includes an elastic element 31 and a pressure plate 32, which are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the axle head 12. Both the pressure plate 32 and the elastic element 31 are annularly arranged, with the pressure plate 32 sleeved outside the axle head 12 and the elastic element 31 used to elastically support the pressure plate 32 in contact with the bushing assembly 20.

[0025] By providing an elastic element 31 and a pressure plate 32 within the mounting annular groove 21 between the shaft bracket 10 and the bushing assembly 20, a flexible connection between the shaft bracket 10 and the bushing assembly 20 is achieved, providing a buffer space and energy absorption area for the cross shaft. When the cross shaft vibrates due to an impact, the elastic element 31 within the mounting annular groove 21 can convert the impact kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, reducing contact stress and wear. Furthermore, the pressure plate 32 ensures that the force on the bushing assembly 20 is more evenly distributed.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The elastic element 31 is a spring element, and there are multiple spring elements. The pressure plate 32 is provided with a first mounting hole 321 with the same number of spring elements. The abutting step surface 121 is provided with a second mounting hole 122 with the same number of spring elements. The first mounting hole 321 and the second mounting hole 122 are arranged sequentially and correspondingly along the circumferential direction. The two ends of the spring element extend into the corresponding first mounting hole 321 and second mounting hole 122 respectively.

[0027] The elastic element 31 is a spring element, which has advantages such as stable performance and long service life. Multiple spring elements are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft head 12. The pressure plate 32 has multiple first mounting holes 321 arranged at intervals along the circumference, the number of which corresponds to the number of spring elements. The abutting step surface 121 has multiple second mounting holes 122 arranged at intervals along the circumference, the number of which corresponds to the number of spring elements. Both ends of the spring element extend into the corresponding first mounting holes 321 and second mounting holes 122, respectively. The first and second mounting holes 321 and 122 limit the installation of the two ends of the spring element, allowing it to stably and elastically support the pressure plate 32 in contact with the shaft sleeve assembly 20.

[0028] It is understandable that grease can be applied between the pressure plate 32 and the bushing assembly 20 for lubrication, so as to avoid friction between the pressure plate 32 and the bushing assembly 20, which would cause wear to the bushing assembly 20 and extend the service life of the bushing assembly 20.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 The bushing assembly 20 includes a bearing component 22 and a bushing body 23 for connecting with a universal joint fork. The bushing body 23 is fitted onto the shaft head 12 and seals the shaft head 12 at both ends. The bearing component 22 is fitted between the shaft head 12 and the bushing body 23. The end of the bushing body 23 facing the step surface 121 forms an mounting annular groove 21 with the step surface 121.

[0030] The bushing body 23 is used to connect with the universal joint fork. The bushing body 23 is fitted onto the shaft head 12, and both ends of the bushing body 23 seal the shaft head 12. The end of the bushing body 23 facing the abutting step surface 121 forms an mounting annular groove 21 with the abutting step surface 121, so that an mounting annular groove 21 is formed between the bushing assembly 20 and the abutting step surface 121. The end of the bushing body 23 facing the abutting step surface 121 abuts against the pressure plate 32.

[0031] A bearing 22 is fitted between the shaft head 12 and the bushing body 23. The shaft head 12 and the bushing body 23 rotate relative to each other through the bearing 22. Specifically, the bearing 22 is a needle roller bearing. The needle roller bearing has a larger bearing area. Multiple needle rollers contact the shaft head 12 and the bushing body 23 at the same time, dispersing the pressure and avoiding surface crushing caused by point contact. In addition, the radial dimension of the needle roller bearing is smaller than that of the ball bearing, which makes the structure of the cross shaft more compact.

[0032] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3 The bushing assembly 20 also includes an oil seal 24. The bushing body 23 includes a surrounding plate portion 231 and an end plate portion 232. The end plate portion 232 blocks the end of the surrounding plate portion 231 away from the step surface 121. A bearing 22 is fitted between the surrounding plate portion 231 and the shaft head 12. An installation notch 233 is formed on the inner wall of the end of the surrounding plate portion 231 facing the step surface 121. The oil seal 24 is disposed in the installation notch 233.

[0033] The bearing component 22 is fitted between the shaft head 12 and the surrounding plate portion 231, and lubricating oil is provided between the bearing component 22 and the shaft head 12 for lubrication. The end of the surrounding plate portion 231 away from the step surface 121 is sealed by the end plate portion 232. An installation notch 233 is formed on the inner wall of the end of the surrounding plate portion 231 facing the step surface 121. An oil seal component 24 is provided in the installation notch 233. The installation notch 233 is used to position the oil seal component 24 for installation, making the installation of the oil seal component 24 more convenient. The end plate portion 232 and the oil seal component 24 seal both ends of the bushing body 23 to the shaft head 12, forming a sealed space and preventing lubricating oil leakage.

[0034] It is understandable that the end face of the oil seal 24 facing the step surface 121 is flush with the end face of the surrounding plate 231. The end faces of the oil seal 24 and the surrounding plate 231 facing the step surface 121 together form the wall of the mounting annular groove 21. The pressure plate 32 abuts against the end faces of the oil seal 24 and the surrounding plate 231 facing the step surface 121.

[0035] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 3The end plate portion 232 is spaced apart from the end face of the shaft head 12 to form an oil storage cavity 123 that communicates with the oil guide channel 124 on the shaft head 12. One end of the bearing member 22 abuts against the oil seal member 24, and the other end extends out of the shaft head 12 and abuts against the end plate portion 232.

[0036] The end plate portion 232 is spaced apart from the end face of the shaft head 12 to form an oil reservoir 123. The oil reservoir 123 is connected to the oil guide channel 124 on the shaft head 12. By providing the oil reservoir 123, the side wall of the shaft head 12 can be lubricated for a long time, preventing wear and extending service life. The two ends of the bearing component 22 are respectively abutted against the oil seal component 24 and the end plate portion 232 to fix the two ends of the bearing component 22.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each shaft head 12 is provided with an oil guide channel 124 that communicates with the oil injection chamber 111 on the shaft seat 11. The shaft seat 11 is also formed with an oil outlet channel 112 having a first opening 113. The oil outlet channel 112 is placed between two adjacent oil guide channels 124 and communicates with the oil injection chamber 111. The cross shaft also includes an oil outlet check valve 40 for depressurizing the oil injection chamber 111. One end of the oil outlet check valve 40 extends into the oil outlet channel 112 from the first opening 113, and the other end extends out of the first opening 113.

[0038] The bearing seat 11 is provided with an oil filling chamber 111, and each shaft head 12 is provided with an oil guide channel 124 communicating with the oil filling chamber 111. The bearing seat 11 also forms an oil outlet channel 112 communicating with the oil filling chamber 111. The oil outlet channel 112 has a first opening 113 and is positioned between two adjacent oil guide channels 124. One end of the oil outlet check valve 40 extends into the oil outlet channel 112 through the first opening 113, and the other end of the oil outlet check valve 40 extends out of the first opening 113. The oil outlet check valve 40 is used to relieve pressure in the oil filling chamber 111. When subjected to a severe impact, if the oil pressure remains high after the elastic element 31 absorbs energy, lubricating grease enters the oil outlet check valve 40 from the oil filling chamber 111 and flows out from the oil outlet check valve 40 to relieve pressure.

[0039] Understandably, when the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 reaches the pressure of the oil outlet check valve 40, the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 is sufficient to compress the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40, allowing the lubricating grease to flow out from the oil outlet check valve 40. After the pressure in the oil outlet check valve 40 is released, the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 decreases, and the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 is insufficient to compress the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40. The spring 43 in the oil outlet check valve 40 returns to its original position, preventing the lubricating grease from flowing out from the oil outlet check valve 40.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The bearing seat 11 also forms an oil injection channel 114 with a second opening 115. The oil injection channel 114 is connected to the oil injection chamber 111. The gaps between the four shaft heads 12 are alternately provided with oil outlet channels 112 and oil injection channels 114. The cross shaft also includes an oil inlet check valve 50 for injecting oil into the oil injection chamber 111. One end of the oil inlet check valve 50 extends into the oil injection channel 114 from the second opening 115, and the other end extends out of the second opening 115.

[0041] An oil injection channel 114 is also formed on the bearing seat 11. The oil injection channel 114 has a second opening 115 and is connected to the oil injection chamber 111. The gaps between the four shaft heads 12 are alternately provided with oil outlet channels 112 and oil injection channels 114. That is, the oil outlet channels 112 and oil injection channels 114 are arranged in a cross manner, which makes the pressure distribution during oil injection and oil discharge more uniform.

[0042] Understandably, please refer to Figure 3 Both the inlet check valve 50 and the outlet check valve 40 include a valve seat 41, a valve core 42, and a spring 43. The valve seat 41 forms a valve cavity, and the valve core 42 and spring 43 are arranged sequentially from the inlet end to the outlet end within the valve cavity. When lubricating grease flows into the valve cavity from the inlet end, the pressure overcomes the force of the spring 43 behind the valve core 42, pushing the valve core 42 (such as a steel ball or valve disc) to disengage from the conical surface of the valve seat 41, allowing the lubricating grease to pass through. When the lubricating grease attempts to flow in the reverse direction or the inlet pressure disappears, the valve core 42 quickly returns to its original position under the action of the spring 43, tightly fitting against the conical surface of the valve seat 41, thereby preventing the lubricating grease from flowing back.

[0043] One end of the oil inlet check valve 50 extends into the oil injection channel 114 through the second opening 115, while the other end of the oil inlet check valve 50 extends out of the second opening 115. The oil inlet check valve 50 is used to inject oil into the oil injection chamber 111. When lubricating grease is injected under pressure using an oil gun, the valve core 42 inside the oil inlet check valve 50 is pushed open, allowing high-pressure grease to forcefully penetrate and enter the narrow gaps of the needle roller bearing. This pressure effectively overcomes the resistance of old grease, ensuring that fresh lubricating grease fully covers all surfaces of the needle rollers, shaft head 12, and bushing assembly 20, while squeezing out expired grease containing metal shavings and contaminants from the sealing edge, thus completing a thorough cleaning and replacement. Furthermore, the "one-way" characteristic of the oil inlet check valve 50 comes into play immediately after the oil filling is completed. The spring 43 of the oil inlet check valve 50 presses the valve core 42 back to the valve seat 41, tightly sealing the oil filling channel 114. This not only prevents the internal grease from flowing back or leaking under residual pressure, but also completely blocks external dust, mud and water vapor from entering the oil filling channel 114 through the oil inlet check valve 50, thus enhancing the sealing and protection capability of the cross shaft.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The oil inlet check valve 50 has an oil filling port 51 and an oil replenishment port 52 at one end extending from the second opening 115. The oil filling port 51 is located at the end of the oil inlet check valve 50 and is equipped with a detachable plug. The oil replenishment port 52 is located on the outer circumferential surface of the oil inlet check valve 50, and the oil replenishment port 52 is connected to the oil outlet of the oil outlet check valve 40 through a pressure relief pipeline.

[0045] The oil inlet 51 is located at the end of the oil inlet check valve 50 that extends out of the second opening 115, and a detachable plug is provided on the oil inlet 51. When it is necessary to inject fresh lubricating grease into the oil filling chamber 111, the plug is removed from the oil inlet 51 to connect with the oil gun for oil injection. When it is not necessary to inject lubricating grease into the oil filling chamber 111, the plug is placed in the oil inlet 51 to prevent dust from entering through the second opening 115.

[0046] The oil replenishment port 52 is located on the outer circumferential surface of the oil inlet check valve 50, and the oil replenishment port 52 is connected to the oil outlet port of the oil outlet check valve 40 through a pressure relief pipeline. Under severe impact, when the oil pressure is still high after the elastic element 31 absorbs energy, the lubricating grease enters the oil outlet check valve 40 from the oil filling chamber 111 and flows out from the oil outlet port of the oil outlet check valve 40 into the pressure relief pipeline. When the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 decreases, the lubricating grease in the pressure relief pipeline enters the oil inlet check valve 50 through the oil replenishment port 52 to return to the oil filling chamber 111, realizing the recycling of lubricating grease and preventing the lubricating grease from flowing directly out of the oil outlet check valve 40, which would cause the oil film to rupture and lead to adhesive wear.

[0047] In this embodiment, the elastic modulus of the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40, the elastic element 31, and the spring 43 of the oil inlet check valve 50 are sequentially decreased.

[0048] The elastic modulus is an indicator of how easily a material undergoes elastic deformation. The larger the elastic modulus, the greater the stress required to cause a certain elastic deformation in the material. In other words, the greater the material stiffness, the smaller the elastic deformation under a certain stress.

[0049] The elastic moduli of the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40, the elastic element 31, and the spring 43 of the oil inlet check valve 50 are sequentially decreased. This ensures that lubricating grease does not flow out of the oil outlet check valve 40 during normal operation of the cross shaft. Only when the elastic element 31 is insufficient to absorb the impact kinetic energy does the oil outlet check valve 40 release pressure on the cross shaft, and the lubricating grease flows to the pressure relief pipeline. When the impact kinetic energy is absorbed, the spring 43 and the elastic element 31 of the oil outlet check valve 40 return to their original positions, the pressure in the oil filling chamber 111 decreases, and the oil inlet check valve 50 opens, allowing the lubricating grease in the pressure relief pipeline to be drawn back into the oil filling chamber 111, thus achieving oil circulation. In other words, the impact kinetic energy is first absorbed by the elastic element 31, and only when the elastic element 31 is insufficient to absorb the impact kinetic energy is pressure released through the oil outlet check valve 40 and the pressure relief pipeline.

[0050] It is understandable that the elastic modulus of the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40 is less than that of the elastic modulus of the elastic element 31, so the cross shaft will preferentially release pressure through the oil outlet check valve 40 and the pressure relief pipeline.

[0051] Specifically, the elastic modulus of the spring 43 of the oil outlet check valve 40 can be set to be much greater than the elastic modulus of the elastic element 31.

[0052] This application achieves a flexible connection between the shaft bracket 10 and the shaft sleeve assembly 20 by setting an elastic element 31 and a pressure plate 32 within the mounting annular groove 21, converting the collision kinetic energy into elastic potential energy; this is the first layer of pressure relief. A one-way oil outlet valve 40 and a pressure relief pipeline are then installed for pressure relief; this is the second layer of pressure relief. These two layers of pressure relief provide progressive energy absorption protection for the cross shaft.

[0053] Furthermore, this application provides a universal joint drive device, which includes a universal joint fork and a cross shaft as described above. Since the universal joint drive device employs all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0054] Furthermore, this application also provides a mining engineering machinery, which includes the universal joint transmission device described above. Since the mining engineering machinery adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0057] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0058] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A cross shaft, characterized in that, The cross shaft includes: The shaft frame (10) includes a shaft seat (11) and four shaft heads (12) that extend out in sequence along the circumference of the shaft seat (11). The shaft heads (12) are provided with abutting step surfaces (121) that face away from the shaft seat (11) and are arranged in a ring shape. A bushing assembly (20) is fitted on each of the shaft heads (12). The bushing assembly (20) is used to connect with the universal joint fork, and the bushing assembly (20) and the abutting step surface (121) enclose to form an mounting annular groove (21). The elastic buffer assembly (30) includes an elastic element (31) and a pressure plate (32) arranged sequentially in the mounting ring groove (21) along the extension direction of the shaft head (12). The pressure plate (32) and the elastic element (31) are both arranged in a ring shape. The elastic element (31) is used to elastically support the pressure plate (32) to abut against the bushing assembly (20).

2. The cross shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic element (31) is a spring element, and there are multiple spring elements. The pressure plate (32) is provided with a first mounting hole (321) with the same number of spring elements. The abutting step surface (121) is provided with a second mounting hole (122) with the same number of spring elements. The first mounting hole (321) and the second mounting hole (122) are arranged sequentially and correspondingly along the circumferential direction. The two ends of the spring element extend into the corresponding first mounting hole (321) and second mounting hole (122).

3. The cross shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bushing assembly (20) includes a bearing (22) and a bushing body (23) for connecting with the universal joint fork. The bushing body (23) is fitted onto the shaft head (12) and seals the shaft head (12) at both ends. The bearing (22) is fitted between the shaft head (12) and the bushing body (23). The end of the bushing body (23) facing the abutting step surface (121) forms the mounting annular groove (21) with the abutting step surface (121).

4. The cross shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bushing assembly (20) further includes an oil seal (24). The bushing body (23) includes a surrounding plate portion (231) and an end plate portion (232). The end plate portion (232) blocks the end of the surrounding plate portion (231) away from the abutting step surface (121). The bearing component (22) is fitted between the surrounding plate portion (231) and the shaft head (12). An installation notch (233) is formed on the inner wall of the end of the surrounding plate portion (231) facing the abutting step surface (121). The oil seal (24) is disposed in the installation notch (233).

5. The cross shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end plate portion (232) is spaced apart from the end face of the shaft head (12) to form an oil storage cavity (123) communicating with the oil guide channel (124) on the shaft head (12). One end of the bearing member (22) abuts against the oil seal member (24), and the other end extends out of the shaft head (12) and abuts against the end plate portion (232).

6. The cross shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Each of the shaft heads (12) is provided with an oil guide channel (124) communicating with the oil injection chamber (111) on the shaft seat (11). The shaft seat (11) is also formed with an oil outlet channel (112) having a first opening (113). The oil outlet channel (112) is placed between two adjacent oil guide channels (124) and communicates with the oil injection chamber (111). The cross shaft also includes an oil outlet check valve (40) for depressurizing the oil injection chamber (111). One end of the oil outlet check valve (40) extends into the oil outlet channel (112) from the first opening (113), and the other end extends out of the first opening (113).

7. The cross shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bearing seat (11) also forms an oil injection channel (114) with a second opening (115). The oil injection channel (114) is connected to the oil injection chamber (111). The gaps between the four shaft heads (12) are alternately provided with the oil outlet channel (112) and the oil injection channel (114). The cross shaft also includes an oil inlet check valve (50) for injecting oil into the oil injection chamber (111). One end of the oil inlet check valve (50) extends into the oil injection channel (114) from the second opening (115), and the other end extends out of the second opening (115).

8. The cross shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oil inlet check valve (50) has an oil inlet (51) and an oil replenishment port (52) at one end extending from the second opening (115). The oil inlet (51) is located at the end of the oil inlet check valve (50) and is provided with a detachable plug. The oil replenishment port (52) is located on the outer circumferential surface of the oil inlet check valve (50), and the oil replenishment port (52) is connected to the oil outlet of the oil outlet check valve (40) through a pressure relief pipeline. And / or, the elastic modulus of the spring (43) of the oil outlet check valve (40), the elastic element (31), and the spring (43) of the oil inlet check valve (50) are sequentially decreased.

9. A universal joint transmission device, characterized in that, The universal joint drive mechanism includes a universal joint fork and a cross shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A type of mining engineering machinery, characterized in that, The mining machinery includes the universal joint transmission device as described in claim 9.

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