A directional shaped charge device for pressure relief of coal seam deep section roof

Abstract

This utility model discloses a directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief, relating to the field of coal mining technology. It aims to solve the problem that in traditional directional shaped charge blasting devices, the explosive tends to slide inside the shaped charge tube during installation, deviating from the preset position and causing sympathetic detonation, thus affecting the quality and efficiency of blasting. The device includes a shaped charge assembly and a positioning assembly. The shaped charge assembly includes a U-shaped shaped charge tube with a sealing cap at the top and shaped charge covers at both ends. Arc-shaped plates are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the shaped charge tube, with one end of the arc-shaped plate bending inside the shaped charge tube to form a shaped charge groove. This utility model, through the design of the shaped charge assembly and positioning assembly, avoids the risk of sympathetic detonation caused by explosive misalignment, ensuring that the explosive detonates at preset intervals and positions, with uniform and directional energy release, significantly improving blasting quality and operational efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal mining technology, and more specifically, to a directional energy-concentrating blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief. Background Technology

[0002] Targeted blasting technology utilizes the directional energy release effect to concentrate energy, improving the blasting effect in the directional direction and solving the problems of large explosive charges and poor blasting results in traditional blasting techniques. This technology is mainly used in mining, smooth tunnel blasting, and coal mine roof cutting. In existing directional shaped charge blasting devices, explosives need to be installed and filled into the shaped charge tube at predetermined intervals during use. However, because the size of the explosives cannot be perfectly matched with the internal size of the shaped charge tube, after the explosives are filled, the installation of the shaped charge tube can easily cause the explosives to slide inside the shaped charge tube, deviating from the preset setting, resulting in sympathetic detonation of the explosives and affecting the quality and efficiency of the blasting. Based on the above problems, we propose a directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, adapt to practical needs, and provide a directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief. This solves the problem that in traditional directional shaped charge blasting devices, the explosive tends to slide inside the shaped charge tube during installation, deviating from the preset setting, leading to sympathetic detonation of the explosive and affecting the quality and efficiency of the blasting.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief, comprising a shaped charge assembly and a positioning assembly; the shaped charge assembly includes a U-shaped shaped charge tube, a sealing cap at the top of the shaped charge tube, shaped charge covers at both ends of the shaped charge tube, arc-shaped plates on both sides of the inner cavity of the shaped charge tube, one end of the arc-shaped plate bending inside the shaped charge tube to form a shaped charge groove, and the other end of the arc-shaped plate extending to the outside of the shaped charge tube and bending to form a groove that matches the two sides of the sealing cap; the shaped charge tube contains emulsion explosive; the positioning assembly includes a guide sleeve at the bottom of the sealing cap, a guide rod inside the guide sleeve, a limiting pressure plate at the bottom of the guide rod, the limiting pressure plate being located above the emulsion explosive, a positioning spike at the top of the guide rod, and a spring on the surface of the guide rod, the spring being located between the limiting pressure plate and the guide sleeve; When the sealing cap is connected to the shaped charge tube, the limiting pressure plate comes into contact with the emulsion explosive, applying an upward squeezing force to the limiting pressure plate. The spring is compressed, and the compressed spring generates a force in the opposite direction, applying downward pressure to the emulsion explosive. At the same time, the limiting pressure plate drives the guide rod to move upward along the guide sleeve, and the positioning spike extends from the top of the sealing cap.

[0005] Preferably, the sealing cover has buckles on both sides that cooperate with the slot portion. When the sealing cover is connected to the shaped charge tube, the buckle is embedded in the slot portion and forms an explosive fuse arrangement channel with the slot portion.

[0006] Preferably, the top of the sealing cover is provided with a clearance groove, and the clearance groove is connected to the interior of the guide sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, the outer wall of the slot is provided with a hook, and the bending direction of the hook is consistent with the direction in which the shaped charge tube is inserted into the borehole.

[0008] Preferably, the emulsion explosive is cylindrical, the limiting pressure plate is curved, and the curvature of the limiting pressure plate is the same as the curvature of the top of the emulsion explosive. The bottom of the limiting pressure plate is provided with an anti-slip pad, and the surface of the anti-slip pad is provided with anti-slip ridges.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model, through the design of the energy-concentrating component and the positioning component, ensures that when the sealing cap is connected to the energy-concentrating tube, the limiting pressure plate is in direct contact with the emulsion explosive. The upward pressure of the emulsion explosive on the limiting pressure plate compresses the spring, and the reaction force generated by the spring acts in the opposite direction on the emulsion explosive through the limiting pressure plate, forming a continuous and stable downward pressure, thereby achieving active limiting of the emulsion explosive. At the same time, the limiting pressure plate adopts a bending design with the same curvature as the top of the cylindrical emulsion explosive, and is combined with an anti-slip pad with anti-slip ridges on the bottom, which greatly increases the contact area and friction with the emulsion explosive. Under the dual action, it can effectively prevent the emulsion explosive from sliding or shifting inside the energy-concentrating tube due to installation shaking, tilting, or other actions, avoiding the risk of sympathetic detonation caused by the deviation of the explosive position, ensuring that the explosive detonates at the preset interval and position, with uniform and directional energy release, significantly improving the blasting quality and operational efficiency.

[0010] 2. This utility model further designs the energy-concentrating component and the positioning component. When the sealing cover is connected to the energy-concentrating tube, the guide rod drives the positioning spike to extend from the top of the sealing cover. When inserted into the blast hole, the positioning spike directly contacts the inner wall of the blast hole, forming a preliminary limit through friction, preventing the device from sliding down rapidly due to gravity. On the other hand, the outer wall of the slot portion of the arc plate extending to the outside of the energy-concentrating tube is provided with a hook, and the bending direction of the hook is consistent with the direction of insertion of the energy-concentrating tube into the blast hole. During the insertion process, the hook can engage with the preset protrusion or rough surface of the inner wall of the blast hole, forming a secondary limit, further enhancing the stability of the device in the blast hole. The dual anti-slip structure works together to ensure that the energy-concentrating tube always maintains the preset position in the blast hole, preventing the energy-concentrating tube from sliding down due to gravity, reducing the safety hazards caused by slippage during device installation, and improving operational safety. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-concentrating component structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the energy-concentrating component of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the energy-concentrating tube of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing cap structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component structure of this utility model; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the positioning component of this utility model.

[0012] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Circulating assembly; 101. Circulating tube; 102. Sealing cap; 103. Circulating cover; 104. Arc plate; 1041. Circulating groove; 1042. Slot; 105. Hook; 106. Clearance groove; 107. Locking block; 108. Emulsion explosive; 2. Positioning assembly; 201. Guide sleeve; 202. Guide rod; 203. Limiting pressure plate; 204. Positioning spike; 205. Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: This utility model relates to a directional blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief, comprising a blasting component 1 and a positioning component 2; the blasting component 1 includes a U-shaped blasting tube 101, a sealing cap 102 snapped onto the top of the blasting tube 101, blasting covers 103 inserted into both ends of the blasting tube 101, and arc-shaped plates 104 fixedly connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the blasting tube 101. One end of the arc-shaped plate 104 is bent inside the blasting tube 101 to form a blasting groove 1041, and the other end of the arc-shaped plate 104 extends to the outside of the blasting tube 101 and is bent to form a blasting groove 1041. The sealing cap 102 has matching slots 1042 on both sides. The shaped charge tube 101 is filled with emulsion explosive 108. The shaped charge tube 101 has a U-shaped cross-section and serves as the main frame of the device, providing installation space for components such as the emulsion explosive 108 and the arc plate 104. Its U-shaped structure, together with the arc plate 104, forms a shaped charge channel, guiding the explosive energy to be released in a specific direction. It is the basic carrier for achieving directional shaped charge blasting. The sealing cap 102 covers the top of the shaped charge tube 101, providing a sealing and protective function for the emulsion explosive 108 inside the shaped charge tube 101. To prevent external impurities from entering and affecting the explosive's performance, and to provide an installation base for the guide sleeve 201 of the positioning component 2, the internal components are fixed together through connection with the shaped charge tube 101. The shaped charge cover 103 is used to optimize the propagation path of the explosive energy, reduce energy loss at the end of the shaped charge tube 101, enhance the energy focusing effect, and make the energy act more concentrated on the preset blasting direction, thereby improving the directional fracture effect. The arc-shaped plate 104 is used to cooperate with the shaped charge tube 101 to form an energy focusing groove 1041 and a slot 1042. The energy focusing groove 1041 is used to realize the energy focusing effect. The core structure of the energy focusing device can concentrate the energy of the explosive into a high-energy jet during the explosion, which acts directionally on the roof of the coal seam, causing the roof to crack in a set direction. The slot 1042 and the buckles on both sides of the sealing cover 102 cooperate to realize the stable connection between the sealing cover 102 and the energy focusing tube 101. At the same time, it forms an explosive fuse arrangement channel with the buckles, providing protection and guidance for the fuse. The emulsion explosive 108 serves as the energy source for the blasting. Through the explosion, it generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas and shock waves, which, under the guidance of the energy focusing structure, achieve directional rock breaking and complete the roof breaking and pressure relief operation of the coal seam.The positioning component 2 includes a guide sleeve 201 fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing cover 102. A guide rod 202 is slidably connected inside the guide sleeve 201. A limiting plate 203 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide rod 202, and the limiting plate 203 is located above the emulsion explosive 108. A positioning spike 204 is fixedly connected to the top of the guide rod 202. A spring 205 is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod 202, and the spring 205 is located between the limiting plate 203 and the guide sleeve 201. The guide sleeve 201 provides a sliding track for the guide rod 202, restricts the displacement direction of the guide rod 202, and ensures the guide rod... 202 can only move up and down axially to ensure the stability of the positioning component 2. The guide rod 202 connects the limiting pressure plate 203 and the positioning spike 204, transmitting force. When the limiting pressure plate 203 is under force, it drives the positioning spike 204 to move synchronously. It is an intermediate transmission component that realizes the limiting of the emulsion explosive 108 and prevents the shaped charge tube 101 from sliding down. The limiting pressure plate 203 is in direct contact with the emulsion explosive 108 and applies pressure to the emulsion explosive 108 under the action of the spring 205, preventing the emulsion explosive 108 from sliding in the shaped charge tube 101 and ensuring the stability of the explosive position. The positioning spike 204 is located at the sealing cover 1. After the top of the 02 protrudes, it contacts the inner wall of the borehole, and the frictional force limits the shaped charge tube 101, preventing it from sliding down inside the borehole due to gravity, thus ensuring the accurate installation position of the device. This invention, through the design of the shaped charge component 1 and the positioning component 2, ensures that when the sealing cover 102 is connected to the shaped charge tube 101, the limiting pressure plate 203 is in direct contact with the emulsion explosive 108. The upward pressure of the emulsion explosive 108 on the limiting pressure plate 203 compresses the spring 205. The reaction force generated by the spring 205 acts in the opposite direction on the emulsion explosive 108 through the limiting pressure plate 203, forming a continuous and stable downward... The pressure effectively limits the emulsion explosive 108; simultaneously, the limiting pressure plate 203 adopts a bending design consistent with the curvature of the top of the cylindrical emulsion explosive 108, and is combined with an anti-slip pad with anti-slip texture on the bottom, significantly increasing the contact area and friction with the emulsion explosive 108. Under this dual action, it can effectively prevent the emulsion explosive 108 from sliding or shifting inside the shaped charge tube 101 due to installation shaking, tilting, or other actions, avoiding the risk of sympathetic detonation caused by the explosive's position deviation, ensuring that the explosive detonates at the preset interval and position, with uniform and directional energy release, significantly improving blasting quality and operational efficiency.

[0014] Specifically, the sealing cover 102 is fixedly connected to the two sides with buckles that cooperate with the slot portion 1042. When the sealing cover 102 is connected to the shaped charge tube 101, the locking block 107 is embedded in the slot portion 1042, forming an explosive fuse arrangement channel with the slot portion 1042. The buckles are embedded in the slot portion 1042 to realize the connection and fixation between the sealing cover 102 and the shaped charge tube 101. At the same time, they cooperate with the slot portion 1042 to form a closed fuse channel, protecting the fuse from damage and avoiding friction damage.

[0015] More specifically, the top of the sealing cover 102 is provided with a relief groove 106, and the relief groove 106 is connected to the interior of the guide sleeve 201, providing space for the upward displacement of the guide rod 202 and the positioning spike 204, avoiding structural interference between the positioning component 2 and the sealing cover 102, and ensuring that the positioning spike 204 can smoothly extend out of the top of the sealing cover 102 to play its role.

[0016] It is worth mentioning that a hook 105 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the slot 1042. The bending direction of the hook 105 is consistent with the direction in which the shaped charge tube 101 is inserted into the blast hole. When inserted, the hook 105 contacts or engages with the inner wall of the blast hole. The auxiliary positioning spike 204 enhances the stability of the shaped charge tube 101 in the blast hole and further prevents it from slipping.

[0017] It is worth noting that the emulsion explosive 108 is cylindrical, and the limiting pressure plate 203 is curved. The curvature of the limiting pressure plate 203 is the same as the curvature of the top of the emulsion explosive 108. An anti-slip pad is bonded to the bottom of the limiting pressure plate 203, and the surface of the anti-slip pad is provided with anti-slip ridges. This arrangement can increase the friction between the limiting pressure plate 203 and the emulsion explosive 108, improve the limiting effect on the emulsion explosive 108, prevent the emulsion explosive 108 from sliding relative to the shaped charge tube 101, and ensure the accurate positioning of the explosive during blasting.

[0018] Working Principle: This embodiment provides a directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief. During use, according to the requirements of deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief operations, boreholes of the required dimensions are drilled to ensure that the borehole depth and diameter match the shaped charge tube 101. Then, the shaped charge assembly 1 is assembled, and cylindrical emulsion explosives 108 are placed inside the shaped charge tube 101 at predetermined intervals, ensuring that the initial position of the emulsion explosives 108 matches the preset position. The sealing cap 102 is then placed on top of the shaped charge tube 101, with the snaps on both sides of the sealing cap 102 engaging. The arc-shaped plate 104 extends to the slot 1042 outside the shaped charge tube 101, achieving a fixed connection between the sealing cap 102 and the shaped charge tube 101. During this process, the limiting pressure plate 203 contacts the top of the emulsion explosive 108 inside the shaped charge tube 101. As the sealing cap 102 closes, the emulsion explosive 108 applies an upward compressive force to the limiting pressure plate 203, compressing the spring 205. The reaction force generated by the spring 205 is transmitted to the emulsion explosive 108 through the limiting pressure plate 203, forming a downward force on the emulsion explosive 108. Pressure is applied to limit the emulsion explosive 108; simultaneously, the limiting pressure plate 203 drives the guide rod 202 to move upward along the guide sleeve 201, and the positioning spike 204 extends through the clearance groove 106 at the top of the sealing cover 102 to the outside of the sealing cover 102. The sealing cover 102 and the slot 1042 of the arc plate 104 enclose each other to form an explosive lead wire arrangement channel. The explosive lead wire is arranged along this channel to ensure that the lead wire is reliably connected to the detonation end of the emulsion explosive 108, and that the lead wire does not loosen or deviate within the channel; the assembled directional... The shaped charge blasting device is slowly inserted into the blast hole. During the insertion process, the positioning spike 204 extending from the top of the sealing cap 102 will contact the inner wall of the blast hole. The friction between the positioning spike 204 and the inner wall of the blast hole will achieve initial positioning and prevent the device from sliding down due to gravity. At the same time, the hook 105 on the outer wall of the slot 1042 will contact the preset protrusion or rough surface of the inner wall of the blast hole, further enhancing the stability of the device in the blast hole and ensuring that the position of the shaped charge tube 101 in the blast hole is consistent with the preset blasting position, and that the shaped charge groove 1041 faces the preset shaped charge direction.

[0019] The embodiments disclosed herein are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can readily grasp the spirit of this utility model based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations. However, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this utility model, they are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief, characterized in that, The device includes an energy-concentrating component (1) and a positioning component (2). The energy-concentrating component (1) includes an energy-concentrating tube (101) arranged in a U-shape. A sealing cap (102) is provided on the top of the energy-concentrating tube (101). Energy-concentrating covers (103) are provided at both ends of the energy-concentrating tube (101). Arc-shaped plates (104) are provided on both sides of the inner cavity of the energy-concentrating tube (101). One end of the arc-shaped plate (104) is bent inside the energy-concentrating tube (101) to form an energy-concentrating groove (1041). The other end of the arc-shaped plate (104) extends to the outside of the energy-concentrating tube (101) and bends to form a slot (1042) that cooperates with both sides of the sealing cap (102). The shaped charge tube (101) is provided with an emulsion explosive (108) inside; the positioning component (2) includes a guide sleeve (201) provided at the bottom of the sealing cover (102), a guide rod (202) provided inside the guide sleeve (201), a limiting pressure plate (203) provided at the bottom of the guide rod (202), and the limiting pressure plate (203) is located above the emulsion explosive (108), a positioning spike (204) provided at the top of the guide rod (202), and a spring (205) provided on the surface of the guide rod (202), and the spring (205) is located between the limiting pressure plate (203) and the guide sleeve (201); When the sealing cap (102) is connected to the shaped charge tube (101), the limiting pressure plate (203) contacts the emulsion explosive (108), and an upward squeezing force is applied to the limiting pressure plate (203). The spring (205) is compressed, and the spring (205) generates a force in the opposite direction after compression, which applies downward pressure to the emulsion explosive (108). At the same time, the limiting pressure plate (203) drives the guide rod (202) to move upward along the guide sleeve (201), and the positioning spike (204) extends from the top of the sealing cap (102).

2. The directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing cover (102) has buckles on both sides that cooperate with the slot (1042). When the sealing cover (102) is connected to the shaped charge tube (101), the clip (107) is embedded in the slot (1042) and forms an explosive fuse arrangement channel with the slot (1042).

3. The directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the sealing cover (102) is provided with a relief groove (106), and the relief groove (106) is connected to the interior of the guide sleeve (201).

4. A directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the slot (1042) is provided with a hook (105), and the bending direction of the hook (105) is consistent with the direction in which the energy-conducting tube (101) is inserted into the blast hole.

5. A directional shaped charge blasting device for deep coal seam roof breaking and pressure relief according to claim 4, characterized in that, The emulsion explosive (108) is cylindrical, the limiting pressure plate (203) is curved, and the curvature of the limiting pressure plate (203) is the same as the curvature of the top of the emulsion explosive (108). The bottom of the limiting pressure plate (203) is provided with an anti-slip pad, and the surface of the anti-slip pad is provided with anti-slip ridges.

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